SUBMITTED TO :

Dr. Shelly
There are two methods to estimate the need for
hospital in a population:

Analytical method : Taking feedback and

analysis of data collected through survey e.g.
distributing questionnaire.

Estimation method
Planning (also called forethought/forecasting) is the
process of thinking about and organizing the activities
required to achieve a desired goal.
 1.What we expect to do?
2.Why it will be done ?
3.Where will it be done ?
4.When we expect to do it?
5.Who all are going to do it ?
6.How will it be done ?

Excellent firms dont believe in excellence only in constant improvement and

constant change Tom Peters
Community interest over individual interest

Preventive services over curative services

Services catering to the weaker sections of the

community

Rural over Urban

Regionalized Planning
 Geographic Data
Morbidity & Mortality Status
Need & Demand
Details of existing Facilities
Financial Feasibility
Demographic Details

Population Strength
Sex & Age Ration
Social Status
Educational level
Must meet the needs of the patient it is going to
serve adequately.

It must be in a size and proportions which the

owners or promoters will be able to build and
operate
Sound architectural plan
Economic viability
Effective community orientation
Quality patient care
Protection from unwanted and unnecessary disturbances in
order to help speedy recovery
Separation of dissimilar activities
Control the nurses station should be positioned strategically
to enable proper monitoring of visitors entering and leaving
the ward, infants and children should be protected from theft
and infection etc.
Circulation- all the departments of a hospital must be
properly integrated.
(separate all departments, yet keep them all together;
separate types of traffic, yet save steps for everybody; that is
all there is to hospital planning Emerson Goble)
Needs of the community
Ease of accessibility
Range of services offered
Availability of specialists
Availability of technology
Study of existing hospital(if any)
Requirements of staff and services
Bed: Population = A x S x 100
365 x PO

A= number of inpatient
admissions/1000 population/year
S= average length of stay
PO= percentage occupancy
 Planning of finances-
Funds required for constructing, furnishing
and equipping the hospital.

Operating funds- salaries, loans and

interest, other maintenance expenses.

Arranging financial assistance-patient fees,

bed charges, and other modes of revenue
generation process.
Stage A
Functional content: Project team
Outline brief: Assessment of functional content
Submission of owners( Govt,private
organization etc.)for approval
Site appraisal, gross floor areas
Building space. Draft master plan
Estimation of cost and phasing
Appraisal of work by owners
Stage B
Operational policies: Operational policies
Developmental plan: Departmental and inter related
activities
Departmental and hospital policies
Development control plan
Budget cost
Continuous informal discussion with
owners
Stage C
Schedules of accommodation, sketches, Schedules of accommodation
Final cost estimate: Sketch drawing
Equipment schedules component
estimates
Cost revenue and staffing estimates
Final cost approval
Stage D
Detail design working drawings, tender Working drawings
action: Engineering details
Bills of quantities
Calling tenders
Stage E
Contract and construction: Assessments of tenders
Award of contract
Construction
Engineering commissioning
Stage F
Commissioning: Staff assembly and training
Equipment and supplies assembly
Testing of installation
 Equipment planning-
Built in equipment These include counters and cabinets in
laboratory, Pharmacy and other parts of
the hospital , elevators , incinerators ,
coolers , fixed sterilizing equipment etc.
These are usually included in the
construction contract and the planning of
these equipments is the architect's
responsibility.

Depreciable equipment This includes equipment that has a life of

five years or more and is not purchased
through construction contracts. These are
large pieces of furniture which have a
relatively fixed location and are capable of
being moved e.g., diagnostic and
therapeutic equipment, laboratory
instruments, office furniture etc.
Non depreciable equipment These are small items with a low unit
cost and life span of less than five years.
These are generally under the control of
the store room and are bought through
other than construction contracts. They
include kitchen utencils,surgical
instruments,linen,waste baskets etc.
 Operation program
Admission Human resource
Administration Stores
General engineering Purchasing
Laundry Maintenance
Clinical services Waste disposal plant

Pharmacy Fire and safety

Nursing services Disaster plan
House keeping information
Records Dietary services
Public relations Clinical engineering
Employee facilities Sanitation
Intensive critical care unit (ICCU)-

Should preferably be located on the ground floor with convenient

access from the operation theatre suit and emergency department and
easy accessibility for wards.
It consists patient area, staff area, support area.
Four basic requirements-
Direct observation of the patient by nursing and medical staff
Surveillance of physiological monitoring
Provision and efficient use of routine and emergency
diagnostic procedures and interventions.
Recording and maintenance of patient information
 Design and Layout of ICCU
Design should take into consideration the integration
and smooth functioning of three areas

1. The Patient Area

2. The Staff Area
3. The Support Area

Total area ranges from 350 to 500 sq. feet per bed which
includes
1. Circulation Area
2. Nursing Station
3. Sanitary and Ancillary Accommodation
Ancillary & Support Services
It should be centrally air conditioned.
Overall lighting Requirement in ICCU is for subdued illumination for the patient bed with
capacity for increasing it in case of need.
Main light at the bed head should be fitted with dimmer switch.
A high intensity emergency light or spot focusing light should also be provided.
Emergency buzzer switch connected to central buzzer and location panel at central nursing
station.
Multiple electrical gadgets required.
Stand by generator is also required.
Diagnostic Support
Should have round the clock access to
Laboratory services
Radiology
Imaging
Physiotherapy.
Equipment maintenance
Visitor Lounge
Area Sq .ft / bed
Nursing unit 250-280
Nursery 12-18
Delivery suite 15-20
Operation theatre 30-50
Physical medicine 12-18
Radiology 25-35
Laboratory 25-35
Pharmacy 4-6
CSSD 8-25
Dietary 25-35
Medical record 8-15
Area Sq .ft / bed
House keeping 4-5
Laundry 12-18
Mechanical installation 50-75
Maintenance work shop 4-6

Stores 25-35
Public areas 8-10
Staff facilities 10-15
Administration 40-50
Total 567-751
Circulation 115-751
Total net area 682-891
Hospital administrators and staff have an ongoing
concern with controlling unwanted noise in their
facilities. Patient comfort, employee satisfaction
and environmental concerns are always at the
forefront in the continuous design and
maintenance of a wide array of systems that keep
a medical facility running efficiently.
Quantity
Price
Source
Quality
Technology requirement must be met
Clinical needs must be considered
Safety is a major factor
Standards and Guidelines are essential
Importance of the role of Hospital Staff
in construction and design.
A hospital is a living organism, made up of
many different parts , having different
functions, but all theses must be in due
proportion and relation to each other and to
the environment to produce the desired
result - Dr S Billings