UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

A PROJECT REPORT ON

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY WITH REFERENCE

TO COLD STORAGE

SUBMITTED BY
UMESH GAIKWAD

M.COM (PART-2) (SEM-III) (BANKING AND INSURANCE)

ROLL NO-41

PROJECT GUIDE
PROF. DILIP BHANAGADE

V.P.M.s
K.G. JOSHI COLLEGE OF ARTS AND
N.G. BEDEKAR COLLEGE OF COMMERCE,
THANE - 400601.

2013-2014

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 VIDYA PRASARAK MANDAL, THANE
K.G. JOSHI COLLEGE OF ARTS &
N.G. BEDEKAR COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Mr. / Mrs. _____________________________________
Of m.com ______has undertaken& completed the project work titled
______________________________________during the academic
year _____under the guidance of Mr. /Mrs.______________________
Submitted on _________________to this college on fulfillment of the
curriculum of MASTERS OF COMMERCE, UNIVERSITY OF
MUMBAI.
This is a bonafide project work and information presented is
true and original to the best of our knowledge and belief.

SUBJECT EXTERNAL
GUIDE EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset I take opportunity to articulate my gratitude and thanks to

prof. PROF. DILIP BHANAGADE for his valuable guidance and
encouragement that helped to complete my project successfully. He
armed with the required knowledge for this project work and guided me
all through the way to help me come with a great report regarding the
study.

Last but not least I would thank my friends who supported and co-
operated with me. I have received an invaluable response from them and
I thank them again.

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 DECLARATION

I, UMESH GAIKWAD, studying in M.COM PART-2 SEM-III

(BANKING AND INSURANCE) of V.P.M.s K.G. JOSHI COLLEGE
OF ARTS AND N.G. BEDEKAR COLLEGE OF COMMERCE hereby
declare that I have completed this project on RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY WITH REFERENCE TO COLD STORAGE
in the academic year 2013-2014 as per the requirement of the Mumbai
university as a part of M.COM PART-2 (BANKING AND
INSURANCE) programme. The information presented through this
project is true and original to the best of my knowledge.

UMESH GAIKWAD

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1.1 Introduction:

India is second largest producers of fruits and vegetables in the world but its share
in the world market both in fresh and processed form is less than one percent.
Moreover due to inadequacy of infrastructure and processing facilities a large
percentage of horticultural produce gets perished before it reaches the consumer.
Fruits, grains vegetables and flowers being much more remunerative than the
cereal
crops, have registered a constant increase in their production in the last few
decades. It is estimated that on account of inadequate post harvest infrastructure
substantial percentage gets wasted. Several institutions have reported that
depending on various type of crops seasons of production and markets the factors
like harvesting , post harvest handling storage transportation etc. cause major
losses.
As per general estimates the total turnover in the food market is approximately Rs.
250,000 crore of which value added food products comprises Rs. 80,000 crore.
Since liberalizations in August 1991 and till December 1998 proposals for projects
of over Rs. 72,000 crore have been proposed in various segments of the food and
agro processing industry.

According to a study by the National Council for Applied Economic Research

(NCAER), the Indian food market in 1995 was Rs. 248,000 crore. According to A
CII-Mc Kinsey report on processed foods industry the food market at 1995 prices
is estimated at Rs. 225,000 crore. According to the study, the frozen vegetables
market has the potential to touch Rs. 350 crore in value terms by 2005. But this

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would be possible only if adequate cold storage facilities are available in different
parts of the country. Maintenance of cold chain being essential in this sector,
logistics play a very important role. The total cold storage capacity is over 100
million tonnes per annum, resulting in an estimated wastage of Rs. 23,000 crore
annually.
The food processing industry in India is regarded as a sunrise industry. Companies,
big and small are gearing up to grab a slice of the processed food market.
According to the National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) the
number of households buying basic food items is likely double to 33.1 million in
the next eight years compared to 18.1 million on subsistence diets and 2.5 million
premium foods consumers.
Creation of storage is the only remedy that could reduce perishability and hence
value addition. With adequate storage and modern processing facilities India could
emerge as a leading exporter of horticultural produce. The agrarian base of India
offers a great potential for processing of fruits and vegetables. Several states and
the Central Government have introduced incentive schemes to promote the
industry
as it is considered to be one that can play a major role in upgrading the standard of
life of framers.

