Scope Answers

1- Which of the following is not an input to the Validate Scope process?
A-Requirements Documentation
B-Requirements Traceability Matrix
C-Business Case
D-Project Management Plan
Hint:
Validate Scope is the process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Validate Scope process has the following five inputs.
Project Management Plan
Requirements Documentation
Requirements Traceability Matrix
Verified Deliverables
Work Performance Data
2- The Create WBS process has two outputs, including Project Documents Updates.
Which of the following outputs is missing from the list?
A- Scope Baseline
B- Project Management Plan
C- Organizational Process Assets Updates
D- Activity Duration Estimates
Hint:
Create WBS is the process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller,
more manageable components.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The Create WBS process has the following two outputs:
Scope Baseline
Project Documents Updates
3- Your project deliverables have been accepted and signed off by the customer and sponsor. You
have received formal documentation acknowledging stakeholder acceptance. Which of the
following processes would take accepted deliverables as an input?
A- Control Scope
B- Close Project or Phase
C- Perform Quality Control
D- Monitor and Control Project Work
Hint:
Formal acceptance of deliverables is performed in the Validate Scope process.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Formal documentation about deliverable sign off from the Validate Scope process should be
forwarded to Close Project or Phase process. These deliverables are inputs to the Close Project
or Phase process.
4- For projects that have a product as a deliverable, as opposed to a service or result, product
analysis can be an effective tool. Which of the following is a valid product analysis technique?
A- Work Breakdown Structure
B- Decomposition
C- Progressive Elaboration
D- Value Engineering
Hint:
This question is referring to the Define Scope process.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The work breakdown structure (WBS) is an output of the Create WBS process. Decomposition is
a tool and technique of the Create WBS process. Progressive Elaboration allows a project team
to manage to a greater level of detail as the project evolves.
Product Analysis is defined as follows: For projects that have a product as a deliverable, as
opposed to a service or result, product analysis can be an effective tool. Each application area
has one or more generally accepted methods for translating high-level product
descriptions into tangible deliverables. Product analysis includes techniques such as product
breakdown, systems analysis, requirements analysis, systems engineering, value engineering and
value analysis.
5- In the Validate Scope process of a project, deliverables that fail inspection are documented
along with the reasons for non-acceptance.
What would you do with the rejected deliverables?
A- Initiate a Corrective Action
B- Initiate a Change Request for Defect Repair
C- Send them to the historical database
D- Remove them from the project
Hint:
They need to be repaired to meet the acceptance criteria.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
As part of the Validate Scope process, deliverables are inspected. Those deliverables that fail
inspection require a Change Request for Defect Repair. These change requests are later
processed through the Perform Integrated Change Control process.
6- You are managing a team of 16 electrical and mechanical engineers on a PLC design project.
Your team is designing a product that will be used on oil platforms throughout the world. So far,
every time that your team prepared a new design for this project, a redesign of some of the
components was necessary as more information became available. After several design reviews,
the design was finally approved, and your team was allowed to proceed to the Implementation
phase. The repetition of the design process in this scenario is an example of
A- Progressive Elaboration
B- Scope Creep
C- Gold Plating
D- Decomposition
Hint:
You are redesigning as new details regarding the requirements are identified in the Design
phase.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Requirements documentation describes how individual requirements meet the business needs
of the project. Requirements may start out at a high level and become progressively more
detailed as more specific information and more accurate estimates become available.
Continually detailing and improving a plan in this way is called Progressive Elaboration.
7- You have been assigned as a project manager for a public utility project. The scope of the
project is unclear. Most of the project requirements will be gathered from the public. To avoid
ambiguity, you want to brainstorm the requirements with a group of experts using a
voting process to rank the most powerful ideas for further prioritization. The experts will be
together in a room and will interact with one another. You believe this is the best way to get
results in a short time frame. Then you will present these prioritized requirements to the public
for their input.
Which of the following group creativity techniques would be best to use in this scenario?
A- Delphi Technique
B- Nominal Group Technique
C- Affinity Diagram
D- Mind Mapping
Hint:
This is one of the group creativity techniques used to brainstorm ideas using a voting process.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The nominal group technique enhances brainstorming. It can be used with a voting process in
order to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming and prioritization.
There are some similarities between the nominal group technique and the Delphi technique,
however there are key differences. The nominal group technique is usually conducted in face-to-
face manner and is used to make decisions in a short time frame. As opposed to the Delphi
technique, which tends to be anonymous and may take several iterations among experts over a
prolonged period of time.
8- For unknown reasons, your manager has suddenly become a negative stakeholder on your
project. He is now asking you to incorporate multiple changes in the project/product. Although
you have the ultimate authority over the project and you have managed to avoid such requests,
some of his requests look reasonable to you and may not impact the
project baseline. Which of the following documents can help you identify those items and
changes that require formal change control?
A- Scope Management Plan
B- Configuration Management Plan
C- Schedule Management Plan
D- Quality Management Plan
Hint:
Think about the differences between the Scope Management Plan and the Configuration
Management Plan.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Scope Management Plan outlines how the overall project scope will be defined, managed
and controlled. However, it does not document which changes require a change request and
which do not. If a proposed change impacts one or more project baselines a change request
must be created and submitted. Other request for changes may or may not require change
requests.
The Configuration Management plan defines those items that are "configurable" i.e.
deliverables, processes, and the resulting documentation and the process for managing that
change. The plan also defines what organizational tools will be used in this effort like the
Configuration Management System. The Configuration Management System is a part of the PMIS
- Project Management Information System. The Configuration Management Plan and system
control changes to CIs or Configurable Items which include individual documents such as the
requirements documents, software, models such as designs or the project schedule, and plans.
9- Which of the following is a tool or technique of the Validate Scope process?
A- Decomposition
B- Expert Judgment
C- Inspection
D- Change Control Meetings
Hint:
Validate Scope is the process of formalizing acceptance of the completed
project deliverables.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Validate Scope process has two tools and technique, which are Inspection and Group
Decision-Making Techniques.
In summary the project manager needs to consult the Configuration Management Plan to
determine what requests require formal change control processes and which do not. For the
requests of his manager that do require change reqests the PM will perform integrated change
control and for those changes specified as configurable in the Configuration Management Plan
the PM will follow the instructions/processes specified in that plan. Regardless the PM should
inform and consult both the project team and the stakeholders about the requests, as
transparency and a lack of "special" treatment must be maintained.
10- Which of the following is a tool or technique of the Validate Scope process?
A- Decomposition
B- Expert Judgment
C- Inspection
D- Change Control Meetings
Hint:
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Validate Scope process has two tools and technique, which are Inspection and Group
Decision-Making Techniques.
11- Mary suspects that some of her team members have not properly completed the work
packages assigned to them. Mary strongly believes that these team members have compromised
the deliverables, due to their laziness and unprofessionalism. Which of the following processes
should Mary use to ensure the proper completion of work packages?
A- Perform Integrated Change Control
B- Identify Risks
C- Perform Quality Assurance
D- Control Scope
Hint:
Work packages are the components of the project's WBS, which defines the project scope.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Work packages are the components of the project's WBS, which defines the project scope.
Conformance and non-conformance of project work against project scope and requirements is
verified during the Control Scope process. The Control Scope process uses the scope baseline,
the requirements document, and work performance data such as the number and which
deliverables have been completed, in a technique called variance analysis, to determine if the
deliverables from the work packages have been completed and completed correctly.
Let's review the other choices:

