Franois Lhomme 22.02.

2005
 MiCOM Px4x
Protection Range

Complet technical Overview = Slides opened

from a total of slides

M
a
L r
k
aFranois Lhomme
e 22.02.2005
t t
 The Automation Business Unit is your dedicated partner in bringing you the
power of IT technology for the efficient and secure operations of your
infrastructure

Laurent Demortier,
T&D Automation Executive Vice President

3 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 3

 MiCOM Distance: History & People

4 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 4

 Technology evolution

Electro- Analogue Digital Digital

mechanical Mono-function Integrated Integrated
Mono-function Relays IED Communicating
Relays IED
1940-1970 1970-1990 1990-2000 2000-2010

U=XV+RW
U=RI
I
R

5 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 5

 The Px4x MiCOM in the World

Total 2001->2005 = More than 20 000 relays!

Franois Lhomme 22.02.2005

 MiCOM range Presentation
LFZP141
Generator
Protection

7 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 7

 MiCOM Relays

MiCOM Products
u A complete range of protective relays, racks and cubicles for
all applications, integrated into a digital control system or
stand-alone.
w MiCOM P Series : Protection Relays
w MiCOM M Series : Measurement products for accurate
metering
w MiCOM C Series : Substation management products
w MiCOM S Series : PC support Software and substation
control Packages

8 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 8

 MiCOM Relays
Hardware & Software Platform

40 Series

30 Series

Platform
20 Series

9 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 9

 MiCOM Protection Portfolio

P900 Frequency Protection Relays

P800 Autoreclose, Breaker Fail ...

P700 Busbar Protection Schemes

P600 Transformer Protection Relays

P500 Line Differential and Unit Schemes

P400 Distance Protection Relays

P300 Generator Protection Relays

P200 Universal Motor Protection Relay

P100 Feeder Management Relays

10 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 10

11
Feeder Protection

Motor Protection

Generator Protection

> MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005

Distance Proetction

Differential protection

Transformer protection

Voltage / Frequency Protection

30 Series
40 Series

20 Series
MiCOM Relays
Hardware & Software Platform

11

Platform
 MiCOM Relays
Hardware & Software Platform
Feeder Motor Generator Distance I B.B. Transf. Frequency
Diff. Diff. Diff.

Px40
P 14x P 24x P 34x P 44x P 54x P 74x P 94x

Px30
P 139 P 43x P 63x

Px20
P 12x P 22x
P 22x P 52x P 92x

12 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 12

 MiCOM Relays

Generation
Transmission P139 P940 P920
P340
P630
P120 P140 P340
P740 P440 P540 P140 P220

P240
P630 Industry

P120 P630

Home
P140
Distribution
P139 Low Voltage

MiCOM protections cover all areas of the power system

13 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 13
MiCOM Px4x
Protection
 Overview of Protection Features

u Directional & Non Directional Phase and

Earth Fault Overcurrent (50/51/67PN)

u Directional Negative Phase Sequence (46)

u Broken Conductor (46BC)

u Under & Over Voltage (59, 27)

u Breaker Failure (50BF)

u Thermal Overload ( 49)

15 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 15

 Overview of Operating Functions (1)
u Setting Groups

u VT / CT / CVT Supervision

u Fault Locator

u Auto Reclose & Check Synchronism

u CB Control & Maintenance

u Programmable Scheme Logic

u Trip Circuit Supervision (74TC) via PSL

More

16 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 16

 Overview of Operating Functions (2)

u HMI Interface

u Instrumentation

u Post Fault Analysis

u Self Diagnostics & Commissioning

u Communications

u Hardware Construction

Previous

17 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 17

 Hardware Presentation
MiCOM P440

18 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 18

 First AREVA Shipments in October 2004

From to
19 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 19
 Presentation
Protection Functions

u 4 Setting groups

u Auto-Reclosure & Voltage supervision

u Directional Max I / Non Directional

u Inverse directional Max I / Non Directional

u CB Fail

20 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 20

 Presentation
Additional Functions

u Faults Locator

u TC / TP / TCT Supervision

u Control & Supervision

u (PSL) Logic Scheme Programmable

u Conductor break pick up

u Max U & Min U

21 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 21

 Presentation
Additional Functions

u Interface Man/Machine

u Instrumentations

u Fault analysis skills

u Diagnostic aid

u Communications

u Material

22 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 22

 Hardware Presentation
MiCOM P440

23 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 23

 Available Models
P441 - Housing 8 (40TE)

u Three-phase trip and auto-reclosure

u 8 opto-insulated inputs
u 14 output contacts
w 6 N/O
w 8 C/O

u Option:
w Check Sync
w Conventional Instrument Transformer or NCIT (IEC61850 - 9 - 2)

