R03-01 5904

J
Copyright 1937
American Institute of Steel Construction
New York, N. Y.
PrinIl'Ci ID U.s.A
STEEL
CONSTRUCTION
A Manual for Ar chit ects, Engi nee rs and

F abricators of Buildings and Other
Steel Structures
Third Edition
}~ i rst Printing
October, 1937
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT IO~
NEW YO llK , N. Y.
4
FOREWORD
The American Institute of Steel Construction is a service organi
zation operating without possibility of dividends or profit. It is
financed by assessments and contributions received from structural
steel fabricators and rolling mills. It is engaged in research and in
the assembling and distribution of data and information from which
architects and engineers may prepare engineering plans confonning
to the most advanced information available to the technical pro-
fe ssions, and in conformity with the best industrial practices.
Executive and engineering offices are maintained in New York
City.
Recognizi ng the merits of personal contact in the clearer under-
standing of data, the institute has established district offices in
various sections of the country. These offices are in charge of
engineers with a background of valuable experience, and their
services are available without cost to those interested or engaged in
the construction industries.
The Institute does not prepare engineering plans. While every
precaution has been taken so that all data and information are as
accurate as possible, and while our engineers endeavor to supple-
ment these data by conference and advice, the Institute cannot
assume responsibility for errors or oversights in the use of such
information or in the preparation of engineering plans.
Where it has been possible to identify the authors of data that
are reproduced in full, in part, or in modified form in this OOok, such
data are used with the author's permission. Acknowledgment is
made to:
American Bridge Company
American Institute of Bolt. Nut and Rivet ManufactufCl'1I
American Society for Testing Materials
American Welding Society
Association of American Steel r\'lanu{a~turel'1l
Bethlehem Steel Company
Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation
Inland Steel Comp;my
Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation
Lukens Steel Compan)'
National Lumber Manufacturen; Association
National T ube Company
The Phoenix Bridge Company
United States Department of Agriculture. forest Pnxiucts Laboratory
United Stat($ Department of Commerce. National Bureau of Standards
United States Steel Corporation
Weiskopf & Pickworth. Consulting Engineen;. New York
A M ERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

5
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION

The First and Second Editions of this Manual were based on
the Standard Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection
of Structural Steel for Buildings as adopted in 1923. In June, 1936,
a Revised Specification was adopted by the Institute, and published
in pamphlet form. This Revised Specification is reprinted in Part I V
with such changes in phraseology as are needed to clarify its intent.
All allowable loads have been recalculated in accordance with
the Revised Specification, and are tabulated in the present edition
of the Manual, together with such explanatory matter as seemed
desirable.
The other Parts of the Manual have been changed only where
necessary to bring them up to date.
The present edition of the Manual has been prepared under the
supervision of the A. I. S. C. Committee on l'.'lanual. Before pub-
lication the Manual Committee submitted the text to the A. I. S. C.
Technical Advisory Board for approval. The Technical Advisory
Board consist s of the following:
,
.... 11. G. Balcotli 05itsaldltg E"SiIfCCi. He Yepll Cil} .
Paul A. Blackwell Chief Engineer. Virginia Bridge Company.
G. H. Danforth Contracting Engineer. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
Donald Derickson Professor of Civil Engineering. Tulane University.
A. R. Ellis Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory.
V. E. Ellstrom Manager. Sales Engineering. Bethlehem Steel Company.
",C. F. Goodrich Chief Engineer, American Bridge Compan y.
'). E. Greiner Consulting Engineer, Baltimore.
\ 0. L. Grover P rincipal H ighway Bridge Engineer. U. S. Bureau 01
Public Roads. ~
, Magnus Gundersen CbicfS' p 'c"'wl ~~
KIIgi
~Chicago.
~ Paul E. Jeffen Consulting Engineer, Los Angeles.
Jonathan Jones Chief Engineer, Fabric-lted Steel Construction. Beth-
lehem Steel Company.
J. R. Lambert Chief Engineer. The Phoenix Bridge Company.
~ Philip G. Laurson Professor. Engineering Mechanics. Yale Univeni t y.
B. R. Lerner Engineer of Bridges. New York Central Railroad Co.
F. T. Llewellyn Research Engineer, United States Steel Corporation.
Robert A. Marble Manager. Sales Engineering, Carnegie- Illinois Steel Corp.
H. H. Morgan. Robert w. Hunt Company.
I Clyde T. Morris Professor, Stroctural Engineering. Ohio State University.
Joseph G. Shryock Chief Engineer. Belmont Iron Works.
W. W. Smith Asst. Vice President. Inland Steel Company.
"0.
"W. C. Spiker
B. Steinman
~ L . ). Sverdrup
Consult ing Engineer. Atlanta.
Consultin!.!" Engi neer. New York.
Consulting Engineer. St. Louis.
AME~ICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONST~UCT'ON

F. E. Tumeaure Dean. College of Mechanics and Engineering, University
of Wisconsin.
Wilbur J. Watson Consulting E ngineer. Cleveland.
A. R Wilson Engineer of Bridges and Buildings. Pennsylvania Rail-
road Company.
F. H. Frankland A. I. S. C. (ex-offido).
Since the Manual of the Institute of Steel Construction is

widely used by designers and detailers of fabricated steel, it is
earnestly desired that it be so far as possible perfected and rendered
of the greatest convenience and serviceability. All criticisms and
suggestions for its improvement. forwarded to Institute head-
Quarters, will receive consideration in future revisions.
AME;RICAN 1NSTIT UTE OF STEEL. CON STRUCTI O N

7
LIST OF SYMBOLS
A Area
B Bending factor (A j S)
b Breadth or width
C Constant
c Distance from neulral axis to extreme fiber
o Diameter
d Overall depth
l!. Deflection of a point of a structure
() Unit deformation or strain
E Modulus. of elasticity lfj fJ}
e &centricity of application of load
F Force or concentrated load
f Unit stress
g Gage for riveting
I Moment of inertia
L Length in feet
l Length in inches
M Moment of force including bending moment
p Pressure per unit of area
R Reaction
r Radius of gyration
S Section modulus (l I e )
t Thickness
V Total shear
v Unit shear
W Total1oad
It' Load per unit of length
X Horizontal axis
x Distance parallel to X axis
Y Vertical axis
y Distance parallel to Y axis
Deviations from the above symbols are indicated at the places

of exception.
Unless otherwise indicated loads are e)[presseci in KIPS. The term kip (abbre-
viated from kilo-pound) is e)[tensively used in technical literature to designate one
thousand pounds and is here used as being terse and convenient.
AMERIC;;AN IN STIT UT E OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

8
ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS
The matt~r contained in this Manual has been arranged to

provide maximum convenience for the estimator, the designer, and
the detailer, respectively. rather than to adhere to a strictly academic
classification. However, in order to avoid repetition, the arrange-
ment of certain malter, such as the detailing dimensions of rolled
sections. rolling mill practice as to tolerances and surface fini sh and a
few other topics, does not strictly comply with this rule. In such
cases sui table cross reference is made.
Furthermore, in order that the designer may concentrate

advantageously on the application of design, matter that is to be
found in engineering text books, such as the defmilions of terms, the
derivation of formulas, and similar topics, has been excluded.
PART I contains the data most frequently referred to by

structural estimators and designers. In general this part includes
products that are usually figured individually, whereas the details
of products which it is the practice to estimate by percentage are
given in Part II.
PART II contains the data most frequently required in making

shop drawings not previously given in Part I.
PART III gives tables of allowable loads for stipulated con ~

ditions based on the unit stresses permitted by the A. I. S. c. Specifi ~
cation.
PART IV assembles those standard specifications and codes

that are commonly employed in structural steel work.
PART V contains in tabulated form various data that may be

needed for occasional reference.
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I O N

9
PA R T
Part I contains the data most frequently referred to by struc-

tural estimators and by structural designers engaged in proportioning
steel members after ascertainment of the forces to be resisted. It is
grouped in three portions, as follows:
ROLLED STEEL STRU CTURAL SECTIONS

D I MENSIONS. WEIGHTS . AND PROPERTIES OF REGULAR AND
SPEC I AL SERIES SECTIONS
GENERAL INFORMATION ON BARS AND PLATES
ROLLING M I LL PRACT ICE

PERMISSIBLE TOLERANCES AND VARIATIONS FOR ROLLED
STEEL STRUCTURAL SECTIONS AND PLATES
MISCELLAN EOUS DATA FOR DES IGN I NG AND ESTI MATI NG

WEIGHT AND AREA OF BARS AND PLATES
ECONOMY TABLES FOR SECT I ONS USED AS BEAMS
TABLES FOR DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDERS
D I MENS I ONS. WEIGHTS AND PROPERT I ES. OF PLATE A N D ANGLE