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Prospects for Cold Storage

The preservation of perishable food stuffs is a matter of vital importance in this

country, especially when there is a problem of food shortage and the loss of food is
abnormally high due to the lack of proper storage facilities at many producing and
consuming centers. It has been observed that certain important nutritive foods like
vegetables, fruits, eggs, etc. are available in abundance in the production season
and their prices drop to unremunerative levels, thus causing a serious
discouragement to increase production. Due to the lack of facilities for proper
preservation the commodity is scarce in the off season and the prices shoot up
considerably.
The provision of cold storage facilities as has been experienced would
1. Prevent wastage of food stuffs
2. Ensure remunerative prices to the producer which would in itself provide the
incentive for increased production
3. Ensure steady supplies over a longer period of time
4. Stabilize prices
It is therefore, desirable to set up a chain of cold storage and frozen food storage
especially in the major producing and consuming centers, if feasible.
There are many kinds of vegetables and fruits and other food stuffs which can be
stored in cold stores for periods ranging from two weeks to over eight months. As
per the report of NAFED shows that the total capacity available now in
Maharashtra is about 200,000 M.T. which is meager, as compared to the capacities
available in states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Punjab etc. It is,
therefore clear that a good scope exists for establishing additional cold storage
facilities in Maharashtra.

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1.2 General Information on Storage of Various Commodities

The refrigerated storage which includes the cold storage and frozen storage is one
of the best known methods of preservation of food stuffs to retain the food value
and flavor. Although, refrigeration is an expensive process, the cold storage unites
of properly selected capacities can be economically viable. The economic concept
of the cold storage is that the storage cost must be less than the difference in price
of the commodity stored, between flush and lean season.
In case of fruits and vegetables, the post cold storage period is an important
consideration for deciding whether the cold storage could be located at the
producing or the consuming items like potatoes, apples, Raisins, Tamarind and
some other Dry fruits and spices have a better post cold storage life and therefore
storage for those commodities can be set up both at the producing and the
consuming centers

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1.3 Incentives and Financial Policy

The government of India, ministry of agriculture has approved the capital

investment subsidy scheme for construction, expansion, modernizations of cold
storages and storages of horticulture produce. The national horticulture board
announces the implementation of this scheme. The feature of the scheme is as
under:
For wider dispersal, projects up to 6000 M. T. capacity would be preferred. The
cost of 5000 M.T. capacity now cold storage and expansion of existing capacity
should not exceed Rs 2.10 crore @ Rs. 4000 per tonne, for modernization @ Rs.
1000 per tonne.
25% promoters contribution
50% term loan by commercial Co-operative banks at PLR-1% through NABARD
refinance.
25% back ended capital investment subsidy National Horticulture Board shall be
routed through NABARD/NCDC for opening Borrower rise subsidy Reserve fund
account by lending commercial/Co-operative banks. The subsidy is restricted up to
Rs. 50 Lacs.
Wherever term loan are not raised from institutional sources and the promoters
fund projects entirely through internal resources generation, such proposals be
submitted to NHB directly for availing subsidy after completion of the project.
Emphasis shall be laid on the following
Reducing PHM losses with multi chamber and multi product facilities
Modern design/technology and energy saving equipment / devices to be adopted to
avoid obsolescence of machinery, etc.

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Applications to be submitted to commercial /co-operative banks and NCDC
(As thecase may be) on their applications format and National Horticulture Board
may be informed accordingly.

