PREPOSITIONS

AT

a. Tiempo del da//At the lunch//At 8:15

b. Sitios//At home

ON

a. Das y fechas: On Saturday// On February 5th (Fechas concretas)

IN

a. Aos, Meses, Temporadas (Estaciones): In the Spring//In 1990//In October

ADVERVIOS DE FRECUENCIA (Always, Often, Sometimes, Never)

- Normalmente antes del verbo principal

o Ej: We sometimes watch the film in the evening

- Con Am Is y Was Were: Despus

o Ej: They are always late

- Con verbos Modales: Despus

o Ej: I can never understand him

- No se puede poner Never Always al comienzo o al final de la frase

o Se pone:
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Occasionaly

STATE VERBS

- Thoughts (Pensamientos)
- Feelings
- Sensations
- Posession
- Existene

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

- Countable:
o Few Pocos Contable
o Many- Muchos- Contable
- UNCOUNTABLE
o Little- Pocos- Uncountable
o Much-Muchos- Uncountable (Se utiliza en frases interrogativas y negativas)
- A LOT OF, LOTS OF
o Tanto contable como incontable: utilizase para cantidades grandes
TEMA 2 : PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS

WHEN, WHILE, AS

Se utilizan para introducir una actividad en el pasado continuo.

- When:
o introducir una frase del pasado
o Past Simple (was, were): when

USED TO

- Describir cosas que ocurrieron en el pasado pero ya no ocurren

- Slo se utiliza para coasas pasadas
- Si es en la actualidad se utiliza (usually, every day etc)
- Si el verbo est en pasado (didnt) utilizase use to

TEMA 4:

COMPARATIVE Y SUPERLATIVE

- Comparative: Se aade ER: (Deeper, taller,Highter): Utilizan More y Less

- Superlative: Se aade EST: (Tallest): Utilizan Most y Least

IRREGULAR VERBS
Adjetive Comparative Superlative
Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Far Farther Farthest
Further Furthest

A BIT- A LITTLE- MUCH- FAR- A LOT

- A Bit A Little: Comparar pequeas diferencias

o Ej: Canada is a bit/a Little bigger than USA
- As.adjetiveAs: Comparar cosas iguales
o Ej: Tara is as tall as Hannnah
- Not As.Adjetive.As: Comparar cosas diferentes
o Ej: Tara is not as tall as her brother
- En Frases negativas se puede sustituir As por SO.
o Ej: Hannah is not so tall as her brother

BIG ENORMOUS

- BIG: Grande
- ENORMOUS: Desproporcionado
UNIT 5

CAN-COULD-MIGHT-MAY(HABILIDAD Y POSIBILIDAD)

- CAN-COULD (HABILIDAD)
o Se ulitiza con los verbos see, hear, smell, feel, taste

- MAY-MIGHT-COULD (POSIBILIDAD)
o En presente o en futuro

- POSIBILIDAD NEGATIVA
o Utilizase May not or might not
o No cant o couldnt que expresan certeza

SHOULD SHOULDNT- OUGHT TO

- Significan los mismo, indican consejo, ms utilizado Should and Shoudnt

MUST- HAVE TO (Obligacin)

- Must: Cuando la obligacin es acordada

- Have to: Cuando la obligacin viene de alguien ms

MUSNT DONT HAVE TO

- Musnt: Prohibicin
- No se utiliza dont have to para prohibicin, significa no tienes, no necesidad
- No utilizar musnt en frases en pasado se utiliza not allowed
- No necesario: dont have to-dont need to o neednt

UNIT 6

PRESENT PERFECT

I Have
You Have
He/she/it Has/hasnt
We Have
You Have
They Have
Algunos verbos irregulasres cambian con respecto al past simple o continuous
Give, done, written. 3 columna verbos irregulares PAST PARTICIPLE

Se utiliza para conectar el presente con el pasado

I have lived here for five years (y todava vivo)

JUST ALREADY YET

Cosas que han ocurrido y tienen conexin con el presente

- Just
o Cosas que han ocurrido en poco tiempo (Justo)
- Already (Ya)
o Algo que ya ha ocurrido
 - Yet (Todava)
o Se utiliza en preguntas y negativo

SINCE Y FOR

- Since: desde
- For: durante, por

PRESENT PERFECT: Unir pasado con el presente

- Ej: I have broken my arm so I cant do the maths exam

PAST SIMPLE: Queda en el pasado

- Ej: I broke my arm when i was riding my bike

UNIT 7 (FUTURE)

- WILL
o Para hacer prediciones de futuro
o Cosas que no son exactas sino probables (think, hope, expect, probably,
maybe)
o Request
o Promises, offers, express la decisin en el momento de hablar

- GOING TO
o Prediciones de futuro basadas en evidencias
o Futuros planes o intenciones

PREPOSITION BY (Preposicin en movimiento)

- By train, by car, by road

- No by foot sino on foot
- No By con her, the, sino like a taxi, the plane, on her plane

IN INTO

- Get in the car

- Two people got into the taxi
o Get off: bajarse
o Out off: fuera

ON: PUBLIC TRANSPORT, BICYCLES AND HORSES

Ej: She left on the 7.45 plane

I usually go to school on my bike, but today I am going on the bus

ON ONTO

Ej: You get on the bus at the station and get off at the shopping centre

TOO ENOUGH

- Too: demasiado
 - Enough: suficiente

VERY- EXTEMELY- REALLY

- Van antes de los adjetivos fuertes

RATHER OR FARLY

Cmo adjetivos dbiles

Rather y Fairly: Bastante// adjetivos medios, no enorme ni congelado grande fino

QUITE

- Se utiliza con adjetivos graduables como good, tired

- No con adjetivos no graduables (sure, true,different), porque pode significar
completamente.

UNIT 8: ZERO, FIRST, SECOND CONTIDIONALS

ZERO:

- Describe la situacin siguiente dependiendo de la actual

TYPE 0 or 0 conditional(cosas que son siempre o generalmente verdad)

If + Present tense, present tense: If our team win a match, our coach is happy

TYPE 1 or First Conditional (Posibilidades reales en el futuro)

If + present tense, future: If our team wins this match, we will win the competition

TYPE 2 or Second Conditional (Imaginar una posibilidad que probablemente no suceda)

If + past tense, would+ infinitive

If our team won all the matches, we did be the champions

WHEN- IF-UNLESS+PRESENT, FUTURE

- Para hablar de cosas que ocurrirn en el futuro

- WHEN: Cuando esamos seguros que ocurrirn
- IF: Cuando podran ocurrir
- Unless: a no ser que

SO DO I AND NOR/NEITHER DO I

- Se usa para no ser repetitivos

- Neither: ninguno, tampoco, pon a frase en negativo
UNIT 9

Which, that who, whose,when, where clauses

- Relative clauses: Empezan por los de arriba (who, why, when, whose, who, that,
which, where) ofrecen informacin esencial

- Non Relative clauses: ofrecen informacin complementaria

Relative clauses:

- no comas, who, which or that pueden ser omitidos

Non relative clauses:

- si comas, no usa that, no puede ser omitidos os pronombres.

PAST PERFECT

Had, hadnt: describe cousas do pasado

UNIT 12

SAY-TELL-TOLD

- Told me: si se menciona a quien est hablando.