GIRDER SECTIONS
NET SECTION OF RIVETED TENS I ON MEMBERS
SPACING OF PLATE GIRDER ST I FFENERS
D IMENSIONS. WE I GHTS. AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOUND

COLUMN SECTIONS
WEIGHTS AND PROPERT I ES OF TWO ANGLES
BEAR I NG PLATE AND BASE PLATE DESIGN
CRANE RAILS AND FASTEN I NGS
EYE BARS AND STRUCTURAL ACCESSORIES
A .... EFlICAN IN S TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI O N

10
DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS AND PROPERTIES

OF
ROLLED STEEL STRUCTURAL SECTIONS
Structural Sections are presented in Part I in two groupings,

namely "Regular " and ;'Special. " Under the grouping " Regular "
Sections are shown the popular sizes for which there is a constant
demand, and such sizes are readily procurable in any size lots.
Under the grouping "Special " Sections are shown sizes and
sections for which there is a fluctuating demand and, therefore, are
rolled at irregular intervals, and t hen only by special arrangement.
Consequently the use of "Special" Sections should generally be
avoided, unless t he quantity of anyone size is sufficient to warrant
a rolling.
"Regular" \foF (Wide Flange) Sections can be furnished
promptly from Bethlehem Steel Company or Carnegie-Illinois Steel
Corporation Mills. " Regular" American Standard Beams, Chan-
nels and Angles are readily procurable from all mills rolling these
products. The same is true of the Miscellaneous "Regular" Sec-
tions rolled by the various mills.
All W Sections produced by Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation
have parallel face flanges. W Sections produced by Bethlehem
Steel Company have parallel face flanges with the following ex-
ceptions: All sizes with nominal depths from 36 to 16 inches,
inclusive; 14 W 42 to 30; 12 W 36 to 25; 10 W 29 to 21; and
8 W 21 to 17. These sections have a 5 per cent slope on t he inside
face of flange.
Due to this difference in rolling practice t he properties of
certain W Sections produced by the different mills are not precisely
identical, but the difference is so small as to be practically negligible.
In the interest of standardization the tables of properties show only
the lesser values and are thus a trifle on the side of safet y.
When W Sections are available either with sloping flanges or
parallel !langes, the dimensions such as T, k, and gl (see page 15),
are given for the sloping !lange sections and therefore may be used
for all sections. Where thickness of !lange is given in the tables, it
is, in the case of sections with sloping flanges, the mean thickness.
If necessary, additional dimensions may be obtained from mill
catalogs.
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEl. CONSTRUCT I ON

11
All American Standard Beam and Channel Sections have a slope

on the inside face of flange of 16-2/ 3 per cent. The Miscellaneous
Column and Beam Sections in the Regular Series, as well as the
Channels and the Tees in the Special Series, have various flange slopes
whose amount may be ascertained from the respective mill catalogs.
It is the practice of the rolling mills to use the terms "Sections"
or "Shapes" when referring to their finished flanged product. The
term "Sections" is used throughout this Manual as being the more
significant in structural design.
When designating rolled steel sections on drawings it is desirable
that a standard method of abbreviating be followed that will identify
the section group without reference to the manufacturer and without
the use of inch and pound marks. To this end il is recommended
that the nominal depth of seclion, its group symbol, and its weight
in pounds per linear foot, be abbreviated in the manner exemplified
below. For completeness a convenient method of abbreviating the
sizes of plates and bars is included.
I'~ge.
G~, of I'an I I Examl~e
or Mall""l
Wide Flange Sections 14-25 24 \/oF 74

American Standard Beams 26-29 15 I 42.9
Miscellaneous Columns 30-31 6x6 B15 ~
Miscellaneous Beams 30-31 6 B 12
Miscellaneous Columns 32-33 8x8 M32.6
Miscellaneous Beams 32-33 7 M 5.5
American Standard Channels 34-37 9 W 13.4
Equal Leg Angles 38-39 l 3x3x)4"
Unequal Leg Angles 40-43 L7x4x~
Structural T ees 44-51 ST 5 \/oF 10.5
Special Channels 54-57 12 x4 u 44.5
Subway Columns 58-59 6x 10540
T ees (Flange by Stem) 60 T 3 x 3 x 6.7
61
"'"
Plates 65-66
Z 6 x 3M x 15.7
PI. 18 x M
SQuare Ban 78-79 Bar I ~
Round Bars 78-79 Bar 1)4"
Flat Bars 80 Bar2MxU
The abbreviations exemplified above are intended only for use

on drawings. When lists of material are being prepared for ordering
from the mills, the requirements of the respective mills from which
the material in question is to be ordered should be observed.
Space does not permit of the inclusion in this Manual of data on
steel products occasionally useful in building construction. For
these products, reference should be made to the various mill catalogs.
AMERIC" N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

12
AMERICA N 1N S TITUT E OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

t3
REGULAR SERIES SECTIONS
"Regular" W (Wide Flange) Sections can be furnished

promptly from Bethlehem Steel Company or Carnegie-Illinois
Steel Corporation Mills. .. Regular" American Standard Beams,
Channels. and Angles 3fe readily procurable from all mills rolling
these products. The same is true of MisceHaneous "Regular"
Sections and Structural Tees rolled by the various mills.
Under the grouping "Special" Sections. pages 53 to 61, are

shown sizes and sections for which there is a fluctuating demand
and. therefore. are roHeei. at irregular intervals. and then only
by special arrangement. Consequently the use of "Special"
Sections should generally be avoided, unless the quantity of any
one size is sufficient to warrant a rolling.
A M !,;RIC"' '''' IN S TIT UTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

14
ROLLED STEEL SECTIONS
I
W SECTIONS
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING xf y

,
Nominal
Size
"G
Weight
t:1
Depth
Section Section
Flange
W idth
Th ick-
"~
_.
WOO
ThlCk_
I S
/IX 'S XX
, I
'"'XIS
S
y_y
,
----u;:- -In.'- - - In.- --- -- -- -- -- --
'" -- -- '". '". '". -'"-
. - -- In.' In.'
'".
In'
-- -- -- -- -- '"
36x 16 ~ 300 88.17 36.72 16.655 1.680 .945 20290.2 1105.1 15.17 1225.2 147.1 3.73
28() 82.32 36.SO 16.595 1.570 .885 18819.3 1031.2 15.12 1127.5 135.9 3.70
260 76.56 36.24 16.555 1.440 .845 17233.8 951.1 15.00 10'20.6 123.3 3.65
2SO 73.49 36.12 16.525 1.380 .815 16465.9 911.7 14.97 969.6 117,4 3.63
240 70.60 36.00 16.500 1.320 .790 15724.0 873.6 14.92 920.1 111.5 3.61
230 67.73 35.88 16,475 1.260 .765 14988.4 835.5 14.88 870.9 105.7 3.59
36 X 12 194 57.11 36.48 12.117 1.260 .770 12103.4 663.6 14.56 355.4 58.7 2.49
182 53.54 36.32 12.072 1.180 .725 11281.5 621.2 14.52 327.7 54.3 2.47
170 49.98 36.16 12.027 1.100 .680 10470.0 579.1 14.47 300.6 SO.O 2.45
160 47.09 36.00 12.000 1.020 .653 9738.8 541.0 14.38 275.4 45.9 2.42
ISO 44.16 35.84 11.972 .940 .625 9012.1 502.' 14.29 25004 41.8 2.38
33xI5~ 240 70.52 33.SO 15.865 1.400 .830 13585.1 811. 1 13.88 874.3 110.2 3.52
220 64.73 33.25 15.810 1.275 .775 12312.1 740.6 13.79 78204 99.0 3048
210 61.78 33.12 15.783 1.210 .748 11664.5 70404 13.74 735.6 93.2 3.45
200 58.79 33.00 15.750 1.150 .715 11048.2 669.6 13.71 691.7 87.8 3.43
33xl1,!-i 152 44.71 33.SO 11.565 1.065 .635 8147.6 486.4 13.50 256.1 44.3 2.39
141 41.51 33.31 11.535 .960 .605 7442.2 446.8 13.39 229.7 39.8 2.35
132 38.84 33.15 11.510 .98() .580 6956.8 413.7 13.29 207.8 36.1 2.31
125 36.78 33.00 11.500 .8()5 .570 6354.7 385.1 13.14 188.2 32.7 2.26
30 X 15 210 61.78 30.38 15.105 1.315 .m 9872.4 649.9 12.64 707.9 93.7 3.38
200 58.76 30.25 15.070 1.250 .740 9340.5 617.6 12.61 665.7 88.3 3.37
190 55.90 30.12 15.040 1.185 .710 8825.9 586. 1 12.57 624.6 93.1 3.34
18() 52.89 30.00 15.000 1.125 .670 8328.2 555.2 12.55 585.6 78.1 3.33
172 SO.65 29.88 14.985 1.065 .665 7891.5 528.2 12.48 650.1 73.4 3.30
30x 10,!-i 132 38.93 30.30 10.551 1.000 .615 5753.1 379.7 12.17 185.0 35.1 2.18
124 36.45 30.16 10.521 .'30 .585 5347.1 354.6 12.11 169.7 32.3 2.16
116 34.13 30.00 10.500 .650 .564 4919.1 327.9 12.00 153.2 29.2 2.12
108 31.77 29.82 10.484 .760 .548 4461.0 299.2 11.85 135.1 25.8 2.06
See P3it 10 for method of designation.
AMERICAN I NSTI TU T E 01" STEEL. CONS T RUCT I ON