1.4 Status of Cold Storage Industries:

Size of food market in India-Rs.8,60,000 Crores. Primarily processed food market

Rs. 2,80,000 crores. Value added processed food market Rs. 1, 80,000 Crores.
Investment during the 10th plan is estimated at Rs. 62,105 Crores. Industry growth
rate during the last five years is estimated at 7.14% against GDP of 6.2%.
Investment required during next ten years Rs. 1, 10,000 Crores. Low level of
processing is done mainly. 2% in the case of fruits and vegetables, 14%in milk, 4%
in fisheries, 1% in meat and poultry products. Indias share in worlds processed
food production-1%. Value addition 20% against 45% in Philippines. Indias share
in global agricultural export is 1.6% of $520 billion. Exports have stagnated during
the last five years. There is unorganized marketing and distribution of food items.
72% of food consumption in the world is through organized set up whereas it is 1%
in India. Fragmented retailing results in high cost due to inefficiency, wastage.
Estimated wastage fruits & vegetables in India 35 %.

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Introduction to Sarveshwari Village Industries (Nafed Cold
Storage)
History:
Sarveshwari village industry was established in the year October, 2001. The
objective of the company was to promote product of village industries &
agriculture products. The company has first set up a unit in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh
for manufacturing handmade paper & handmade woolen carpet. The product were
export oriented therefore it has been exported to various countries like Germany &
European country. The companies diversify and entered into the warehousing
business. It has acquired a cold storage owned by NAFED on lease basis &
managing successfully with effect from November 2004. It is a partnership
organization. Its chief executive is Mr. Sailesh Singh, having vital experience in
the field of business as per objective of the company & good command in
managing cold storage business. The other partner Mr. Jaipal is also having
tremendous experience in the international business & finance. It is one of the
main players in the cold storage industry at APMC market. It is spread over the
area of 3000 sq meter. The cold storage is situated in the heart of APMC market,
Navi Mumbai from where fruits, vegetables, dry fruits, spices & pulses are
available in sizeable quantity. Therefore, huge store of commodity are available in
to cold storage. There are excellent facilities available for the loading & unloading
of vehicles. There is ample open space available which is an additional facility
available for clients for grading, packing of the products.

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Manpower and Organizational Structure
The personnel requirement of the cold storage unit is as under:
Manager (1):
The Manager is in charge of cold storage for efficient and continuous running of
the plant. He is also responsible for procurement, preservation and marketing &
booking of material for storage as well as general administration.
Plant Operators (4):
They are incharge & responsible for maintaining proper temperature & humidity
and for carrying out the actual repair and maintenance of the equipment.
Accounts Clerk (1):
The role of clerk is to keep necessary accounting records, handling of cash and
other matters relating to the accounts section.
Others: Helpers (4), Security Guard (3), Peon (1)

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Objective of the study
Every business is wired today, marketers and academicians in this increasingly
networked business environment is writing the new rule of marketing. These new
laws of marketplace are playing on important role in developing marketing
strategies.

Branding Lost its Meaning!

The marketing function disappears into a network of relationships and
responsibilities between man and machine throughout the value chain. For
marketers, the end goal changes from creating brand awareness to satisfying
customers. In todays network economy, brand itself becomes a persistent
presence which sustains the customer dialogue whenever the customer chooses.
Branding is all about customer loyalty. It is always seen as a result of customer
Producer relationship. In the era of total access, this relationship is becoming more
Transactional than personal. In total access environment, many consumers will
choose a brand for pragmatic reasons rather than emotional. The ever changing
market place and shifting consumer loyalty is creating challenges for producers.
Few of the challenges for producers are:

Changing Symbol: Technology has changed the way people perceive things, which
in turn, has changed business practices. Today, ATM has emerged as a symbol of
trust in consumers conscious mind replacing old economy bank infrastructure.
Impact of Technology: Building brand in technology business is building alliances
and relationship. It is seen that in technology market, developing brand is all about