The Perform Quality Assurance process is the process of auditing quality requirements using
Quality Management and Control Tools, Quality Audits, and Process Analysis to determine and
ensure that a project is using the proper quality standards and the quality control processes and
measurements that are described in the quality management plan. Think of quality assurance as
making sure the project is correctly executing the processes that ensure quality practices and
standards as opposed to ensuring that each deliverable passes or meets the quality metrics,
which is done in the Control Quality process.
Perform Integrated Change Control ensures that requested or required changes to deliverables
or any other aspect of the project is done according to what is stated in the change management
plan. Although it is a means to control scope creep it is not used on its own to determine the
status and "correctness" of work packages or individual deliverables.
Identify Risk is concerned with identifying and documenting risk on the project and not the the
status and "correctness" of work packages or individual deliverables.
12- The Control Scope process provides major inputs to which of the following processes?*
A- Validate Scope
B- Control Quality
C- Perform Integrated Change Control
D- Conduct Procurements
Hint:
The Control Scope process produces Change Requests.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Control Scope process provides change requests as an input to the Perform Integrated
Change Control process.
13- Which levels of a WBS typically reflect the major deliverable work areas of the project or
major phases in the project life cycle?
A- Lower
B- Middle
C- Upper
D- Lowest
Hint:
If we divided a WBS horizontally into three parts, where would you see major phases?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The upper levels of the WBS typically reflect the major deliverable workareas of the project or
major phases in the project's life cycle. Theselevels also provide logical summary points for
assessing team andindividual performance, communicating accomplishments, and measuring
cost and schedule performance with respect to individual deliverables aswell as the overall
project.
14- Which of the following information sources is used during the Control Scope process as a
comparison to actual results to determine if a change, corrective action, or preventive action is
necessary to be implemented?
A- Requirements Documentation
B- Work Performance Data
C- Requirements Traceability Matrix
D- Scope Baseline
Hint:
During Control Scope, you are reviewing actual vs. planned results in terms of scope, so think
about which information source contains the planned results.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The Scope Baseline represents the planned results of the project in terms of scope, and is
compared to actual results to determine if a change, corrective action, or preventive action is
necessary to be implemented.
15- The performance of the activities in the Control Scope process are dependent upon which of
the following processes?
A- Control Quality
B- Plan Quality Management
C- Monitor and Control Project Work
D- Collect Requirements
Hint:
Which of these processes provides inputs to the Control Scope process?
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The Collect Requirements process, the Develop Project Management Plan process, and the
Direct and Manage Project Work process all provide inputs to the Control Scope process. The
Collect Requirements process provides the requirements documentation and is where the
Requirements Traceability Matrix is created. The Develop Project Management Plan
process provides the Project Management Plan. The Direct and Manage Project Work process
provides the Work Performance Data to the Control Scope process.
16- Teresa is the project manager on a software development project and she discovers that one
of her project team members omitted information that is relevant during a scope validation
inspection with the project customer. What is Teresa's best course of action in this scenario?*
A- Ask the team member to divulge the omitted information
B- Taking steps to have the team member removed from the team
C- Award the team member for superb communication skills
D- Excuse herself from the inspection
Hint:
All relevant information should be shared during project communications.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
No relevant information should be omitted during project communications.
Teresa's best course of action would be to ask the project team member to divulge the
information. If the team member refuses to do so, Teresa should divulge the information to the
customer in the interest of transparency. There is not enough information to suggest that the
team member should be removed or awarded. It also does not make sense for Teresa to excuse
herself from the inspection.
17- Which of the following is a tool or technique of the Collect Requirements process?
A- Project Charter
B- Alternatives Identification
C- Inspection
D- Interviews
Hint:
Collect Requirements is the process of defining and documenting stakeholders' needs to meet
the project objectives.
Correct Answer: D
18- Nancy is the project manager for a software development project that will be closing shortly.
At the beginning of the project the company specifically stated that all changes to the initial
project scope must go through a specific change control process including a review by the
Change Control Board for approval. During a recent quality inspection, Nancy detected that the
project team added additional features to one of the project deliverables that were not
authorized by the company's Change Control Board. What is Nancy's best course of action in this
scenario?
A- Alert the Change Control Board about these unauthorized additional features
B- Ask the project sponsor for their guidance on how to deal with the situation
C- Leave these additional features in the product and present them to the customer
D- Ask the customer for their guidance on how to deal with the situation
Hint:
You as the project manager are responsible for making the right decision in this scenario and
should know the best course of action from a professional responsibility viewpoint.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
You as the project manager are responsible for knowing and upholding the policies, rules,
regulations and laws that govern your work. In this scenario, your team members created
product functionality without submitting them to the Change Control Board for approval, which
is a violation of company policy. You must communicate these changes to the appropriate body
as soon they are discovered, which in this case is the Change Control Board.
19- During the scope validation inspection, Gloria finds out that the deliverables being presented
for inspection do not meet the acceptance criteria. What should Gloria do as a project manager
immediately?
A- Document the reasons for non-acceptance
B- Ask the team to correct the problem
C- Assess the impact on cost, quality and schedule
D- Adjust the project baseline
Hint:
Find out the reasons for non-acceptance.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The completed deliverables that have not been formally accepted must be documented along
with the reasons for non-acceptance. After documenting the reasons, a change request must be
initiated to correct the problem. During the change request process, the impact on project cost,
quality, schedule and other project parameters must be determined. After the change request is
approved, the baselines must be adjusted and work assigned to team to correct the problem.
20- Which of the following is the best method to use when creating a work Breakdown Structure
(WBS) on a project?
A- Delphi Technique
B- Pareto Chart
C- Bottom-up Estimating
D- Decomposition
Hint:
Divide and subdivide the project scope.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
There are many ways to create a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). It can be developed entirely
as a new document, you can reuse components from existing WBS's, it can be based on a
template, or you can follow predefined WBS standards. Decomposition is the best technique
used to create a WBS.
21- You are running an engineering manufacturing project. The first phase has just completed
and you are trying to obtain formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables. Your
customer accepts some deliverables and rejects some. What would you do with the rejected
deliverables?
A- Document the reasons for non-acceptance and process any change requests they may require
B- Ask your team members to start working on the deliverables
C- Set up another meeting with the customer to change the scope of the project to remove the
deliverable
D- Escalate this issue to the project team and take their advice
Hint:
Some of the deliverables were rejected because the deliverables did not meet the scope criteria.
There will be some change requests for defect repair.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The first thing you should do is to document the reasons for non-acceptance. Those deliverables
may require a change request for defect repair. Change requests should be processed through
the Perform Integrated Change Control process.
22- Which of the project management processes ensures that only the approved work has been
performed on a project?
A- Define Scope
B- Control Scope
C- Create WBS
D- Build Scope
Hint:
One of the tools and techniques used for this process is variance analysis.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Control Scope is the process of monitoring the work of the project and product scope and
managing changes to the Scope Baseline. Therefore, this process ensures that the project team
works on what has been approved.
23- Which of the following organizational process assets can influence the Control Scope
process?
A- Roles and Responsibilities
B- Project phase closure guidelines
C- Existing formal and informal scope control related policies, procedures, and guidelines
D- Personnel administration policies
Hint:
Control Scope is the process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and
managing changes to the scope baseline.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The existing formal and informal scope control related policies, procedures, and guidelines are
used to control the project scope. Similarly, the existing monitoring and reporting methods are
also vital to the Control Scope process.
24- The collection of all of the project management processes required to ensure that the
project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete successfully is
known as:
A- Project Integration Management
B- Project Stakeholder Management
C- Project Scope Management
D- Project Quality Management
Hint:
Project scope is primarily concerned with defining what is and is not included in the project. The
question is asking for a group of processes, not one process.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes
all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.
25- In the Validate Scope process of a project, deliverables that fail inspection are documented
along with the reasons for non-acceptance. What would you do with the rejected deliverables?
A- Initiate a Corrective Action
B- Initiate a Change Request for Defect Repair
C- Send them to the historical database
D- Remove them from the project
Hint:
They need to be repaired to meet the acceptance criteria.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
As part of the Validate Scope process, deliverables are inspected. Those deliverables that fail
inspection require a Change Request for Defect Repair. These change requests are later
processed through the Perform Integrated Change Control process.
26- Jean is managing a web design project. During the Validate Scope process, one of the client's
managers rejects all of the presented deliverables. Jean believes that all of the deliverables
conform to the quality and requirements and feels that the manager is mistaken. What is Jean's
best option in this scenario?
A- Refer to the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
B- Refer to the Project Charter signed by the project sponsor
C- Refer to the Project Communications Management Plan
D- Refer to Requirements Documentation approved by the customer
Hint:
Jean must refer to a document that originated from the customer to verify her beliefs.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The question states that Jean "believes" that the deliverables conform to the quality and the
requirements, but this implies that she is not 100% certain. She should therefore investigate first
by referring to a document that was approved by the customer, which would be the
Requirements Documentation. The Requirements Documentation contains the deliverable
acceptance criteria.
27- You want to collect project requirements from stakeholders by asking prepared and
spontaneous questions and recording the responses. This technique is known as:
A- Focus Groups
B- Facilitated Workshops
C- Questionnaires
D- Interviews
Hint:
Look for words such as 'asking spontaneous questions'.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
This technique is called Interviewing. Interviews are often conducted one-on-one and the
process can be a formal or informal.
28- You created a WBS structure of the total scope of project work and assigned a resource to
each of the lowest levels. What is the lowest level of this structure called?
A- Control Account
B- WBS Dictionary
C- Activity
D- Work Package
Hint:
This is used for scheduling and estimating the work.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The lowest level in a Work Breakdown Structure is known as a Work Package. A work package
can be used to group the activities for the work to be carried out. (Work in regards to the WBS
refers to the deliverables that must be produced).
It is important to note that the WBS does not contain any activities (or tasks). It only contains a
description of the work (deliverables) to be completed. The activities are contained in the
activity list.
29- You are managing a software development project and your stakeholders want to do stress
testing to see which of the various software modules meet the requirements set out in the
requirements documentation. If stakeholders uncover problems during stress testing and reject
some deliverables, what would you do with those rejected deliverables?
A- Talk to the stakeholders one more time and convince them to approve the rejected
deliverables
B- Talk to the project team about the rejected deliverables
C- Remove the rejected deliverables from the Project Management Plan
D- Initiate the change request process for defect repair
Hint:
You are performing the Validate Scope process. Accepted deliverables are the outputs of the
Validate Scope process. Rejected deliverables need further action.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Those completed deliverables that have not been formally accepted may require a change
request for defect repair. You cannot remove a deliverable from the Project Management Plan
just because it has been rejected. You have to handle the rejected deliverable as you have laid
out in the project management plan. If stakeholders are rejecting deliverables based on the
agreed upon acceptance criteria then talking to stakeholders or the project team about the
deliverables, may be an intermediate step to understand the nature of the non-conformance or
defect. However, the best answer among the choices is to ultimately is to initiate a change
request.
30- Which of the following statements about the Validate Scope process and the Control Quality
process is accurate?
A- The Validate Scope process is concerned with correctness of the work results while the
Control Quality process is primarily concerned with acceptance of the work results
B- Validate Scope is concerned with acceptance of the work results while Control Quality is
primarily concerned with correctness of the work results
C- Validate Scope is performed only after changes are approved by the change control board
D- Both the Validate Scope and Control Quality processes are always performed sequentially
Hint:
Control Quality is generally performed before Validate Scope.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Validate Scope differs from Control Quality in that scope validation is primarily concerned with
the acceptance of the deliverables, while Control Quality is primarily concerned with correctness
of the deliverables and meeting the quality requirements specified for the deliverables.
31- Even if a project is managed by a highly ethical and professional project manager with
complete power and authority over the project, which of the following is inevitable?*
A- Scope creep
B- Gold plating
C- Bribes
D- Change
Hint:
Scope creep and gold plating refer to uncontrolled changes and unauthorized additions to
project scope respectively.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Scope creep and gold plating refer to uncontrolled changes and unauthorized additions to
project scope respectively. Both of these are usually controlled by a professional project
manager who has power and authority over the project. However, change is something that is
always unavoidable. The PMBOK guide mentions this fact many times.
32- While managing a precision parts manufacturing project, you brought prequalified
stakeholders and subject matter experts together to learn about their expectations and attitudes
concerning the proposed product. The intention is to gather stakeholder's feedback but not to
have consensus on requirements. This method of collecting requirements using
interactive discussion is known as:
A- Brainstorming
B- Focus Groups
C- Interviews
D- Facilitated Workshops
Hint:
This type of technique is normally facilitated by a trained moderator.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Focus groups bring together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about
their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service, or result. A facilitated
workshop is where you gather and aim to get agreement on cross-functional requirements from
cross-functional stakeholders.
33- Cheryl is managing a software development project and the inspection of the deliverables by
the customer in the Validate Scope process is scheduled to take place in two days. The required
deliverables are not yet complete. Cheryl calls a team meeting and the team confirms that
they will complete the development of the deliverables before the scheduled inspection, but
that the deliverables will not be completed in time to go through the Control Quality process
before they are inspected by the customer. What must Cheryl do in this situation?
A- Perform the inspection as scheduled
B- Try to move the inspection date because the Control Quality process
cannot be performed for the deliverables prior to Validate Scope
C- Escalate this issue to the sponsor
D- Ask the customer if they can inspect the incomplete deliverables
Hint:
Cheryl must strive to meet the project schedule but not at the cost of poor quality.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Cheryl must strive to meet the project schedule but not at the cost of poor quality. Inspection
must only be scheduled if the deliverables pass the internal quality control checks that would be
performed as part of the Control Quality process. It would not be advisable to skip this step
and go right into inspection with the customer in the Validate Scope process.
34- Heather is managing a project to build 20 residential homes. The supplier of the lumber for
the project calls Heather and offers her a 10% discount on the delivery fee of the lumber if she
accepts delivery of all the lumber for the project within a week. There is no such provision of a
discount in the original contract with the supplier, and the lumber is supposed to be delivered in
four different shipments. What action should Heather take?
A- Terminate the contract with the supplier
B- Submit a contract change request
C- Accept the offer because the benefit will go to her company and not to her
D- Politely refuse the offer
Hint:
The scenario suggests that the supplier wants to provide an incentive in the form of a discount
for accepting delivery of all of the project's lumber needs, which is not included in the original
contract.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The supplier wants to provide an incentive in the form of a discount for accepting delivery of all
of the project's lumber needs, but this is not included in the original contract. Under the PMI
Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct's "Honesty" value, Heather must be transparent and
honest, and let the other project stakeholders know about this proposed transaction. She can
accomplish this by submitting a change request and letting the normal process of Perform
Integrated Change Control determine whether this change is accepted or rejected.
35- You are running a precision instrument manufacturing project. Your team members are using
a Pareto Diagram to review the number of defects generated by type or category of identified
cause. The percentage of defects is very low and you decided that any corrective or preventive
action is not necessary. What process should you perform to ensure the customer formally
accepts the deliverables?
A- Control Quality
C- Validate Scope
D- Control Scope
Hint:
Formal acceptance of deliverables is performed in the Scope Management knowledge area. Look
for the process that is in the monitoring and controlling phase.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Deliverables that meet the acceptance criteria are formally signed off and approved by the
customer or sponsor. This process is usually completed after the Control Quality process.
36- Your sponsor asked you to conduct a requirements gathering session to build consensus
among stakeholders. What is the best technique you can use to accomplish this goal?*
A- Focus Groups
B- Surveys
C- Interviewing
Hint:
Consensus can be built by bringing stakeholders together to define product requirements. Look
for a technique where stakeholders work together for consensus.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Because of their interactive group nature, facilitated workshops can build trust, foster
relationships, and improve communication among the participants.
37- Which of the following regarding project changes is incorrect?
A- Changes are called scope creep.
B- Change is inevitable.
C- Changes should be processed through the Perform Integrated Change Control process.
D- Changes should be managed.