15
REG U LA R SERIES
." e - i"'~"+*"
"
T
,~
)- W
DI MENSIONS FOR D ETA i Li NG

SECT IONS
I
~:;'
I ",... w., Diltance
Ul ual
Nominal
$i,e
Weight
~t
Depth
s.:;on I~-
W idth.
." ThiCk_ I Half
flUS Th ic k-
, T k m g, 0 ,
0..
,,- ---,-- -- ---- -- --

'"- -'0-- '0- - - '0- '0- '0- '0- '0- '0- I'0-
- '0- '0- '0-
300 ,,. ,.
,'"''" ,.,.
36x16.!1 36 ~ 16~ )1 7 5)1
31Ji 40~
'"
2'''' 4
2,., 36)1 16 78 7 31 )1 2 1J.;e 40Ji 4 )1 5)1
260 36.!4 16)1 By 7 31)1 2". 3Ji )1 5)1
,,. "" I ", 39:%
250 36)1 16)1 1% 7 31 )1 2)1 39~ 3~ )1 5)1
240 36 16)1 3%, 5)1
230 35 16!1 1 ~""" Ji %
7Ji
7
31ys 2U;
31Ji 2%
39%
39)1 3)1
)1
;,; 5.!1i
,.,.
"" '' ,.
36 12 194 12)1 lU 5% 32!{ 2Ji 38)1 3!( 5)1
,.
X 3651 %
182 36Vs 12 32U 2;'; 5)1
5%
",. 38%
Ji % 3!(
170 36Ji 12 1Ji ';,; % 5% 32){ 38Ji 3}i 5)1
160 36 12 1 ';,; 5% 32U 1 38 3 % 5)1
150 35 12 ' ," Ji 5Ji 32){ p~ 37Ji 3 % 5)1
33x15;1{ 240 33)1 1% ,." 7)1 2,. 37Ji 3Ji )1 51i

,.,.
15% 28.%
''' ''
220 33~{ 15U 1)1 % 71i 28% 2~1G 36}i 31i ;,; 5)1
210 33Ji 15~ Ji % 7)1 28% 2){ 36~ 3)1 51i
200 33 15 ~ 1Ji Ji % 71i 28% 2", 36% 3)1 5)1
33x l 1M 152 33)111% 1;'; 5)1 351i 3 5)1

,.''""
% 29Ji I Ji Ji
141 33M 11M 5)1 3 5)1
132
125
33Ji 11)1
33 11 )1
""'I,
Ji
Ji
Ji 5)1
5)1
29;!iIJi
29Ji P!,.M
35M
35Ji 3
35
%
% 5)1
5)1
'" '" 29Ji IJi 2Ji %
30 )( 15 210
200
100
30Ji
30){
15Ji
15Ji
I~
1!:i' ''
Ji
%
%
7Ji
7Ji
25U 2,.
25~ 2 )4
34 3)1
33Ji 3)1
lM
lM
5)1
5)1
180
17'2
30Ji
30
29
15
15
15
'''
Hi
1!-M
Ji
1J16
'lM %
%
%
7Ji
7Ji
7Ji
25M
25M
2",
2Ji
25M 2;';
33Ji 3)1
33Ji 3).1
33)1 3U
lM
lM
Ji
5)1
5)1
5)1
30 X10J1 132 30)( 10)1 I Ji ,.,. 5 26Ji p~ 32Ji 3 % 5)1

124
116
108
30Ji
30
29
10)1
10)1
101i
'%

Ji
% ,. 5
5
5
26}1
26 ,,,.
1Ji
1)1
31 J8 3
31M 2Ji
%
%
5)1
5)1
5)1
Calle I, is bouM on k + 1).(". to near",! M".

Ji %
'" 26 31% 2Ji %
A M E RI CA N I N S TIT U T E O P S T EE L CONS TR UCTIO N

'" ROl.LED S TE EL SECT I ONS
T
W SECTIONS
I F'ROPERTI ES FOR DESIGNING

x3E Y
..
"' """
Flange A XI $ x . J( Ax ,S Y V
-
Weight W. b
Nominal
Si roo, ""'00
" ._- "
'Section W,d th
Th ick-
1MU S , 1 S ,
Thick_
I~ - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -
,".
'". lb.
I-'--'---- '". '" '" '". '".
I n.' In.' In.' In.'
27 X 14 177 52.10 27.31 14.090 1.190 .725 6728.6 492.8 11.36 518.9 73.7 3,1S
163 47.93 27.12 14.035 1.095 .670 6141.5 452.9 11.32 468.7 66.6 3.13
154 45.30 27.00 14.000 1.035 .635 SnS.8 427.8 11.29 437.6 62.5 3.11
145 42.68 26.66 13.965 .975 .600 5414.3 402.9 11.26 406.9 58.3 3.09
27 X 10 114 33.5..1 27.28 10.070 .932 .570 _.5 299.2 11.03 149.6 25.7 2.11
106 31.17 27.14 10.035 .662 .535 376t .2 2n.2 10.98 136.1 27.1 2.09
96 28.82 27.00 10.000 .792 .500 3446.5 255.3 10.94 122.9 24.6 2.07
91 26.77 26.64 9.963 .712 A83 3129.2 233.2 10.81 109.0 2 1.8 2.02
24 X 14 160 47.04 24.72 14.091 1.135 .658 5110.3 413.5 10.42 492.6 69.9 3.23
150 44.10 24.56 14.063 1.055 .628 4733.5 385.5 10.36 452.5 64.3 3.20
140 41.16 24.41 14.029 .960 .594 4376.1 356." 10.31 414.5 59.1 3.17
130 38.21 24.25 14.000 .900 .565 4009.5 330.7 10.24 3 75 .2 53." 3.13
24)( 12 120 35.29 24.31 12.088 .930 .556 3635.3 299.1 10.15 254.0 42.0 2.66
110 32.36 24.16 12.042 .955 .510 3315.0 274.4 10.12 229.1 38.0 2.66
100 29.43 24.00 12.000 .775 A66 2987.3 248.9 10.08 203.5 33.9 2.63
24)( 9 94 27.63 24. 29 9.061 .872 .516 2663.0 220.' 9.95 102.2 22.6 1.92
67 25.56 24.16 9.025 .607 A60 2467.8 204.3 9.82 92.9 20." 1.91
90 23.54 24.00 9.000 .727 A55 2229.7 185.8 9.73 82.4 18.3 1.87
74 21.n 23.87 8.975 .662 A30 2033.6 170.4 9.67 73.8 16.5 1.64
21 )( 13 142 41.76 21 .46 13.132 1.095 .659 3403.1 317.2 9.OJ 385.9 58.8 3.04
3.02
'"
122
38.81 2 1.31
35.95 21.16
13.087 1.020
13.040 .945
.614
.567
3141.6
2883.2
294.6
272.5
9.00
8.97
353.8
322. 1
54.1
49.4 3.00
112 32.93 2 1.00 13.000 .965 .527 2620.6 249.6 6.92 289.7 44.6 2.96
21 )( 9 10J 30.27 21.29 9.071 1.010 .606 2266.0 213. 1 8.66 119.9 26.4 1.99
96 28.21 21.14 9.038 .935 .575 2066.9 197.6 8.60 109.3 24.2 1.97
69 26.15 21.00 9.000 .965 .537 1919.2 182.8 8.57 99A 22.1 1.95
62 24.10 20.66 8.962 .795 A99 1752.4 168.0 8.53 99." 20.0 1.93
21)( 8)4 73 21.46 21.24 8.295 .740 A55 1600.3 150.7 8.64 66.2 16.0 1.76
66 20.02 21.13 8.270 .695 A30 1478.3 139.9 8.59 60A 14.6 1.74
63 18.52 2 1.00 8.250 .620 .410 1343.6 128.0 8.52 53.6 13.0 1.70
59 17.36 20.91 8.230 .575 .390 1246.8 119.3 8.47 49.2 12.0 1.66
See page 10 for ITW!lhod ot designation.
-
AMI~RICAN 1NS TITUT E OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
17
REGUl.AR SERIES
...It,, .......... +Tl