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developing industry standard.
Hidden Choices: The component of the end product is mostly unknown to the end
consumer. Consumers often do not know with which producer they are dealing
with. Intel and Visa are the diffusion distributors of Dell, Compaq, and Bank of
America. The erosion of brands has evolved from technology, social and cultural
influences. An easy access to information and power of choice has converted
onetime brand loyal to brand switcher. Today, consumers have choice to select
from wide variety of offerings; hence user preferences vary from situation to
situation. In the last two decades, consumer preferences have changed.
Few people confuse preferences with values. Preferences change with time and
vary widely with the changing social and economic context of a particular market.
It changes with changing technology, but values do not. These changing
preferences give marketing a new dimension of mass customization and self
service. The business is looking for lasting market presence and sustaining brand.
There are two keys to it: Point of access and marketing architecture network.
Persistent presence
Market is changing its dimension at the speed of thought. This dynamic change is
changing consumers preferences and perceptions. Today, every business has
persistent presence. In fact, in this competitive market, it is a must for the very
survival of any business. Persistent presence is consumers, consistent and reliable
experience with the producer or retailers. A logistical system that focuses on
operational system and communicational system of any company is the backbone
of the persistent presence. Natures of business, market condition, companies
competitive position are few of the factors which help any company in achieving
persistent presence. It is possible in many ways:

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 Presence through digital network e.g., ATM, e-broking
Physical presence: Location, Access e.g., Starbucks has more than 3,000 points
all over the world.
Embedded presence e.g., Intel
Presence through services e.g., E*TRADE, Yahoo!, Citibank
Company can establish persistent presence in many ways. It all depends on the
nature of the business and environment the company is operating in. McKenna
suggests a few key points to establish persistent presence:
Market Architecture Approach to Total Access e.g., Dell, Wal-Mart
Beef up your customers support infrastructure e.g., Coca-Cola
Think Total Access e.g., AOL as a total Internet venture to AOL as an
entertainment and media company which provides total access option.
Invest in Time, Money are customer Relationship e.g., CRM initiatives
The Market Architecture
Market architecture is the functional relation of inbound and outbound functions.
In transactional working environment with shortened product life cycle, changing
technology and shifting channels, and increased competition, marketing
architecture has become dynamic. Apart from technological innovations, human
interactions also play the key role in defining marketing architecture.
Shared Creativity: In the B2B market place, to gain market share, companies work
closely with their customers to know their needs and demands better. Few of the
innovations driven by customer needs are Apple II personal computer, Microsoft
MS-DOS. Keeping Customer Trust: To build or sustain customer trust, marketing
architecture must perform as per acceptation of the customer and respond

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consistently to their queries and problems. Business earning customer trust can
retain it either by meeting or exceeding expectations.

Nurturing Change: The Organic Factor- Marketing architecture is dynamic. The

ability to respond to the new customer information and changing business and
social need is yet another important aspect of marketing architecture. IT is playing
an important role in the development of dynamic marketing architecture, and also
in the relationship development between the producer and consumer. In a situation,
when information related service has shifted from retailers or distributors to
producers enterprise architecture approach in marketing becomes important.
Marketing architecture by learning how to better interact with itself in response to
the environment and in connection with the customers needs and wants. The
important factors for successful marketing architecture are: Customer satisfaction,
developing different channels for different needs, identifying value of connected
partners, and developing the strategic framework.
Total Global Access
Internet has changed the definition of the market infrastructure. Effective
communication and transport methods have narrowed down the gap between the
supply and demand time giving a new dimension to the global marketing. Growth
in market economies, deregulation, privatization, and new global consumers has all
created a new global market.
The focus in this wired world is changing from think globally but act locally to
act globally connect locally. World Wide Web helps business in connecting all
channels. It also connects people across border and helps them come closure to
market and increase their interaction. Internet has helped developing total global
access environment. With total global access, it is felt that the world has become

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more culturally diverse. In this changed business circumstances, marketing
executives need to take a comprehensive world market view to respond to
increasingly competitive environment where customers have access to all possible
information and are looking for local source and solutions. This global
connectivity has increased with mobile commerce giving birth to a new set of
consumers, mobile global consumer. The global e-commerce is focusing more on
establishing global persistent presence and developing global brands.

