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Course Contents for Subjects with Code: PHY

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CenterforUndergraduateStudies,UniversityofthePunjab 1
Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

PHY101 ElementaryMechanics 3 I
Year Discipline
1 Physics
Vector derivatives and operations, divergence theorem, Stokes theorem, particle dynamics
with emphasis on effect of frictional and drag forces on motion, non-inertial frames and
pseudo forces, work-energy theorem, conservative and non-conservative forces, two particle
and many-particle systems, centre of mass of solid objects, momentum changes in a system
of variable mass.
Collisions in the center-of-mass reference frame, rotational dynamics with emphasis on
Parallel-axis theorem, moment of inertia of bodies of various shapes, combined rotational and
translational motion.
Angular momentum, angular velocity and stability of spinning objects, gravitational effect of
a spherical mass distribution, Keplers laws of planetary motion.
Books Recommended:
Physics Vol. I by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York, 1992.
Physics Vol. I by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York, 2002.
Fundamental of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York, 1999.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA, 2000.
Physics by Alonso and Finn: Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA, 1999.

PHY102 Waves,OscillationsandOptics 3 I
Year Discipline
1 Physics
Simple and damped harmonic oscillations, forced oscillations and resonance, mechanical
waves, traveling waves, wave equation and power and intensity in wave motion, principle of
superposition, Doppler effect of sound waves.
Interference from thin films, Michelson interferometer, Fresenels biprism and its use,
diffraction from multiple slits, diffraction grating, X-ray diffraction and structure of matter,
polarization, description of polarization states, rotation of plane of polarization, holography.
Books Recommended:
1. Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, 1992.
2. Physics Vol. I & II by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York, 2002.
3. Fundamental of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
4. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley,
5. Physics by Alonso and Finn: Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA, 1999.

PHY103 ElectricityandMagnetism 3 II
Year Discipline
1 Physics
Electric field of continuous charge distributions, dipole in an electric field, Applications of

Gauss law, calculating the field from the potential, capacitor with dielectric, electric current
density and Ohms law, semiconductors and superconductors, magnetic force on a charged
particle, magnetic force on a current, torque on a current loop, magnetic dipole, Biot-Savart
Law, Amperes law, Faradays Law, Lenzs Law, motional E.M.F, induced electric fields,
Gauss law for magnetism, origin of atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetization, magnetic
materials, induced magnetic fields and displacement current, Maxwells equations, generating
an electro-magnetic wave, traveling waves and Maxwells equations, energy transport and the
Poynting vector.
Books Recommended:
Physics Vol. II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John Wiley and
Physics Vol.II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Fundamental of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley, Reading
(MA), USA, 2000.
Physics by Alonso and Finn: Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA, 1999.

PHY104 ThermodynamicsandKineticTheory 3 II
Year Discipline
1 Physics
Kinetic theory of the ideal gas, work done on an ideal gas, internal energy of an ideal gas,
intermolecular forces.
Statistical mechanics, statistical distribution and mean values, distribution of molecular
speeds, distribution of energies, Brownian motion.
Heat and Thermodynamics; heat, different theories of heat, specific heat, gram molecular
specific heat, laws of thermodynamics, Zeroth law, first law, second law, third law of
thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, indicator diagram, entropy, law of
increase of entropy, temperature-entropy diagram, Maxwells thermodynamics relations,
TDS equations, Clapeyrons equation, entropy and second law of thermodynamics, reversible
and irreversible processes, second law of thermodynamics, Carnot Cycle, Carnot engine,
thermodynamic temperature scale, entropy, low temperature physics.
Thermoelectricity, Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, thermocouple.
Books Recommended:
1. Physics Vol I.&II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John Wiley
and Sons Inc, New York, 1992.
2. Physics Vol I &II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley
Reading (MA), USA,
5. 2000.

PHY111 PhysicsI(Mechanics&Optics) 3 I
Year Discipline
1 ChemistryII,MathematicsI,StatisticsI
Mechanics Vector Operations

Vector in 3 dimensions; Vector derivatives and operation; Gradient, Divergence and Curl of a
vector; Divergence Theorem; Stokes Theorem.
Particle Dynamic
Advanced application of Newtons laws Dynamics of Uniform motion; Equations of motion;
Time dependent forces; Effect of drag forces on motion; Non inertial frames and pseudo
forces; Non inertial frames and Pseudo forces; Limitations of Newtons Laws.
Work, Energy and Power
Work done by a constant force, work done by a variable force (1-dimensions); Work done by
a variable (2-dimension) Work energy theorem, General proof of work energy theorem.
Power: Reference Frames.
Conservation of Energy
Conservative, and non conservative forces; One dimensional conservative system; 2,3
dimensional conservative system; Conservation of energy in a system of particles system two
practical system. Center of mass of solid object; Momentum changes in system of variable
mass.
Collisions
Inelastic collision conservation of momentum during collision in center of Mass reference
frame.
Rotational Dynamics
Angular momentum; angular velocity; Overview of rotational Dynamics; Parallel axis
theorem; Determination of momentum of interstice of various shapes; Rotational dynamics of
rigid bodies; combined rotational and transitional motion. Stability of spinning objects, the
spinning Top.
Gravitation
Review of basic concepts of gravitation. Gravitational effect of a spherical mass distribution;
Gravitational Potential Energy; Gravitational field & potential; Universal Gravitational Law.
Bulk Properties of Matters
Elastic Properties of Matter; Fluid Statistics; Fluid Dynamics; Bernoulli Equation; Viscosity.
Optic Topic
Nature of light; Light as an Electro magnetic wave; Interference; Adding of Electromagnetic
wave using phasors; Interference from thin films; Michelson Interferometer; Fresnel Biprism
and its use; Diffraction; Diffraction from multiple slits; Diffraction grating; Holography;
Polarization; Description of polarization states; Rotation of plane of polarization.
Recommended Books:
1. Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Karne, 4th and Sons Inc, New
York.
2. Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
3. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young,

Addison Wesley, Reading (MA), USA
4. Physics by Alonso and Finn; Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) USA.

PHY112 PhysicsLabI(Mechanics&Optics) 1 I
Year Discipline
1. Surface tension by capillary rise.

2. Study of compound pendulum and estimate of value of g
3. Elastic constants by spiral spring
4. Modulus of rigidity by dynamic method and static method of Maxwells Needle.
5. Spring Constant by static and dynamic method.
6. Modulus of rigidity by dynamic method.
Recommended Books:
York.
New York.
3. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.

PHY113 PhysicsII(Waves&Oscillation) 3 II
Year Discipline
Harmonic Oscillations:
Simple harmonic oscillation (SHM); Application of S H M; S H M and uniform circular
motion, combinations of Harmonic motion Damped Harmonic Motion.
Wave Topic:
Mechanical waves; Traveling waves; Waves speed; Waves equation; Power and intensity in
wave motion; Principle of superposition. (Basic ideas);
Sound Topic:
Beats Phenomenon; Doppler Effect.
Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory of Gases:
Kinetic theory of the ideal gas, wok done on an ideal gas internal energy of an ideal gas
Intermolecular forces.
Statistical Mechanics:
Statistical, Distribution and Mean values; Distribution of molecular speeds; Brownian
motion.
Heat: Review of previous concepts; First law of Thermodynamics; Transfer of heat;
Entropy and Second law of Thermodynamics:
Reversible and irreversible Process, Second Law; Cycle; Carnot engines Thermodynamic
temperature scale; Entropy; Joule Thomson effect
Recommended Books:
York.
New York.
Reading (MA), USA.

PHY114 PhysicsLabII(Waves&Oscillation) 1 II
Year Discipline
1. Thermo-Couple, Thermal e.m.f. and temperature diagram.
2. Determination of J Electrical Method (Calendar and Barnes Method) with compensation
for heat loss.
3. Velocity of Sound by Kundts tube.
4. Frequency & A.C. mains by Sonometer.
5. Frequency & A.C. mains by Meldes Approvals
6. Use of sextant and measurement of altitude with it
7. Wavelengths of sodium D lines by Newtons Rings.
8. Wavelengths of light by Fresnels biprism
9. Wavelength of light by diffraction grating
10. Measurement of the Rotation of the Plane of Polarization
11. Resolving Power of diffraction grating
12. Determination of the radius of Lycopodium Particles
Recommended Books:
York.
New York.
Reading (MA), USA.

PHY121 MechanicsandWaveMotion(IT) 3 I
Year Discipline
1 InformationTechnology
To teach students calculus based general physics by way of learning about the following
topics in depth: Measurement and vectors, Motion in one, two and three dimensions,
Newtons laws of motions, Work and energy principles, Laws of conservation of momentum
and energy, One- and two-dimensional collisions, Rotational kinematics and dynamics,
Conservation of angular momentum, Gravitation, Oscillations and waves.
Textbook
1. Resnick, Halliday and Krane, Physics, vol. 1. ISBN: 978-0-471-32057-9
Recommended Book
1. University Physics, vol. 1, by Sears and Zemansky, ISBN-10: 0201603365

PHY122 Electricity&Magnetism(IT) 3 II
Year Discipline
1 InformationTechnology
The primary objective of the course is to teach student calculus based general physics,
particularly basic concepts of thermodynamics, electricity, and magnetism. The following
topics will be covered in the course: Temperature, Thermal expansion, Kinetic theory and the
ideal gas, Heat and First law of thermodynamics, Entropy and Second law of
thermodynamics, Review of Vectors, Electric Charge and Coulombs law, Electric field,
Gausss law, Electric potential, Capacitors and dielectrics, Current and resistance, Ohms
Law, Simple resistive circuits (series and parallel), Magnetic field, Amperes law, Faradays
law of induction, Liens Laws, Amperes Law and its applications.
Prerequisites
Mechanics and Wave Motion (IT)
Text Book
1. Halliday, Resnick, and Walker, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, Sixth Edition,
ISBN: 978-0-471-32000-5
Recommended Books
1. Sears and Zemansky, University Physics, vol. 1 and 2. ISBN-10: 0201603365

PHY201 ConceptsofModernPhysics 3 III
Year Discipline
2 Physics
Quantum physics: Thermal radiation (black body radiation), quantization of energy, The
photoelectric effect, Einsteins photon theory, the Compton effect, line spectra, wave
behavior of particles, Testing de Broglies hypothesis, waves, waves packets and particles,
Heisenbergs uncertainty principle, Wave function, Schrdinger equation, trapped particles
and probability densities, the correspondence principle, dual nature of matter (waves and
particles).
Atomic physics: The atomic structure of hydrogen, Bohrs theory, angular momentum of
electrons, electron spin, X-ray spectrum, development of periodic table, laser.
Nuclear physics: Discovering the nucleus, some nuclear properties, radioactive decay,
measuring ionizing radiation, natural radioactivity, nuclear reaction.
Energy from the nucleus, nuclear fission, nuclear reactor, thermonuclear fusion, controlled
thermonuclear fusion.
Solid state physics: Electrons in solids, free electron gas, semiconductors and insulators,
semiconductor devices, superconductivity.
Books Recommended:
1. Physics Vol. II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John Wiley
2. Physics Vol.II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley
6. Concepts of Modern Physics by A. Beiser: McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 1988.

PHY202 GeneralPhysicsLabI 2 III
Year Discipline
2 Physics
1. The Harmonic Oscillation of Helical springs-parallel and series connection of spring

2. Measuring moments of inertia of different bodies disc-Hollow of Solid cylinder
3. Measurement of the speed of sound in air
4. Coherence & width of spectral lines
5. Diffraction intensity at slit of double slit system
6. Stephen-Boltzmanns law of Radiation
7. Characteristics curve of a solar cell
8. Magnetic field of paired coils in Helmoltz coils

PHY203 BasicElectronics 3 IV
Year Discipline
2 Physics
Circuit Analysis: Network theorems, AC circuit analysis using the j operator.