"
J f/' '/IF SECT I ONS
T
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,
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Gage g, if. baged on k + tU". 10 nca..... t U".
AMERICA,.. INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

,.
R OLLE D S T EEL SECT I ONS
I W
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING
SECTIONS
x- -x
Flange x-x v-v

I I I
"XIS
I, AXIS
Nomina! . Weight Area
. " "-
Depth Web
SIZe IW of of
Foot SeeMn Section Width
Thick_ Thlck_
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'8)l11~ 124 36.45 18.64 11.889 1.071 .651 2227.1 239.0 7.82 281.9 47.4 2.78
11 4 33.51 18,48 11.833 .991 .595 2033 . 220.1 7.79 255.6 43.2 2.76
105 30.86 18.32 11.792 .911 .554 1852.5 202.2 7.75 231.0 39.2 2.73
96 28.22 18.16 11.750 .831 .512 1674.7 184.4 7.70 206 . 35.2 2.71
18x 8~ .5 24.97 18.32 . 838 .911 .5'" 1429.9 156.1 7.57 99.4 22.5 2.00
77 22.63 18.16 8.787 .831 .475 1286.8 141.7 7.54 ".6 20.2 1.98
70 20.56 1800 8.750 .751 .438 , 153.9 128.2 7,49 78.5 17.9 1.95
64 18.80 17.87 8.715 .686 ,403 1045.8 117.0 7,46 70.3 16.1 1.93
,., 7H 55 16.19 18.12 7.532 .630 .390 889.9 98.2 7.41 42.0 11.1 1.61
50 14.71 18.00 7.500 .570 .358 800.6 89.0 7.38 37.2 9.9 1.59
47 13.81 17.90 7.492 .520 .350 736.4 82.3 7.30 33.5 9.0 1.56
16," J 114 33.51 16.64 11.629 1.035 .631 1642.6 197,4 7.00 254.6 43.8 2.76
16)( 8M
..
105
96
7.
30.87
28.22
25.87
22.92
16.48
16.32
16.16
16.32
11.582
11.533
11.502
8.586
.955
.875
.795
.875
.584
.535
.504
.529
1497.5
1355.1
1222.6
181.7
166.1
151.3
1042.6 127.8
6.96
6.93
6.87
6.74
230.7
207.2
185.2
87.5
39.8
35.9
32.2
20.4
2.73
2.71
2.67
1.95
71 20.86 16.16 8.543 .795 .486 936.9 115.9 6.70 77.9 18.2 1.93
64 18.80 16.00 .500 .715 .443 833 . 104.2 6.66 68.' 16.1 1.91
58 17.04 15.86 . 464 .645 .407 746.4 94.1 6.62 60.5 14.3 I."
16)( 7 50 14.70 16.25 7.073 .628 .380 655,4 80.7 6.68 34.8 9 . 1.54
45 13.24 16.12 7.039 .563 .346 583.3 72.4 6.64 30.5 . 7 1.52
40 11.77 16.00 7.000 .503 .307 515.5 64.4 6.62 26.5 7.' 1.50
36 10.59 15.85 6.992 ,428 .299 446.3 56.3 6.49 22.1 6.3 1.45
See pal" 10 for method of dcs.i,....tioll.
A MER ICA N IN S T I T UTE O F ST EEL C ONS TR UI; T IO N

REGULAR SE RIES
-oJr-""iW.D+,.r"
0,
J
. )- W SECTIONS
T
,~ DIMENSIONS FOR DETAILING I

til
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AMERICAN IN STITUTE 0,. STEEL CON S TRUCTION

20
ROL.LEO STEEL SECTIONS
I
V'F SECTIONS

]E ;
.
"., 0._.
.,
Flalll/O AX'S X - X ":><'S V_V
-". ..".
Nominal Weight
w'"
SIZe
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14)( 16
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In'
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.26 125.25 18.69 16.695 3.033 1.875 6610.3 707.4 7.26 2359.5 282.7 4.34
412 121.1 18.50 16.645 2.938 1.825 6309.7 682.1 7.22 2264.' 272.1 4.32
398 116.98 1831 16.590 2.843 1.770 6013.7 656.' 7 .17 2169.7 261.6 4.31
384 112.93 18.12 16.540 2.748 1.720 5727.5 632.2 7.12 2078.1 251.3 '.29
370 108.7 17.94 16.475 2.658 '.655 5454.2 608.1 7.08 1986.0 241.1 4.27
356 104.68 17.75 16.420 2.563 1.600 5179.4 583.6 7.03 1895.7 230.9 '.26
342
328
100.59
96.43
17.56
17.38
16.365 2.468 "45 4911 .5 559.4 6.99 1806.9 220.8 4.24
16.295 2.378 1.475 4656.1 535.8 6.95 1718.5 210.9 '.22
314 92.30 17.19 16.235 2.283 1.415 4399.4 511.9 6.90 1631.4 201.0 ' .20
300 88.20 17.00 16.175 2.188 1.355 4149.5 488.2 6.86 1546.0 191.2 4.19
287 84.37 16.81 16.130 2.()93 1.310 3912.1 465.5 6.81 1466.5 181.8 4.17
273 BO.22 16.62 16.065 1.998 1.245 3673.2 442.0 6.77 1382.9 172.2 4.15
264 71.63 16.50 16.025 1.938 1.205 3526.0 427.4 6.74 1331.2 166.1 4.14
255 7498 16.37 15.990 1.873 1.170 3372.6 412.0 6.71 1278.1 159.9 4.13
246 72.33 16.25 15.945 1.813 1.125 3228.9 397.4 6.68 1226.6 153.9 4.12
237 69.69 16.12 15.910 1.748 1.090 3080.' 382.2 6.65 1174.8 147.7 4.11
228 67.06 16.00 15.865 1.688 1.045 2942.4 367.8 6.62 1124.8 141.8 4.10
219 64.36 15.87 15.825 1.623 1.005 2798.2 352.6 6.59 1073.2 135.6 '.08
211 62.0 7 15.75 15.800 1.563 .'BO 2671.4 339.2 6.S6 1028.6 130.2 4.07
202 59.39 15.63 15.750 1.503 .930 2538.8 324.9 6.54 979.7 124.4 4.06
193 56.73 15.50 15.710 1.438 .890 2402.4 310.0 6.51 930.1 118.4 4.05
18' 54.07 15.38 15.660 1.378 .840 2274.8 295.8 6.49 882.7 112.7 4.04
176 51.73 15.25 15.640 1.313 820 2149.6 281.9 6.45 837.9 107.1 ' .02
167 49.09 15.12 15.600 1.248 .7BO 2020.8 267.3 6.42 790.2 101.3 4.01
158 46.4 7 15.00 15.550 1.188 .730 1900.6 253.4 6.40 745.0 95.8 '.00
ISO 44.08 14.88 15.515 1.128 .695 1786.9 240.2 6~7 702.5 90.6 3.99
142 41.8 5 14.75 15.500 1.063 .680 1672.2 226.7 6.32 860.1 85.2 3.~7
320 94.1 2 16.81 16.710 2.093 1.890 4141.7 492.8 6.63 1635. 1 195.7 4.17
14x 14?i 136 39.98 14.75 14.740 1.063 .660 1593.0 216.0 6.31 567.7 77.0 3.77
127 3733 14.62 14.690 .998 .610 1476.7 202.0 6.29 527.6 71.8 3.76
14.650 .'38
"'
III
103
34.99
32.65
30.26
14.50
14.37
14.25
14.620 .873
14.575
.570
.540
1373. 1
1266.5
189.4
176.3
6.26
6.23
491 .8
454.9
67.1
62.2
3.75
3.73
.813 .495 1165.8 163.6 6.21 419.7 57.6 3.72
95 27.94 14.12 14.545 .748 .465 1063.5 150.6 6.17 383.7 52.8 3.71
87 25.56 14.00 14.500 .688 .420 966.' 138.1 6.15 349.7 48.2 3.70
"COlumn ~ ....:uoo.
See page 10 for method of designation.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEI':l.. CONSTRUCTION
REGULAR S ERIES
...lr-C.y ....O+,t"
r
U
Jf/'
"
w
DIMENSIONS FOR DETAILING
SECTIONS
I
FI.>\UII 1 w 0,,1. """
--- , , , U,ual
Nom,n.1
Sill
Weight
f:t
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T hick_ Th..;k_ Half , g, , , , O.ge
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14 X 16 '26 18~
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16 ~ 3' ~ 1 'i u.
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7' .
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11 ~i. 3M 2'1i
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228 16 15Ji P !oV, 1," 110 7 1 " 'i 2'. 22M 3Ji M
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219 15 ~ 15J,i 1M 1 Ji 7M " ~ 2J{ 22Ji 3J.i I.
211 157.( 15U 1110 1 Ji 7M 11 M 2~M 22M 3J.i
202 15M 15M l Ji % Ji 7M " M 21i 22J{ 3Ji
193 15Ji 15U ;, '~ 7M 11 ~ 2," 22;' 3 1{ J.i
184 15M 15M 1M '"
n. '~ 7M 11 '1 2 22 3 1{ Ji
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"
AMERI CA N INSTITUTE 01' STEEL CON STRUCTION
22
R OLLED STEEL SECT I ONS
W SECTIONS
I PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING
flange AX,S X-X