Roles and Responsibilities

The rise of Internet and total access has created a self service model for marketing
known as production by masses. This model works by providing customer with
information database and allowing them to design their expectations consistently
and reliably. The rise of Internet and total access has made marketing as
everyones job. It is the matrix of responsibilities shared byCEO who is seen as
chief strategist, who also work as a chief marketing executive of the organization.
He integrates all the
resources that enterprises need to invest and design to build a global infrastructure
strategy.
CIO is seen as chief total access architect. He possesses required skills, to be the
interface between the customers needs and companys response.
Director of R&D is seen as the chief novelty officer. Customer preferences
change fast in total access era and it is the duty of the Director, R&D to come up
with innovative products.
Vice president of operations and logistics helps meet customer delivery
expectations.

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 Vice president of marketing takes care of demand and supply factors and other
traditional marketing functions.
Corporate Creativity
Market impatience, competitive intensity, volatile market reaction and high
expectations from customers and investors are few of the factors which have
created competitive environment. In this competitive environment, to gain edge
over other players, companies have to work on corporate creativity. More creative
the company is throughout its entire enterprise; the more successful the company
will be in sustaining the growth

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Scope of the Study
Every research study has some scope which can be constructive and
accommodating for the industry and as well as for the people. So in this study the
researcher has found some significance of the study. With the study researcher
gains knowledge about the various aspects of food processing industry. The
various
products that are produce in the Indian agriculture market are fruits, vegetables and
dry fruits. It highlights on the plight of the Indian food processing industry. Its
contribution to Indian economy. It brings out role of food processing industry in
saving the food wastage. Through this report researcher has commence with the
cold storage industry in India. It also highlights the economy policy and the
requirement for cold storage industry. It points out the prospect of the cold storage
industry. It gives an idea about the number of the cold storage operating in
Mumbai, Thane and Navi Mumbai region. The various products stored in cold
storage and other details.
It also highlights on the topic of marketing. The role of marketing in a business.
The need of marketing in cold storage industry. Moreover this study provides
information and can be of a great help for an individual if he looking out to start a
new cold storage unit. The information about the capital needed and from which
other institute the fund can be raised is mentioned in this study. Here the researcher
has made use of the observation method in determining the factor that can
contribute to the growth of the business. The need of a SLA (Service Level
Agreement) with a brief overview of SLA has been discussed in the study over
here. Advertising which plays as important in a success of a business has been
mentioned in the study. The medium for advertisement selected has been

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newspaper. The merits and demerits of advertising in newspaper have been
discussed here. Advertisement can be effective in a business for its growth
Research Methodology :
Research can be defined as a scientific and systematic research for pertinent
information on a specific topic. In fact, research is an art of specific investigation.
Research is an activity and as such the term be used in a technical sense. Research
can be stated as the manipulation of things concepts or symbols for the purpose of
generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge whether that knowledge aids in
construction of theory or in the practice of an art. Research has its special
significance in solving various operational and planning problems of business and
industry. Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research
problem. Thus, when we talk about research methodology we not only talk of the
research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods we use in the
contexts of our research study and explain why we are using a particular method or
technique.
The steps involve in the research methodology are
1. Defining the Problem: In defining the problem, the researcher should take into
account the purpose of the study, the relevant background information, the
information needed and how it will be used in decision making. Problem definition
involves discussion with the decision makers, interviews with the industry
experts, analysis of the data
2. Research Design: The research design tells about the mode through which the
entire project is prepared. The research design put down the foundation of
conducting the project. A good research design will ensure that the research project
is conducted effectively and efficiently
3. Formative the data source: It means from where the researcher collect the data.