24 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 24

 Available Models
P442 - Housing 12 (60TE)

u Three-phase and single phase trip and auto-reclosure

u 16 opto-insulated inputs
u 21 output contacts
w 9 N/O
w 12 C/O

u Options: Voltage control - IRIG-B synchronization

w Voltage control for Check Sync
w IRIG-B synchronization
w IEC60870 - 5 / 103 Optical Fibre Converter
w Conventional Instrument Transformer or NCIT (IEC61850 - 9 - 2)
w Second rear communication port/InterMICOM/UCA2

25 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 25

 Available Models
P444 - Housing 16 (80TE)

u Three-phase and single phase trip and auto-reclosure

u 24 opto-insulated inputs
u 32 (up to 46max-model H) output contacts
w 24 N/O
w 8 C/O

u Options:
w Voltage control for Check Sync
w IRIG-B synchronization
w IEC60870 - 5 / 103 Optical Fibre Converter
w Conventional Instrument Transformer or NCIT (IEC61850 - 9 - 2)
w Second rear communication port/InterMiCOM/UCA2

26 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 26

 Rated Values of
Inputs/Outputs

u Analogue Voltage transformers:

w Voltage: 80 - 140Vca ph-ph

u Analogue Current tranformers:

w Dual CT inputs 1A/5A
u Or Digital Acquisition for Non Conventional Instrument Transformers
(Optical Fibre Input - IEC 61850 -9 - 2 protocol)

u Auxiliary Voltage:
w 19 - 65 Vcc
w 37 - 150Vcc or 24 - 110Vca
w 87 - 300Vcc or 80 - 265Vca

u Field voltage (for external use) : 48V DC

(current limit: 112 mA)

27 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 27

 Rated Values of
Inputs/Outputs

u 8,16 or 24 opto universal inputs (24 - 250Vcc)

u 6N/O, 8C/O Outputs or 9N/O, 12C/O or 24N/O, 8C/O

w Contact characteristics:
l Make and Carry: 30A during 3s

l Carry continuous : 5A

l Breaking Capacity: 62.5W with L/R=40ms

u Watchdog Contact 1N/O, 1N/C

w Breaking Capacity : 15W with L/R=40ms

28 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 28

 Hardware Architecture
(P441 & P442)
Power Relay Relay 8 Relay Relay PCB 8 opto inputs & Transformer
Supply PCB PCB PCB 8 Outputs isolated & PCB
8 8 isolated (P442) Analogue PCB 4 VT, 4 TC
Outputs Outputs inputs 16 bits ADC
(P442)

64-way ribbon cable (BUS)

Main processor & User interface Co-processor PCB

(DSP TMS 320C33 150 MHz) (DSP TMS 320C33 150 MHz)
u Backup Protection u Samples acquisition
u Disturbance Recorder u Electronic Filtering
u Fixed Scheme Logic u Threshold calculation
u Programmable Scheme Logic u Distance Algorithms
u Comm. and HMI Management

Battery SK2 SK1

IRIG-B PCB Second Com. port
(P442) (P442)
Or
BNC Rx1 Tx1 BNC SK4 SK5

29 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 29

 Hardware Architecture
(P444)
Power Relay PCB Relay PCB Relay PCB Opto 8 opto inputs & Transformer
Supply 8 Output 7 Output 7 Output input Analogue PCB PCB
PCB contacts contacts contacts PCB 16 Bits ADC 4 VT, 4 CT
8 Inputs

64-way ribbon cable (BUS)

Relay PCB Relay Relay Co-processor PCB

8 Output
Relay PCB PCB PCB 8 (DSP TMS 320C33 150 MHz)
Contacts
8 Output 8 Ouput opto
contacts contacts inputs
u Samples acquisition
u Electronic Filtering
Main processor and user u Threshold calculation
interface PCB u Distance Algorithms
(DSP TMS 320C33 150 MHz)
u Backup Protection
u Disturbance Recorder
u Fixed Scheme Logic IRIG-B PCB Second Com. port
u Programmable Scheme Logic (P442) (P442)
u Comm. and HMI Management BNC SK4 SK5
BNC Rx1 Tx1 Or
Battery SK2 SK1

30 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 30

 MiCOM P444
Hardware Description

Front panel included

Main Processor &
User Interface Board 64 way ribbon cable
(MiCOM Px40 series standard)

MiCOM P444 - Front Opened

31 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 31
31
 MiCOM P444
Hardware Description
Power supply module
included 3 Opto Universal Boards
8 inputs per board
one outputs board
24 inputs per P444 Optional IRIG-B Board

4 Output Boards Transformer Module

8 OMRON relays per board Co-processor Board
32 outputs per P444 (24 n/o & 8 c/o)
+2 PCB 7relays = 46 outputs in H version

MiCOM P444 - Position of the boards inside the case

32 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 32
32
 MiCOM P441-442-444
Hardware Description
Programmable digital
Optional 1A / 5A current & voltage outputs (32 relays) connection Power supply
input terminals connection
IRIG-B Board (Terminal block J, K, L & M) (Terminal block N)
(Not for P441) (Terminal block C)