Nom,nal W'ight
per
Ale.
DI
Depth
01
I
Th' k
W.,
Thlck_
AXIS v-V
Size Fool Seelig(l SectJon W,dth ...:is - lIel, I S ri S r
I--;,"-.-i--u;:-~-,"-.---,-".-.-,"-.- In. In.' In. ' -,"-.-I~!n:;--,"-.-

----
14 X 12 84 24.71 14.18 12.023 .778 .451 928.4 130.9 6.13 2255 37.5 3.02
78 22.94 14.06 12.00) .718 .428 851.2 121.1 6.09 206.9 34.5 3.00
14 ~ 10 74 21.76 14.19 10.072 .783 .450 796.8 112.3 6.05 133.5 26.5 2.48
68 20.00 14.06 10.040 .718 .418 724.1 103.0 6.02 121.2 24.1 2.46
61 17.94 13.91 10.000 .643 .378 641.5 92.2 5.98 107.3 21.5 :1:.45
14 ~ 8 58 17.06 14.06 8.098 .718 .406 597.9 85.0 5.92 63.7 15.7 1.93
53 15.59 13.94 8.062 .658 .370 542.1 77.8 5.90 57.5 14.3 1.92
48 14.11 13.81 8.031 .593 .339 484.9 70.2 5.86 51.3 12.8 1.91
43 12.65 13.68 8.000 .528 .308 429.0 62.7 5.82 45.1 11.3 1.89
14 X 6 ~~ 42 12.34 14.24 6.S01 .573 .338 432.2 607 5.92 28.1 8.3 \.51
38 11.17 14.12 6.776 .513 .313 385.3 54.6 5.87 24.6 7.3 1.49
3' 1'0.00 14.00 6.750 1 .453 .287 339.2 48.5 5.83 21.3 6.3 1.46
30 8.81 13.86 6.733 .383 .270 289.6 41.8 5.73 17.5 5.2 1.41
12 ~ 12 190 55.86 14.38 12.670 1.736 1.060 1892.5 263.2 5.82 589.7 93.1 3.25
176 51.79 14.12 12.615 1.606 1.005 1712.5 242.6 5.75 538.4 85.4 3.22
161 47.38 13.88 12.515 1.486 .905 1541.8 222.2 5.70 486.2 77.7 3.20
147 43.24 13.62 12.450 1.356 .840 13744 201.8 5.64 436.8 70.2 3.18
133 39.11 13.38 12.365 1.236 .755 1221.2 182.5 5.59 389.9 63.1 3.16
120 35.31 13.12 12.320 1.106 .710 1071.7 163.4 5.51 345.1 56.0 3.13
106 31.19 12.88 12.230 .986 .620 930.7 144.5 5.46 300.9 49.2 3.11
99 29.09 12.75 12.190 .921 .580 858.5 134.7 5.43 278.2 45.7 3.09
92 27.06 12.62 12.155 .856 .545 788.9 125.0 5.40 256.4 42.2 3.08
85 24.98 12.50 12.105 .796 .495 723.3 115.7 5.38 235.5 38.9 3.07
79 23.22 12.38 12.080 .736 .470 663.0 107.1 5.34 216.4 35.8 3.05
72 21.16 12.25 12.040 .671 .430 597.4 97.5 5.31 195.3 32.4 3.04
65 \9.1 1 1212 12.000 .606 .390 533.4 88.0 5.28 174,6 29.1 3.02
12 X 10 64 18.83 12.31 10.060 .701 .405 528.3 85.8 5.29 119.0 23.7 2.51
58 17.06 12.19 10.014 .641 .359 476.1 78.1 5.28 107.4 21.4 2.51
53 15.59 12.06 10.000 .576 .345 426.2 70.7 5.23 96.1 19.2 2.48
12 X 8 50 14.71 12.19 8.077 .641 .371 394.5 64.7 5.18 56 4 14.0 1.96
45 13.24 12.06 8.042 .576 .336 350.8 58.2 5.15 50.0 12.4 1.94
40 11.77 11.94 8.000 .516 .294 310.1 51.9 5.13 44.1 11.0 1.94
12 X 611 36 10.59 12.24 6.565 .540 .305 280.8 45.9 5.15 23.7 7.2 1.50
32 9.41 12.12 6.533 .480 .273 246.8 40.7 5.12 20.6 6.3 1.48
28 8.23 12.00 6.500 .420 .240 213.5 35.6 5.09 17.5 5.4 1.46
25 , 7.39 . 11.87 ~6.~OOO~~.~.~35~5C-~
.2~~
~-"
I~~"C-~
30~.~9~,~.~
~-"I'~.~5~2
"~5~,-"
I.~,O
Sc.! """" 10 for method of dcr.ignatoon.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

,3
REGU1,..A R SERIES
....J r-<:-twe~+tt"
.
fI- \fIF SECTIONS
T
, ,~ DIMENSIONS FOR DETAILING I

~!/
FI Anue
I WOO Dialanee
Usual
"'" I ,
,
-, . .
Dt>!>th I
Weight
, 0_
,., ~I-
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~
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A M E R ICAN I NSTITUTE O F STEEL. CONST R UC T IO N

2.
ROLLEO S T EEL SEC T I ONS
I
w SECTIONS
PROPERTIES FO R DES IGNI NG xjE ,,

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54 15.88 10.12 10.Q28 .618 .368 305.7 50.' 4.39 103.9 20.7 2.56
14.40 10.00 10.000 .558 .340 272.9 54.6 4.35 93.0 18.6 2.54
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-
See page 10 for method of de&ignalion.
A M ERI C AN I N S T IT U T E O F STE EL. C O N S TR U CTI O N

25
REGULAR SER I ES
...l( -.C- t _+*"

~ ~' V'F SECTIONS
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AM ERICAN I NSTITUTE: 01" STEEL CON ST RUCT ION
RO L. L- EO STEEL. SECTIONS
BEAMS <= ?
I AMERICAN STA NDA RD

x
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110.0 32.18 24.00 7.925 .675 2869.1 239.1 9.44 80.6 20.3 1.58
105.9 30.98 24.00 7.875 .625 2811.5 234.3 9.53 78.9 20.0 1.60
24 X 7 100.0 29.25 24.00 7.247 .747 2371.8 197.6 9.05 48.4 13.4 1.29
95.0 27.79 24.00 7.186 .686 2301.5 191.8 9.08 47.0 13.0 1.30
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79.9 23.33 24.00 7.000 .;00 2087.2 173.9 9.4<> 42.9 12.2 1.36
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95.0 27.74 20.00 7.200 .800 1599.7 160.0 7.59 00.' 14.0 1.35
90.0 26.26 20.00 7.126 .726 1550.3 155.0 7.68 48.7 13.7 1 .36
85.0 24.80 20.00 7.053 .653 1501.7 150.2 7.78 47.0 13.3 1.38
81.4 23.74 20.00 7.000 .600 1466.3 146.6 7.86 45.8 13.1 1.39
2Ox6~ 75.0 21.90. 20.00 6.391 .641 1263.5 126.3 7.60 30. 1 9.4 1.17
70.0 20.42 20.00 6.317 .567 1214.2 121.4 7.71 28.9 9.2 1.19
65.4 19.08 20.00 6.250 .;00 1169.5 116.9 7.83 27.9 8.9 1.21
18 X 6 70.0 20.46 18.00 6.251 .711 917.5 101.9 6.70 24.5 7.8 1.09
65.0 18.98 18.00 6.169 .629 877.7 97.5 6.80 23.4 7.6 1.11
60.0 17.50 18.00 6.087 .547 837.8 93.1 6.92 223 7.3 1.13
54.7 15.94 18.00 6.000 .4S0 795.5 88.4 7.07 21.2 7.1 1.15
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70.0 I 20.38 15.00 6.180 .770 659.6 87.9 5.69 28.8 9.3 1.19
65.0 18.91 15.00 6.082 .672 632.1 64.3 5.78 27.2 8.9 1.20
60.8 17.68 15.00 6000 .'90 609.0 81.2 5.87 26.0 8.7 1.21
15 x5M 55.0 16.06 15.00 5.738 .648 508.7 67.8 5.63 17.0 5.9 1.03
50.0 1<1.59 15.00 5.640 .550 481.1 64.2 5.74 16.0 '.7 1.05
45.0 13.12 15.00 5.542 .452 453.6 60.' 5.88 15.0 5.4 1.07
42.9 12.49 15.00 5.;00 .410 441.8 58.9 5.95 14.6 5.3 1.08
12 x5~ 55.0 16.04
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50.0 14.57 12.00 5.477 .687 301.6 50.3 4.55 16.0 '.8 1.05
45.0 13.10 12.00 5.355 .565 284.1 47.3 4.66 14.8 5.' 1.06
40.8 11.84 12.00 5.250 .460 268.9 44.8 4.77 13.8 5.3 1.08
12 X" 5 35.0 10.20 12.00 5.Q18 .428 227.0 37.8 4.72 10.0 3.9 .99
31.8 9.26 12.00 5.000 .350 215.8 36.0 4.83 9.5 3.8 1.01
See page 10 for ""'tho<! of designation.
AMERICAN IN STITUTE O F STEEL CON S TRUCTI O N
"'1 /'-" -! ....b+ r..
REGULAR SERIES --
.11
BEAMS
T ID. , AMERIC A N STANDARD
I
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AMRICAN INSTITUTE 0 .. STEEL CONSTRUCTION