Hint:
Changes should be handled through a proper change control procedure, which means that
changes are controlled.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The question is asking that you select the INCORRECT statement from the choices. It is incorrect
to say that all changes are scope creep. Scope creep only refers to uncontrolled changes in your
project. Whereas the other three statements are correct. Change is inevitable, which is why we
want to control, manage and process them through the Perform Integrated Change Control
process.
38- Which project management knowledge area does the Create WBS process belong to?
A- Project Scope Management
B- Project Time Management
C- Project Work Management
D- Project Integration Management
Hint:
The PMBOK Guide defines scope as the work required to complete the project.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The Create WBS process belongs to the Project Scope Management knowledge area.
39- For projects that have a product as a deliverable, as opposed to a service or result, product
analysis can be an effective tool. Which of the following is a valid product analysis technique?
B- Decomposition
C- Progressive Elaboration
D- Value Engineering
Hint:
This question is referring to the Define Scope process.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The work breakdown structure (WBS) is an output of the Create WBS process. Decomposition is
a tool and technique of the Create WBS process. Progressive Elaboration allows a project team
to manage to a greater level of detail as the project evolves. Product Analysis is defined as
follows: For projects that have a product as a deliverable, as opposed to a service or result,
product analysis can be an effective tool. Each application area has one or more generally
accepted methods for translating high-level product descriptions into tangible deliverables.
Product analysis includes techniques such as product breakdown, systems analysis, requirements
analysis, systems engineering, value engineering and value analysis.
40- As a project manager, you are trying to receive formal acceptance of the completed project
deliverables from your stakeholders. However, stakeholders want to compare the requirements
to the deliverables using acceptance criteria before issuing the acceptance letter. Where can you
find the acceptance criteria for the requirements?
A- Requirements Traceability Matrix
B- Requirements Documentation
C- Requirements Management Plan
D- Validated Deliverables
Hint:
Acceptance criteria are part of an output of the Collect Requirements process. Look for all the
documents generated in the Collect Requirements process.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Requirements Documentation contains the project, product, technical, and other types of
requirements along with their acceptance criteria.
Note: Even though the PMBOK Guide states that the "Requirements Traceability Matrix" /may
/contain acceptance criteria, this is not the correct answer. This is because in the description of
the Validate Scope process, the PMBOK Guide states that it is the "Requirements
Documentation" that contains the criteria used for formal approval. Therefore, "Requirements
Documentation" is the *best *answer, because it is always correct, while "Requirements
Traceability Matrix" may only be correct in some cases, on some projects, under special
circumstances.
41- When you collect requirements it may not be possible to get consensus among team
members. Group decision-making techniques are used to obtain group consensus in such
situations. Which of the following is not a group decision-making technique?
A- Plurality
B- Unanimity
C- Dictatorship
D- Singularity
Hint:
There are four methods of reaching a group decision. Everyone agrees, support from more than
50%, the largest block approves, or one individual makes the decision.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Singularity is not a group decision-making technique. All other techniques are group decision-
making techniques. The fourth technique is 'majority'.
42- Which of the following statements is true about Validate Scope and
Control Quality?
A- Control Quality is generally performed before Validate Scope
B- Quality Control and Validate Scope cannot be performed in parallel
C- Validate Scope is performed before Control Quality
D- Validate Scope and Control Quality are performed in Project Scope Management
Hint:
Control Quality is concerned with the quality of the deliverables and Validate Scope is concerned
with the acceptance of the deliverables.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
During the Control Quality process, the quality of the deliverables are 'verified' by the project
team and become an output of this process. These 'verified' deliverables act as an input to the
Validate Scope process, where they are 'validated' by the customer. Once these deliverables are
'validated' they then become 'accepted' deliverables, which is an output of the Validate Scope
process.
43- Which of the following statements regarding the Control Scope process is not true?
A- Changes to the Scope Baseline are approved or rejected during the Control Scope process
B- The Control Scope process is used to manage the actual scope changes when they occur
C- The Control Scope process is integrated with the other control processes
D- Uncontrolled changes to project scope is referred to as scope creep
Hint:
Control Scope is the process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope, and
managing changes to the Scope Baseline.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Changes to the Scope Baseline are approved or rejected during the Integrated Change Control
process. Therefore the answer "Changes to the Scope Baseline are approved or rejected during
the Control Scope process" is incorrect.
44- Which of the following is a tool or technique of the Control Scope process?
A- Work Performance Information
B- Advertising
C- Inspection
D- Variance Analysis
Hint:
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The Control Scope process has only one tool and technique, which is Variance Analysis.
45- Which of the following is not part of the Scope Baseline on a project?
B- Project Scope Statement
C- WBS
D- WBS Dictionary
Hint:
The Scope Management Plan is a subsidiary plan of the Project Management Plan.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The Scope Management Plan is a subsidiary plan of the Project Management Plan and is not part
of the Scope Baseline.
46- Requirements documentation describes how individual requirements meet the business
needs of the project. Which of the following statements is not true about requirements?
A- Requirements must be measurable and testable
B- Requirements initially start at a high level and are progressively elaborated
C- Support and training requirements are part of the requirements documentation
D- Acceptance criteria are included in the project scope statement but not in the requirements
documentation
Hint:
Requirements documentation is an input to the Validate Scope process, which formalizes the
acceptance of completed deliverables.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
This question is looking for the incorrect statement. "Acceptance criteria are included in the
project scope statement but not in the requirements documentation" is the incorrect statement,
because acceptance criteria are included in both of these types of documentation.
47- You have recently been assigned as the project manager for an engineering project. The
previous project manager left the project after collecting the requirements. You looked at the
Requirements Documentation and noticed that they are not clearly defined. Which of the
following accurately describes the characteristics of requirements?
A- Functional requirements describe the behaviors of the product
B- Functional requirements describe the environmental conditions of a project
C- Business requirements describe the training needs of the project
D- Solution requirements describe the higher-level needs of the organization
Hint:
Requirements Documentation describes how individual requirements meet the business need
for the project. There should be adequate clarity in the Requirements Documentation.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Functional requirements describe the behaviors of the product where as business requirements
describe the higher-level needs of the organization. Solution requirements describe the features
and functions of the product.
48- What would you do as a project manager in the Control Scope process of a project?
A- Create WBS
B- Estimate Costs
C- Verify Deliverables
D- Analyze Variances
Hint:
What do you do in order to monitor and control your scope?
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
managing changes to the scope baseline. Variance Analysis is performed as part of this process
to determine the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance.
49- The Define Scope process has four tools and techniques, including:
Expert Judgment
Facilitated Workshops
Alternatives Generation
Which of the following tools and techniques is missing from the list?
A- Focus Groups
B- Observations
C- Negotiation
D- Product Analysis
Hint:
Define Scope is the process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The Define Scope process has the following four tools and techniques:
Expert Judgment
Product Analysis
Alternatives Generation
Facilitated Workshops
50- Which of the following is not an input to the Create WBS process?
A- Project Scope Statement
B- Activity List
C- Requirements Documentation
D- Organizational Process Assets
Hint:
Create WBS is the process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller,
more manageable components.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Create WBS process has the following five inputs:
* Project Scope Statement
* Requirements Documentation
* Organizational Process Assets
* Enterprise Environmental Factors
* Scope Management Plan
Let's consider each answer choice provided:
"Project Scope Statement" - The Project Scope Statement provides the definition of the
complete scope for the project which must be established in order to ensure the WBS includes
the work to be performed and only that work.
"Requirements Documentation" - The Requirements Documentation provides additional