Others options:
- ethernet
-2nd rear
-InterMicom
(Not for P441)

Optional Option:Programmable digital

Fibre optic connection outputs (2x7relays) connection
IEC60870-5-103 (Terminal block G & H)
(Not for P441) Programmable
24 digital inputs connection
(Terminal block D, E & F) 1st Rear Communication
MiCOM P444 - Rear view port RS485
33 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 33
33
 P44x Phase 2 Development
Last Version A4.8 & more - Since August 2004

u Addition of the Fault Location Cell in IEC60870-5/103 protocol

u Optional 2nd rear communication port (Courier protocol only):

P44x??7????????? : 2nd rear port only

P44x??8????????? : 2nd rear port and IRIGB
Language:
Courier always
IRIG-B
Physical links:
RS 232
Second rear port or
Courier Port since A4.0 RS 485 (polarity sensitive)
SK4
(RS232/RS485) or
K-Bus (non polarity sensitive)

InterMiCOM (RS232) SK5

available since C1.0

34 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 34

 Cortec selection:P44???x
MiCOM P442-444
(No options for P441) Hardware Description
(Options)
IRIG-B Board

Fibre optic connection

IEC60870-5-103

2nd rear port

optical port Courier
(RS232/RS485)
Ethernet
10/100MHz
Inter-MiCom
Copper port Port (RS232)

Cortec selection:P44?????x

1st Rear port

Rear view - Communications options

35 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 35
35
 Hardware Overview
MiCOM P440

36 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 36

 MiCOM Hardware - Example of Front Housing
View 80TE (1)

LCD - 3 lines

Programmable
LEDs

Fixed
LEDs

Bottom Flap Masking RS232 COM port and Battery

37 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 37

 MiCOM Hardware - Example of Front Housing
Serial N and View 80TE (2)
CORTEC Code
identifying the
product

2 Hot Keys

Consultation/Effacement
Compte Rendus
SK2: DB 25 points
Navigation - Text editor
Arrow - Flash Version

Battery:
Disturbance Event SK1: DB 9 points
Maintenance Message - Settings / PSL
- Extraction (evt/Pert)
- Reset Leds

Available Informations of Front Housing

38 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 38
 MiCOM Hardware
Ethernet
Module Teminal Blocks Rear View

Inputs/Outputs
Module

Analogical
Module

Module
IRIGB

Rear View of the Housing 40-60-80TE

39 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 39
 Protection Features
MiCOM P440

40 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 40

 P440
Distance & Other Protection Functions
Out Of Step
Logic
Power Swing
Distance Blocking
Protection
Channel Aided
Distance / DEF
Broken
Conductor
Detection Switch on to
Fault & Trip
on Reclose
Negative
Directional Sequence
Directional /
Overcurrent
non Directional
Overcurrent

Thermal
Overload Directional /
non Directional
Breaker Earth Fault
Failure Under / Over
Voltage

41 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 41

 Directional /Non Directional
Overcurrent - MiCOM P440

42 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 42

 Directional/Non Directional
Phase Overcurrent Protection

IEC Curves
Operating Time (s)
1000 IEC SI
IEC VI
IEC EI
IEC LTS u Four independent stages:
100 w IDMT/DT stages 1 and 2
w DT on stages 3 and 4

u 1 and 2 stages:
10
w Non directional
w Directional forward

1 w Directional reverse

u IEC & IEEE IDMT curves

0.1
1 10 100
Current (Multiples of Is)

43 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 43

 Directional/Non Directional
Phase Overcurrent Protection
IEEE Curves
Operating Time (s)
100

u Standard phase O/C protection:

w 0.08 x In - 4 x In stages 1 and 2
w 0.08 x In - 32 x In stages 3 and 4
10
u TMS range: 0.025 to 1.2
u Time dial: 0.5 to 15
u Definite time: 0 to 100s
1
u Adjustable reset time for
stages 1 and 2
u Emergency phase fault O/C on fuse failure
(stages 1 and 2)
0.1
1 10 100
Current (Multiples of Is)

44 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 44

 Backup Phase Overcurrent
Protection 50/51/67

Time
I>2 I>1
Z3,tZ3
Z4, tZ4
Zp,tZp

Z2,tZ2
Reverse Forward
Z1,tZ1

u Two backup elements, IDMT and/or DT

u Typical application shown above

u DT delays can be reduced during VTS pickup, with overcurrent

elements mimicking distance zone reaches

u I>3 used for close-up fault (and SOTF/TOR)

45 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 45

 Backup Phase Overcurrent
Protection 50/51/67

VC VB VA
Threshold
detection

Direct Calculation A

IA > B
Direct Calculation
> C >
IB > Direct Calculation IDMT

IC > AB
Direct Calculation 3P trip
Direct Calculation BC

Direct Calculation CA

VCA VBC VAB

46 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 46

 I>4 Element: Stub Bus Protection

Busbar 1

VT

V=0 Protection blocking using VTs

I>0 Open isolator

Stub Bus Protection: I >4

Busbar 2
47 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 47
 Negative Sequence Directional
Overcurrent - MiCOM P440