RO LL ED STEEL SECT I ONS
BEAM S
'" :=>
I AM ER ICAN ST A NDARD
PROPERT I ES FOR DES IGNI NG

x- _x
,=>
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4.171
.532
.44'
68.1
64.2
17.0
16.0
3.03
3.09
'.7
.4
2.2
2.1
.80
.81
20.5 5.97 8.00 4.079 .349 60.2 15.1 3.18 ' .0 2.0 .82
18.4 5.34 8.00 '.000 .270 56.' 14.2 3.26 3.8 1.' .84
7x3~ 20.0 5.83 7.00 3.860 .450 41.9 12.0 2.68 3.1 1.6 .7'
17.5 5.09 7.00 3.755 .345 38.' 11.1 2.77 2.' 1.6 .76
15.3 4.43 7.00 3.660 .250 36.2 10.4 2.86 2.7 1.5 .78
6 X3 ~ 17.25 5.02 6.00 3.565 .465 26.0 8 .7 2.28 2.3 1.3 .68
14.75 '.29 6.00 3.443 .343 23.8 7.' 2.36 2.1 1.2 .6'
12.5 3.61 6.00 3.330 .230 21.8 7.3 2.46 1.8 1.1 .72
5" 14.75 '.29 5.00 3.284 .'94 15.0 6.0 1.87 1.7 1.0 .63
12 .25 3.56 5.00 3 .1 37 .347 13.5 5.' 1.95 1.4 .91 .63
10.0 2.87 5.00 3.000 .210 12. 1 4.8 2.05 1.2 .82 .65
4 x 2~ 10.5 3.05 4.00 2.870 .400 7.1 3.5 1.52 1.0 .70 .57
'.5 2.76 4.00 2.796 .326 6.7 3.3 1.56 .91 .65 .58
8.5 2.46 4.00 2.723 .253 6.3 3.2 1.60 .83 .61 .58
7.7 2.21 4.00 2.660 .190 6.0 3.0 1.64 .77 .58 .59
3 X2 ~ 7.5 2.17 3.00 2.509 .34' 2.' 1.' 1.15 .59 .47 .52
6.5 1.88 3.00 2.41 1 .251 2.7 1.8 1. 19 .51 .43 .52
5.7 1.64 3.00 2.330 .170 2.5 1.7 1.23 .46 .40 .53
I
See page 10 ror _thod or designation.
AM ERICA N I NSTIT U T E OF ST EEL C O N S TRU C TI O N

REGULAR SER IE S
1 "'!l. -<I _i_b +r."

, BEAMS
I- J

'"
AMERICAN STANDARD

I
~
~
~ W .ghl
t:.

- -- .
" .....
. Mean
w..Half .
0, _ _
. .
I ... "-
... "~
u~.
Section
--
In..
------Lb..
Width
In..
--
Thock- Th oc k_ ThIGko
In.. In..
T k
. _ - -In..- -In..- -In..- In.. -10-

In..
,,
.
g
--- - --
0
- - i - - I - - I - - - - - - ---,;:-
. " .~ g
10 40. 5)i Ii ~ li 2)i 2)i ~ Ii ~ 2~

35 . 0 5
4~
Ii
)i
li
~
" M 2)i
2)i
2)i ,,
2)i li Ii ~ 2~
2~
~
"
30 . 0 Ii
4li )i 2)i 2)i M Ii ~ 2~

25..4
4M ~
" " 6M 2)i ~ ~ 2)i
" ""
25 . 5 M '% %
?3 . 0 4); ~ ~ )i '% 6)i % 2)i ~ ~ 2)i
20.5 4); ~ 6M 2)i ~ ~ 2)i
" "
li '% % M
4 ~ 6)i 2)i ~ ~ 2)i
"
18. -4 ); '% %
7 20. 3% ); ~ )i ' % 5); '., 2
"
); li 2)i
17. 5
15. 3
3~
3);
);
);
);
)i" );
' % 5);
' % 5); ...
' ," 2
2
)i
"
);
);
);
);
2)i
2M
6 3); Ii 41i ~ 2 2
)i
"
17 . 25 ); ' )i ); );
14 . 15 31i li li ' )i 4)i ~ 2 )i li ); 2
12. 5 3li li )i "
); ' Ii 41i ~ 2
'" '"
); 2
5 3M Ii )i 3); 2 l )i
" %
"... "" Ii
14 . 15 ' );
3); ,-
-, 3); Ufo 2 )i
" Ii
12. 25 li ' ); 1"
3 ~I$ l. 3); 2 ,~
" Ii
10 . 0 ); ' ); ' ,"
4 2% ~ 2~ 2 )i
""" " "'" ''""

10. 5 ' )i ); Ii 'Ii
'.5 2~ ' )i 2~ ); 2 )i )i l)i
2~ Ji 1 }~ 2~ 2 )i
'.5
7.7 2%
" "
);
); ' )i 2~
%
); 2 ''"" "'" )i
')i
')i
3 7.5 2)i . )i
'" .,
)i )i
""'"
% ' ); '% li ' )i
6.5 2li )i )i )i ' ); '% )i li ' )i
5.7 2li )i )i
'" ); ' )i '%
'" li ' Ii
. . .
CalC I' II bated on k + l..!-{" .. to ....."teSt U" .
CDI" I "' Il'I'rm;';1>Ifc nr.u- erxl. 01 beam; ela ... ~re SPKilication ""'7 re<ju,", r~uaion in nvet .......
AMERICA N IN STITUTI: 0 1" STEEL CONSTRUCTION

ROLLED S TEEL S E C TION S
1
MISCELLANEOUS (B)
I \f\F COLUMNS AND BEAMS

]C y
,
Flange ,o.X'S X-X AXI$ y_y
Nominal
Sile
Weight
~,
,~,
., .,
Area Depth
Section Section Width
Thlck_
~.
WOO
Thlck_
~. I 5 , I 5 ,
-In._
- - In.'
--
I,. CO. 10.
, 10 I,.
, 10. , In.' 10. In.' In.' 10.
LIG HT COLUMNS
,
6 X 6 41
30
12.04
8.81
6.75
6.38
6.245
6.100 .,.,
.750 .495
.350
91.2
63.2
27.0
19.8
2.75
2.68
30.5
21.4
9.77
7.02
1.59
1.56
27 7.92 6.25 6.065 .500 .33' 55.0 17.6 2.63 18.8 6.18 1.54
23 6.76 6.12, 6.025 .435 .275 46.3 15.1 2.62 15.9 5.27 1.53
20 5.89 6.00 6.000 .375 .250 39.2 13.1 2.58 13.5 4.50 1.51
: 6 X6 18 5.28 6.09 6.025 .314 .26' 35.5 11.7 2.59 11.0 3.64 1.44
15;' 4.59 6.00 6.000 .26' .240 30.1 10.0 2." 9.19 3.06 1.42
4 X4 13 3.82 4.16 4.060 .345 .280 11.3 3.76 1.85 .99
,.., 1 1.72
10 2.93 4.00 4.000 .265 .220 8.31 4.16 1.68 2.74 1.37 .97
7; ' 2.22 3.87 3.950 .200 .170 6.06 3.13 1.65 1.96 .99 .94
-
LIGHT BEAMS
t 12 ~ 4 22 6,47 12.31 4.030 .424 .260 lSS.7 25.3 4.91 4,,, 2.26 .84
19 5.62 12.16 4.010 .349 .240 130.1 21.4 4.81 3.67 1.83 .81
4,86 12.00 4.000
J .230 105.3 17.5 4.65 2.79 1.39 .76
16M .26'
t 10 X 4 19 5.61 / 10,25 4.020 .394 .250 96.2 18.8 4.14 4.19 2.08 .86
17 4.98 10.12 4.01(J .329 .240 81.8 16.2 4.05 3.45 1.72 .83
15 4.40 10.00 4.000 .26' .230 68.8 13.8 3.95 2.79 1.39 .80
t 8 X4 15 4.43 8.12 4.015 .314 ,245 48.0 11.8 3.29 3.30 1.65 .86
13 3.83 8.00 4.000 .254 ,230 39.5 '.88 3.21 2.62 1.31 .83
t 6 X4 16 4.72 6.25 4.030 .404 .260 31.7 10.1 2.59 4.32 2.14 .96
12 3.53
, 6.00 I 4.000 .279 .230 21.7 7.24 2.48 2.89 1.44 .W
JO ISTS (SoL I D W~6)
t 12 X 4 14 4.14 11.91 3.970 .224 .200 88.2 14.8 4,61 2.25 1.13 .74
t 10 X 4 11 ;' 3.39 9.87 3.950 .204 .180 51.9 10.5 3.92 2.01 1.02 .77
I 8, 4 10 2.95 7.W 3.940 .204 .170 30.8 7.79 3.23 1.99 1.01 .82
,, 6, 4 8; ' 2.50 '.83 3,940 .194 .170 14.8 5.07 2.43 1.89 .96 .87
*RoI1<:d by Bethlehem Steel Co.