information about what needs to be produced and what needs to be done to deliver the project
and therefore is a logical input to the Create WBS process.
"Organizational Process Assets" - Organizational process assets such as templates for the WBS,
project files from previous projects, and lessons learned can contribute to creating a WBS for the
current project.
"Activity List" - The Activity List is created in the Define Activities process in Project Time
Management. The Activity List is created by decomposing the work packages of the WBS into
discrete activities. Thus it cannot be an input to the Create WBS process.
51- Which of the following is not a valid Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) creation technique?
A- Top-Down
B- Bottom-Up
C- WBS Templates
D- Simulation
Hint:
Consider one of your previous projects, map the answer choices to it and you will uncover the
correct answer choice.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Following are the four different ways to create a WBS:
* Top-Down
* Bottom-Up
* WBS Standards
* WBS Templates
52- Which of the following project artifacts includes information about project progress, such as
which deliverables have started, their progress, and which deliverables have finished?
A- Project Management Plan
B- Work Performance Measurements
C- Work Performance Information
D- Project Management Information System
Hint:
A Project Management Information System is a tool not a project document or artifact.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Work Performance Information is defined on pg. 136 as, "including information about project
progress, such as which deliverables have started, their progress, which deliverables have
finished, or which have been accepted" Thus Work Performance Information is the best answer
choice because, it is specifically defined as including the described information and it is an
artifact and not a system or tool.
53- Inspection includes activities such as measuring, examining, and verifying to determine
whether work and deliverables meet the requirements and product acceptance criteria. All of
the following terms are used as synonyms for "Inspection" except?
A- Product Reviews
B- Audits
C- Walkthroughs
D- Phase-End Reviews
Hint:
One place Inspection is performed is in the Validate Scope process.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
One place Inspection is performed is in the Validate Scope process. Inspections are sometimes
called Reviews, Product Reviews, Audits, or Walkthroughs. Phase-End Reviews are not
considered a type of inspection.
54- There are a variety of stakeholders on your project representing several different functional
areas. While collecting requirements from all of them, you want to define the cross-functional
requirements and reconcile stakeholder differences. Which requirement collection techniques is
best used to achieve this goal?
A- Interviews
C- Focus Groups
D- Brainstorming
Hint:
This is also a group creativity technique that brings all stakeholders together.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Facilitated Workshops are considered a primary technique for quickly defining cross-functional
requirements and reconciling stakeholder differences.
55- There are a variety of stakeholders on your project representing several different functional
areas. While collecting requirements from all of them, you want to define the cross-functional
requirements and reconcile stakeholder differences. Which requirement collection techniques is
best used to achieve this goal?
A- Interviews
C- Focus Groups
D- Brainstorming
Hint:
This is also a group creativity technique that brings all stakeholders together.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Facilitated Workshops are considered a primary technique for quickly defining cross-functional
requirements and reconciling stakeholder differences.
56- You are executing Phase 2 of a three phase project for your customer. Three weeks ago, as
part of the closing of Phase 1, your customer accepted the project deliverables and you started
the execution of Phase 2. However, the customer is now complaining that some of the Phase 1
product features are not functioning as expected and that the overall product is not functioning
properly. What should you do first?
A- Ignore the customer because they have already accepted the product
B- Submit a change request to enable the product to match the expected functionality
C- Request that the customer documents how the delivered features and functionality does not
meet their approval.
D- Immediately start working on rectifying the errors as reported by the customer
Hint:
The product delivered by you at the end of Phase 1 was accepted by the customer who is
subsequently claiming that the deliverables do not meet their expectations. What must you
determine before you can act?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
subsequently claiming that the deliverables do not meet their expectations.
Let's evaluate the options:
* Ignore the customer because they have already accepted the product - is not likely a strategy
that will result in a mutaully accpetable solution or good business practtice.
* Immediately start working on rectifying the errors as reported by the customer - would
circumvent the Intergrated Change Control Process.
* Submit a change request to enable the product to match the expected functionality - is
something that you should do as part of Perform the Intergrated Change Control Process but
only after you know what to specify in your change request which the customer must document
what changes are required to match the expected functionality.
Therefore: Request that the customer documents how the the delivered features and
functionality does not meet expectations and the changes required to remedy this is what
should be done first.
subsequently claiming that the deliverables do not meet their expectations
57- Joe is running an automobile parts manufacturing project. He is considering project

