1

LATTICE GEOMETRY

Al-1 Plane spacings. The value of d, the distance between adjacent

planes in the set (hkl), may be found from the following equations.

-= 1 h2 + k2 + I
2

Cubic:
d2 cr

2
1 h + k2 I
2

Tetragonal:
= h -5
d2 a2 (?

1 4 /h 2 + hk + k?\ I
2

3\ a2
Rhombohedral:

1
_
" (h
2
+ k
2
+ 2
I ) sin
2
a + + kl + hi) (cos2 a -
2(hk cos a)

d 2
a
2
(l
- 3 cos 2 a + 2 cos3 a)
1 h2 k2 I
2

OrthoMic:

/h2 2 2 2

Monochnic:
1

2
= -
1

2
- I
2
H --
k
--h siu
2
I

-r
2
2cos0\
)
d sm /8\a 6 c ac /

TricUnic: ~T2
= (Snh
2
+ S 22 k2 + S3 3^ 2 + 2S 12 /ifc + 2S23 kl + 2S l3 hl)
2

In the equation for triclinic crystals

V = volume of unit cell (see below),

Sn =
2 2 2
6 c sin a,
2 2 2
a c sin ft

S33 = a 2 2
6 sin
2
7,

Si2 = 2
abc (cos a cos )S cos 7),

^23 = a2 6c(cos ft cos 7 cos a),

<Si3
= 2
ob c(cos 7 cos a cos ft).

459
460 LATTICE GEOMETRY [APP. 1

Al-2 Cell volumes. The following equations give the volume V of the
unit cell.

Cubic: V = a3

- V= 2
Tetragonal: a c

Hexagonal: V = = 0.866a
2
c

Rhombohedral: V = a 3 VI 3 cos a
2
+ 2 cos3 a

Orthorhombic: V = abc

Monoclinic: V = abc sin ft

Tridinic: V abc V 1 cos

2
a cos
2
ft cos 7
2
+ 2 cos a cos cos 7

Al-3 Interplanar angles. The angle between the plane (AiA'i/i), of </>

spacing dj, and the plane (/i 2 2 fe), of spacing rf 2 may be found from the
/c
,

following equations. (F is the volume of the unit cell.)

Cubic: cos <t>

=
,
2
+ fc,
2
+ /I W + *2 ""+
2

Tetragonal: cos< =

3a 2
2
Z
4c
cos <t>
=
fc 2
2
+ * 2 fc 2 + 2
4c

Rhombohedral:

cos </>
= [sin
2
a(/ii/i2 + fc^g +

+ (cos
2
a - cos a)(*!fe + fc 2 ^i + hh* + fefci + ftifc 2 +
 INTERPLANAR ANGLES 461
Al-3]

Orthorhombic: cos </>

= /
2 2 iT2
2 2

Monocfo'm'c:

= - ~ ~
cos ^> ^ I TT2
I
2
sin
2
18 L a2 6 c ac

TricKrac:

^1^2 077 Q 1 1