48 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 48

 Back-Up Protection

u Negative phase sequence overcurrent

w Not dependent on voltage dip

w Responsive to phase-phase or phase-earth faults

w Directional capability

w More complex setting calculation

49 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 49

 Thermal Overload Detection
MiCOM P440

50 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 50

 Overload Protection (as P540) (1)

u Overcurrent protection designed for fault conditions

u Thermal replica provides better protection for overload

w Current based

w Flexible characteristics

w Single or dual time constant

Time
w Reset facility

w Non-volatile

Current

MiCOM-P540-
51
51 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 51
 Overload Protection (as P540) (2):
Dual Characteristic for Transformers
Trip time (s)

10000
Single
characteristic:
= 120 mins

1000

Dual characteristic
100

Single
10 characteristic:
= 5 mins
1 2 3 4 5 6
Current (multiple of thermal setting)

52 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 52

 Overload Protection (3)

u S1Settings:

u PSL Cells - Input:

u PSL Cells - Output:

53 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 53

 Broken Conductor Detection
MiCOM P440

54 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 54

 Broken Conductor Protection

u Majority of system faults are a result of short circuits

w Easily detectable

u Possibility of open
circuit faults exist
w Difficult to detect with
conventional
protection

55 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 55

 Broken Conductor Detection

u Existing detection methods:

w Combination of under/overcurrent logic
w Negative phase sequence overcurrent
l Consider suitability for all load conditions

u P440 uses a ratio technique:

w I2 is high for open circuit fault condition
I1
w Load conditions have minimal effect

56 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 56

 Under / Over Voltage
MiCOM P440

57 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 57

 Voltage Protection

u Reasons for voltage deviations:

w Regulation problems
w Load variation
w Fault conditions

u Requirements of protection depends upon application:

w Line or phase voltage measurement
w Operation for all or any phase
w Suitable time delays
w Alarm/Trip

u P440 under/over voltage elements suitable for all

applications

58 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 58

 Backup Phase Under-Overvoltage
Sel PhaseA
Protection 27 - 59
Sel PhaseB

Sel PhaseC
Threshold
detection

VA / VAB >

VB / VBC > > IDMT

VC / VCA >

59 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 59

 Breaker Failure
MiCOM P440

60 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 60

 Backtrip Circuit Breaker Failure (50BF)
u Two stage

u Fast reset external initiation

u Blocking scheme compatible

u Reset
Retrip w By undercurrent
w By protection tripping
Trip
w By CB aux. contacts
BF
INIT

From other
device

61 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 61

 Breaker Failure Protection (50 BF)

50BF 50BF

Busbar 1
50BF
87BB
Busbar 2
Back Trip Order
(4)

CB Failed Trip Order

(1)
(2)
Other
protection

CB Fail Signal 50BF

50BF
(3)

62 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 62

 Non Protection Functions
MiCOM P440

63 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 63

 MiCOM P440
Non Protection Functions

4 Setting Autoreclose and Fault Analysis

Groups Check Synch. Tools

Bay Monitoring
& Control Fault Locator

Self Diagnostics & Measurements

Commissioning Tools

Materials
CT / VT/CVT
Supervision Communications

64 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 64

 Setting Groups
MiCOM P440

65 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 65

 Use of Alternative Setting Groups

Spare Line Relay Applications (Transfer Bus)

Setting
SCADA
selection
or PLC
inputs

1 2 3 4
Four groups available

66 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 66

 VT/CVT/CT Supervision
MiCOM P440

67 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 67

 VT Supervision (1)

A
B
C

1 and 2
logic

3f on load
logic Alarms
VTS Event record
3f on Blocking
energisation Adaptive setting
logic

MCB digital
input

68 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 68

 VT Supervision (2)

Loss of all 3 phase voltages

under load

P440
I
VTS alarm
VTS block
& LCD
Event records
Voltage
collapse

69 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 69

 VT Supervision (3)

Loss of all 3 phase voltages

upon line energisation (via PSL)

P440
VTS I>Inhibit
VTS alarm
VTS block
&
LCD
Event records
No
Voltage

70 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 70

 CT Supervision

A
B
C

Alarms
Blocking

IO Event
& record
T
VO

71 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 71

 Supervision:
VTS & CTS & CVT
u Settings MiCOM S1:

72 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 72

 Fault Locator
MiCOM P440

73 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 73

 Distance to Fault Locator

With Mutual Current Compensation

16% 3.8 16km10miles

74 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 74

 Autoreclose and Check Synchronism
MiCOM P440

75 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 75

 Integrated Autorecloser
with Voltage Control

u Up to 4 cycles of reclosing:
w First fast cycle can be single phase
(P442 - P444)

w 3 time delayed cycles

u Starting selection
elements/autorecloser interlock

76 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 76

 Integrated Autorecloser
with Voltage Control

u Voltage control function allows:

w Autoreclose on live line / live bar
w Autoreclose on dead line / live line
w Autorecloser on live line / dead bar
w Safety checking prior to manual close authorisation (remote or local)
w PSL dedicated to increase the wait window to close conditions