Semiconductor Devices and Applications: The pn junction diode, Rectifier circuits,
Clippers, Clampers, Voltage multipliers.
Bipolar Junction Transistor and Its Biasing: Basic transistor configurations, The dc biasing
circuits and bias stabilization.
Field Effect Transistor and FET DC Biasing:
The depletion-mode JFET, The depletion-mode MOSFET, The enhancement-mode FET, The
dc biasing circuits and bias stabilization.
Bipolar Junction Transistor Models: The rC model, The hybrid equivalent model, Graphical
determination of h-parameters, Variation of transistor parameters.
BJT Small-Signal Analysis: The CE fixed-bias, self-bias and voltage-divider amplifiers, The
emitter follower, The CB amplifier, Complete hybrid equivalent model.
FET Small-Signal Analysis: The JFET fixed bias, self-bias, voltage-divider and source-
follower amplifiers.
Books Recommended:
1. Basic Electronics by B. Grob, 8th Edition, Glencoe-McGraw-Hill, New York, NY
(USA), 2002.
2. Introductory Circuit Analysis by Robert L. Boylestad, 6th Edi., Merril Publ. Co.
Columbus, Ohio (USA) 1990.
3. Electronic Devices by Thomas L. Floyd: 5th Edition Prentice-Hall Inter. Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, (USA), 1999.
4. Electronic Principles by Albert P. Malvino, 5th Edition Glencoe-McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York (USA) 1993.
5. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits by Robert T. Paynter, Prentice-Hall
Intern. Inc. Upper Saddle River N.Y. USA, 1997
6. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory by Robert Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky 6th
Edition, Prentice-Hall International, Inc., (USA), 1996
7. Electronic Devices and Circuits, by Theodre F. Bogart, Jr. 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall,
Upper Saddle River, NJ (USA) 1997.
8. Electronic Circuits and Systems, by J. D. Ryder, Charles M. Thomson, Prentice-Hall
Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (USA) 1976.

PHY204 GeneralPhysicsLabII 2 IV
Year Discipline
2 Physics
Interference of light Fresnel Biprism

Measurement of wavelengths of sodium light, difference of wave lengths and thickness of
thin film e.g. mica using Michelson interferometer.
The determination of Cauchys constants using spectrometer.
Determining the modulus of elasticity.
Investigating the Fourier transforms: simulation of the Fourier analysis and synthesis.
Determining resistances using a Wheatstone bridge.

PHY211 PhysicsIII(Electricity&Magnetism) 3 III
Year Discipline
Electrostatics
Electric Charge; Conductors and Insulators; Vector form of coulombs law.
Electric Field
Electric field of continuous charged stribution; Point charge in an electric field; Dipole in an
electric field. Gausss Law; Application of Gausss Law (Integral Form).
Electric Potential
Calculating the field from the potential; Capacitors and dielectrics; Capacitor with dielectric.
Electric Current
Electric Current; Ohms Law; Energy transfer in the electric circuit; Semiconductors; Super
conductor.
DC Circuits
Calculating the current in a single loop, multiple loops; voltages at various elements of a
loop; RC circuits.
Magnetism Magnetic Field Effects
Magnetic field, B. Magnetic force on a charged particle magnetic force on a charged particle
magnetic force on a current; Torque on a current loop; Magnetic dipole.
Amperes Law
Biot-Savart Law; Amperes Law.
Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Faradays Law; Lenzs Law; Motional E.M.F. Induced electric fields.
Magnetic Properties of Matter
Gauss Law for Magnetism; Origin of Atomic and Nuclear magnetization; Magnetic
Materials.
Inductance
Inductance; LR Circuits; Energy stored in magnetic field; Electromagnetic; Oscillation.
Alternating Current Circuits
Alternating Current; Single loop RLC circuit; Power in a.c. circuits; Transformer.
Maxwells Equations
Summarizing ht electromagnetic equation; Induced magnetic fields & displacement current;
Maxwells equations.
Electromagnetic Waves
Generating an electromagnetic wave; Traveling waves and Maxwells equation; Energy
transport and the Poynting Vector.
Electronics
Semiconductor materials; Junction diode; Transistor; Transistor, biasing; Transistor as an
amplifier; Amplification with feedback; Oscillators; Logic Gates
Recommended Books:
York.
New York.
3. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young,

Addison Wesley, Reading (MA), USA.

PHY212 PhysicsLabIII(Electricity&Magnetism) 1 III
Year Discipline
1. Measurement of resistance using a neon flash bulb and condenser
2. I-H Curve by Magnetometer
3. Conversion of a Pointer Galvanometer into a voltmeter
4. Conversion of a Pointer Galvanometer into an ammeter
5. Calibration of a meter and voltmeter by potentiometer
6. Low resistance by Carey Foster bridge
7. Charge sensitivity of a ballistic galvanometer taking into account Logarithmic decrement
8. Comparison of capacities by ballistic galvanometer
9. Determination of temperature coefficient of a resistance
10. Measurement of magnetic field by fluxmeter or by search coil method.
11. Measurement of H by earth inductor.
Recommended Books:
York.
New York.
Reading (MA), USA.

PHY213 PhysicsIV(ConceptsofModernPhysics) 3 IV
Year Discipline
Quantum Physics:
Thermal Radiations (Black body radiation); The quantization of Energy; The Photoelectric
effect; Einsteins photon theory; The Compton effect; Line Spectra.
Wave Nature of Matter:
Wave behavior of particles; Testing De Broglies hypothesis; Waves, Wave packets and
particles; Heisenbergs uncertainty principle (HUP); Wave Function; Schrdinger Equation.
States and Energy Levels:
Trapped Particles and Probability; Densities; The correspondence principles; Dual nature of
matter (waves & particles)
Atomic and Nuclear Physics Atomic Structure of Hydrogen:
Bohrs Theory; Angular Momentum of Electrons; Electron Spin; X-ray Spectrum; X-Ray &
Atomic number; Development of periodic table; Laser.
Nuclear Physics:
Discovering the nucleus; Some nuclear properties; Radioactive decay; Alpha decay; Beta
decay; Measuring ionizing radiation (Units); Natural Radioactive; Nuclear Reactions; Energy
from the nucleus; Nuclear fission; Nuclear Reactors; Thermonuclear Fusion (T.N.F.);
Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion.
Practical Paper:
Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Sound, Optics and Electricity or Magnetism:
Special theory of Relativity:
Trouble with classical Mechanics; Postulates of Relativity; The Lorentz Transformation
inverse transformation Consequences of Lorentz transformation; Relativistic momentum;
Relativistic energy.
Recommended Books:
York
New York.
Reading (MA), USA.

PHY214 PhysicsIV(ConceptsofModernPhysics) 1 IV
Year Discipline
1. Variation of photo-electric current with the intensity of light
2. Measurement of Plancks constant using spectrometer
3. Determination of e.m. of electron by deflection method
4. Determination of ionization potential of mercury
5. Acceptor circuit
6. Rejecter circuit
7. Characteristic curves of G.M. Counter
8. Setting up half and full wave rectifiers and the study of the waveshape on oscilloscope
effect of smoothing circuit on ripple voltage.
9. To set up a transistor as an oscillator and to measure its frequency by an oscilloscope
10. Triode valve as a single stage voltage amplifier and measurement of its gain by an
oscilloscope
11. To draw the characteristics of a semi-conductor diode.
12. Setting up a single stage transistor amplifier and measurement of voltage gain
13. Determination of range of Alpha Particles
14. Stopping power for alpha particles in air equivalent of Mica, Ag, Cu and Al.
15. Absorption coefficient of Beta-particles, using and End-on-Geiger Counter
16. To study the voltage current characteristics of an electric Discharge in gases at low
pressures
17. Production of vacuum and its rought measurement with a monometer
18. Production of X-rays and the demonstration of their effect on a fluorescent screen.
19. To set up a High-Frequency Oscillator and measure its frequency, with a wave meter.
Recommended Books:
York.
New York.
Reading (MA), USA.

PHY301 ClassicalMechanics 3 V
Year Discipline
3 Physics
Historical development of classical mechanics, Newtonian mechanics and its limitations,
Lagrangian formulation in generalized coordinates, calculus of variation, Hamiltons
principle, Lagranges equation, space time symmetries and conservation laws, homogeneity
and isotropy, cyclic coordinates, integrals of motion.
Central force, two-body central problem, Keplers problem, planetary orbits and their
equations, perturbation of orbits.
Legendres transformation, Hamiltonian and Hamiltons equations of motion, Routhian,
configuration space, phase space and state space.
Canonical transformations and their properties, canonical transformation of the free particle
Hamiltonian, Poisson brackets and their properties, Poissons theorems, invariance of
Poissons brackets under canonical transformations.
Books Recommended:
1. Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1950.
2. Mechanics by L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, , Pergamon ,Oxford. 1960.
3. Classical Mechanics by J. W. Leech Methuen and Co. Ltd., London, 1958.
4. Classical Mechanics by V. D. Barger and M. G. Olsson, McGraw-Hill, New York,
1995.
5. Analytical Mechanics by L. N. Hand and J. D. Finch, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1998.

PHY302 MathematicalMethodsofPhysicsI 3 V
Year Discipline
3 Physics
Vectors, divergence theorem, Greens theorem, Stokess theorem, curvilinear coordinates,
orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, gradient in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, divergence
and curl in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, Laplacian, spherical polar coordinates.
Complex numbers, Eulers formula, De Moivres theorem, elementary functions, analytic
functions of complex variables, Cauchy-Riemann equation, harmonic functions, complex
integration, Cauchys theorem, Cauchys integral formula, Taylor and Laurent series,
Contour integrals, singularities and residues, residue theorem, poles on the real axis, branch
points and integrals of multivalued functions.
Tensors, coordinate transformation, rank of a tensor, covariant and contravariant tensors,
Tensor algebra, metric tensor, Christoffel symbols, equation of geodesic, Riemann tensor.
Books Recommended:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, Wiley, New York, 1999.
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists by G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, A. Press,
New York, 1995.
3. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson and
S. J. Bence, ambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
4. Complex Variable by Murray R Spiegel, Schaums outlines series, McGraw Hill
1974.

PHY303 SolidStatePhysicsI 3 V
Year Discipline
3 Physics
Crystal structure, periodic arrays of atoms, fundamental types of lattices, index system for
crystal planes, simple crystal structures, direct imaging of atomic structure, non-ideal crystal
structures, reciprocal lattice, Diffraction of waves by crystals, scattered wave amplitude,
Brillouin zones, Fourier analysis of the basis, quasi crystals, crystal binding and elastic
constants, crystals of inert gases, ionic crystals, covalent crystals, metals, hydrogen bonds,
analysis of elastic strains, elastic compliance and stiffness constants, elastic waves in cubic
crystals.
Vibrations of crystals with monatomic basis, two atoms per primitive basis, quantization of
elastic waves, phonon momentum, inelastic scattering by phonons, Phonon heat capacity,
anharmonic crystal interactions, thermal conductivity, electronic heat capacity.
Noncrystalline solids, diffraction pattern, glasses, amorphous ferromagnets and
semiconductors
Books Recommended:
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1996.
2. Solid State Physics by Neil W. Ashcroft, N. David Mermin, CBS Publishing Asia Ltd.
1987.
3. Solid State Physics by J. S. Blakemore, Cambridge University Press, 1991.

