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Unit III
III
Power plant Engineering

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SYLLABI Technology
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9 Introduction, Classification of Power Plants

Working principle of steam, Gas, Diesel,
Hydro-electric and Nuclear Power plants
Merits and Demerits.
9 Pumps and turbines working principle of
Reciprocating pumps (single acting and double
acting) Centrifugal Pump.

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POWER PLANT

A power station (also referred to as a

generating station, power plant, or
powerhouse) is an industrial facility for the
generation of electric power.
Power plant is also used to refer to the
engine in ships, aircraft and other large
vehicles.
vehicles

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SOURCES OF POWER Technology

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POWER TRANSMISSION TO HOUSE
Technology
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POWER TRANSMISSION TO HOUSE

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POWER PLANT Technology
KGiSL Institute of

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CLASSIFIACTION OF POWER PLANT
9 Stea
Steam oor tthermal
e a po e p
power a t
plant.
9 Hydroelectric power plant.
9 Nuclear power plant.
plant
9 Diesel power plant.
9 Gas
G turbine
t bi power plant.l t
9 Solar power plant.
9 Wind power plant.
9 Tidal power plant.

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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Principle:
9 water is used as working fluid.
9 Potential energy of water stored at higher level is
converted into mechanical energy which is used for
power generation.
Potential energy Mechanical Energy Electrical
Energy
9 Water is allowed to flow under pressure from dam
which is used to run the turbine & electric power is
generated.

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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT Technology
CONT.

Device
D i Energy
E conversion
i

Dam Water potential energy.

Turbine Potential energy Mechanical

Energy.
Generator Mech.energy Electrical energy.

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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT CONT.

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Advantages- Hydro electric powerTechnology
plant:

Water the working fluid is a natural &

renewable energy source available in plenty.
Life of the plant is very long.
Running cost of plant is low.
Maintenance & operation cost is low.
No ash disposal problem
problem.
Less supervising staff.
No fuel transportation problem
problem.
In addition to power generation these plants
are useful for irrigation and flood control
control.
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Disadvantages-
Disadvantages Hydro electric power plant:
Initial cost is more high & more time
required for erection.
erection
Power generation depends on quantity of
water
t available
il bl .
Transmission losses are more high & cost
is high.
Plants are situated away y from load
centers it requires long transmission
lines.
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Nuclear power plant.

Next class.

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NUCLEAR FISSION Technology

9 Process by which the atoms nuclei become

fragmented (e.g.,
(e g in a nuclear reactor);
neutrons are released and energy is
produced in the form of heat
heat.

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NUCLEAR FISSION & FUSION Technology

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NUCLEAR POWER PLANT Technology

9 Principle:
9 Uranium- used as a nuclear fuel.
9 Principle involved is nuclear fission.

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ADVANTAGES - NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

9 It needs less space.

9 Fuel consumption is very small & hence
transportation ,handling
handling and storages
charges
are low.
l
9 Well suited for large power demands.

9 Operation of the plant is more reliable.

9 Less workmen is required.

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DISADVANTAGES - NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Capital cost is high.
Radioactive wastes, if not disposed carefully
have adverse effects on environments.
Not suitable for varying load conditions.

Maintenance cost is high

high.

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NUCLEAR POWER STATION IN INDIA

Tarapur nuclear power station

station- 200 MW cap.
Kalpakkam nuclear power station.
235 MW 2 FBR
Narora nuclear power station
235 MW- CANDU

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Steam power plant

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SIMPLE EXPERIMENT TO DEMONSTRATE
Technology THE WORKING

OF A THERMAL POWER PLANT.

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OBSERVATION

9 The force of the steam rotates the blades,

and it acts like a simple turbine.
9 This rotational energy produces a small
current in the dynamo and lights the bulb.
9 Inference
I f
9 Mechanical energy is converted into
electrical energy.
9 This is the p
principle
p used in the Thermal
Power Plant
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STEAM POWER PLANT Technology

steam is used as the working fluid.

Heat energy is converted into mech.energy
which is used for power generation
generation.
Heat energy Mech.energy
electrical enrg.
enrg
Steam is produced in the boiler & is used to
drive the steam turbine which is coupled with
a generator.

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Steam power plant cont.. Technology

Device Energy conversuion

Boiler Fuel Heat energy

Turbine Heat ene. Mech.energy

Generator Mech.energy electrical energy.

Turbine
Generator

s
Boiler

Coupling

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STEAM POWER PLANT CONT..
Circuits of steam power plant:
I) coal
& ash circuit.
circuit
ii)Air & flue gas circuit.

iii)feed water & steam circuit.

Iv) cooling water circuit

circuit.

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COAL & ASH CIRCUIT

COAL
STORAGE

COAL
HANDLING

ASH ASH
STORAGE HANDLING BOILER

9Coal is used as the fuel & burnt in the boiler for generation of
steam.
9Ash produced due to the combustion of coal is removed to
th ash
the h storage
t .

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AIR & FLUE GAS CIRCUIT
9 Air is taken from atmosphere thro fans.
9 Air is heated by the heat of flue gases which
is passing to chimney.
9 hot air is supplied to the boiler.

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FEED WATER AND STEAM CIRCUIT
The steam generated in the boiler passes
through the super heater and is supplied to the
turbine.
The superheated steam expands over the
turbine blades and it drives the turbine shaft
which is coupled to the electrical generator.
The expanded steam then passes to the
condenser where it is condensed.
The condensate (water) leaving the condenser is
passing through the economizer where it is
further heated by means of flue gases and fed
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COOLING WATER CIRCUIT

This circuit consists of condenser, cooling

water pumps and cooling tower.
The hot water coming from the condenser is
cooled in the cooling
g tower and it is re-
circulated.
Abundant quantity y of water is required for
condensing the steam in the condenser
which is taken from river or lake.

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ADVANTAGES Technology
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STEAM POWER PLANT

9 Initial cost is low compared to hydel
plant.
plant
9 Generation of power is continuous.

9 Less space is required.

9 It can respond to rapidl

rapidly changing load
load.
9 It can be located near the load centre,
hence transmission cost & losses are
reduced.
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DISADVANTAGES Technology
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STEAM POWER PLANT

Transportation & handling of fuel is

major difficulty.
Long
L time
ti required
i d for
f erection.
ti
Maintenance & operation
p cost are
high.
Efficiency of the plant is less.
less
Power generation cost is high
compared to hydel power plants.
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STEAM POWER PLANT -- INDIA

9 Ramagundam Thermal Plant in Andhra

Pradesh,
9 Raichur
R i h Th Thermall Pl
Plantt iin K
Karnataka,
t k
9 Korba Thermal Plant in Madhya y
Pradesh,
9 Farraka Thermal Plant in West Bengal
are a few of the thermal power plants
located in India.
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