77 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 77

 CB Control & Monitoring
MiCOM P440

78 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 78

 Supervision

u Trip circuit supervision

u CB state
u CB supervision
w Number of trip
w Sum Ix, 1.0 < x < 2.0
w Operation time

79 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 79

 Control of Bay

u Circuit breaker control

u Multiple settings groups (4)

u Programmable scheme logic

80 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 80

 A Users View - Interface MiCOM P440
Programmable Scheme Logic -
Settings - Distance Com...

81 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 81

 MiCOM S1 (P20-P30-P40) Setting Software

MiCOM S1 V2
u Edition/Modification of settings
and text in the protection
u Edition/Modification of logic
schemes
u Extraction of event log records
u Supervision
u Extraction of disturbance
records
u Analysis of those records

82 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 82

 Menu System

Frequency System Three-phase

voltage
Alarm
messages
C
Date & Time

Column 1 Other title of columns Group 4

Data Column 2 Column n
System Visu. Record. Prot. Distance

Language Select.Event Line

Password
Niv.2 Reset Indication Argument. of kZm

83 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 83

 Interface HMI
PSL (Programmable Scheme Logic)
MiCOM P440

84 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 84

 Programmable Scheme Logic
(Introduction)

Relay
Opto contacts
Gate Logic

Protection
elements

Timers
Fixed
scheme
logic LEDs

User programmable scheme logic

85 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 85

 Programmable Scheme Logic (1/9)

In

Gate Logic

Protection Out
elements

Timers
Fixed
scheme
logic

Programmable Scheme Logic

86 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 86

 Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (2 /9)
Possible Choice with S1(hysteresis & filtering):

TOR opto-isolated input

selected from the list

87 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 87

 Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (3 /9)

TOR opto-isolated input

added to an internal DDB of the relay
and selected in the list

88 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 88

 Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (4 /9)
One more timer

Link throught:
Led - Output relay

89 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 89

 Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (5 /9)

Different options by element:

Different options by PSL:

90 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 90

 Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (6 /9)

u Up to 256 gates

u Logic Functions
u Gate OR
u Gate AND
u Reversers
u Timers

u Peer to peer com:

InterMicom
Goose
Control Input...
91 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 91
 Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) (7 /9)

Trip Trip Circuit

Supervision

P440

52 b
52 a

CB coil Alarm

-
92 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 92
 Trip Circuit Monitoring Using
Programmable Scheme Logic (8/9)

u Customisation
w 256 gates
w 8 timers
w Feedback
u Default schemes
u Validity checks
u Event driven

93 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 93

 Blocked Distance Protection
Using Programmable Scheme Logic (9/9)
Incomer
Block Z1
element
u Established technique
providing:
w Improved BB fault
clearance times

u In order to facilitate this

function, P440 provides:
w Directional start signals
(Directional Comparison
Scheme)

Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3

94 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 94
 HMI Interface MiCOM P440
Measurements (Monitoring)

95 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 95

 Measurements
MiCOM P440

96 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 96

 MiCOM Support Software
MiCOM S1 V2

u Programming (set & PSL) of relays

u Extraction of information from relays

u Assists with commissioning

(fault record, event,monitor control)
u Supports analysis of power system
disturbances (comtrade format)

u Compatible with existing

products using the
Courier language

97 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 97

 MiCOM Support Software

98 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 98

 Measurements (1)

u Possibility to extend measurement

u To remove subsidiary instrumentations
u Reduces wiring and space
u Assists with commissioning
u Analysis of power system

10 A
99 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 99
 Measurements (2)

Instantaneous Measurements:

u Phase to phase voltage and single phase

voltage
u Residual voltage (3Vo)
u Residual and current phase
u Positive , negative and zero sequence
current and voltage
IA Amplitude
u Frequency 980.2A
u Active, reactive and apparent power
u Active and reactive energy Integrated Values:
u Check Sync Voltage
u Peak, average & Rolling
u Zero-phase-sequence current of parallel demand:
line (used for the mutual compensation)
w Ia Ib Ic
u Possibility to print a report
w W VAr
w Wh VArh

100 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 100

 HMI Interface
Events - Disturbance Records
MiCOM P440

101 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 101

 Diagnostics Help
MiCOM P440
Event record

Fault record

Disturbance
Recorder

ZGraph

102 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 102

 Diagnostics Aid

u Complete fault display report

u Time tag at 1ms
u Recording criterions choice u Event log
u Fault report
u Non-volatile backup memory
u Disturbance records
u Easy access via User s interface u Fault locator
u Trace

