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Biotite- is a very common form of mica. It is named in honor Jean Baptiste Biot (1774 - 1862), a
French physicist, mathematician, and astronomer who researched the mica minerals for their optical
properties. Because of Biotite's abundance, its presence is usually lacking in collections except for it
being an accessory mineral to other minerals. Biotite can come in enormous crystal sheets that can
weigh several hundred pounds. Thin sheets can be peeled off as layers, and the thinner a layer is
peeled the greater its transparency becomes.
Hematite-is colored black to steel or silver-gray, brown to reddish brown, or red. It is mined as
the main ore of iron. Varieties include kidney ore, martite (pseudomorphs after magnetite), iron
rose and specularite (specular hematite). While the forms ofhematite vary, they all have a rust-
red streak.
Limestone-is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the
form of the mineral calcite. It most commonly forms in clear, warm, shallow marine waters.
It is usually an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation of shell, coral,
algal, and fecal debris. It can also be a chemical sedimentary rock formed by the
precipitation of calcium carbonate from lake or ocean water.