deliverables, constraints, and assumptions in order to define the activities on his project. These
components are part of the following baseline:
A- Scope baseline
B- Schedule baseline
C- Cost baseline
D- Quality baseline
Hint:
Where are project deliverables defined and documented? In the project scope, schedule or cost?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The Scope Baseline is explicitly mentioned as an input to the Define Activities Process. The Scope
Baseline is the approved version of a scope statement, WBS and WBS dictionary. Deliverables,
constraints, and assumptions are considered as part of the Scope Baseline.
58- The table that links requirements to their origin and traces them throughout the project life
cycle is called?
A- Responsibility Matrix
B- Requirements Traceability Matrix
C- Requirements Management Plan
D- Stakeholder Register
Hint:
This is an output of the Collect Requirements process.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The table that links requirements to their origin and traces them throughout the project life
cycle is known as the Requirements Traceability Matrix.
59- A deliverable-oriented WBS provides many benefits. Which of the following is not true
regarding the benefits of a deliverable-oriented WBS?
A- Better communication to project sponsors, stakeholders, and team members
B- More accurate estimation of tasks, risks, timelines, and costs
C- Increased confidence that 100% of the work is identified and included
D- Elimination of the need for a Scope Management Plan

Hint:
Think of the WBS you used for one of your recent projects and determine the best answer
choice.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
A deliverable-oriented WBS provides many benefits for a project team, including the following:
* Better communication to project sponsors, stakeholders, and team members.
* More accurate estimation of tasks, risks, timelines, and costs.
* Increased confidence that 100% of the work is identified and included.
* A foundation for the control of processes within the project.
Having a good, deliverable-oriented WBS does not eliminate the need for a Scope Management
Plan.
60- Considering the WBS, which of the following is considered a 'Level of Effort (LOE)' activity?
A- Intensive activity
B- Support-type activity
C- Long duration activity
D- Out of scope activity
Hint:
Examples of LOE activities are seller or customer liaison activities, project cost accounting
activities, and project management activities.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Level of Effort (LOE) is a support-type activity (e.g. seller or customer liaison activity, project cost
accounting activity, project management activity) that does not produce definitive end products.
It is generally characterized by a uniform rate of work performance over a period of time
determined by the activities supported.
61- Collect Requirements is a process in the Planning process group. Which of the following
defines the Collect Requirements process?
A- Developing a detailed description of the project and product
B- Defining and documenting stakeholder's needs to meet the project objectives
C- Identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities
D- Identifying specific actions to produce the project deliverables
Hint:
The Collect Requirements process gathers all the needs for the project.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Collect Requirements is defining and documenting the stakeholders' needs to meet the project's
objectives.
62- The Control Scope process has five inputs, including:*
* Project Management Plan
* Requirements Traceability Matrix
* Work Performance Data
Which of the following inputs is missing from the list?
A- Change Requests
B- Requirements Documentation
C- Enterprise Environmental Factors
D*Project Charter
Hint:
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Control Scope process has the following five inputs:
* Project Management Plan
* Work Performance Data
* *Requirements Documentation*
63- What output of the Direct and Manage Project Work process is the input to the Validate
Scope process?
A- Work Performance Information
B- Work Performance Measurements
D- Work Performance Data
Hint:
The performance data of the project.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The Direct and Manage Project Work process provides Work Performance Data as an input to
the Validate Scope process.
64- You collected many ideas from different stakeholders while gathering requirements for your
IT project. You want to sort these ideas into groups for review and analysis. Which of the
following tools or techniques would you use to accomplish this goal?
A- Delphi Technique
C- Affinity Diagram
D- Idea/Mind Mapping
Hint:
This technique is a group creativity technique used for collecting requirements.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
This method is called the Affinity Diagram. Using this technique, large number of ideas can be
classified into groups for review and analysis. In the Delphi technique, a selected group of
experts answers questionnaires. In idea/mind mapping, ideas are consolidated into a single map,
whereas the nominal group technique enhances brainstorming with a voting process.
65- Your road construction project is currently in the execution phase. You are laying a 1000+
mile road network in a rural area. After studying the scope baseline you decided to add street
signs at each intersection. Your customer did not request this nor did you get approval from your
change control board for the additional expense. However, since you have plenty of funds left in
your project budget, you decided to "go for it", approved it yourself and included this in the
scope documentation under your authority in order to gain higher customer satisfaction.
What project management practice is this an example of?
A- Good project management
B- Silver plating
C- Gold plating
D- Scope creep
Hint:
You are incorporating a change that has not been requested.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The unsolicited addition of scope, features or "improvements" to a project and its deliverables is
called "gold plating". There are many reasons why gold plating happens:
* Trying to increase customer satisfaction by "under promising and over delivering"
* Using up "leftover" project budget
* Implementing "a good idea" because there is the time to do so * etc.

Please note that "scope creep" would be the /uncontrolled/ addition of scope or features. In this
scenario we have a PM who decided to approve the change without going to the CCB.
A key difference between scope creep and "gold-plating" is that gold-plating is additional work
or features that have not been requested by the customer but added by someone on the project
team who perceived it to be a positive addition.
66- Which of the following is not a tool or technique of the Define Scope process?
A- Expert Judgment
B- Alternatives Generation
C- Product Analysis
D- Schedule Network Analysis
Hint:
Define Scope is the process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The Define Scope process has the following four tools and techniques:
* Expert Judgment
* Product Analysis
* Alternatives Generation
* Facilitated Workshops
67- You completed collecting requirements for your website improvement project. All
stakeholders fully agreed on the requirement definition as well as the course of action. No
stakeholders raised objections. What is this type of decision making model called?
A- Dictatorship
B- Unanimity
C- Plurality
D- Majority
Hint:
Check the options and decide based on the meaning of each word. Which word means that "all
stakeholders are agreeing"?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
This method is known as unanimity. In this technique everyone agrees on a single course of
action. This is one of the group decision making techniques. Other techniques are Majority,
Plurality and Dictatorship.
68- Which of the following project documents is unlikely to be updated during the Control Scope
process?
B- Scope Baseline
D- Requirements Traceability Matrix
Hint:
The Scope Management Plan provides guidance on how project scope will be defined,
documented, verified, managed, and controlled.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The Scope Management Plan provides guidance on how project scope will be defined,
documented, verified, managed, and controlled. It documents the scope management strategy
and is very unlikely to get updated during the Control Scope process.
69- Victoria is the project manager on a six-month project to construct a new shopping center
parking lot. She has assigned all activities in the Control Scope process to her team leader John.
After the second month of the project, John reports that the scope of the project has exactly
matched the original scope determined at the very beginning of the project. Because this is
highly unusual for this type of project, Victoria suspects that John may not have performed some
of the activities that were scheduled to be completed by this date. What is Victoria's best course
of action?
A- Terminate John immediately
B- Terminate the contract with the vendor
C- Perform the Control Scope process herself
D- Trust John and accept this report
Hint:
A project manager should always investigate the facts before accusing someone of ethical
misconduct.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
As a project manager, it is part of Victoria's responsibility to abstain from accusing others of

ethical misconduct when she does not have all the facts. Therefore, her best course of action is
to perform the scope actual vs. expected calculations in the Control Scope process to determine
if the results are being erroneously reported by John before accusing him of any unethical
behavior. What should Victoria do in this situation? Let us look at each one of these choices
independently:
* Terminate John immediately: seems a bit extreme and is not the appropriate response given
the facts we have.
* Terminate the contract with the vendor: even more extreme then terminating the employee
without a proven cause.
* Perform the Control Scope process herself: Performing the scope actual vs. expected
calculation as part of perform Control Scope is within her responsibility and quick to do and
would address her concerns.
* Trust John and accept this report: This is an also an option but we don't know anything about
John as an employee so it's hard to expect Victoria to just trust John if she has a concern and is
ultimately responsible for the project's success.
70- While gathering requirements in your project, you decide which requirements to accept
from stakeholders based on the agreement from a largest block even if a majority is not
achieved. What group decision-making technique are you using in this scenario?
A- Unanimity
B- Majority
C- Plurality
D- Dictatorship
Hint:
There are four group decision-making techniques. The technique here takes the decision from a
big block, not a majority decision.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
In the Plurality decision making technique, the largest block in the group decides even if a
majority is not achieved.
71- You are the project manager and you are in the process of defining scope. At a requirements
gathering session two of your stakeholders who will be users of the product being created are
reluctant to articulate their requirements. These stakeholders are quite busy and have very
limited time to explain or write down their requirements. As it stands, you only have a vague
understanding of the requirements and need input from these stakeholders. You are looking for
a technique that will enable you to obtain their input. Which of the following is the best
technique given the circumstances described to achieve this result?
A- Job Shadowing
B- Questionnaires
C- Prototypes
Hint:
To help identify and collect requirements, observe how some stakeholders perform their work is
often helpful.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Questionnaires are useful for when you have to gather information from a large number of
people. As a technique, it is limited in the type of information you can collect, as you may not
see stakeholder's emotion, behavior or reaction. In this case, questionnaires may not be the best
technique as you are only targeting a small number of stakeholders. Developing questionnaires
takes time, after which the stakeholders may not even have time or inclination to complete it
properly.
Prototypes is a way to gathering early feedback through a demonstrable/working model. With