103 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 103

 Event Log
Events: Fault report:
u 250 records (500) u 5 last faults
u Non-volatile memory u Non-volatile memory

Start A 10ms
Fault record
I1> 10ms
V< 15ms
Trip ABC 15ms
CB52 Open 60ms

104 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 104

 Disturbance Records

u 8 Analogue channels
u 32 Digital channels
u Configurable record criterion
u Variable trigger point
u 24 Samples per cycle (no compression)
u 28 Records (3sec each)
u Record duration of 10.5s
u Non-volatile memory
u Extended recording time
Pre-fault Post-fault
u MiCOM S1 saves file in the
COMTRADE format

105 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 105

 Self-Diagnostics & Commissioning
MiCOM P440

106 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 106

 Self Diagnostics & Commissioning

u Event driven maintenance u Commissioning available to user

u Improved availability w Inputs
w Power-on diagnostics w Outputs
w Continual self-monitoring w Internal states
w Measurements

107 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 107

 Communications
MiCOM P440

108 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 108

 Local Communications

u Settings
u Records
u Control
u Measurements
u Commissioning
u Maintenance
u Menu text

109 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 109

 Remote Communications
MiCOM P440

110 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 110

 Remote Communications

u Courier
(front/rear1/2nd rear)
u IEC60870-5-103 Digital Control
u DNP3.0 Systems
u MODBUS
u UCA2.0
u IEC61 850 -8-1(Soon)

111 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 111

 Selection of Hardware Options

Available as a prototype (n units <10 by order)

Available with protocols UCA2 & IEC61850

Hardware modification to integrate

Ethernet (UCA2 and IEC61850)
112 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 112
 Selection of Hardware Options

Hardware modification to integrate

Ethernet (UCA2 and IEC61850)
113 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 113
 Selection of Hardware Options

Hardware modification to integrate

Ethernet (UCA2 and IEC61850)
114 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 114
 Ethernet Interface (P*40)

u Fibre/copper ports available

u 10MHz/100MHz options for fibre
u Indication of Link and activity
u MAC address is unique hardware
address of card
u Used by UCA2 and IEC61850

115 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 115

 Typical Example Showing Use of Two Rear
Comm. Ports
R.T.U.

CENTRAL PROCESSOR
POWER SUPPLY
CK222
RS232 Modem Modem RS232

MiCOM S1 software
RS485
Multiple rear ports
CK222

Com 1 Com 2 RS485

RS232 Front port connection CK222 not needed

where either MODEM
or RTU accept RS485
directly
116 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 116
 UCA/IEC61850
NCIT

117 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 117

 Future Trend

7 Technical Services

Station Level
9
Function A Function B
61850-8-1

1 6 1 6

Bay Level Bay Level

3 8 3
Protection Control Protection Control

4 5 4 5
61850-9-2
61850-8-1

HV Equipment HV Equipment
61850-9-1
118 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 118
 IEC61850 Compliance Levels - Comm. Protocols

IEC61850 Full Strategy for Protection Range

IEC61850 Extended

IEC61850 Basic
u P30/P40: Ethernet board is already
available (UCA2 protocol implemented
GOOSE I/O for NiCAP project)
w IEC61850 Basic: Available
w IEC61850 Extended: End 2005 ...
METERING DISTURBANCE
TIME SYNC Real Time Values RECORDING
w IEC61850 Full: TBD

DATA
COMMANDS
u Remote setting can be done either
EVENTS
REPORTS
One Box Solutions
over Ethernet or via 2nd rear port
u P44x: Sept 2005
SETTINGS

119 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 119

 MiCOM S1 Based on IEC61850

Data Model
Processing TCP/IP Ethernet

IEC61850 / Ethernet based

Rear Port Communication
High-Level
Procedures

IEC60870-5-103
Courier
Modbus
DNP3

RS232 / RS485 / ...

P20/30/40 P20/30/40 Data
Settings File Models

MiCOM S1

IEC103/Modbus/Courier
based Front & Rear Port
Communication

S&R-xxx joins Ethernet / IEC61850

120 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 120
 CIGRE Demo

121 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 121

 MU-IEDs Typical Architecture
MU-BB VT1

MU-BB VT2

MU-Main 1 MU-Main 2 MU-MQ

(80 or 256 s/cycle) (80 or 256 s/cycle) (80 or 256 s/cycle)

Distance P44X
PQM
CS/AR/Backup Line Diff P54X
TFR M87x

Busbar P742/3
BF

Redundancy

122 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 122

 IEC61850
u Identified customers with a w ESKOM
strong IEC 61850 preference w Hydro-Quebec
(part of their specifications)
w AEP
once the standard is available
(end 2003): w TERNA
w ELIA w RTE
w NGT w ISA
w Vattenfall w EVN
w RWE w IECo
w SIG w PowerGrid (India)
w TENNET w Volkswagen
w SHELL w etc
w SOLVAY u Transmission & large industries, first in
w SONELGAZ
Europe but expanding to Rest Of the World
Windfarm to come through IEC 61400 (IEC
61850 derivative: new objects)
123 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 123
 IsThere a Need for Inter-operability Inside of a
Substation ?
u Non exhaustive list of existing examples includes:
w Use of different protection manufacturers for a feeder
protection (security)
w Re-use of existing or qualified relay (line differential)
w Use of an imposed HMI

u The current practice is to use the following protocols

w IEC 60870-5-101/103/104, DNP3, OPC

u IEC 61850 could provide further benefits

w Peer-to-peer (automation)
w XML exchanges (configuration)

124 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 124

 What are the Advantages to Use IEC 61850
Instead of Existing Technologies ?

