Programming

Pertemuan ke 3
MK. Teori dan Metode Perancangan Arsitektur
References
 Programming : plan of procedure
Programming is a systematic method of
inquiry that delineates the context within
which the designing must be done as
well as defines the requirements that
a successful project must meet.

Definition
 Architectural Programming is the process
of managing information so that right
kind of information is available at the
right stage of the design process and the
best possible decisions can be made in
shaping the outcome of the building
design

Understanding of architectural
programming
 ?
Programming Design is
is problem problem solving
seeking
 Duerk Penna

1. Gathering 1. Establish goal

2. Organizing 2. Collect and
3. Analyzing analyzing facts
4. Interpreting 3. Uncover and test
5. Presenting concepts
4. Determine needs
5. State the problem

Programming steps
Scheme: Design Process as Problem
Solving (William Pea, 2001)

Information

Information Problem Problem Model of

Seeking Solving Solution

Information
Design Design
Problem Solution
Formulation Formulation
 1. Establish Goals
2. Collect and Analyze Fact
3. Undercover and Test Concepts
4. Determine Needs
5. State the Problems

The Steps in Programming

(William Pea, 2001)
 1. Goals what does the clien want to
achieve and why?
2. Facts what do we know? What is given?
3. Concepts how does the client want to
achieve the goals?
4. Needs how much money and space?
What level of quality?
5. Problem what are the significant
conditions affecting the design of the
building? What are the general directions
the design should take?

The Five steps pose these questions

(William Pea, 2001)
Framework for Programming
(Duerk, 1993)
 Why do we need to do this project?

Mission question
 Goals must be developed that clearly
express the level of quality to be reached
by the final design.
A goal is a statement of an ideal quality
level in which the design should have to
be 100% successful.

Goals
1. Goals should answer the question: how is the
mission for this project to be accomplished?
2. A goal statement is a statement of the quality
of the ideal solution for a design issue.
3. A goal statement is a statement of the future
condition that you wish to achieve
4. A goal statement should be as simply stated as
possible and should allow all the relevant
performance requirements to be covered in its
scope.
5. A goal statement should cover a priority issue
and be about the same scope and importances
as the rest of the other goals for the project
6. A goal should be positive and proactive rather
than negative.

How to write a goal statement

1. Interview
a. Do your homework
b. Maintain a comfortable level of eye contact
with the person who is answering your
questions.
c. Ask general, open-ended question first.
d. Do not plant the answer you are looking for.
e. State your time limit
f. Know when to quit
g. Verification what you get

Technique for discovering client

goals
2. Scenario
If its impossible to interview the client or user for
any reason, its a good to develop scenario about
the lives of possible clients or users.
A scenario takes the form of a narrative that tells
the story about a portion of the clients or users
live.
Writing scenario serves to raise questions about
the area of a persons or groups activity patterns
of about their philosophy and values, which imply
consequences for the design.

Technique for discovering client

goals
3. Observation
a) Casual observation is getting the big picture.
b) Sytematic observation is counting occurences
of even number of people, or other spesific
data sets and then drawing conclusions.
c) Statistical observation is the carefully
designed research study, using the scientific
method that proves a point by making highly
reliable predictions.

Technique for discovering client

goals
 The performance requirement is the
vehichle for commucation the level of
function required to implement a goal.
A performance requirement is a statement
of measureable function that the design
must live up to in order for the goals to be
reached.

Perfomance Requirement
1. Spesific: something specially suited for a
given use or purpose.
2. Operational : means applicable, usable,
workable, putting into action, ready to be
used.
3. Measurable means that there must be some
means, such as set criteria, standards,
rules, yardsticks, grades, benchmarks,
guidelines, or limits, for testing whether the
solution is up to the standars set by the
performance requirement.

What makes a good performance

requirement?
 Concepts are captioned diagrams that
illustrated the ideal organization
relationship.
A concept can be develop for every level
of organization in a design, from the
overall parti (main organizing idea) to the
most minute detail of the design.

Concepts
 A concept answer the question : what
relationship between physical things will most
likely insure the level of function required by the
performance requirement?
A concept can always be diagrammed simply.
Each concept diagram should have a brief
caption that, together with the simple diagram,
is a whole idea
The diagram should always be the most generic
relationship possible to solve the functional
requirement such that the designer is given a
broad range of possibilities for implementing the
concept.
There should be enough concept for each
performance requirement to cover thouroughly
all aspect of performance.

Technique for developing clear concepts

 The design of the building follows the style of Frank Gehry.
Inspired by the shapes and textures of a fish, it can be
considered a sculpture, a work of art in itself. The forms do
not have any reason nor are governed by any geometric
law. The museum is essentially a shell that evokes the past
industrial life and port of Bilbao. It consists of a series of
interconnected volumes, some formed of orthogonal coated
stone and others from a titanium dkeleton covered by an
organic skin. The connection between volumes is created
by the glass skin. The museum is integrated into the city
both by it height and the materials used. Being below the
benchmark of the city, it does not surpass the rest of the
buildings. The limestone, of a sandy tone, was selected
specially for this aim. Seen from the river, the form
resembles a boat, but seen from above it resembles a
flower.

Concept of Bilbao Guggenheim

Museum
 Guggenheim Museum Film
 Mission ?
Goal
Performance Requirement
Concept

Case : Andra Matin House