-
:RQlled by IJethlehem Sleel Co. and Ca m"rio 1IIIno. Steel Corp.
s... page 10 for ""'thod of designation .
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STE: L. CONSTRUCT I ON
REGULAR SE Al ES
-'l~-'" i_D +;iIt

, ., MISCELLANEOUS (8 )
J '/If I
L
T
::j
COLUMNS AND BEAMS

I
l:J
Flanlll Wob Dialanee
r.;, -,
Doo.- U... al
"-. -. ..
We'uht M D.
-, , , '"
J\lamln~ 0 ...
Hall
SlIe Thick_ Th.ck_
. . I- .. .
g,
"",'00 W,dth Tnick_ T k R,vot
g
---- --
'" " '" '" '" '" '"
LIGHT COLUMNS
-6x6 41 6~t Gh' T I{ Ji '( 231 I 4% p. 2' ' '16 I{ 3Ji

2" '.
30
27
23
M'8
5 1.1
6%
6%
6%
6
'M
"
'M
%
H
'M %
'"
'M
2)l
2)l
2Ji
4%
4%
'%
Ji
11"
)(
2
2
'.
'M
I{
I{
J' 3h
3Ji
3Ji
20 6 6
" '. % 2Ji 4% u, 2 'M I{ 3
l5x5 '6 6% 6
"'. '.'. % 2!-i 4'i % I'~
" I{ 3Ji
-4x4
15M
,.
13
6
'%
6
4 ~8
'.., I
%
%
2)l
1Ji
4)l "
2% ,. 1~~
i ~.,
"
'M
I{
%
3;'
2l{
7)l 3)l
4
4
'.
~~
'"
LIGHT
%
, )l
1)l
Hs
BEAMS
2)l
'"
, 2)l , _'i
Ih
H.j
I
11~
'M
%
%
2~~
2~~
t 12 X 4 22
19
12}4
"%
4
4 ',...
',
"
I.
,,'
%
%
la
1)l
1)l
10~~
10 74
10~i'
).
UM
~'8
2
2
1~4
"
"'M ,,
"
I{
21~
2 1
21~
t 10 X 4
16H
19
"
10h' 4 I" J-i
%
% 1Ji 6)l "M 2 2',
17 IOn 4 '. 'M % 1)l 6Ji ,% 2 '"
'M
S'4
% 2~4
15 1. 4 '. ' , % 1% 6Ji lh " % 2 1,
tax4
t 6 X4
15
13
16
6%
6
6 14
6
"'. '.'.
4
4
,. .. I
I ~8 I.
%
%
%
1)l
1)l
1%
1)l
6)l
6li
4'li
4)l
'.
%
"il
2
1),
2
1%
I lf
'w
hi
)(
%
14
%
2J,
2'.
2 1
2,.
" %
JOISTS (SO .. IC WeB)
'M
"
.,.
.' ..
t 12 x 4 11~ 1)l IOU 11{ 2 1,
" ~ ;j
'"'""
14 %
t 10 x 4 11Ji
" 1Yo 6)l Ih 2,.
n,5)l " % "
Iii ;j
t8 x 4 1. )..1 1)l 6)l Ih
" ,.
;j 2'.
'.
'i
t6 x 4 6Ji 'M % 1)l 5 ? 1"4 " 2,.
-Rollm by I~thlchem St'"'" Co,
lRoIltd by ilelillehem St'"'" Co. and Caml'lI",lIIinrns SUI"I Co<)I.
Gage If>. ba$M on k+' \i". 10 ....." ....1 ~".
Galle. ;. I"'nnielk _ r ,,1Mb of be"m;" ....-her<' Spcocification may Il'quire f'f<iUClion In rivet iii,...,
AMItRICAN INSTITUTE: 0". STEEL CONSTRUCTION

ROLLEQ S TEE L SECTIONS
MISCELLANEOUS (M )
l
COLUMNS AND BEAMS
I PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING

y
AXIS X-X AXIS V-V

Nominal
Size
Afea
0<
Section
Width
Fta~~:-
Web I
I Sri
I S
I r
1--,,-".--1-,,7,-. f--c,.-,,---I-C,-".-I-,-"-.-,-".- .-,"-.- In I In. 10:;- ~ , -,-".-
LIGHT COLUMNS
8 I( 8 37.7 11.09 8.00 8.125 .500 120.8 30.2 3.31 36.9 9.1 1.83
34.3 10.09 8.00 8.000 .375 115.5 28.9 3.40 35.1 8.8 1.87
32.6 9.59 8.00 7.938 .313 112.8 28.2 3.45 34.2 8.6 1.90
6 I( 6 27.5 '.09 6.00 6.063 .438 49.3 16.4 2.47 16.0 5.3 1.41
25.0 7.35 6.00 5.938 .313 47.0 15.7 2.53 14.9 5.0 1.43
22.5 6.62 6.00 6.063 .375 41.0 13.7 2.49 12.2 4.0 1.36
20.0 5.88 6.00 5.938 .250 38.8 12.9 2.57 11.4 3.8 1.39
f ~ l( ~ 18.9 5.47 5.00 5.000 .313 23.8 9.5 2.08 7.8 3.1 1.20
f 4 X4 13.8 3.99 4.00 4.000 .313 10.7 5.3 1.64 3.6 1.8 .95
STANDAR D MILL BEAMS

t 151(5Ji 36.0 10.59 15.00 5.56 .34 381.5 50.9 6.00 12.0 4.33 1.07
33.0 9.71 15.00 5.50 .28 365.0 48.7 6.13 11.6 4.22 1.09
t 14 I( 6~ 34.0 10.00 13.88 6.835 .350 313.8 45.2 5.60 17.5 5.13 1.32
30.0 8.82 13.88 6.750 .265 294.9 42.5 5.76 16.8 4.99 1.38
P21(6Ji 28.0 8.24 11.88 6.569 .314 193.6 32.6 4.85 13.9 4.28 1.30
25.0 7.35 11.88 6.495 .240 182.8 30.8 4.98 13.4 4.12 1.35
tt01(5~ 23.0 6.n 9.90 5.79 .29 112.1 22.6 4.09 9.57 3.30 1.19
21.0 6.18 9.90 5.74 .24 107.5 21.7 4.17 9.30 3.24 1.22
t 8 I( 531 21.0 6.18 '.00 5.40 .38 62.3 15.6 3.18 6.80 2.52 1.05
19.0 5.59 '.00 5.32 .31 59.2 14.8 3.26 6.45 2.42 1.08
17.0 5.00 '.00 5.25 .24 56.0 14.0 3.35 6.16 2.35 1.11
t 7 X 3Ji 12.0 3.52 7.00 3.50 .188 29.8 8.5 2.91 2.1 1.18 .77
tSll3 10.0 2.91 6.00 ,-,-
3.~00
,-_,--
. 188 17.8 5.9 . 2.47 1.3 .85 .66
JUN IOR BEAMS