Customer Requirements:
u Reduced installation costs
u Reduced configuration costs
u Reduced maintenance costs
u Improved functionality/network reliability
u Reduced effects of substation transients on protection
and control applications
u Adaptive applications

125 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 125

 What are the Advantages to Use IEC 61850
Instead of Existing Technologies ?

Solutions:
u Communications based interface between the sensors
and the IEDs
u No hard wires - fiber only
u Self-description of the IEDs
u Distributed peer-to-peer communications of state
changes
u Distributed peer-to-peer communications of analog and
sampled values

126 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 126

 InterMiCOM

(17pages)
127 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 127
 InterMiCOM Predecessor

K-Series Overcurrent
LFZP141
Generator
Protection
SETTING GROUP
FAULTNo

FEDCBA9 8 7 65432 10
A B

Proven logic
AUX TIMER C

interconnection
AUX1 *
AUX2 -*
AUX3 --*

ALARM TRIP
HEALTHY

F + 0

e
df
gh
i
RESET schemes between
adjacent relays
LFCB, PQ741 and MiCOM
P540 Current Differential
Use of intertrip and PIT
commands between line ends

InterMiCOM

HSDI Digital Intertripping

CRC-8 polynomial for
optimum security
MODULEX MX3 Line
In-service inter-relay
schemes using
LONWORKS
128 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 128
 InterMiCOM?

What is InterMiCOM?

Tx 01100011 Rx

Rx 01001100 Tx
Px40/Px30 Px40/Px30

129 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 129

 InterMiCOM

InterMiCOM on Distance Protection Devices P430 (Example)

Digital communication link

for the transmission of protective signals
130 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 130
 InterMiCOM

Key Features

u Point to point transmission of 8 digital signals

u User independently settable signals
u Common message format across 30 and 40 series
u High security and fast operating time
u Testing facilities
u Channel statistic

131 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 131

 InterMiCOM

Main Benefits

u To respond to increased market requirements for better

relay

u interconnections that enhance applications

u To speed up the transfer of commands at high security

u To reduce wiring and auxiliary equipment

u To provide less dependency on power line carrier

communications channels

u To ease an integration of other relays into MiCOM

schemes

132 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 132

 InterMiCOM

Possible InterMiCOM connections between 40 series relays

Via modem (opto links or telephone lines or VF or wireless Microwave link)

8 signals
RS232 RS232
MODEM MODEM
<15m 8 signals <15m

Direct connection between relays (unlikely configuration)

8 signals
RS232 RS232

8 signals

<15m max

Different ways of 40 series relay connections for InterMiCOM application

133 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 133
 InterMiCOM

Possible InterMiCOM connections between 30 series relays

For distance above 1km

RS485 or FO 8 signals RS485 or FO

MODEM MODEM
<1 km 8 signals <1 km

Direct connection between 30 series relays

8 signals
RS485 or FO RS485 or FO

8 signals

<1 km
max

Different ways of 30 series relay connections for InterMiCOM application

134 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 134
 InterMiCOM

Possible connections between 30 and 40 series relays

For distance above 1km

RS485 RS485/RS232
8 signals RS485
or FO (CK222)
or MODEM MODEM
<1 km FO/RS232 8 signals <15m

Px30 Px40

Direct connection between 30 series relays

8 signals
RS485 or FO RS485/RS232
(850nm) (CK222)
8 signals or
FO/RS232
Px40
Px30 <1 km max <15m max

Different ways of 30 and 40 series InterMiCOM connections

135 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 135
 InterMiCOM

Buchholz
KBCH
KBCH SETTING GROUP
FAULTNo A B

FEDCBA9 8 7 65432 10
AUX TIMER C
SETTING GROUP
FAULTNo A B AUX1 *
AUX2 -*
AUX3 --*

ALARM TRIP
HEALTHY
FEDCBA9 8 7 65432 10
AUX TIMER C
AUX1
AUX2
*
-* F + 0
AUX3 --*

ALARM TRIP
HEALTHY
RESET
F + 0 e
df
gh
i

RESET
e
df
gh
i

DIT
RS232 RS232 PSL
MODEM MODEM
PSL
<15m DIT <15m

Px40 example of other protections Px40

integration into InterMiCOM
via MiCOM PSL
136 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 136
 InterMiCOM