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It can be primary data or the secondary data as both sources are necessary in order
to get the proper result

4. Analyzing the data: After the data collection is over the researcher analyzed the
data and edited them and turned them in the useful tabulations. So, it became
useful in report study

5. Interpretation of the data: With the help of analyzed data researcher managed to
prepare project report. The analyzing of data will help the researcher to reach
towards its objectives. The interpretation of the data is required so that for others it
is easy to understand study in simple manner.

6. Report writing: The entire project should be documented in a written report.

This is the final step in preparing the project report. The objective of the report
writing is to report the findings of the study to the respective authorities

The purpose of research

1. Discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures.

2. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has
not been discovered as yet.
3. Research helps us to gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
insights into it.
4. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a
group.
5. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is

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associated with something else.
6. To test hypothesis of a casual relationship between variables.

The research method used was

1. conclusion oriented research method where after working with the cold storage
unit it was found that how marketing can be a tool to increase the business and
revenue of the firm.
2. The problem was identified, redesigns the enquiry as preceded and was prepared
to conceptualize.
3. Qualitative approach was there for the research purpose as during the summer
internship there was a function of interns insights and impressions.
4. The result that would be generated will be either in non-quantitative form or in
the form which are not subject to rigorous quantitative analysis.

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Limitation of the Study:
As far as it goes to the limitation of the study, it can said that marketing is more of
practical and less of theoretical aspects. The nature of the market is very volatile. It
keeps on changing and fluctuating. As a marketer what would seem right and
appropriate for me may or may not fit and seem to be appropriate for few. So the
conclusion and the suggestion may or may not be accepted by the end user. Apart
from this, the practice and policy of every organization is different. So, any
conclusion or suggestion may not be accepted in general for other cold storage
industries. The government policy also differs from state to state. All this does
account for the research work, the observation and other.eg: the marketing mix
which is ideally 4ps at times can be more then 4 or less than four

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Analysis & Interpretation
After reviewing the scenario, working of cold storage industry at Sarveshwari
Village Industries (A Nafed Cold Storage), the following were analyzed and
interpreted.

6.1 Service Level Agreement

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) defines the relationship between service

provider and the business customer and/or external customer. An SLA clarifies
the responsibilities between the service provider and the customer and it provides a
framework and a common understanding for both parties. An SLA is most
effective when the service provider and the business customer collaborate on what
should be included. Any SLA needs to be agreed upon by both parties. This
becomes a guideline for managing the relationship between the customer and the
Service Provider.
Because a SLA can be used to describe a variety of cold storage services; the
particular elements that are included in an SLA will depend on the circumstances.
A good SLA addresses:
What service(s) are being made available to what customers?
What level of service or quality of service should the customer expect?
What are the costs to provide this level of service?
How will the service be delivered?
How will the service provider monitor or track and report on performance?

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When will the SLA be reviewed?
This document describes what must be included in a Service Level Agreement
Who prepares the SLA?
The service provider develops the SLA in collaboration with the business customer
How To write a SLA?
An SLA is not a technical document and should be written in business terms.
Everyone needs to be able to understand it.
Use clear and concise wording and avoid ambiguity.
Avoid legal and technical jargon.
Avoid unnecessary technical terminology.
Provide a glossary of terms if necessary.
Have someone independent from the process review the SLA.

