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Example Question:
Cu has a relative isotopic mass of 62.95 and 65
Copper has two isotopes. 63 Cu has a relative isotopic
mass of 64.95. The relative atomic mass (Ar) of Copper is 63.54. Calculate the percentage
abundance of the two isotopes. Ar = 63.54
Ir % abundance Working Out
63
Cu 62.95 x 63.54 = (62.95x) + (64.95)(100-x)/100
6354 = (62.95x) + (64.95)(100-x)
6354 = 62.95x + 6495 - 64.95x
65
Cu 64.95 100-x 6354 = 6495 - 2x
6354 + 2x = 6495
x= 70.5
Cu is 70.5%
% Abundance of 63
Cu is 29.5%
% Abundance of 65
Relative Molecular mass (Mr) (Also called Relative Formula Mass for Ionic)
The relative molecular mass (covalent) of a compound is the mass of one molecule of that
C atom (which is 12 exactly)
substance relative to the mass of a 12
Oxygen: Carbon dioxide:
Mr (O2 ) = 2 x Ar(O) Mr (CO2 ) = Ar(C) + 2 x Ar(O)
= 2 x 16.0 = 12.0 + 32.0
= 32.0 = 44.0
Molar mass
The molar mass (M) is defined as the mass of 1mol of an element. The unit is grams per mole
(g/mol or gmol-1 )
M is the same as Ar but it has units. To work out a molar mass, use the Ar from the periodic table
and add units.
m=nxM
n = m/M
M= m/n
Multi-Step Questions
Sometimes you need to combine both equations and perhaps a ratio to answer a question.
N = n x NA Start with a flow chart and use notation
n = m/M
Empirical Formulas
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms or ions in that compound
The EF of water (H2 O) is H2 O
The EF of ethane (C2H 6)
is CH3
m 93.7 g 6.3 g
Na2CO3 H2O
Molecular Formulas
The actual number of atoms in a molecule of that compound
Will be a multiple of the Empirical Formula
You can work out the molecular formula if you know the empirical formula and molar
mass