PHY304 ElectronicDevicesandCircuits 4 V
Year Discipline
3 Physics
BJT and FET Frequency Response: General Frequency Considerations, Low-frequency

analysis-Bode Plot, Low-frequency Response in BJT and FET Amplifiers, The Miller effect,
High-frequency Response in BJT and FE amplifiers, Multistage Effects.
Negative Feedback and Oscillator Circuits: Feedback Concepts, Feedback Types, Practical
Feedback Circuits, Oscillator Operation, Phase-shift Oscillator, Colpitts and Hartley
Oscillator, Armstrong Oscillator, Wien Bridge Oscillator, Crystal Oscillator. Astable
Multivibrator, Monosatble Multivibrator, Bistable Multivibrator, Schmitt-trigger circuit.
Power Amplifiers: Class A, Class B and Class C Amplifiers, Class AB Amplifier, Other
Power Amplifier Circuits, Power Transistor and Heat Sink.
Operational Amplifiers: Differential Amplifier Circuit, Inverting and Non-inverting
configuration, frequency response operational amplifier, OPAM Basics, Practical OPAM
Circuits, Constant-gain Amplifier, Voltage Summing,Voltage Buffer.
Power Supplies: Capacitor Filter, -Filter, -R Filter, Discrete Transistor Voltage Regulation,
Regulation by Zener Diode.
Special Diodes: Varactor, Light Emitting Diode, Zener Diode, Photodiode, Tunnel Diode,
Shockley Diode, SCR, Light-activated SCR, Diac, Triac, Unijunction Transistor, LCD.
Introduction to Digital Electronics: The Number Systems, combinational and sequential
systems, adder circuits and flip-flops.
Books Recommended:
1. Electronic Devices by Thomas L. Floyd: 5th Edition Prentice-Hall Inter. Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, (USA), 1999.
2. Electronic Principles by Albert P. Malvino, 5th Edition Glencoe-McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York (USA) 1993.
3. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits by Robert T. Paynter, Prentice-Hall
Intern. Inc. Upper Saddle River N.Y. USA, 1997
4. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory by Robert Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky 6th
Edition, Prentice-Hall International, Inc., (USA), 1996
5. Electronic Devices and Circuits, by Theodre F. Bogart, Jr. 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall,
Upper Saddle River, NJ (USA) 1997.
6. Electronic Circuits and Systems, by J. D. Ryder, Charles M. Thomson, Prentice-Hall
Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (USA) 1976.
7. Digital Technology by Louis Nashesky, John Wiley and Sons, New york (USA),
1983.
8. Digital Fundamentals by Thomas L. Floyd, #rd Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs (USA), 1986.
9. Digital Systems by Ronald J.Tocci, Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood Cliffs
(USA), 1995.

PHY305 QuantumMechanicsI 3 V
Year Discipline
3 Physics
Quantum Mechanics of One dimensional Problems: Review of concepts of classical

mechanics, State of a system, Properties of one dimensional potential functions, Functions
and expectation values, Dirac notation and Hermitian operators, Solutions of Schrodinger
equations for free particles, The potential carrier problems, The linear harmonic Oscillator.
Formalism of Quantum Mechanics: The state of a system, Dynamical variables and operators,
Commuting observable, Heisenberg Uncertainty relations, Time evaluation of a system,
Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures, Symmetry principles and conservation laws.
Angular Momentum: Orbital angular momentum, Angular momenta, The eigenvalues and
eigen functions of L and Lz.
Schrodinger Equation in Three Dimensions: Separation of Schrodinger equation in cartesian
coordinates, Central potentials, The free particle, three dimensional square well potential, The
hydrogenic atom, Three dimensional square well potential, The hydrogenic atom.
Books Recommended:
1. Introductory Quantum Mechanic by B.H. Bransden & C.J. Joachain, Longman
Scientific & Technical London, 1990.
2. A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics by J.S. Townsend, McGraw Hill Book
Company, Singapore, 1992.
3. An Introduction Quantum Mechanics by W.Greiner, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Massachusetts, 1980.
4. Introductory Quantum Mechanics by R.L. Liboff, Addison Wesley Publishing
5. Theory of Quanta by Bialynicki-Birula, M. Cieplak & J.Kaminski, Oxford University
Press, New York, 1992.
6. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by W.Greiner, Springer Veriag, Berlin, 1990.
7. Quantum Mechanics by F. Schwable, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1992.

PHY306 PhysicsLabIII(ModernPhysics) 4 V
Year Discipline
3 Physics
1. Determining the specific Heat of Solids

2. To determine the characteristic of G. M. tube and measure the range and maximum
energy of particles.
3. Characteristics of G.M. counter and study of fluctuations in random process.
4. Determining velocity of viscous fluids using a falling-ball viscometer.
5. Determining the specific heats of solids.
6. Measuring magnetic field of (i) a straight conductor and (ii) a pair of coils in the
Helmholtz configuration.

PHY307 MathematicalMethodsofPhysicsII 3 VI
Year Discipline
3 Physics
Special functions, Hermite polynomial, Legendre and associate Legendre polynomial,

Laguerre polynomial, Bessel function, Neumann function, Hankel function, Modified and
spherical Bessel function, Gamma function, error function.
Fourier series, cosine and sine series, change of interval, Fourier integral, complex form of
Fourier series, Fourier transform, Fourier transform of derivatives, convolution theorem,
Laplace transform, Laplace transform of derivatives, applications of Fourier and Laplace
transforms.
Boundary value problem in physics, boundary value problems and series solution, the Sturn-
Liouville problem, non-homogeneous boundary value problem and Greens function, Greens
function for one-dimensional problem, eigenfunction expansion of Greens function, Greens
function in higher dimensions, Greens function for Poissons equation, quantum mechanical
scattering problem.
Book Recommended:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, Wiley, New York, 1999.
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists by G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, A Press, New
York, 1995.
3. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson and
S. J. Bence, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

PHY308 SolidStatePhysicsII 3 VI
Year Discipline
3 Physics
Energy levels in one dimension, effect of temperature on the Fermi-Dirac distribution, free
electron gas in three dimensions, heat capacity of the electron gas, experimental electrical
resistivity of metals, umklapp scattering, motion in magnetic fields, Hall effect, thermal
conductivity of metals, ratio of thermal to electrical conductivity, nanostructures.
Nearly free electron model, origin of the energy gap, magnitude of the energy gap, Bloch
functions, wave equation of an electron in a periodic potential, crystal momentum of an
electron, solution of the central equation, empty lattice approximation, approximate solution
near a zone boundary, number of orbital in a band, metals and insulators.
Band gap, equation of motion, effective mass, physical interpretation of the effective mass,
effective masses in semiconductors, silicon and germanium, intrinsic carrier concentration,
intrinsic mobility, impurity conductivity, donor states, acceptor states, thermal ionization of
donors and acceptors, thermoelectric effects, semimetals, superlattices.
Books Recommended:
1. Solid State Physics by Blakemore: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
2. Solid State Physics by Neil W. Ashcroft and David Mermin: CBS Publ. Co. 1987.
3. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle 7th Edition: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
1996.

PHY309 QuantumMechanicsII 3 VI
Year Discipline
3 Physics
Matrix Mechanics: Linear vector space, orthogonal systems, linear transformations, matrices,
change of basis, Hilbert space, Dirac Notation, matrix representation, diagonalization,
examples.
Identical Particles and Second Quantization: Indistinguishability of identical particles,
Systems of identical particles, Quantum dynamics of identical particle systems. Angular
momenta and spin 1/2 boson operators,
Approximate Methods: Time independent perturbation theory for non degenerate levels, The
variational method, The WKB approximation, Time dependent perturbation theory.
The Theory of Scattering: Scattering experiments and cross sections, Potential scattering, The
method of partial waves, The Bom approximation.
Books Recommended:
1. Introductory Quantum Mechanic by B.H. Bransden & C.J. Joachain, Longman
Scientific & Technical London, 1990.
2. A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics by J.S. Townsend, McGraw Hill Book
Company, Singapore, 1992.
3. An Introduction Quantum Mechanics by W.Greiner, Addison Wesley Publishing
4. Introductory Quantum Mechanics by R.L. Liboff, Addison Wesley Publishing
5. Theory of Quanta by Bialynicki-Birula, M. Cieplak & J.Kaminski, Oxford University
Press, New York, 1992.
6. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by W.Greiner, Springer Veriag, Berlin, 1990.
7. Quantum Mechanics by F. Schwable, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1992.

PHY310 DigitalElectronics 3 VI
Year Discipline
3 Physics
Number Systems: Binary, octal, hexadecimal number system, conversion of different

systems, Digital codes.
Implementations of Logic Functions by Logic Gates:
Boolean algebra, logic gates and their application in logic design, Karnaugh maps and its use
in some design problems, code converter logic design.
Analog to Digital Conversion: Digital to analog conversion, converter Specifications.
Synchronous Logic: Sequential logic, Flip Flops; R-S, T, D, Master-Slave J-K Flip Flop,
basic binary ripple counter, modulus counters, parallel and up-down counter application as
digital time (clock), arithmetic functions, shift registers, semi-conductor memory,
programmable logic devices, (GAL, PAL).
Digital Computer: Concept of computer system
Books Recommended:
1. Introduction to Digital Computer Technology by Mashelsky (Wiley),
2. Pulse Digital and Switching Wave forms by Millman and Taub (McGraw-Hill)
3. Electronic and Radio Engineering by F.E. Terman McGraw-Hill.

PHY311 ComputationalPhysicsI 3 VI
Year Discipline
3 Physics
Physics problems solving using Numerical methods, Euler-Newton method for solving
differential equations, the trapezoidal rule for numerical quadrature and applications of
random number, brownian motion, solution of integral equations, linear algebra, solution of
linear algebraic equations, sorting and curve fitting.
Programming techniques in practical applications to advanced Physics problems.
Introduction to simulation techniques and computer graphics, use of computation and
computer graphics to simulate the behavior of complex Physical systems, computational
techniques in investigating and visualizing fundamental physics, scientific packages,
introduction to Scientific work bench for problem solving in electronics.
Books Recommended:
1. Computational Physics by J.M. Thijssen, CUP (1999).
2. Computational Methods in Physic, Chemistry and Biology by P.Harrison, John Willey
and Sons (2001).
3. A First Course in Computational Physics by Paul L. Devries, John Willey and Sons.
N.Y. (1994).
4. Computational Physics by Henry J. Gardner, World Scientific, Singapore (1997).
5. Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing by William H. Press, Brian P.
Flannery, Saul A. Teukolsky, and William T. Vetterling Cambridge University Press,
(1988).
6. Mathematica for Physics: Robert L. Zimmerman Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, 1994.