Service Level Agreement Contents

What is included in a Service Level Agreement will change depending on the
circumstances and the business. The most important thing to note when creating an
SLA is to keep it simple, measurable and realistic. It is important to understand
that SLAs cannot cover every possible situation that may arise. Listed below are
key sections that should be included in any agreement.
General Overview
Description of Services
Service Performance Level
Service Provider and Customer Responsibilities
Problem Management and Disaster Recovery Process
Periodic Review Process

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Termination of Agreement Process
Signatures
General Overview
This is a Service Level Agreement (SLA) between Cold Storage service provider
&Business Customer name. The purpose of this Service Level Agreement (SLA) is
to identify the basic services, and any agreed upon optional services, to be
provided by Cold Storage service provider for Business Customer Name.
This SLA covers the period from Date to Date and will be reviewed and revised at
the end of this period. Include a brief description of what the service or application
does.
Description of Services
Describe the service that the provider is promising to the customer.
What systems are supported?
What services are included?
What services are NOT included?
How will service be delivered?
What are the hours of operation (regular business hours and after hours support)?
When will regularly scheduled maintenance be performed?

Service Performance
This section describes how the service provider will monitor or track and report on
performance. The service provider must perform according to predefined and
measurable metrics. Choose metrics that are easily collected. Balance the
importance of a desired metric against its ease of collection. Avoid including an
excessive number of metrics in the SLA that cant be analyzed in a timely manner.
Any metrics included in a SLA should be capable of being measured on a regular

26
basis and the SLA should indicate who will provide this information. Some of the
most commonly used metrics include:

SERVICE COSTS
What are the costs to the business customer for the service?
Service Provider and Customer Responsibilities
Both the Service Provider and the Customer have responsibilities in support of the
service delivery process. It is important to distinguish between these relationships.
Describe the service provider duties and responsibilities. Examples are:
Meeting response times associated with service related incidents.
Generating service level reports for customer.
Training required staff on appropriate service support tools.
Notifying customers about all scheduled maintenance.
Developing and maintaining system related documentation (this could also be a
customer responsibility).
Managing user accounts.
Describe the customers duties and responsibilities. Examples are:
Adhering to any related policies, processes and procedures.
Reporting problems using the problem reporting procedures described in the SLA.
Scheduling in advance all service related requests and other special services with
the Service Provider. Developing and maintaining system related documentation
(this could also be a service provider responsibility). Making customer
representative(s) available when resolving a service related incident or request.
Communicating when system testing and/or maintenance may cause problems that
could interfere with standard business functions

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Periodic Review Process
When an SLA is first initiated and the service is just beginning, the SLA should be
reviewed on a monthly basis. These reviews can then be done quarterly, semi-
annually or annually after this initial startup period is over. An SLA should be
viewed as a dynamic document and should be periodically reviewed and changed
when the following events occur: The environment has changed The client's
expectations and/or needs have changed Workloads have changed Better metrics,
measurement tools and processes have evolved. An SLA should be reviewed at a
minimum once per fiscal year. List who is the document owner and who will
facilitate regular reviews of this document. Contents of this document may be
amended as required, provided mutual agreement is obtained and communicated to
all affected parties. The document owner will incorporate all subsequent
revisions and obtain mutual agreements / approvals as required.
Document Owner: Document Owner Name
Review Period: Review Period (e.g. annually or Quarterly)
Next Review Date: Next Review Date

Signatures
The final SLA should contain signatures of appropriate representatives from the
Service Provider and the Customer. The Service Provider representatives would
typically be a CEO or the Proprietor

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Advertisements in Newspaper
Paid-circulation newspapers are a popular advertising medium for most local
businesses. They are the oldest forms of mass media, and they continue to be one
of the largest, as measured by volume of advertising dollars. Industry giants, as
well as the local convenience stores, use newspapers to advertise. Every
community has its own newspaper. There are over 1,600 paid-circulation daily
newspapers in America and several thousand additional local weekly papers as
well. Every advertising medium has characteristics that give it natural advantages
and limitations. As you scan your local newspaper(s), you will notice a number of
businesses that advertise on a regular basis. Observe who they are, and how they
advertise their products and services. More than likely, if the advertisements are
repeated, the ads are working. Consider this media if you are selling to a general
market, because newspapers are generally bought by all segments of the
population. Even though the newspaper no longer enjoys its former role as the
almost exclusive source of news, they still remain a strong factor in their specific
sphere of influence.

