History 167: World War I

HISTORY 167 Western powers; that the United States needs to pursue
KOREAN WAR long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of
Russian expansive tendencies)
Harry Truman Winston Churchill: from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste
assumes the presidency (Vice President) in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the
1948 Presidential Election continent
Harry Truman (Democrat, Missouri) Establishment of Military Alliances
Thomas Dewey (Republican, New York) West: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Created at Washington D.C.
Foreign Policy United States
Ending World War II Canada
o Peace Conference France
Place: Britain
Potsdam (Germany) Belgium
Potsdam Conference Luxembourg
United States: Harry Truman Netherlands
Great Britain: Clement Atlee Italy
Soviet Union: Josef Stalin Iceland
Agreements: Norway
1. complete disarmament of Germany Denmark
2. division of Germany into zones of occupation Portugal
Divided Germany East: Warsaw Pact
Western zone:under the control of the United States, Great Central Intelligence Agency
Britain, France; became known as the Federal Republic of Created: National Security Act of 1947
Germany 1. to provide national security intelligence to senior United
Eastern zone: under the control of Soviet Union States policymakers
3. division of Berlin into two:
a. East Berlin Foreign Policy
b. West Berlin Building the Peace
Berlin Blockade: when the Soviet Union blocked railway Yalta Conference : agreement was reached to establish
and road access of the Allied Powers going to West a peacekeeping organization (United Nations)
Berlin 50 countries met in San Francisco to draft the charter of
Harry Truman : orders the airlifting of supplies to West the United Nations
Berlin Role: international peacekeeping organization
Harry Truman: ... at the present moment, nearly every United States
nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The Harry Truman: We must build a new world, a far better
choice is too often not a free one. world --- one in which the eternal dignity of man is
One way of life is based upon the will of the majority and is respected
distinguished by free institutions, representative United Nations organs:
government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, 1. General Assembly
freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political 2. Security Council
oppression. 3. Secretariat
The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority 4. International Court of Justice
forcibly imposed upon by the majority. It relies upon terror 5. Trusteeship Council
and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, 6. Economic and Social Council
and the suppression of personal freedoms. Special agencies:
Truman Doctrine: to support all free people who are 1. United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF)
resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or 2. World Health Organization (WHO)
by outside pressures 3. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
1. US gave $400 million in military and economic aid to 4. United Nations Educational, Scientific and 5. Cultural
Greece and Turkey Organization (UNESCO)
GREEK CIVIL WAR 1946-1949: to support Greek 6. International Labor Organization (ILO)
government army (democratic) against the Democratic 7. International Monetary Fund
Army of Greece (communist) 8. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
TURKEY: to help Turkey from being forced by the Soviet 9. United Nations High Commission for Refugees
Union to share control of shipping between the Black Headquarters: New York City
Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
Containment: entailed the restriction of Communism to
its current borders as the only way to secure world
peace; first enunciated by George Kennan (American
advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian; wrote
standard histories on relations between Russia and the
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 History 167: World War I
Domestic Policy
George-Barden Act: expanded federal support for
vocational education
Farmers Home Administration to assist self-help rural
housing group to make grants and loans for the repair
and construction of rural homes
Veterans' Emergency Housing Act: encouraged the
construction of housing for returning soldiers
National Mental Health Act: authorized federal support
for mental health research and treatment programs
Housing Act of 1949: provided federal financing for slum
clearance programs associated with urban renewal
projects increased authorization for the Federal Housing
Administration (FHA) mortgage insurance
Housing Act of 1949 extended federal money to build
more than 800,000 public housing units; permitted the
FHA to provide financing for rural homeowners
Disaster Loan Act (1949): made farmers who
experienced severe crop losses due to natural disasters
eligible for special low-interest loans
Social Security Act of 1950: increased welfare benefits;
extended the coverage of social security to elderly
Americans; raised the minimum wage
Harry Truman
National slogan: Fair Deal
"Every segment of our population, and every individual, has
a right to expect from his government a Fair Deal.
o Fair Deal: 21-point program of domestic legislation
outlining a series of proposed actions in the fields of
economic development and social welfare
Korean War
Korea 1910-1945: ruled by Japan
38th Parallel
North Korea: north of the 38th Parallel
South Korea: south of the 38th Parallel
United States: calls on the United Nations Security Council
to intervene
U.N. Security Council
Truman: supports U.N. Security Council Resolution;
sends U.S. military forces to the U.N. force going to
Korea
Truman: orders Douglas MacArthur to send American
military forces to Korea
Korean War
July-September 1950: MacArthur lands at Inchon
OCTOBER 1950: China enters the war, sends army units to
North Korea
Korean War
1951-1953: continuation of the war with no side winning
United States and the Korean War
MacArthur: wanted to drop an atomic bomb in China
Truman: convinced that America cannot win against China
(because of sheer number alone)
APRIL 11, 1951: Truman relieved MacArthur of his command
Truman vs MacArthur
Resolution:
the military is subordinate to civilian authority
Mobile Army Surgical Hospital
M.A.S.H.: introduced in the Korean War ; refers to a medical
unit serving as a fully functional hospital in a combat area of
operations
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Postwar Industry: geared towards production of consumer
goods
Consumer Goods
focused towards making life comfortable
Industry Wages
showed rise/increase in real income
o Real Income: enabled Americans to buy what they
needed
o Discretionary Income: enabled Americans to buy what
they wanted
Economic Growth
Manifestations:
1. growth in the sizes of farms
2. Large-Scale Farming (lowered the cost of production)
3. continuation of the automobile culture in America
American Car Culture
1. introduction of drive-in theaters
2. introduction of curb service in drive-in cafes
Housing
1. demand for housing of returning soldiers (World War II and
Korean War)
Initial location: in university campuses
Quonset Hut: refers to housing located in university
campuses; housing provided to returning soldiers
Suburb: refers to the new planned community for
housing of the general public; located at the outskirts of
a city but within commuting distance
Factors:
1. greater availability of cars
2. expansion of highway system
3. affordability of housing in the suburbs
Suburban Living : combined elements of city life with
features of rural living
Suburban Living
Features:
1. picturesque countryside
2. space for recreation
3. peace and quiet
Significance: made possible the American dream of
marriage, homeownership and parenthood for thousands of
young people who longed for wholesome stability
Suburban Living
Transformation of American Lifestyle:
1. daily commutes from suburbs to jobs in cities
2. Traffic encountered in the daily commutes
3. creation of new local governments (county)
4. creation of new local governments (county)
5. establishment of new school systems
6. more whites transferred to the suburbs
7. Hispanics and Blacks remained in the cities
Disadvantages:
1. conformity to a pattern
2. decline of individuality
3. lack of privacy
 History 167: World War I

Novelties in American Life

1. Pillsbury pie crust mix
2. Ragu spaghetti sauce
3. Pillsbury hot roll mix
4. Almond joy
5. Cheetos snacks
6. Nestles quik chocolate
7. Kraft sliced cheese
8. Fritos corn chips
9. Sara Lee cheese cake
10. Smarties
11. Kelloggs sugar pops

12. Dunkin Doughnut fast food chain

13. Tropicana orange juice
14. Jack in the Box fast food chain
15. Taco Bell fast food chain
16. Kraft cheese whiz
17. Kelloggs sugar frosted flakes

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