PHY312 PhysicsLabIV(Electronics) 4 VI
Year Discipline
3 Physics
The students will have to perform at least EIGHT experiments from the list given below:
1. Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output without and with a capacitor filter.
2. Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output with a -filter.
3. Design a regulated power supply using Zener diode and study its regulation.
4. Design clipper and clamping circuits and study the output waveshapes.
5. Design circuits for logic gates (NOT, OR, NOR, AND, NAND, XOR) using discrete
components.
6. Design differentiator and integrator circuits and study output waveshapes.
7. Design a CE amplifier and study its frequency response. Determine its low- and upper-
limit frequencies and also the bandwidth.
8. Design an emitter amplifier and determine its input and output impedance.
9. Design an RC phase-shift oscillator and determine its frequency by Lissajous figures.
10. Design an astable multivibrator and determine its frequency.
11. Design a transformer-coupled class A power amplifier and determine its ac power
delivered to the load and percent efficiency.
BS(4Ye
ears)forA
AffiliatedCo
olleges
Code Subjecct Title C Hrs

Cr. Sem
mester
PHY-4011 STATISTIC
CAL MECHA
ANICS 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Classical statistical mechanics,

m phase space description of physical systems, maacro systemss and
microsysttems, ensemb bles, entropyy in statisticcal mechanics, micro canonical
c enssemble, canoonical
ensemble,, grand canon nical ensemblee, diatomic molecules,
m heaat capacities of
o diatomic gaasses and crysstals.
Quantum statistics, baasic concept of quantum statistics, Paauli exclusionn principle, Bose-Einstein
B n and
Fermi-Dirrac distributioons, frequenccy spectrum of a black boody and Planncks radiatioon law, Liouvvilles
theorem, equality
e of prrobability forr the perfect gas,
g energy diistribution of conduction electrons
e in metals,
m
degree off gas degeneerations, com mpletely degennerate Fermii-Dirac gas, concept of fluctuations,
f B
Bose-
Einstein condensation,
c introduction to density maatrix approachh.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. E
Elementary Sta atistical Physsics by C. Kitttle John Wileey, New Yorkk, 1958.
2. Fundamentals
F of Statisticall and Thermaal Physics byy R. Reif McGraw-Hill Edducation - Euurope;
Jaanuary 1, 19665.
3. Modern
M Physiccs An Introduucing to its Mathematical
Ma L
Language by William A. Blanped.
B
4. Sttatistical Phyysics by A.J. Pointon,
P publiisher Longmaan, 1967.
BS(4Years)forrAffiliatedColleges
Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Sem

mester
PHY-402 CLASSIC CAL ELECT TRODYNAMMICS-I 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Equation of Poisson and Laplacee, applicationns of Laplacees equation to problemss (conductorss and
dielectricss) having sp
pherical cylinndrical and Cartesian
C sym
mmetry, elecctrical imagess (conductorss and
dielectricss).
Electric Current:
C Natu
ure of the currrent, currentt density and equation of continuity, Ohms
O law, steady
s
current inn media without sources off e.m.f., approoach to electroostatic equilibbrium.
Magnetic induction, foorce on curreent carrying conductors,
c B
Biot-Sawart laaw, Amperess circuital law
w, the
magnetic vector and sccalar potentialls, the magnetic field of a distant
d circuitt.
Magnetic Properties off Matter: Magnetisation, vectors
v M andd H producedd by magnetizzed materialss field
equation, boundary con
nditions on thhe field vectorrs.
Maxwells Equations and
a their Appplications: Maaxwells equaations and the generalizatioon of the Ampperes
law, elecctromagnetic energy, vecctor and scalar potentials, gauge traansformationss (Lorentz gauge,
g
coulombss guage), pressure of radiattions.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Classical Electrodynamics by
C b Jackson, Wiley,
W 1975.
2. E
Electricity andd Magnetism byb W. J. Dufffin, McGraw--Hill, 1990.
3. E
Electromagnet tism by I.S. Grant
G and W. R.
R Phillips Wiley,
W 1990.
4. Inntroduction to
o Electrodynaamics by D. Griffiths
G Prenttice Hall, 19889.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-403 N
NUCLEAR P
PHYSICS-I 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Basic Properties of Nu
ucleus: Size annd mass of thhe nucleus, nuuclear spin, magnetic
m dipolle moment, ellectric
quadrupolle moment, parity and nucclear statisticss.
Detectors: Passage off charged particles throuugh matter, ionisation chamber, c proportional counter,
scintillatioon counter, seemi-conductoor detector, em
mulsion technnique, bubble chamber, Parrticle Accelerrators:
Linear andd orbital acceelerators, Vann de Graff, bettatron, synchrrocyclotorn, proton
p synchrrotoron.
Radio-Acctive Decay: Theory

T of alppha decay, annd explanation of observedd phenoma, measurement
m of -
netic lense sppectrometer, Fermi theoryy of -decay, neutrino hyppothesis, theoory of
ray energgies, the magn
gamma deecay, multipoolarity of gam
mma-rays, nuclear isomerism m.
Nuclear Forces:
F Yukaw
wa theory, prroton-proton and neutron--proton scatteering, charge independencce and
spin depeendence of nuclear
n force, isotopic sppin, Nuclear Models: Liqquid drop moodel, shell model,
m
collectivee model.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. N
Nuclei and parrticles by E. Serge,
S 1980.
2. A Text Book off Nuclear Phyysics by C.M..H. Smith, Perrgamon Presss Oxford, 19666.
3. N
Nuclear Physiccs by I. Kaplaan, Addison-W Wesley, 19800.
4. Inntroductory Nuclear
N Physiics by Krane, 1980.
5. C
Concepts of Modern
M Physiccs by Beiser, 1980.
1
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-404 RELAT TIVITY AND D COSMOLO
OGY 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Special Relativity,
R Galilean
G relattivity, conceept of ether,, Michelson--Morley experiment, Eissteins
postulatess of special relativity,
r Loorentz transfoormations, strructure of spaacetime, Minnkowski spaccetime
tensors, thhe light-conee, line elemennt, four-vectoors, relativity of simultaneeity, time dilaation, proper time,
length conntraction, twiin paradox, velocity
v transformation annd velocity adddition. Relattivistic Mechanics,
Force equuation in relativity, rest maass, kinetic annd total energyy, conservatioon of energy and
a momentuum.
Elements of Tensor Calculus:

C Mannifolds and cooordinates, cuurves and surrfaces, tensorr fields, geoddesics,
Riemann tensor, metricc tensor, Einssteins tensor.
General Relativity:
R Prrinciples of general relattivity, equatioon of geodessics deviationn, Einsteins field
equations.
Cosmologgy: Newtonian
n cosmology,, cosmologicaal redshift, Huubbles law, microwave
m baackground, thhe Big
Bang, FRW metric.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. D
Dynamics and d Relativity, byy W. D. McC Comb, OxforddUniversity Prress, 1999.
2. Inntroduction to
o Cosmology,, J. V. Narlikaar, CambridgeeUniversity Press,
P 1989.
3. Inntroducing Eiinsteins Relaativity, R. DInnverno, Oxfoord Universityy Press, 1992..
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-405 MEDICA AL PHYSIC CS-I (THEOR
RY) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Interactionns of lonisinng Radiationn with Mattter: Introducttion; Beta-raays, range-ennergy relationnship,

mechanism m of energy loos,
l lonizatioon and excitattion, Bremssttrahlung, Alpha-rays, Rangg-energy relation
ship, Eneergy transfer, Gamma-rayys, exponentiaal absorptionn, interaction mechanismss, Pair produuction,
Compton scattering, photoelectriic absorptioon, photodisintegration, Combined effect, Neuutrons,
Productioon classificatio
on, interactionn, Scattering,, Absorption.
Radiotherrapy: Introduuction, The development

d of radiotheraapy, Radiotheerapeutic aim
ms, External beam
therapy, Brachytherap
B py, Unsealed source theraapy, Requirem ments for acccuracy and precision, Quality
assurancee, The role of medical physsics.
Medical Imaging:
I Diagnostic X-rayys, Production of X-rays, Absorption of o x-ray to otther planes, Partial
P
volume effect, Artifaccts, Contrast agents in connventional raadiography annd CT, Diagnostic Ultrassound,
Doppler effect, Radio onuclide imaaging, positrron emissionn tomographyy (PET), Magnetic resonnance
imaging (MRI), Contraast agents for MRI.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Intrroduction to Health
H Physicss by Herman Cember. 3rdEd.
E McGraw Hill, H New Yorrk, 1996.
2. Thwwaits, Radiothherapy Physiccs by sssJ.R. Williams,
W D.I ,OxfordUniversity Press, New
N York, 19993.
3. Diaggnostic Imag ging, by Peteer Armstrong and Martin L. 4th Ed., Blackwell
B Sciience Ltd. Oxxford,
1998.
4. Raddiologic Sciennce of Technologists by Steewart C. Bushhong , 5th Ed. Mosby, 1993.
5. Funndamentals off Radiation Dosimetry, by J. J R. Greeninng, 2nd Ed. Addam Hilger Ltdd., Bristol 1985.
6. Raddiation Detecttion and Meassurement, by Knol G.F., 2nd n
Ed. Willey, New York, 1980.
7. Presss Health Phyysics by Dathren, Pergamoon.
8. Phyysics of Mediccal Imaging, by
b Edwin G.A A.Aird, Heinemann, 1988.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-406 MEDICA AL PHYSIC CS-II (LAB) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Students are
a required tot study the functioning
f annd data analyysis obtained from variouss machines ussed in
nuclear medicine
m and medical
m physiics. The studeents have to work
w in some hospitals wheere these macchines
are availaable. The list of these machhines is as unnder:
1. X-rayy Machine
2. Electrro Cardiograpph
3. Gamm ma Camera
4. Mamm mography Maachine
5. Varioous Machines used in Radiootherapy
The studeents will have also to learn handling of radioactive
r m
material in diffferent hospitaals.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-407 P
PARTICLE P
PHYSICS-I 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Particle Classification:
C Quantum nuumbers, leptonns, hadrons, baryons,
b mesoons, quarks.
The Funddamental Interractions: The electromagnnetic couplingg, the strong coupling,

c the weak
w couplingg.
Symmetryy Transformaation and Connservation Law ws: Translatiion in space, rotation
r in sppace, the grouup SU
(2), systeems of identiical particless, parity, isosspin charge conjugation, time reversaal, G parity, CPT
theorem.
The Electtromagnetic Field:

F Gaugee invariance anda Maxwellls equations,, polarizationn and photon spin,
angular momentum,
m paarity and C paarity of the phhoton.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. N
Nuclear and Particle
P Physiccs by Burcham m, E. E. and Jobes,
J M., Loongman, (19995).
2. Inntroduction to
o Nuclear andd Particle Phyysics by Das, A. and Ferbeel, T., Johan Wiley
W and Sonns,
(11994).
3. Concepts
C article Physiccs by Gottfried, K. and Weeisskopt, F., Vol.
of Pa V 1, Oxfordd University Press,
P
(11986).
4. Inntroduction off elementary Particles
P by Griffiths,
G D., John Wiley and
a Sons, (1987).
5. Nuclear
N and Particle
P Physiccs by Williamms, W.S.C., Oxford
O Univerrsity Press, (1995).
6. A Modern Intrroduction to Particle
P Physiics by Fayyazzudding and Riazuddin,
R World Scientifiic,
(11992)
7. Quarks
Q and Leeptons by Hallzen F and Maartin A.D., Wiley,
W (1984).
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-408 PA
ARTICLE PHYSICS-II
P 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
The Kleinn-Gordan Eq quation: Nonn relativistic quantum meechanics, Lorrentz covariaance and 4 vector v
notation, the Klein Go ordon equatioon, the Feynnman-Stuckelbberg interpretation of E < 0 solutionss, non
relativisticc perturbation
n theory (brieef review), ruules for scatteering amplituudes in the Feeynman-Stukeelberg
approach.
The Diracc Equation: Covariant

C m of the Diraac Equation, Dirac -matrrices, conservved current annd the
form
adjoint eqquation, free particle spinnors, anti paarticles, norm
malization of spinors and the completteness
relations, bilinear covaariants, zero mass
m fermion, the two-com mponent neutriino.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Relatvvistic Quantuum Mechanicss by Bjorken, J. D. and Dreell, S. D., McGraw-Hill, (11964) Internattional
Editioon reprinted in
n (1995).
2. Quarkks and Lepton ns by Halzen,, F. and Martiin, A.D., Johnn-Wiley and Sons
S (1984).
3. Quantum Mechaniics by Riazudddin and Fayyyazuddin, Worrld Scientific, (1990).
4. Introdduction to Eleementary Parrticles by Grifffiths, D., Johhn-Wiley and Sons, (1987).
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-409 COMMUNICATION ELEC CTRONICS-I (THEORY
Y) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Amplitude modulation n principles:: Modulationn, AM, FM

M, pulse moddulation, pow
wer relationships,
assignablee frequency spectrum, bannd selection.
AM transmitters: Circu M with pulse width modullation,

uits, high levvel modulationn, double moodulation, AM
low level modulation.
AM radioo receivers an nd transmitteers: Superhetterodyne receeiver, double conversion receivers,

r recceiver
circuits: IF
I Amplifierrs, AM deteectors, autom matic gain coontrol, audioo amplifiers, squelch, recceiver
schematiccs, loudspeakeers, AM stereeo.
Frequencyy Modulation n Principles: Modulated wave, FM radio frequency band, direct d and inndirect
frequencyy modulation (Phase Moduulation), carriier phase in thhe frequency--modulated wave,FM
w deteectors,
stereo FM
M, FM receiveer.
Televisionn: Scanning principles, deflection

d syystems, videoo camera tubbes, video piicture, signall, TV
receiver Front
F end, color TV receiveers.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Electrronic Commu unication by Kennedy

