UNIT 9 - genetics

one of a number of different forms of a gene

allele
threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic
information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus

chromosome
Crossing over causes resulting cell to have variations/differences.
Chromosomes are assorted randomly during meiosis.

crossing-over
process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

differentiation

dominant - capital letter, hides other alleles

recessive - lower case latter, hidden by other alleles

dominant/recessive
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell
division results in extra genetic material from chromosome 21.

Down syndrome causes a distinct facial appearance, intellectual

disability, and developmental delays.

Downs Syndrome
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait ;
factor that is passed from parent to offspring

gene
UNIT 9 - genetics

genotype - genetic makeup of an organism

phenotype - physical characteristics of an organism

genotype/phenotype
heterozygous - Tt
heterozygous - having two different alleles for a particular gene - Tt

homozygous - Having two identical alleles - TT, tt

homozygous - TT, tt
the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from
one generation to another

heredity
offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

hybrid
micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped
together in pairs, arranged in order in decreasing size

Karyotype
chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the
relationship within a family across several generations

pedigree