Advantages of Newspaper Advertising

There are a number of characteristics of paid-circulation newspapers that make
them especially appealing to advertisers:
Most paid-circulation papers, both daily and
weekly, reach the majority of homes in their primary
city or town.

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 Almost every home in the United States receives a newspaper, either at the
newsstand or by home delivery.
Newspapers permit an advertiser to reach a large number of people within a
specified geographical area.
The printed advertising message has both permanence and desired obsolescence.
A reader can refer back to, or even clip and save, a particular ad, yet tomorrows
edition is new and fresh and as eagerly sought by the same reader.
The newspaper offers a predictable frequency of publication: once, twice or up
to seven times a week.
Newspapers have immediacy. You can place an ad on Monday and be getting
results before the week is over. Short deadlines permit quick responses to changing
market conditions.
People expect to find advertising in their newspapers. In fact, many people buy
newspapers just to read the ads from the restaurants, movies and discount stores.
Reading the newspaper has become a habit for most families. It has something
for everyone.
You can reach certain segments of your market by placing your ads in different
sections of the paper such as: sports, comics, crosswords, news, classifieds, etc.
An advertiser has flexibility in terms of ad size and placement. Production
changes can be made quickly, if necessary, a new insert can be added on short
notice.
Advertisements can be examined at leisure. Exposure is not limited, so readers
can take their time reading the messages.
It offers a great variety of ad sizes. If you dont have a large budget, you can still
run a series of small ads.
Many options are available. Copy alone; copy with graphics; black and white; or

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full color.
Newspaper supplements often feature certain subjects that readers pull out and
save.

Disadvantages of Newspaper Advertising

Advertising in the newspaper is not without a few inherent disadvantages, such as:
Any given advertising message must compete for the readers attention. The
paper may contain hundreds of ads, as well as dozens of articles and features for
the reader to wade through. If the total time spent scanning a newspaper is only 20
minutes, your ad may not be noticed by a significant number of people.
You have no assurance that every person who receives the newspaper will read
your ad. They may not read the section you advertised in, or they may simply have
skipped the page because it contained little or nothing else of interest.
It has a relatively short life span (newspapers are typically read once, then
discarded), thus requiring multiple insertions.

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Conclusion & Suggestions

In this last chapter the following are conclusions and suggestions.

Conclusion:
Marketing aims at meetings the needs of the customers. It helps in strengthening
the business. With proper marketing a business can reach at the pinnacle. Here in
this summer internship project it can be concluded that marketing is more of the
practical aspects coupled with the theoretical knowledge. Cold storage industry is
indeed a sunrise industry with tremendous potential. It will further contribute to the
Indian economy and will play a vital role in prevention of food wastage and
spoilage. There are times when India needs to import food grains in spite of good
production. This can be prevented only after setting up adequate cold storage unit.
Both Government and Private entrepreneurs should work towards this.
The revenue of the Sarveshwari Village Industries (Nafed Cold Storage) can be
increase by improving few facilities like continuous supply of electricity. Proper
care and maintenance of the machinery needs to be taken. The supervision of the
temperature for the products stored is also important. Service Level Agreement can
help in getting revenues from the clients. The service standard of the firm should
be at its best as it is the key to success. In order to create awareness about the
industry
in the market advertisement can be done.

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Suggestions:
The following points have been suggested
1. Sarveshwari Village Industries (Nafed Cold Storage) can opt for Service Level
Agreement (SLA) with its major clients to enable the continuous flow of revenue.
It will also lead in improvising of it service standards.
2. Sarveshwari Village Industries (Nafed Cold Storage) can go for advertisements
in the newspaper during both the Pick and slack period. It can be vital in increasing
the business as awareness and the presence of the unit will be made in the market.
3. For continuous power supply Sarveshwari Village Industries (Nafed Cold
Storage) can go for generator service.

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