K George, McGraw w Hill, 1992.
2. Electrronic Fundam mentals by Thhomas L. Floyyd, 2nd. Ed., Maxwell-Mac
M cmillan, New w York, 1991.
3. Essenntial of Comm munication Eleectronics by M. M Slurzberg and W. Osterrfield, Nationnal Book
Founddation, Islamaabad, 1991.
4. Introdduction to Linnear Electricaal Circuits annd Electronicss by M. C. Keelly and B. Niichols, John
Wileyy, New York, 1988.
5. Electrronic Circuitss Handbook by b Michael Toooley, BPB Publications,
P N Delhi, 19994.
New
6. Introdduction to Eleectronic Desiggn by F. H. Mitchell
M Jr. annd Mitchell Srr., Prentice Hall, Londonn,
1988.
a Applicatiions by A. P. Malvino and D. P. Leach, 4th Ed., McG
7. Digitaal Principles and Graw Hill, Neew
York,, 1986.
8. Perspectives in com mmunication by U.R. Rao,, Pub. World Scientific, 19987.
9. Digitaal Electronicss By C. E. Strrangio, Prenticce Hall, Londdon, Latest Eddition
10. Digitaal Computer Electronics
E B Malvino A. P. and Brow
By wn J.A., McGrraw Hill Schoool Publishingg
Comppany, 1993.
11. Electrronics for Tod
day by Tom Duncan,
D OxfoordUniversityy Press.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-410 COMMUNIC
C CATION ELE ECTRONIC
CS-II (LAB) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
1. Desiggn and stud dy the application of operational amplifier (ccurrent to voltage v convverter,
Instruumentation am mplifier, bufffer, voltage clamp, integraator, differenttiator, low annd high pass filter,
half wave
rectifieer etc.).
2. Desiggn sinusoidal oscillators annd function geenerators.
3. Desiggn RF transisttor oscillator,, Convert it into
i a transmiitter. detect thhe transmitteed wave by a radio
receivver (both for AM
A & FM).
4. Circuuit study and fault
f finding of
o audio-oscilllator/ commeercial radio annd T.V.
5. Desiggn and constru uct an analog to digital andd digital to annalog converteers using ICss.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-411 ADVANCE ED ELECTRONICS-I (TH
HEORY) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Operationnal amplifierss: Ideal operrational amplifier, differenntial amplifieer, emitter cooupled differrential
amplifier,, offset error and
a voltages//currents, opeerational ampllifier parametters and appliications, frequuency
response of
o operationaal amplifiers.
Combinattional Digitall Circuits andd Systems: Overview

O of number systtem, digital codes
c and cirrcuits,
Arithmetiic circuits, Deecoders/Encodder and multiplexers.
Sequentiaal Logic; Flip--flops, latchess, JK, T and D flip-flops, Master-slave

M flip-flops.
Register and Counterrs; Shift regiisters, ripple and Synchrronous binarry counters, Analog to digital
d
conversioon and digital to analog connversion, convversion errorss.
Memory and program

mmable logic: ROM and RAM,
R memorry decoding, error detection and correection,
PLD, PLA
A and PAL.
Control Logic
L Designn: Microoperaations, shifteer unit, micriiprogrammedd control, AL
LU and contrrol of
microproccessor unit.
CPU addrressing modess: Address fieeld and modess, stack organnization, data transfer instrructions, data
manipulattion instructio
ons, program interrupt. Inpput-output inteerface, designn of a CPU, pipeline
p
processingg.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Inntroduction to
o Digital Commputer Technoology by Masshelsky (Wileey),
2. P
Pulse Digital and
a Switchingg Wave formss by Millman and Taub (M McGraw-Hill)
3. M
Microwave Principles, by Reich-Skalmik
R k-Ordung-Krranss.
4. M
Microwave Meeasurements byb Gingston.
5. E
Electronic andd Radio Enginneering by F.E E. Terman McGraw-Hill.
M
6. Inntegrated Elecctronics by Millman
M and Halkias.
H
7. M
Microprocesso ors (principless and applicaation) 2ndEddiition by Gilmore, (1996).
8. C
Computer Enggineering, Harrdware desiggn by M. Morrris Mano, Preentice Hall (19988)
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-412 ADVANCED D ELECTRO ONICS-II (L
LAB) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
1. Desiggn of a UJT reelaxation osciillator of a varriable frequenncy, measure frequency annd amplitude of the
outpuut.
2. Desiggn RF transisttor oscillator,, Convert it into
i a transmiitter. detect thhe transmitteed wave by a radio
receivver (both for AM
A & FM).
3. Desiggn an invertin ng and non-iinvesting D.C C. amplifier, measuremennt of parametters of a giveen IC
operaational amplififier.
4. Desiggn and stud dy the application of operational amplifier (ccurrent to voltage v convverter,
Instruumentation am mplifier, bufffer, voltage clamp, integraator, differenttiator, low annd high pass filter,
half wave
rectifieer etc.).
5. Desiggn a fixed and d self bias transistor binaryy and triggeriing of binary,, using ICs construct
c and study
RS, JK K (Master slaave), T and D flip-flops.
6. Desiggn and study of o a half and full
f adder witth different Booolean expresssion using IC Cs.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Semmester

PHY-413 MATER RIALS SCIENNCE-I (THE
EORY) 3 VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Introductiion to materiaals; propertiess of the materrials; Types of

o Materials (i)
( metallic materials
m & (ii)) Non
metallic materials);
m Seelection of Materials;
M Bonnds in Solid; Ionic Bondinng, Covalent Bonding, Meetallic
Bonding, Van der Waaals Bonding, Secondary Boonding, & Mix bonding, Effect E of Bondd type on struucture
and propeerties such as density, stabiility, melting point, stiffness and electrical propertiess.
Crystalloggraphy or cry
ystal structuree; The Space of Lattice, Crystal
C system
ms and Brasss Lattice, Prinncipal
Metallic Crystal
C Strucctures, Atom Position in Cubic
C Unit Cells,
C Directioons in Cubic Unit cells, Miller
M
Indices for
fo Crystalloggraphic Planees in Cubic Unit Cells, Crystallograaphic Planes and directioons in
Hexagonaal Unit Cells, Comparisonn of FCC, HCP, H and BC CC Crystal sttructures, Voolume, Planarr, and
Linear Deensity Unit Ceell Calculations, Polymorpphism or Allotropy, Crystaal Structure Analysis.
Non-Metaallic Materials: Compositee Materials, Ceramic

C Materials, Polymeeric Materials, Semi-conduuctor /
Electronicc Materials.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Introoduction to Ph
hysical Metallurgy by S.H..Avner, McGGraw-Hill Boook Comp. Neww York, 19999.
2. Mateerials Sciencee and Engineering and Inttroduction byy W.D. Cluster, John Wileey & Sons (U
USA),
19999.
3. Princciples of Matterials Sciencce and Enginneering by W.F.
W Smith, McGraw-Hill
M Book Comp, New
Yorkk, 1999.
4. Mateerial Science & Metallurgyy by O.P. Khaanna, DhanpaatRai& Sons Delhi,
D 1994.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-414 MATE ERIALS SCIIENCE-II (LA
AB) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Note: Thee students are required to do

d at least ten experiments from the following list:
Classificaation of Materrials,
To claassify the given specimen of materials into

i Metallic materials andd non-metallicc materials
a. Metals
M and allo
oys
b. Ferrous and No
on-Ferrous metals
m
c. Ferrous and No
on-Ferrous allloys
1. Sttudy of furnace (Heat-Treaatment Furnace) and a therrmocouple pyyrometer.

2. Sttudy/understaanding and working of a Metallurgical
M M
Microscope.
3. Sttudy/understaanding and working of a Metallurgical
M M
Microscope.
4. Sttudy the micrrostructure off a given metaals/alloys.
5. T determine the
To t hardness of o a given meetallic materiaal by
a. V
Vickers Hardn ness testing Machine.
M
b. B
Brinell Hardneess Testing Machine
M
c. R
Rockwell Hard dness Testingg Machine.
6. Sttudy the relattionship of Viickers, Brineell and Rockw well hardness of given mateerial.
7. T study the Mechanical
To M Prroperties of a given samplee.
8. T perform meechanical testting of polyethhene.
To
9. T determine heat
To h deflectioon temperaturee of given sam mple of polymmer (Acrylic).
10. T perform theermogravimerrtric analysis of given polyymeric materiials & determ
To mine decompoosition
teemperature.
11. T fabricate ceeramic materiial by slip cassting techniquue.
To
12. T determine the
To t thermal shhock resistancce of the giveen material.
13. T study the thermal
To t changges occurringg in the givenn clays on heeating with differential
d thhermal
annalysis.(for reefractory spallling index).
14. T determine the
To t % age loss of moisture of the given clay.
15. T calculate moisture
To m conteents in the givven sample off ceramics maaterial.
16. T determine the
To t %age watter absorptionn in the given sample of reffractory materrial.
17. T determine the
To t loss in ignnition in the given
g sample of
o clay.
18. T determine the
To t porosity and
a density off a given refraactory materiaal.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-415 BIO
OPHYSICS-II (THEORY
Y) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Nature annd scope of biophysics; Molecular

M Struucture of Biollogical Systemms; Chemicall binding, eneergies
and bondss; Energy tran
nsfer and trannsformation inn photosyntheesis and bioloogical membrranes; Dynammics of
biologicall systems; Fu
undamental concepts of thhermodynamiics, aqueous and a ionic equuilibrium of living
l
cells; Othher biotransp
port processees; Long andd short distaance transporrts; Viscoeleestic propertiies of
biomaterials.
Books Reecommended::
1. Radiation
R Biopphysics by L.AAlpen Edwarrd, Academic Press, (1988)).
2. BiophysicsA
B n Introductioon. John Wileyy and Son, (22002).
3. Molecular
M Biop
physics: Structures in Mottion, OxfordUUniversity Preess UK, (19999).
4. Biophysics
B by Glaser Rowla and (2001). Springer
S Verlaag, Berlin.
5. Biophysical
B Th
hermodynamiics by T. Haynnie Donald, Cambridge,
C U
University Preess UK, (20011).
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-416 BIOP
PHYSICS-III (LAB) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
The studeents are requirred to perform

m the followinng experimennts:
1. Studyy of transport processes in plants

p
2. Studyy of membran ne potential annd redox
3. Studyy of germinatiion and growtth biology maagnetized andd irradiated seeeds
4. Monittoring studiess of body tem
mperature in orrganisms undder stress
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-417 METE
EOROLOGY Y AND CLIMMATOLOGYY-I (THEOR
RY) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Synoptic Meteorology y: Compositioon & structurre of atmospphere, ICAO standard atm mosphere, Weeather
elements, Air mass classification, Thermodynam
T mic characterisstics, Generall Circulation.
Atmospheeric thermod dynamics, Firrst law of thhermodynamiics and enthhalpy, adiabaatic processess and
potential temperature,
t The second law of thermoodynamics, enntropy, therm modynamics off water vapouur and
moist air, thermodynam mic propertiees of the wateer substance, phase transittion of water,, water vapouur and
most air,Clausius-Clap peyronsquation,Aerologiccal diagramss, selection of o coorddinates, choice of
diagram, analysis
a of tephigram.
Methods of Surface Observations
O & Codes: Reeading of rouutine observattions, baromeetric correctioons &
reduction,, reading, setting
s & maintenance
m of thermometers, surfacce codes, Aeronautical
A codes
(Speci&MMetar)
Books Reecommended
d:
1. HHand Book Off Applied Meteeorology by Hougton