Protection using Telecommunications acc to IEV 448-15

u Underreach protection:
w Intertripping underreach protection (IUP) (IEV 448-15-12)
Direct underreaching transfer trip protection (USA) (DUTT)
w Permissive underreach protection (PUP) (IEV 448-15-11)
w Permissive underreaching transfer trip protection (USA)
(PUTT)
w Accelerated underreach protection (AUP) (IEV 448-15-13)

137 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 137

 InterMiCOM

Protection using Telecommunications acc to IEV 448-15

u Overreach protection:
w Permissive overreach protection (POP) (IEV 448-15-16)
Permissive overreaching transfer trip protection (USA)
(POTT)
w Blocking overreach protection (IEV 448-15-14)
Blocking directional comparison protection (USA)

For protection schemes using telecommunication a binary signal is

transmitted from one end to the other end of the protected line.

138 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 138

 InterMiCOM

InterMiCOM signals (commands)

u Blocking signals

u Permissive Intertrips (PIT)

u Direct trips (DIT)

Three teleprotection command levels are supported by InterMiCOM

139 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 139

 InterMiCOM

Characteristics of Teleprotection Systems acc to IEC 60834-1

u Speed ( transmission time):

Time elapsed between the instant of change in state at the command
input and the instant of the corresponding change in state at the
command output, excluding propagation time

u Security:
Security relates to the ability to prevent interference and noice from
generating a command at the receiving end when no command signal
is transmitted.

u Dependability:
Dependability relates to the ability to issue and receive a valid
command in the presence of interference and/or noise.

Command type teleprotection systems have to assure the characteristics

speed, security and dependability to an extremely high degree.

140 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 140

 InterMiCOM

Requirements on Teleprotection Systems acc to BS 7494-1

Speed
Permissive
Accelerated 20 ms Blocking
40 ms

60 ms
Direct
10-2 10-2
10-4 10-4
10-6 10-6

Security Dependability

141 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 141

 InterMiCOM

Message Format
InterMiCOM message

start R B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 CRC stop

BLOCK or DIT PIT or DIT

each message consists of:

start bit-field
address bit-field (R)
8 user settable command bit-field (B1-B8)
CRC calculation bit-field
stop bit-field

Each B1 - B4 can be set independently to either BLOCKING SIGNAL or DIT.

Each B5 - B8 bit can be set independently to either PIT or DIT.
142 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 142
 InterMiCOM

Signal selection, one way transmission shown for simplicity

Tx Rx
4 4
link link
6 comms 6

LOCAL relay REMOTE relay

(sending end) (receiving end)

Simplified example that shows assignment of digital signals 4 and 6

at local relay and their transmission to the remote relay

143 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 143

 InterMiCOM -
Modem Selection
RS232 Analogue Channel

Data Rate @ the (ITU-V) BLOCKING PIT DIT

Relay Interface Standard Transmission Transmission Transmission
Time Time Time
1200 V.22 8.33 ms 25.00 ms 25.00 ms
2400 V.22 bis 4.16 ms 12.50 ms 12.50 ms
4800 V.27 2.08 ms 6.250 ms 6.250 ms
9600 V.32 1.04 ms 3.125 ms 3.125 ms
19200 V.32 0.52 ms 1.562 ms 1.562 ms

144 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 144

 Conclusion
MiCOM P440

145 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 145

 P440 Summary

u Versatile distance relay for all MVEHV applications

u Extremely secure - Delta techniques, for fault detection,

directionality and phase selection

u Overhead line and/or cable applications

u Full complement of distance and DEF schemes

u Menu-driven software for setting and analysis

u Comprehensive back up protection

u Integrated four shot autoreclosure with check synch

146 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 146

 Summary of P440 Functions

68 Power swing blocking -

21G Ground distance protection, 3 50/27 Switch onto fault and trip on Out of step tripping
forward elements, 1 reverse reclose (using PSL)
element, 1 selectable element, 50/51 Phase overcurrent, DT or VTS Voltage transformer
quadrilateral zones. IDMT supervision
21P Phase distance protection, 3 50/51N CVTS Capacitive Voltage
forward elements, 1 reverse Ground overcurrent, DT or transformer supervision
IDMT CTS Current transformer
element, 1 selectabe element,
quadrilateral zones. 51FF Fuse failure overcurrent supervision
85 Channel-aided protection. 67 Phase directional overcurrent 50BF Circuit Breaker failure
50 Phase overcurrent, High set, 67N DEF, communication aided 46BC Broken conductor detection
for Stub bus application. 32N Power swing detection, used
67/46 to selectively permit or block 25 Check synchroniser
Negative sequence overcurrent tripping 79 Autorecloser
59,27 Overvoltage/Undervoltage
49 Thermal Protection - overload

147 > MiCOM P441, P442, P444 - February 2005 147

 Bye !

Franois Lhomme 22.02.2005