only a very vague understanding of the requirements, there may be too little information to
create a useful initial prototype. If you are too off the mark, that may increase stakeholder
reluctance even more. Through facilitation, you may be able to get around stakeholder
reluctance. However, facilitated workshops take time, which the stakeholders do not have at this
point. Given the time constraint and reluctance of the stakeholders, Job Shadowing (also known
as Observation) is the best answer. It is performed externally by the observer viewing the user
who is carrying out their normal job activities. This is a very helpful technique when individuals
are having difficulty presenting their requirements. After the Job Shadowing, you may then
consider use of other techniques to collect additional requirements.
72- You are managing a software development project. You have collected the Work
Performance Data, and created the Requirements Documentation and Requirements Traceability
Matrix so you can generate Work Performance Information regarding the variance in the project
work. Which project process are you performing?
A- Validate Scope
B- Control Scope
C- Monitor and Control Project Work
D- Direct and Manage Project Execution
Hint:
Which process requires Work Performance Data as an input and produces Work Performance
Information as an output after performing variance analysis?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Control Scope process requires Work Performance Data as an input and produces Work
Performance Information as an output after performing variance analysis.
73- Requirements documentation describes how individual requirements meet the business
needs of a project. Which of the following would you include in Requirements Documentation?
A- Traceability structure
B- Requirements prioritization process
C- Non-functional requirements
D- Product metrics
Hint:
Only one of the options describes requirements themselves.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Non-functional requirements are part of the requirements documentation. The other options
are all part of the requirements management plan.
74- One of your senior project managers has just finished identifying and documenting the
qualitative and quantitative information about stakeholders on their project. You will be taking
over the project now and performing the activities in the remaining phases of the project,
starting with the planning phase. Which of the following processes should you perform first?
A- Plan Scope Management
B- Develop Project Charter
C- Identify Stakeholders
D- Collect Requirements
Hint:
What is the first Scope Management process that you should perform?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of stakeholders is performed during the Identify
Stakeholders process as part of the initiating phase of a project, and at this point in the project,
the Project Charter has been created. As with all Knowledge Areas, you must first plan how to
implement the corresponding process, and then begin to perform the activities necessary to
successfully execute the process. Plan Scope Management activities occur before Collect
Requirements activities.
75- You will be producing a lot of deliverables in the current phase of your project. In order to
get sign-off from the customers, you are planning to schedule a meeting with them for their
formal acceptance. What project process would describe the task you are planning to perform?*
A- Perform Quality Control
B- Perform Stakeholder Engagement
C- Control Scope
D- Validate Scope
Hint:
Formal Acceptance of deliverables is performed in the Scope Management knowledge area.

Look for a process that is in the Monitoring and Controlling process group.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Deliverables that meet the acceptance criteria are formally signed off and approved by the
customer and/or sponsor.
76- Some of the stakeholders on your software installation project have raised concerns during
the requirements phase about the features of the new software that will be installed. In order to
gain the stakeholders' confidence, your team develops a working model of the expected product
to show it to them. This type of technique is well-known as:
A- Prototyping
B- Observation
C- Product Verification
D- Product Testing
Hint:
This is just like creating models. The specific term for models should be chosen in this context.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Prototypes are used to obtain early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of
the expected product before building it. This is one type of requirements collection tool.
77- How many WBS levels should there be in a WBS according to the WBS Quality Principle 1,
which is defined in the PMI Practice Standard for WBS?
A- WBS Quality Principle 1 limits a WBS to six levels
B- WBS Quality Principle 1 limits a WBS to seven levels
C- WBS Quality Principle 1 does not limit WBS levels
D- WBS Quality Principle 1 does not exist
Hint:
Every project is different, so every WBS will be different. What does that mean for the number of
levels in a WBS?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The WBS Quality Principle 1 is defined in the PMI Practice Standard for WBS and it doesn't limit
the number of levels. It states: "A quality WBS is a WBS constructed in such a way that it satisfies
all of the requirements for its use in a project."
78- A project manager handling a 60-member team is planning the Phase 2 closure for an
embedded systems project. The project has been running for over a year now with more than
80,000 man hours invested. The project has a CPI of 1.3 and an SPI of 1.2. The project manager is
waiting for the client to perform the scope validation, after which the project manager plans to
conduct the closure. The client responds that the deliverables do not match the requirements
and need to be reworked. The client emphasized that there are medium severity defects in the
system which were clearly mandated in the requirements as "should not exist" in the final
deliverables. The project manager is not sure if this was communicated but after looking at the
Project Management Plan and the Requirements Documents, he confirms that this was not
communicated. Which of the following helped the project manager to clearly identify whether
the deliverables were meeting the client's defined criteria?
A- Source selection criteria
B- Acceptance Criteria in Requirements Documents
C- Requirement Traceability Matrix
D- Project Charter
Hint:
How will the project manager evaluate whether the deliverables meet the acceptance criteria
defined by the client and are mutually agreeable to both parties?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Requirements Documents contain acceptance criteria, assumptions, quality requirements,

support and training requirements etc. These are the documents that the project manager
should refer to and use to verify if all the deliverables meet the acceptance criteria.
79- You are managing a manufacturing project to produce a new product. To determine the
critical characteristics of the new product, you are planning to use one of the Facilitated
Workshop Techniques as a requirements gathering tool. Which of the following techniques is of
most use in the manufacturing industry?
A- Joint Application Development (JAD) sessions
B- Delphi Technique
C- Quality Function Deployment
D- Brainstorming
Hint:
Requirements collection can be performed in a variety of ways. Facilitated workshops is the best
way to resolve issues. Think about the methods used in facilitated workshops.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is used as a tool in the Collect Requirements process. QFD
starts by collecting customer needs, which is also known as the voice of customer. This tool is
used in the manufacturing industry for new product development.
80- Your project deliverables have been accepted and signed off by the customer and sponsor.
You have received formal documentation acknowledging stakeholder acceptance. Which of the
following processes would take accepted deliverables as an input?
A- Control Scope
C- Perform Quality Control
D- Monitor and Control Project Work
Hint:
Formal acceptance of deliverables is performed in the Validate Scope process.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Formal documentation about deliverable sign off from the Validate Scope process should be
forwarded to Close Project or Phase process. These deliverables are inputs to the Close Project
or Phase process.
81- Changes in project scope will always affect which of the following?
A- Project Cost
B- Project Schedule
C- Project Risk
D- Project Management Plan
Hint:
What will you always need to update when the scope changes?
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
A scope change is a result of an approved change request. A change in Scope may affect Cost,
Schedule or Risk on a project. However, any scope change will 'always' need be documented in
the Project Management Plan, more precisely in the Scope Baseline.
82- Which of the following processes should be completed prior to the Validate Scope process?
A- Control Quality
B- Perform Integrated Change Control
C- Close Project or Phase
D- Control Scope
Hint:
Which process is a prerequisite of the Validate Scope process.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Usually most of the PMBOK processes would have been completed before performing the
Validate Scope process. Here we need to identify the best answer. The project team must
perform the Control Quality process to inspect the deliverables before validating the deliverables
with the customer during the Validate Scope process. This is the best answer for this question.
83- For unknown reasons, your manager has suddenly become a negative stakeholder on your
project. He is now asking you to incorporate multiple changes in the project/product. Although
you have the ultimate authority over the project and you have managed to avoid such requests,
some of his requests look reasonable to you and may not impact the project baseline. Which of
the following documents can help you identify those items and changes that require formal
change control?
B- Configuration Management Plan
C- Schedule Management Plan
D- Quality Management Plan
Hint:
Think about the differences between the Scope Management Plan and the Configuration
Management Plan.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Scope Management Plan outlines how the overall project scope will be defined, managed
and controlled. However, it does not document which changes require a change request and
which do not. If a proposed change impacts one or more project baselines a change request
must be created and submitted. Other request for changes may or may not require change
requests.
The Configuration Management plan defines those items that are "configurable" i.e.
deliverables, processes, and the resulting documentation and the process for managing that
change. The plan also defines what organizational tools will be used in this effort like the
Configuration Management System. The Configuration Management System is a part of the PMIS
- Project Management Information System. The Configuration Management Plan and system
control changes to CIs or Configurable Items which include individual documents such as the
requirements documents, software, models such as designs or the project schedule, and plans.
In summary the project manager needs to consult the Configuration Management Plan to
determine what requests require formal change control processes and which do not. For the
requests of his manager that do require change reqests the PM will perform integrated change
control and for those changes specified as configurable in the Configuration Management Plan
the PM will follow the instructions/processes specified in that plan. Regardless the PM should
inform and consult both the project team and the stakeholders about the requests, as
transparency and a lack of "special" treatment must be maintained.
84- Which of the following is not an output of the Control Scope process?
A- Work Performance Measurements
B- Work Performance Information
C- Project Documents Updates
D- Change Requests
Hint:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The Control Scope process has the following five outputs:
* Work Performance Information