H (Pubblisher: Wileyy), 1st Editionn, 1985.
2. Atmospheric Chemistry
C & Global
G Changge by Guy. P. P Brasseur (P Publisher: Oxxford), 1st Eddition,
19999.
3. Sttatistical Anaalysis In Climate Research by Hans Vonnstorch (Publlisher: Cambrridge), 1st Eddition,
20001.
4. Meteorology
M by Moran Morrgan (Publishher: Ma cMilllion), 3rd Ediition, 1991.
5. Climatology
C byy OlixerHidorre (Publisherr: Merrill), 1sst Edition, 19884.
6. Dynamical
D & Physical
P Metteorology by Haltiner&
H Ma
Martin (Publishher: McGraw w Hill), 1st Eddition,
19957.
7. Tropical
Tr Meteeorology by Carlson
C (Pubblisher: The Pennsylvania
P State Univerrsity), 1st Eddition,
19981.
Th Atmospherre by Frederiick K. Lutgenss (Publisher: Prentice Halll), International Edition, 1998.
8. The 1
9. The
Th Status of Climate
C Variaation In Pakisstan & Its Imppact by SMR RC.No.10 SAA ARC Met. Ressearch
C
Centre, 1st Ediition, 2004.
10. Atmospheric Physics
P by J.V
V.Irinarne (Puublisher: D.Reeidel Pub. Coo.), 1st Editionn, 1980.
11. Appplied Climatology by Russsell D. Thom mpson (Publisher: Routledgge), 1st Editioon, 1997.
12. Essentials
Es of Meteorology
M b C. Donald Ahrens (Publlisher: Brookks/Calc), 3rd Edition,
by E 20011.
13. Atmospheric Science
S by Johhn M. Wallacee (Publisher: Academic Prress), 1st Edittion, 1997.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-418 ME
ETEOROLOGY AND CL LIMATOLOOGY-II (LAB
B) 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
The studeents are requirred to do the following

f expperiments:
1. Meann Sea Level Su urface Map Analysis,

A fronttal analysis.
2. Upperr air map analysis, streamlline-isotach annalysis.
3. Analyysis of polar & geostationaary satellite im
mages.
4. Recorrding of obserrvations, windd-vane, anem mometer, anem mograph, hyettograph.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-419 SO
OLID STATE E PHYSICS-II 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Introductiion: The solid

d state problem
m, the Born-O
Oppenheimer approximatioon.
The One-E
Electron App F electron gas model (F
proximation: Free FEG), applicaations of FEG, failure of FE
EG.
Effect of Non-Uniformm Crystal Potential: The Bloch

B wave, thhe reciprocal lattice, the nearly
n free eleectron
model (NF FE) in one-diimension, the concept of ennergy band sttructure, the Fermi
F surfacee, Fermi veloccity in
NFE, Thee Bloch electrron, the conceept of effectivve mass.
Methods ofo Calculatingg Energy Bannd Structures: The LCAO method,

m the APW
A method,, the OPW
method, thhe concept off pseudopotenntials,
Electron Interactions:
I The
T self-conssistent calculaations, the Haartree-Fock eqquation, plane-wave solutiion of
the HF eqquation, problems.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. SolidSState Physics byAshcroft &Mermin,

& (19976).
2. Introdduction to SollidState Physiics, 7thEdditioon,by C. Kittlle, (1996).
3. Elemeentary SolidSState Physics byb M. A. Om mar, (1975).
4. Quantum Theory of the SolidStaatebyj. Callaw way, (1991).
5. Principles of the Theory
T of Solidds byJ. M. Ziman, (1969).
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-421 SOL
LID STATE PHYSICS-III 3 V
VII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Optical Processes and Excitons: Opptical reflectaance, Kramerr-Kronig relattions, example, conductivvity of
collisionleess electron gas, electronn interband transitions,
t e
excitations, F
Frenkelexciton
ns Alkali haalides,
molecularr crystals, weaakly bound (M Mott-Wannier) excitons, exciton condennsation into electron-hole
e drops
(EHD), Raman
R effect in crystals, electron
e specctroscopy witth X-rays, ennergy loss of fast particless in a
solid, sum
mmary.
Supercondductivity:
Experimeental survey, occurrence of o supercondductivity, desstruction of superconduct

s tivity by maggnetic
fields, Meissner effecct, heat capaccity, energy gap, microw wave and infrrared propertties isotope effect,
e
theoreticaal survey, therrmodynamicss of the supercconducting trransition, Lonndon equationn coherence leength,
BCS theory of superco onductivity, BCS
B ground sttate, flux quaantization in a superconduccting ring, durration
of persisttent currents, type II supeerconductors, Vortex stat,, estimation of o Hc1 and Hc2, Single paarticle
tunneling,, Dc Joseph hson effect, Ac Josephsson effect, Macroscopic
M quantum innterference, high-
temperatuure supercond ductors, criticaal fields and critical
c currennts, Hall numbber, fullerenees, summary,
Dielectriccs and Ferroellectrics: Maxw well equationns, polarizatioon, macroscoppic electric fiield, depolarizzation
field, E1, local electricc field at an atom, Lorentz field, E2, field of dipoles inside cavity, E3, diellectric
constant and
a polarizab bility, electroonic polarizabbility, structuural phase traansitions, ferrroelectric cryystals,
classificattion of ferroeelectric crystaals, displacivee transitions, soft optical phonons, Lanndau theory of o the
phase trannsition, seconnd-order transsition, first-orrder transitionn, antiferroelectricity, ferrroelectric dom
mains,
piezoelecttricity, ferroelasticity, optiical ceramics, summary.
Books Reecommended d:
1. SoliddState Physiccs byAshcroft &Mermin, (11976).
2. Introoduction to SolidState
S Phyysics, 7th Edittion,by C. Kitttle, (1996).
3. Elem mentary SoliddState Physicss by M. A. Om
mar, (1975).
4. Quaantum Theoryy of the SolidSStatebyj. Callaaway, (1991)..
5. Prinnciples of the Theory of Solids byJ. M. Ziman,
Z (1969)).
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-422 COMPU UTATIONAL L PHYSICS--II 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Simulation techniques--II , Physics problem

p solviing, Motion of
o falling objeects, Motion in
i single and multi
dimensionnal, programmming techniquues in quantuum mechanics, statistical mechanics
m annd nuclear phhysics,
Numericaal solutions to
o Schrodingerrs equations , Numerical integration
i annd Monte Carrlo Methods.
n, Solution off Linear Algeebraic Equations, Sorting and Curve fittting, Interpolation
Laplace trransformation
and extraapolation, Special Functioons, Differenntiation and Integration
I o functions, Random Nuumber
of
Generatioon and Monte Carlo Integraation, Fourierr Transform Spectral
S Methhods
Books Reecommended
d:
1. C
Computationall Physics by J.M.
J Thijssenn, CUP (1999)).
2. Computational
C l Methods in Physic, Chemistry and Biology
B byP.HHarrison, Johnn Willey andd Sons
(22001).
3. A First Coursee in Computattional Physicss by Paul L. Devries,
D Johnn Willey and Sons.
S N.Y. (1994).
4. Computational
C l Physics by Henry
H J. Garddner, World Scientific,
S Sinngapore (19977).
5. Numerical
N Reccipes: The ArtA of Scientifific Computinng by William m H. Press, Brian
B P. Flannnery,
Saul A. Teukolsky, and Willliam T. Vetteerling Cambriidge Universiity Press, (1988).
6. Mathematica
M for
f Physics: Robert
R mmerman Adddison Wesley Publishing Company,
L. Zim C 19994.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-423 CLASSICAL L ELECTRO ODYNAMICCS-II 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Maxwells Equations and their Applications:

A Greens funnction for timme dependennt wave equuation,
retarded scalar
s and veector potentiaals, radiation from an osciillating dipolee, plane electtromagnetic wave,
w
plane waaves in a conducting
c a
and non-condducting meddia, linear anda circular polarization,, and
superposittion of wav ves in one dimension, boundary conditions, reflection and a refractioon of
electromaagnetic wavess at a plane innterface betweeen dielectriccs, waves polarization by reflection
r andd total
internal reflection,
r m a conductinng medium, covariant foormulation off electrodynaamics,
refflection from
mation laws off electromagnetic fields, the field of a unniformly movving and accellerated electroon.
transform
Plasma Phhysics: Introd
duction, electrrical neutralityy in a plasmaa, particle orbiits and drift motion
m in a plasma,
magnetic mirrors, the hydromagneti
h ic equations, pinch
p effect, plasma oscilllations and waave motion.
Lasers: Black
B body raadiation, Induuced emissionn and the gaiin coefficientt, oscillationss, output couupling,
power and efficiency, optical resonnators, fluctuuation in laserrs, solid statee lasers, opticcal coupling, laser
resonatorss, giant pulsee techniques oscillators-am
o mplifier lasers, power and energy
e suppliies, high repeetition
rate laser,, ruby laser, gas
g laser, sem mi-conductor diode laser, theory of p.nn. junction laser, efficiency and
thresh-holld current of diode
d lasers, applications of
o lasers.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Classical Electrodynamics by
C b Jackson, Wiley,
W 1975.
2. E
Electricity andd Magnetism byb W. J. Dufffin, McGraw--Hill, 1990.
3. E
Electromagnet tism by I.S. Grant
G and W. R.
R Phillips Wiley,
W 1990.
4. Inntroduction to
o Electrodynaamics by D. Griffiths
G Prenttice Hall, 19889.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-424 NUC
CLEAR PHY YSICS-II 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Nuclear Models:
M Liqu
uid drop moddel, shell model, collectivve model. Nuuclear Reactiions: Conservvation
laws of nuclear
n reacttions, Q-value of nuclearr reaction, thhreshold enerrgy, transmuttation by phootons,
protons, deutrons
d and alpha particlees, excited states of nucleuus, energy levvels, level wiidth, Cross seection
from nucllear reactionss, compound nucleus theorry of nuclearr reactions, lim mitations of compound
c nuucleus
theory, resonances, Breeit-Wigner foormula, directt reactions.
Neutron Physics:
P Neuttron sources, radioactive sources,
s photto neutron souurces, chargeed particle souurces,
reactor ass a neutron source,
s slow neutron deteectors, fast neeutron detecttors, slowing down of neuutron,
nuclear fiission, descripption of fissiion reaction, mass distribuution of fissiion energy, average
a numbber of
neutrons released,
r ory of fission and spontaneeous fission.
theo
Thermonuuclear Reactions: Fusion anda thermonuuclear processs, energy releeased in nucllear fusion, carbon
nitrogen & oxygen cyccle, controlledd nuclear fusioon, D-D & D-T reactions.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. N
Nuclei and parrticles by E. Serge,
S 1980.
2. A Text Book off Nuclear Phyysics by C.M..H. Smith, Perrgamon Presss Oxford, 19666.
3. N
Nuclear Physiccs by I. Kaplaan, Addison-W Wesley, 19800.
4. Inntroductory Nuclear
N Physiics by Krane, 1980.
5. C
Concepts of Modern
M Physiccs by Beiser, 1980.
1
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-425 MED
DICAL PHYYSICS-III 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Radiationn Dosimetry: History of Absorbed

A Doose, Stochastiic and Non-sstochastic quuantities, Units for
Absorbedd Dose, Abso orbed Dose Calorimeters,
C Exposure annd its measurrements, The free-air chamber,
Exposure measuremen nt with calibrrated cavity chamber. Thhe concept off Kerma,absoorbed Dose in i air,
Absorbedd dose in otheer Materials, Factors
F conveerting Exposuure to Absorbbed Dose to wake,
w High energy
calibrationns, The Bragg
g-Gray Cavityy theory.
Methods of Dosimetryy: Calorimeteers, lonisationn Chambers, chemical Doosimetry, Thhermoluminescence

Dosimetryy (TLD), Pho
otographic Doosimeter, Scinntillation Deteectors, Other Dosimetric Systems.
Health Physics : Carrdinal princiiples of radiiation protecction, Minim mize time, Maximize
M disttance,
Maximizee shielding, Time,
T Distancee and shieldinng, Maximum m permissible dose, whole--body occupaational
exposure, whole-body y non-occupaational exposure, partial bodyoccupaational exposure, X-rayy and
pregnancyy , Basic rad
diation safety criteria, effeective dose-eqquivalent, allowable limit on intake (A
ALI) ,
inhaled radioactivity,
r derived airr concentratiion, Gastroinntestinal tracct, Basis off radiation safety
s
regulationns.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Introoduction to Heealth Physics by Herman Cember.

