INTRODUCTION:

The signalling to the Central Office from the subset could be based on two
methods: dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) and pulse dialing. DTMF or touch-tone
provides two distinct frequencies for each key that is pressed on the dial pad. These
frequencies are collected at the CO and used to define the called party. The second
format (which has all but disappeared from the network in North America) is rotary- or
pulse-dialing signal. Rotary dials relied on a make/break condition of a set of relays on
the dial on the dial to open and close the circuit to the CO. The ratio of connection to
disconnection (make/break) was 60:40. The on/off pulse of the subscriber loop signalled
the CO equipment to indicate the number dialed. The pulse period is 100 ms in duration.
1 pulse for each digit and 10 pulses for the digit 0. Graphs of the pulse signal and the
make/break ratio is shown below.

Figure 1. Pulse Dialing

DISCUSSION:

In this laboratory experiment, our goal is to observe the pulse dialing signal, an
output waveform whenever we press a digit on telephone number pad and measure
required parameters such as the dial pulse period, the duration of the current
interruptions, and the inter digit interval.

In the first part, we set up the central office just like we did on experiment one.
Then, we disable the telephone number detection so the central office cannot detect the
signal that can disturb our observation of the output pulse dialing signal at any time we
dial. The loop current is zero since the handset is on the cradle and there is a -47 DC
Voltage that comes from the central office. When we lift off the cradle the output voltage
will lessen to -7V DC because there is a DC current flowing on the telephone line. Then,
we pressed certain numbers and certain pulses displayed on the oscilloscope. It means
that the current is interrupted and those pulses can be heard on earpiece. We observed
that the number of series pulses depends on the number we dialed. For example, when
we press number key 6, the loop current interrupted is 6 times and its voltage decreases
to -34.8V. When we pressed number key 3, 3 successive pulses appear. We measure
the dial pulse period, duration of current interruptions and duration of current pulses that
has a value of 100ms, 60ms, and 40ms respectively. We also observed when we
simultaneously dial digit 2 and 3 quickly and we measure the inter-digit interval that
obtained 760ms.

We successfully perform our laboratory experiment since we completed all the

procedures and objectives.
CONCLUSION:

In pulse dialing, when a number is dialed, a series of pulses is sent out depending
what number is being dialed. When dialing 1, 1 pulses is transmitted to the telephone line,
when 2 is dialed, 2 pulses are sent out, and so on. When 0 is dialed, 10 pulses are sent.
The loop current has been interrupted resulting to pulse signal. We also conclude when
we simultaneously dial 2 numbers there is a inter-digit interval.
 UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
College of Engineering
ECE Department

TELEPHONY AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

NEC 512-1EC
Experiment No. 2

TONE DIALING

Submitted by:

MAGTAGOB, IVY T.
2013-01-25778

Submitted to:

ENGR. EDELITO HANDIG

Professor