* Organizational Process Assets Updates
* Change Requests
* Project Management Plan Updates
* Project Documents Updates
85- Which of the following statements reflects 'WBS Quality Principle 2' of PMI's Practice
Standard for WBS?
A- Quality must be built-in not inspected for any WBS
B- A quality WBS is a WBS constructed in such a way that it satisfies all of the requirements for
its use in a project
C- WBS quality characteristics apply at all levels of scope definition
D- There is no such term as 'WBS Quality Principle 2'
Hint:
PMI acknowledges WBS Quality Principle 2.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
PMI's Practice Standard for WBS acknowledges the WBS Quality Principle 2 as, "WBS quality
characteristics apply at all levels of scope definition." It states that there is no conceptual
difference between a project WBS, a program WBS and a portfolio WBS. They may only differ in
breadth of content & scope.
86- Kristine is managing a high-tech project. Both the positive and negative stakeholders are
influencing the project team and asking for unapproved changes. Kristine is more concerned
about the negative stakeholders and wants to determine if any unapproved scope has been
added to the project deliverables. What does Kristine need to do?
A- Perform the Integrated Change Control process
B- Perform the Direct and Manage Project Work process
C- Perform the Control Scope Process
D- Perform the Control Schedule Process
Hint:
Unauthorized changes to project deliverables mean unauthorized changes to the project scope.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Unauthorized changes to project deliverables mean unauthorized changes to the project scope.
Kristine needs to perform the Control Scope process to detect such changes.
87- Which of the following is not a tool or technique of the Collect Requirements process?*
A- Expert Judgment
B- Group Creativity Techniques
C- Prototypes
D- Focus Groups
Hint:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The Collect Requirements process has the following eleven tools and techniques:
* Interviews
* Focus Groups
* Facilitated Workshops
* Group Creativity Techniques
* Group Decision Making Techniques
* Questionnaires & Surveys
* Observations
* Prototypes
* Document Analysis
* Context Diagrams
* Benchmarking
88- What is WBS Quality Principle 1?
A- Utmost care should be taken when developing the project WBS
B- A quality WBS is an approved WBS from the corporate quality control department
C- A quality WBS is a WBS constructed in such a way that it satisfies all of the requirements for
its use in a project
D- There is no such term as WBS Quality Principle 1
Hint:
PMI acknowledges WBS Quality Principle 1.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
PMI's Practice Standard for WBS acknowledges WBS Quality Principle 1 as, "A quality WBS is a
WBS constructed in such a way that it satisfies all of the requirements for its use in a project."
89- Which of the following documents provides more detailed descriptions of the components in
the WBS, including Work Packages and Control Accounts?
A- Scope Statement
B- Project Scope of Work
D- WBS Dictionary
Hint:
This document is created during the Create WBS process.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The WBS dictionary is a document generated by the Create WBS process that supports the WBS.
The WBS dictionary provides more detailed descriptions of the components in the WBS,
including work packages and control accounts.
90- You are currently performing the Validate Scope process for the first time on your project
with the customer. As the customer is inspecting the deliverables, they determine that
everything that was supposed to be delivered has been delivered. However, there is also some
additional functionality that was included in the deliverables that they find valuable, but that
was not specifically requested by them. This extra functionality was included because some of
the project team members thought it would enhance the quality of the deliverable, but it was
included without the customer requesting it, and without a change request being created for it.
In which of the following processes would this gold plating have been detected if the process
was properly performed?
A- Collect Requirements
B- Define Scope
C- Control Scope
D- Perform Integrated Change Control
Hint:
You want to detect any gold plating that your team has performed before you invite the
customer to perform the Validate Scope process with you.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Collect Requirements and Define Scope are processes that are performed early in the project,
way before the deliverables have even been created. These processes were performed and
completed as a basis for your scope baseline but they won't help you detect gold plating.
Perform Integrated Change Control will not help you detect gold plating either because no
change requests were created for this additional functionality. If the Control Scope process was
performed properly, the activities centered around performing an internal inspection of the
deliverables against the scope baseline would immediately tell you that this additional
functionality was not included as part of the original scope.
91- You gathered requirements over the last two weeks and completed the scope document
today for your IT project. What should your team do as soon as the project scoping is done?
A- Start working on the project execution

B- Add resources to each requirement
C- Create Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
D- Prepare the Project Management Plan
Hint:
All of the processes in the planning phase go in a particular order. Look for an option that comes
after the Collect Requirements and Define Scope processes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
As the requirements have been collected and the scope has been defined, the next step would
be to create the WBS.
92- Which of the following is an output of the Collect Requirements process?
A- Change Requests
B- Deliverables
D- Stakeholder Register
Hint:
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Collect Requirements process has the following two outputs:
* Requirements Documentation
93- You have been assigned as a project manager for a public utility project. The scope of the
project is unclear. Most of the project requirements will be gathered from the public. To avoid
ambiguity, you want to brainstorm the requirements with a group of experts using a voting
process to rank the most powerful ideas for further prioritization. The experts will be together in
a room and will interact with one another. You believe this is the best way to get results in a
short time frame. Then you will present these prioritized requirements to the public for their
input. Which of the following group creativity techniques would be best to use in this scenario?
A- Delphi Technique
C- Affinity Diagram
D- Mind Mapping
Hint:
This is one of the group creativity techniques used to brainstorm ideas using a voting process.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The nominal group technique enhances brainstorming. It can be used with a voting process in
order to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming and prioritization. There are some
similarities between the nominal group technique and the Delphi technique, however there are
key differences. The nominal group technique is usually conducted in face-to-face manner and is
used to make decisions in a short time frame. As opposed to the Delphi technique, which tends
to be anonymous and may take several iterations among experts over a prolonged period of
time.
94- What sort of project documents are updated during the Validate Scope process?
A- Documents that define the project
B- Documents that define the scope
C- Documents that report the status of product completion
D- Documents that report the status of project completion
Hint:
The Validate Scope process is performed to formally accept the completed project deliverables.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Don't get confused between the project and product. The Validate Scope process relates to the
product verification. Documents that report the status of product completion are updated
during the Validate Scope process. Documents that define the product are also updated during
the Validate Scope process.
95- Which of the following documents used on a project is considered the foundation for Work
Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
A- Project Management Plan
B- Project Charter
D- Project Schedule
Hint:
Look for a key input to the WBS process.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Requirements documentation is the foundation for WBS. Cost, schedule, and quality planning
are all built upon these requirements.
96- What is the difference between the Validate Scope process and the Control Scope process?
A- Control Scope is performed by the project team, while Validate Scope is performed by the
customer.
B- Control Scope formalizes the acceptance of the deliverables, while Validate Scope involves
monitoring the status of both the project scope and the product scope.
C- Validate Scope formalizes the acceptance of the deliverables, while Control Scope involves
monitoring the status of both the project scope and the product scope.
D- There is no real difference between these two processes.
Hint:
In which of the listed processes are deliverables verified?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Validate Scope formalizes the acceptance of the deliverables, while Control Scope involves
monitoring the status of both the project scope and the product scope during project execution.
97- Which of the following tools should a customer use on a project to make sure the
deliverables meet the requirements mentioned in the requirements documentation?
A- Control Chart
B- Product analysis
C- Inspection
D- Statistical Sampling
Hint:
Look for the keyword 'measuring'. Measuring and verifying is used in the Validate Scope process.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Inspection includes all activities such as measuring, examining, and verifying to determine
whether work and deliverables meet requirements and product acceptance criteria.
98- You need public opinion as part of the requirements gathering process for your project. You
selected a wide variety of people for your study and want to use a requirements gathering
technique that can produce results quickly. Which technique is best suited for this scenario?
A- Observations
B- Group Decision Making Techniques
C- Group Creativity Techniques
D- Questionnaires and Surveys
Hint:
Look for the technique that reaches a wide number of respondents in a short period of time.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Questionnaires and Surveys are written sets of questions designed to quickly accumulate
information from a wide number of respondents with a quick turnaround time.
99- You are in the testing phase of your project and looking for a document that links test
scenarios to requirements to make sure that all the requirements are tested before getting
stakeholder acceptance. Which document will be of most help to you?
B- Scope Document
C- Project Management Plan
D- Requirements Traceability Matrix
Hint:
Although you are in the testing phase, you are looking for a document that was produced during
the phase where requirements were collected.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
A Requirements Traceability Matrix links requirements to the test strategy and test scenarios.
This is useful in testing the product.
100- Doris is managing a telecom network deployment project. During the Validate Scope
process with the project customer, Doris detects some flaws in the final deliverables. However,
the customer has not detected these flaws and has signed the deliverable acceptance
certificates. What is the correct next step for Doris?
A- Accept the deliverables as the customer has accepted them
B- Accept the deliverables but do not hand them over before secretly fixing the issues
C- Issue a change request
D- Terminate the project as the final deliverables are flawed