C 3rdEdd. McGraw Hill,
H New Yorrk, 1996.
2. Thwaaits, Radiotheerapy Physicss by sssJ.R. Williams,
W D.I ,OxfordUnive
, ersity Press, New
N York, 19993.
3. Diaggnostic Imagiing, by Peterr Armstrong and Martin L. L 4th Ed., Blackwell
B Science Ltd. Oxxford,
19988.
wart C. Bushoong , 5th Ed. Mosby,
4. Radioologic Sciencce of Technoloogists by Stew M 1993.
5. Funddamentals off Radiation Doosimetry, by J.J R. Greeningg, 2nd Ed. Adaam Hilger Ltdd., Bristol 19885.
6. Radiaation Detectioon and Measuurement, by Knol
K G.F., 2ndd Ed. Willey, New York, 1980.
1
7. Heallth Physics byy Dathren, Perrgamon Presss.
8. Physics of Medica al Imaging, byy Edwin G.A.Aird, Heinem mann, 1988.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-426 MEDDICAL PHYSSICS-IV (LA
AB) 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Students are
a required tot study the functioning
f annd data analyysis obtained from variouss machines ussed in
nuclear medicine
m and medical
m physiics. The studeents have to work
w in some hospitals wheere these macchines
are availaable. The list of these machhines is as unnder:
1. X-rayy Machine
2. Electrro Cardiograpph
3. Gamm ma Camera
4. Mamm mography Maachine
5. Varioous Machines used in Radiootherapy
The studeents will have also to learn handling of radioactive
r m
material in diffferent hospitaals.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-427 PA
ARTICLE PH HYSICS-III 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Hadron Sppectroscopy: Formation exxperiments, partial

p wave formalism
f andd the optical theorem,
t the Breit-
B
Wigner reesonance form
mula, baryon resonances,
r p
phase space coonsiderations, production experiments.
e
The Quarrk Model: Th he group SU (3), quarks, hadrons

h (baryyons, mesonss in quark moodel, heave meson
m
spectroscoopy, the quark
konium modeel.
The Standdard Model (qualitative

( trreatment onlyy): Unificatioon of weak annd electromaagnetic interacctions
Glashow-Salam-Weinb berg Model.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Nucleear and Partiicle Physics by

b Burcham, E. E E. and Jobees, M., Longm man, (1995).
2. Introduction to Nuclear
N and Particle
P Physsics by Das, A. and Ferbbel, T., Johann Wiley and Sons,
(19944).
3. Conccepts of Partiicle Physics by
b Gottfried,, K. and Weiisskopt, F., Vol.V 1, OxforrdUniversity Press,
P
(19866).
4. Introduction of eleementary Parrticles by Grifffiths, D., Johhn Wiley and Sons, (1987).
5. Nucleear and Partiicle Physics by
b Williams, W.S.C.,
W OxfoordUniversity Press, (1995).
6. A Moodern Introduuction to Particle Physics by
b Fayyazuddding and Riazzuddin, Worldd Scientific, (1992)
7. Quarrks and Leptoons by Halzenn F and Martinn A.D., Wileyy, (1984).
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-428 PA
ARTICLE PH HYSICS-IV 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Electrodyynamics of spinless particlees: An electrron in an eleectromagneticc field A ,sppinless electtron

muon scaattering, the cross
c section in terms of thhe invariant amplitude M, the decay rate in terms of M,
spinless electron electron scattering, electtron positroon scatteringg: and appliccation of crossing,
invariant variables,
v thee origin of thee propagator.
Electrodyynamics of Sp pin Particlees: An electron interactingg with an eleectromagneticc field A , Moller

M
scatteringg e e t e e , the process e t e , trace thheorems and properties of
- - - - - - - -
o matrices, e --
scatteringg and the proccess e e , helicity conservation at high energiees, survey of e + e - te + e -, +-
+ - + -
, e -- t e -- in the laboratory frrame; kinemaatics relevant to the partoon model, phootons, polarizzation
vectors, more
m on proppagators, the electron proppagator, the photon
p propaggator, massivve vector partticles,
real and virtual
v photonns, Compton scattering e -t e -, pairr annihilationn e+ e-t, thhe + is prescriiption
for propaggators, Eeynm man rules QED D.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Relativistic Quan ntum Mechanics by Bjoorken, J. D. and Drell, S. D., McG Graw-Hill, (1964)
Interrnational Edition reprinted in (1995).
2. Quarrks and Lepto ons by Halzenn, F. and Marttin, A.D., Johhn-Wiley and Sons (1984).
3. Quanntum Mechan nics by Riazudddin and Fayyyazuddin, Woorld Scientificc, (1990).
4. Introoduction to Ellementary Particles by Griiffiths, D., Johhn-Wiley andd Sons, (1987).
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-429 COMM
MUNICATIO ON ELECTRONICS-III (THEORY)
( 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Satellite Communicati
C on: Basic conncept, earth station
s to eartth station viaa satellite, serrvice requirem
ments,
orbits, modulation
m annd multiplexxing, packettiser and deepacketises, special probblems in saatellite
communiccation.
Optical coommunication
n: Introductioon of Optical Fibers, Opticcal sources annd detection optical
o moduulation
techniquees
Digital Communicatio
C on: Spectral analysis
a and filtering theory, communnication channnels, entropyy and
source cooding, data compression
c t
techniques, d
digital radio, spectrum coommunicationn systems, mobile
m
wireless communicatio
c on system.
Communiication princiiples in earthh observationn: Remote seensing, sensoors for opticaal remote sennsing,
remote sensing from sp
pace, environment and agrricultural appllications.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Electtronic Communication by Kennedy Geoorge, McGraw w Hill, 1992.

2. Electtronic Fundamentals by Thomas L. Flooyd, 2nd. Ed., Maxwell-Maacmillan, New w York, 1991.
3. Essential of Com mmunication Electronics by M. Slurrzberg and W. W Osterfieldd, National Book
Founndation, Islammabad, 1991.
4. Introoduction to Linear
L Electriical Circuits and Electronics by M. C. C Kelly andd B. Nichols, John
Wileey, New York k, 1988.
5. Electtronic Circuitts Handbook by Michael Tooley,
T BPB Publications,
P New Delhi, 1994.
1
6. Introoduction to Electronic
E Dessign by F. H. Mitchell Jr. and Mitchelll Sr., Prenticee Hall, Loondon,
19888.
7. Digittal Principless and Applicaations by A. P.
P Malvino annd D. P. Leacch, 4th Ed., McGraw
M Hill,, New
Yorkk, 1986.
8. Persppectives in coommunicationn by U.R. Raoo, Pub. Worldd Scientific, 1987.
9. Digittal Electroniccs By C. E. Sttrangio, Prenttice Hall, Lonndon, Latest Edition
E
10. Digittal Computerr Electronics By Malvino A. P. and Brrown J.A., McGraw M Hill School Publiishing
Commpany, 1993.
oday by Tom Duncan, OxffordUniversityy Press.
11. Electtronics for To
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-430 COM
MMUNICAT TION ELEC CTRONICS-IIV (LAB) 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
1. Desiggn and study of decoder, encoder,

e multtiplexer and demultiplexer
d r circuits and compare the input
outpuut waveforms..
2. To coonstruct and understand
u ann operation of
o arithmetic logic unit annd study of different
d arithhmetic
logic operations.
3. Desiggn and construuct active filteers and study their frequenncy response.
4. Desiggn and constriicta infrared transmitter deetected the traansmitted wavve.
5. Desiggn and constriicta ultrasonicc transmitter and
a receiver.
6. Usingg microprocesssor based traainers and sttudy the micrrove and optiical communiication and coontrol
the innformation fro
om host persoonal computerr.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-431 ADV
VANCED EL LECTRONICS-III (THE
EORY) 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Electronicc Devices (op

peration and characteristics
c s): Tunnel annd IMPATT diodes,
d Quanttum-effect devices,
MESFET and MODFE ET and Hot-E Electron deviices. LED, Gunn,
G and Laaser diodes, photodetector,
p , UJT
and the baasic sweep cirrcuit, circuit to
t generate triiggered sweepp.
Radio com
mmunication:: Production andpropagatio
a on of radio waves,
w direct waves,
w groundd reflected, suurface
wave and space waves, formation of Ionosphericc layer and theeir variations,, skip distancee.
Modulatioon and Detection: AM and a FM moddulation, banndwidth of FM

F signal, Angle
A Modullation,
Vestigial Sideband an nd Single Sideband Modulation, Phase-locked Loop,
L Digitall Communiccation,
transmitteer and superheetrodyne receeiver.
Microwavves: Microwaave spectrum anda radar bannds, properties of microwaves, production of microwwave
(klystron, magnetron, traveling
t wavve oscillator), gunn oscillattor, measurem
ment of microwave power, radar
system.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Introoduction to Digital
D Compuuter Technologgy by Mashellsky (Wiley),
2. Pulse Digital andd Switching Wave
W forms byy Millman andd Taub (McGGraw-Hill)
3. Micrrowave Principles, by Reicch-Skalmik-O Ordung-Kransss.
4. Micrrowave Measu urements by Gingston.
G
5. Electronic and Ra adio Engineerring by F.E. Terman
T McGGraw-Hill.
6. Integgrated Electro
onics by Milllman and Halkkias.
7. Micrroprocessors (principles annd applicatioon) 2ndEddition by Gilmoree, (1996).
8. Commputer Engineeering, Hardw ware design byb M. Morris Mano,
M Prentice Hall (19888)
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-432 ADVANC CED ELECTRONICS-IVV (LAB) 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
1. Synchhronous and asynchronous

a s BCD counteers, Memory shifts register with
w ICs.
2. Frequuency counterr and optionall digital clockk.
3. Circuuit study and fault
f finding of
o stabilized power
p supply,, Audio-oscilllator/ CRO,
multimmeter/commeercial radio annd T.V.
4. Desiggn and construuct an analog to digital andd digital to annalog converteers using ICss.
5. Desiggn and study of decoder, encoder,
e multtiplexer and demultiplexer
d r circuits and compare the input
outpuut waveforms..
6. To coonstruct and understand
u ann operation of
o arithmetic logic unit annd study of different
d arithhmetic
logic operations.
7. To coonstruct and study
s of data storage and retrieval usingg semiconducctor memory and a understannd the
process of fetchingg an instructioon and its opeerand with AL LU.
8. Usingg microprocesssor trainers and study off microprocesssor applicatiion working from f host perrsonal
computer.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-433 MATERIIALS SCIENNCE-III (THE
EORY) 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Constitutiion of alloys: Metallic Soliid Solutions, Solid Solubillity, Phase Diaagrams of Puure Substancess.
Equilibriuum phase diaagrams; Iron-IIron Carbide diagram, Gibbbs Phase Ruule, Binary Isomorphous Alloy
Systems, Binary Eutecctic Alloy Systems, Noneqquilibrium Soolidification of
o alloys, Binnary Eutectic Alloy
Systems, Binary Mono otectic System
ms, Invariant Reactions, Phhase Diagram
ms with Interm
mediate Phasees and
Compounnds, Introductiion to Ternaryy Phase Diaggrams.
Corrosionn: Definition, Types, its dettermination and

a protectionn.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Inntroduction to
o Physical Meetallurgy by S.H.
S Avner, McGraw-Hill
M Book Comp. New York, 1999.
1
2. Materials
M Scieence and Enngineering annd Introductiion by W.D. Cluster, Johhn Wiley & Sons
(UUSA), 1999.
3. Principles
P of Materials
M Scieence and Enggineering by W.F.
W Smith, McGraw-Hill
M Book Comp,, New
Y
York, 1999.
4. Material
M Sciennce & Metalluurgy by O.P. Khanna,
K DhannpatRai& Sonns Delhi, 19994.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-434 MATER RIALS SCIENNCE-IV (LA
AB) 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Note: Thee students are required to do

d at least ten experiments from the following list:
1. To finnd out the corrrosion rate off given specimmen by loss inn weight methhod.
2. To protect metals from
f corrosioon electroplaating &colourring
3. To fabbricate fiber-g
glass reinforcced compositee material by using hand-laay-up techniqque.
4. To deetermine and compare
c the specific
s a non-metalllic materials.
heatss of metallic and
5. To deetermine the plasticity
p of thhe given of clay.
6. To deetermine the effect on plaasticity of thee given sampple of clay byy adding (nonn plastic) imppurity
SiO2
7. To meeasure the greeen strength of o the given ceramic substaance.
8. To deetermine the viscosity
v of a given samplee of glass by penetrating
p m
method.
9. To stuudy the proceess of enameliing.
10. To stuudy the proceess of glazing..
11. To meeasure the theermal conductivity of the given
g sample of refractory material.
12. To deetermine the th hermal expannsion coefficieent of the givven sample.
13. To deetermine the crushing
c strenngth of the givven material.
14. Deterrmine the %ag ge linear shrinnkage in the given
g sample of clay.
15. Deterrmine the greeen compressioon strength off sample of cllay.
16. Deterrmine the greeen compressioon strength off sample of cllay with the addition
a of im
mpurity.
17. To appply the raw glaze
g and frit glaze
g on a cerramics body.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-435 BIOPHY YSICS-III (T
THEORY) 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
The biommechanics of human bodyy, blood circculation, swim mming and flying;
f Physiical factors of
o the
environment; Biophysics of hearinng, ifra and ultrasounds;
u B
Biomagnetism
m: Magnetic effects
e on huumans
and otheer organisms; Ionizing radiations; Radiobiologgical reactioons; Vision, biosensing and
biomechaanics; Modells approaches for propaagation, ecoloogical interaactions, grow
wth, differncciation
evolution and neural prrocess.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Radiaation Biophysics by L.Alpeen Edward, Academic

A Presss, (1988).
2. BiophhysicsAn Introduction. Joohn Wiley annd Son, (2002).
3. Moleccular Biophyssics: Structurres in Motion, OxfordUniversity Press UK,
U (1999).
4. Biophhysics by Glasser Rowland (2001).
( Sprinnger Verlag, Berlin.
B
5. Biophhysical Therm
modynamics by T. Haynie Donald,
D Cambbridge, Univeersity Press UK,
U (2001).
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-436 BIOPHY YSICS-IV (L
LAB) 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
The studeents are requirred to perform

m the followinng experimennts:
1. Deterrmination of osmotic
o potenntial, pressuree potential andd water potenntial in plants
2. Ion upptake and balance of chargge measuremeents
3. Studyy of biosensin
ng and bioindiication
4. Studyy of threshold of hearing, ECG
E and bloood pressure monitoring
m in humans
h
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-437 METEOROLOG GY AND CL LIMATOLOGY-III 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Dynamic Meteorology
y: Circulation &vorticity, Stokes
S theorem
m, Vorticity equation,
e Rossby waves.
Meteoroloogical Instrum
ments: Meteoorological instruments used in thermom metry, barometry, hygrom
metery,
rainfall & snowfall measurement,
m wind measuurement, clouud measurement, evaporattion measureement,
visibility measurement, sunshine measurement.
m . introductionn to weather radar system
ms, introductiion to
radiosondde equipment.
Climatoloogy: Climatic elements; priinciples of cliimate classification; worldd climate classsification; clim
mates
of Asia; climates
c of thee sub-continent; the climatte of Pakistann.
Climate change: Meteo
orological facctors affectingg climate; greenhouse gasees; El-Nino, La-Nina.
L
Tropical Meteorology y: Tropical Launch
L Interrnet Exploreer Browser.lnnkgeneral cirrculation, Diurnal
variationss of meteorological elements in the tropics,
t a suurvey of low--latitude weaather disturbaances;
easterly waves;
w intertro
opical converrgence zone. Monsoons, Tropical
T cycloones, structuree and formatiion of
cyclones.A Aviation Metteorology: meteorological
m l aspects of flight
f planninng, Aviation hazards andd their
associatioon with synop ptic patterns, aircraft icingg, turbulence,, fog, thunderstorms, dustt storms, loww-level
vertical wind
w shear, Jettstream formaation & structture.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Handd Book Of App pplied Meteorrology by Houugton (Publishher: Wiley), 1st
1 Edition, 1985.
2. Atmoospheric Cheemistry & Gllobal Changee by Guy. P. Brasseur (P Publisher: Oxxford), 1st Eddition,
19999.
3. Statisstical Analyssis In Climatee Research by
b Hans Vonnstorch (Publiisher: Cambrridge), 1st Eddition,
20011.
4. Meteeorology by Moran
M Morgann (Publisher: Ma cMillion), 3rd Editionn, 1991.
5. Clim
matology by OlixerHidore
O (
(Publisher: M
Merrill), 1st Eddition, 1984.
6. Dynaamical & Phy hysical Meteoorology by Haltiner&
H Marrtin (Publisheer: McGraw Hill), 1st Eddition,
19577.
7. Troppical Meteorology by Carlsson (Publisher: The PennsyylvaniaStateU University), 1st Edition, 19981.
8. The Atmosphere
A by
b Frederick K.K Lutgens (PPublisher: Preentice Hall), International Edition,
E 19988.
9. The Status of Clim mate Variatioon In Pakistaan& Its Impaact by SMRC C.No.10 SAAR RC Met. Ressearch
Centtre, 1st Edition
n, 2004.
10. Atmoospheric Physsics by J.V.Iriinarne (Publissher: D.Reideel Pub. Co.), 1st
1 Edition, 1980.
11. Appllied Climatolo ogy by Russelll D. Thompsson (Publisherr: Routledge), 1st Edition, 1997.
12. Essentials of Meteeorology by C.C Donald Ahhrens (Publishher: Brooks/C Calc), 3rd Edittion, 2001.
13. Atmoospheric Scien nce by John M.
M Wallace (P Publisher: Accademic Presss), 1st Editionn, 1997.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-438 MET
TEOROLOG GY AND CL LIMATOLOG
GY-IV (LAB
B) 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
The studeents are requirred to do the following

f expperiments:
1. T
Tephigram anaalysis.
2. Atmospheric
A (barometric
( & aneroid) pressure,
p convversion of sttation level to
t mean sea level
prressure.
3. Jeetstream analyysis.
4. Innterpretation of
o weather radar rainfall & cloud analyssis.
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-439 SOL
LID STATE PHYSICS-II
P II 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Phonons: Classical, Einstein and Debye

D modells for specificc heat, Hamiiltonian of thhe electron-phhonon
interactionn, renormalizzation of the effective elecctron mass, screening of the
t electron-pphonon interaaction,
ionic crysstals, the polarron.
Optical Properties: Maacroscopic deescription andd microscopicc model, mirrco-scopic theeory of frequuency-
dependentt dielectric constants,
c opttical propertiies of semi-cconductors, quantization
q o electromaggnetic
of
field, interraction of con
nduction electrons.
Transportt Phenomenon n: Semiclassiccal model of for conductioon of metals, Boltzmann equation, relaxxation
time, condductivity equaation.
Solids in External Mag gnetic Fields: Free electronn approximattion in magneetic field, Lanndau diamagnnetism
in free eleectrons, spin Hamiltonian,
H the Hubbardd model, Paulii paramegnetiism of conducction electronns, De
Haas van Alphan effecct, the quantum m Hall effect..
Books Reecommended
d:
1. SoliddState Physicss byAshcroft &Mermin, (11976).

2. Introoduction to SoolidState Physsics, 7thEdditiion,by C. Kitttle, (1996).
3. Elemmentary SolidS State Physics by M. A. Om mar, (1975).
4. Quanntum Theory of o the SolidSttatebyj. Callaw way, (1991).
5. Princciples of the Theory
T of Soliids byJ. M. Ziman, (1969).
BS (4 Years)
Y for Affiliated
d Colleges

mester
PHY-440 SOL
LID STATE PHYSICS-IV
P V 3 VIIII
Yeear Discipline
D
4 Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Ferromaggnetism and Antiferromag

A gnetism: Ferroomagnetic orrder, curie pooint and the exchange inttegral,
temperatuure dependen nce of the saaturation maagnetization, saturation magnetization
m at absolute zero,
magnons, quantization n of spin waaves, thermaal excitation of magnons, neutron maagnetic scattering,
ferromagnnetic order, cuurie temperatture and susceptibility of ferrimagnets,
f iron garnets,, antiferromaggnetic
order, sussceptibility below the Neel temperaturre, antiferrom magnetic maggnons. Ferrom magnetic dom mains,
anisotropyy energy, traansition regiion between domains, soolitons, originn of domainns, coercivityy and
hysteresiss, single dom main particlees, geomagnnetism and biomanetism,
b , magnetic force
f microsscopy,
magnetic bubble domaains, summaryy.
Magnetic Resonance: Nuclear

N magnnetic resonannce, equationss of motion, line
l width, motional
m narroowing,
hyperfine splitting, exxamples: paraamagnetic pooint defects, knight
k shift, nuclear quaddrupole resonnance,
ferromagnnetic resonan nce, shape efffects in FMMR, spin wavve resonancee, antiferromaagnetic resonnance,
electron paramagnetic
p c resonance, exchange naarrowing, zerro-field splitting, priciple of master action,
a
three-leveel maser, ruby
y laser, summ
mary.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. SoliddState Physicss byAshcroft &Mermin,

& (1976).
2. Introdduction to SolidState Physsics, 7th Editioon, by C. Kittlle, (1996).
3. Elementary SolidS State Physics by M. A. Om mar, (1975).
4. Quanntum Theory of o the SolidStaatebyj. Callaw way, (1991).
5. Princciples of the Theory
T of Solids byJ. M. Ziiman, (1969).

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Course Contents for Subjects with Code: PHY

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

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Electric field of continuous charge distributions, dipole in an electric field, Applications of

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Mechanics Vector Operations

3. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young,

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

1. Surface tension by capillary rise.

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

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1. The Harmonic Oscillation of Helical springs-parallel and series connection of spring

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Circuit Analysis: Network theorems, AC circuit analysis using the j operator.

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Interference of light Fresnel Biprism

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

3. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young,

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

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Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

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BJT and FET Frequency Response: General Frequency Considerations, Low-frequency

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Quantum Mechanics of One dimensional Problems: Review of concepts of classical

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

1. Determining the specific Heat of Solids

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Special functions, Hermite polynomial, Legendre and associate Legendre polynomial,

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Number Systems: Binary, octal, hexadecimal number system, conversion of different

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Code SubjectTitle Cr.Hrs Semester

Code Subjecct Title C Hrs

Classical statistical mechanics,

Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Sem

Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Sem

Radio-Acctive Decay: Theory

Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Sem

Elements of Tensor Calculus:

Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Sem

Interactionns of lonisinng Radiationn with Mattter: Introducttion; Beta-raays, range-ennergy relationnship,

Radiotherrapy: Introduuction, The development

Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Sem

Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Sem

The Funddamental Interractions: The electromagnnetic couplingg, the strong coupling,

The Electtromagnetic Field:

Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Sem

The Diracc Equation: Covariant

Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Sem

Amplitude modulation n principles:: Modulationn, AM, FM