Hint:
Doris needs to make the correct and sensible decision.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Even though the customer has not detected the flaws, Doris should highlight the shortcomings
and should not accept the deliverable acceptance certificates. Doris needs to issue change
requests in order to perform defect repair.
101- Which of the following is the process of monitoring the status of the project scope, product
scope, and managing changes to the scope baseline?
A- Direct and Manage Project Work
B- Monitor and Control Project Work
C- Control Scope
D- Perform Integrated Change Control
Hint:
Which keyword do you see three times in the question?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
managing changes to the scope baseline.
102- A requirements traceability matrix uses attributes that help to define key information about
the requirements. Which of the following attributes are most commonly used?
A- Unique Identifier, Cost, and Resource Name
B- Cost, Risk, and Stakeholder Name
C- Unique Identifier, textual description of the requirement, and owner
D- Cost, Resource, and Owner

Hint:
Attributes used in a Requirements Traceability Matrix are used to display key information about
each requirement. The Requirements Traceability Matrix is prepared in the early stages of
planning.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The requirements traceability matrix contains attributes such as unique identifier, textual
description of the requirement, owner, source, priority, version, and other items. The WBS, cost,
and resource names may or may not be known at the time when the requirements traceability
matrix is initially drafted.
The difference between a resource and an owner can be that the resource is responsible for
executing the work needed to meet the requirement, e.g. build a software add-in, and the
owner can be a person, most often in the project team, that is responsible to ensure the
requirement has been met and that the feature, functionality, service, has been adequately
tested.
103- You are managing a team of 16 electrical and mechanical engineers on a PLC design project.
Your team is designing a product that will be used on oil platforms throughout the world. So far,
every time that your team prepared a new design for this project, a redesign of some of the
components was necessary as more information became available. After several design reviews,
the design was finally approved, and your team was allowed to proceed to the Implementation
phase. The repetition of the design process in this scenario is an example of:
A- Progressive Elaboration
B- Scope Creep
C- Gold Plating
D- Decomposition
Hint:
You are redesigning as new details regarding the requirements are identified in the Design
phase.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Requirements documentation describes how individual requirements meet the business needs
of the project. Requirements may start out at a high level and become progressively more
detailed as more specific information and more accurate estimates become available.
Continually detailing and improving a plan in this way is called Progressive Elaboration.
104- The Validate Scope process in a project is defined as:
A- The process of collecting requirements
B- The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope
C- The process of formalizing the acceptance of completed deliverables
D- The process of monitoring and recording results from executing the quality activities to assess
performance
Hint:
The Validate Scope process ensures that customers are completely satisfied with the outputs of
each phase or project. Choose the answer based on the output of each phase or project.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Validate Scope is the process of formalizing the acceptance of completed deliverables.
105- Which of the following cannot be performed using a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
A- Develop a clear vision of the end products or outcomes produced by the project
B- Divide the project scope into hierarchical, manageable, definable packages of work
C- Communicate with stakeholders and aid in clearly identifying accountability to a level of detail
necessary for effectively managing and controlling the project
D- Develop risk response planning for identified risks
Hint:
Think of all the ways you can use your WBS.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The WBS assists project leaders, project team members, and stakeholders in the development of
a clear vision of the end products or outcomes produced by the project. To be more precise, the
WBS provides a clear vision of the work of the project.
The WBS divides the project scope into hierarchical, manageable, definable packages of work
that balance the control needs of management with an appropriate and effective level of
detailed project data. The WBS provides the framework for all deliverables across the project life
cycle. The various levels of the WBS also provide support for focusing communication with
stakeholders and aid in clearly identifying accountability to a level of detail necessary for
effectively managing and controlling the project. However, a WBS cannot be used to develop risk
response planning for identified risks.
106- You are the project manager of an embedded systems project. You have already handed
over deliverables for the first two phases and are preparing to hand over the deliverables of the
third and final phase. After this delivery, the client informs you that the deliverables do not meet
the agreed upon specifications and have to be reworked. He says that the standard for the
deliverable acceptance was discussed in one of the early status calls during project initiation and
sends the meeting minutes to you.
Which of the following documents is the best reference for the project manager to understand
what constitutes delivery acceptance?
A- Project Charter
B- The meeting minutes
C- Acceptance criteria in the requirements document
D- Delivery document
Hint:
You are looking for the document that contains the agreed upon acceptance criteria.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Acceptance criteria are defined in Collect Requirements as part of the requirements

documentation. They are also defined in the Scope Statement in the Project Management plan.
They are later used in the Validate Scope process to ensure that they have been met.
The meeting minutes that the customer sent to you may very well also contain some criteria, but
the agreed upon version is found in the requirements documentation. (Note that the answer
intentionally uses "requirements document" instead of the correct PMBOK terminology
"requirements documentation". The spirit remains the same.)
107- You are running a software development project and currently the project stakeholders are
in the process of accepting deliverables. While doing this task they want to compare non-
functional requirements such as level of service, performance, and supportability for the
deliverables to see if the deliverables meet the requirements. These non-functional
requirements are usually documented in the:
A- Requirements Documentation
B- Requirements Management Plan
C- Issue Log
D- Work Breakdown Structure
Hint:
Non-functional requirements are generated from the Collect Requirements process.

Requirements Documentation is one of the outputs of this process.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Requirements Documentation contains non-functional requirements such as level of service,

performance, safety, security, compliance, supportability, and retention.

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1- Which of the following is not an input to the Validate Scope process?

B-Requirements Traceability Matrix

D-Project Management Plan

The Validate Scope process has the following five inputs.

Project Management Plan

Requirements Traceability Matrix

Work Performance Data

Which of the following outputs is missing from the list?

B- Project Management Plan

C- Organizational Process Assets Updates

D- Activity Duration Estimates

The Create WBS process has the following two outputs:

Project Documents Updates

B- Close Project or Phase

C- Perform Quality Control

D- Monitor and Control Project Work

Formal acceptance of deliverables is performed in the Validate Scope process.

A- Work Breakdown Structure

What would you do with the rejected deliverables?

A- Initiate a Corrective Action

B- Initiate a Change Request for Defect Repair

C- Send them to the historical database

D- Remove them from the project

They need to be repaired to meet the acceptance criteria.

B- Nominal Group Technique

A- Scope Management Plan

B- Configuration Management Plan

C- Schedule Management Plan

D- Quality Management Plan

9- Which of the following is a tool or technique of the Validate Scope process?

D- Change Control Meetings

Validate Scope is the process of formalizing acceptance of the completed

D- Change Control Meetings

A- Perform Integrated Change Control

C- Perform Quality Assurance

Let's review the other choices:

which is done in the Control Quality process.

C- Perform Integrated Change Control

The Control Scope process produces Change Requests.

B- Work Performance Data

C- Requirements Traceability Matrix

B- Plan Quality Management

C- Monitor and Control Project Work

Which of these processes provides inputs to the Control Scope process?

A- Ask the team member to divulge the omitted information

C- Award the team member for superb communication skills

D- Excuse herself from the inspection

All relevant information should be shared during project communications.

A- Document the reasons for non-acceptance

B- Ask the team to correct the problem

C- Assess the impact on cost, quality and schedule

D- Adjust the project baseline

Find out the reasons for non-acceptance.

Divide and subdivide the project scope.

B- Ask your team members to start working on the deliverables

A- Roles and Responsibilities

B- Project phase closure guidelines

D- Personnel administration policies

A- Project Integration Management

B- Project Stakeholder Management

C- Project Scope Management

D- Project Quality Management