_12 I( 3 11.8 3.45 12.00 3.063 .175 72.2 12.0 4.57 .9' .64 .53
_11 I( 2h 10.3 3.01 11.00 2.844 .165 53.1 9.6 4.20 .75 .52 .50
_10 X 2~ 9.0 2.64 10.00 2.688 .155 39.0 7.8 3.85 .61 .45 .4,
_ 9 I( 2 ~ 7.5 2.20 9.00 2.375 .145 26.2 5.8 3.45 .39 .33 .42
- 81(214 6.5 1.92 8.00 2.281 .135 18.7 4.7 3.12 .34 .30 .42
- 7 X 2Ji 5.5 1.61 7.00 2.078 .126 12.1 3.5 2.74 .25 .24 .39
- 6 X 178 4.4 1.30 6.00 1.844 .114 7.3 2.4 2.37 .17 .18 .36
*Rclled by OIrnegie-lJIino:>i6 Sleel Corp .. Inland SI~l Co. and The poo.ntl Iron Co.
ROUOO by OIrMgie-lIIinoiA SI ...1 Corp.
jRolioo by 'I1Ie I'ho<-ni ... Iron Co.
RoIll'd by JOIV1I & Laughlin Steel Corp.
See JI'l'" 10 for melhod of dftignalion.
AMERICA'" !NSTITUT OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

REGULAR SERIES
.1
-Jr-c-t ...... +;i"
MISCELLANEOUS (M )
"
I
, ' V'FCOLUMNS AND BEAMS
r,
r
I "1 DIMENSI O N S FO R DETA ILING
I
l.~
W'"
Nominal
Size
We'ght Deplh

'00' "
,",,'00 Width _.
Flafl\l(l
Mean
Thi<:k_
-
Th,ck_ Hall
Thi<:k_
M"
, T
D,st."""
k g,'" g 0
1 M ..
Ri~.t
Uou al
G.~
,. C>. ,.. ... ,. '" '"

... I .. ... ,. ... -,.- -'"-
.
LIGHT COLUMNS
8 X8 37.7
34.3
8
8
8}>
8 "' .. M
%
I.
"'"
3%
3 7-'8
6.14
6'.
;,
;,
;,
2M
2M '.
)i ~;,
5M
5M
.. 6~4
32.6 8 8 5(6 3;' 2M )i 5M
6 X 6 27.5
25.0
6
6
6}>
6
'"M
M
J.f6
hi
I. 2;'
2;'
4;4
4;~
;,
;,
",
2),
2M ,.,
3\6 ;,
;,
;,
3M
3M
. I,
22.5 6 6}> % % S{6 4% 21~ 3M
2/1 ;,
20.0 6 6 % )i }> 2;' 4 ~8 "16 21i ~, 3M
t 5 5 11 16 j( 2~
'"
5 X5 18.9 Ij6 2% 3h 2;. ),
t 4 X 4 13.8 4 4 % $te ~f6 I;' 2M j( 2 j( % 2}{
-
STANDARD MIll BEAMS
~8 12~ I}> ;, 2~
t15 X 5J.1l 36.0 5M
" 2% 2M l.
15 M
l(, 12U I}> 2j(
33.0 15
t14 X 6U 34.0 13 %
5M
6;'
M
%
}> 2%
3;4 12 1:'1" ;,
2M
2'.
"J, }>
;, 3M
%
30.0 13}i 6U % " )< % 3)< 12% ;, 2' '
"
116 ;, 3M
t 12){ 6~ 28.0
25.0
11 Ji
11 }1
6%
6M
}>
%
" " )i }>
3}>
3}>
10 l i
10J4
",
1116
2
2 ,,,
;. ;,
;,
3M
3M
j( 2 .!.-~ j(
'." " ''(,"

tlO X 5U 23.0 9;' 5U hi 2% 8M 2U
21.0 9;' 5% l~ }> 2j( 838 j( 2 ~16 j( 2~:'I"
'."
'. .
t 8 X 5;(1 21.0 8 5 3ii }> 2M 6% 111& 2 ;, 2U
11 16 ;,
~
19.0 8 M il ~ 16 2M 6% 2 2j(
t
t
7 )( 3M1 12.0
6 )( 3 10.0
17.0 8
7
6 I
5'.
3M
3
.1
"
16
516
J.
'M }>
}>
2M
1%
1%
6%
5%
4j(
",
%
%
2
2
2
'"
I '"
~f6
'.
%
%
2j(
2
Hi
JUN IOR BEAMS
12){ 3 11.8 I
ilI l1 X 2}i 10.3 12 11 l ;
2%l
J.
''"'"" '".
1M
%
It.
1M
1%
11
10
%
~
Ij(
lU
~rr
~
ill 10 X 2% 9.0 10 2U 1(. Ij( 9;' lU
9 X 21i
~ 7 )( 2Ys 5.5
7.5
8 )( 2!q 6.5
6){ 1 J.i 4.4
9
8
7
6
2 ~i
2 ~.(
2%
1;'
"' 16
"
~ .."
~.
>I.
I}>
I}>
1
;,
8%
7)<
6;4
5'.
'{o
%
%
1M
1M
1%
1%
%
.RoIled by Comcgielllinois SI""I Corp .. Inland Su",1 Co . and",., I'oo.ni~ Iron Co.
t Rolled by C~rnet:-lI!lnoi' St.,.,1 Corp.
tnolled by Thl! I' "",nix Iron Co.
"
io Roiled by Jono:~" Lau~hlin Steel Ox!'.
Cag~ g, IS based on k +
1).(" . 10 ....aresl '{". .. . ....
G3ge g ill ,,,,m,,sslble ncar end. of bc.~m: el~ ... he.re SpecIficatIon may requIre rMUCtlOn In rlvel .....e.
AMERIC"N INST I TUT E O F STEEL CONSTRUCT ION
34
ROLLED STEEL SECTIONS
CHANNELS ;1=
[ AMER ICAN S T ANDARD

x
-
t-
I ~"
'b,
X
Nom;nal
S,ze r."
"' """'
W eight
" " "

.
Section
Woo
Secluln
W,<lth
Flange
_.
Thic:k_
I
I
AXIS X-X
I S
I,
i
I
AX I S
S
V-V
., I,
'". '". '". In,1
,----
'" -4.200
In. '
" 16.98 18.00 '"- .700 In.' In.'
'" In.
--
In.
18 X 4 58.0 670.7 74.5 6.29 18.5 5.6 1.04 .88

51.9 15.18 18,00 4.100 .600 622 1 69.1 6.40 17.1 5.3 1.06 .87
45.8 13.38 18.00 4.000 .
.500 1 573.5 63.7 6.55 15.8 5.1 1.09 .89
42.7 12.48 18.00 3,950 .450 549.2 61.0 6.64 15.0 4.' 1.10 .90
15 X 3~ 55.0
50.0
45.0
16.11
14.64
13.17
15.00
15.00
15.00
3.814
3.716
3.618
.814
.716
.618
429.0
401.4
373.9
57.2
53.6
49.8
5.16
5.24
5.33
12.1
11.2
10.3
4.1
3.8
3.6
.87
. 87
.88
...
.82
.79
40.0 11.70 15.00 3.520 .52<) 346.3 46.2 5.44 '.3 3.4 .89 .78
35.0 10.23 15.00 3.422 .422 318.7 42.5 5.58 8.4 3.2 .91 .79
33.9 '.90 15.00 3.400 .400 312.6 41.7 5.62 8.2 3.2 .91 .79
12 X 3 40.0 11.73 12.00 3.415 .755 196.5 32.8 4.09 6.6 2.5 .75 .72
35.0 10.26 12.00 3.292 .632 178.8 29.8 4.18 5.' 2.3 .76 .69
30.0 8.79 12.00 3.170 .510 161.2 26.' 4.28 5.2 2.1 .77 .63
25.0 7.32 12.00 3.047 .387 143.5 23.9 4.43 4.5 1., .79 .68
2<).7 6.03 12.00 2.940 .2" 128.1 21.4 4.61 3.' 1.7 .81 .70
lOx 2 % 35.0 10.27 10.00 3.180 .82<) 115.2 23.0 3.34 4.6 1., .67 .69
30.0 8." 10.00 3.033 .673 103.0 20.6 3.42 4.0 1.7 .67 .65
25.0 7.33 10.00 2.886 .526 90.7 18.1 3.52 3.4 1.5 .68 .62
20.0 5.86 10.00 2.739 .379 78.5 15.7 3.66 2.8 1.3 .70 .61
15.3 4.47 10.00 2.600 .240 66.' 13.4 3.87 2.3 1.2 .72 .64
1
9 x 272 25.0 7.33 '.00 2.812 .612 70.5 15.7 3.10 3.0 1.4 .64 .61
2<).0 5.86 '.00 2.648 .448 60.6 13.5 3.22 2.4 1.2 .65 .59
15.0 4.39 '.00 2.485 .285 SO.7 11.3 3.40 1.' 1.0 .67 .59
13.4 3.89 '.00 2.430 .230 47.3 10.5 3.49 1.8 .97 .67 .61
8x2M 21 .25 6.23 8.00 2.619 .579 47.6 11.9 2.77 2.2 1.1 .60 .59
18.75
16.25
5.49
4.76
8.00
8.00
2.527
2.435
.487
.395
43.7
39.8 ,.,
10.9 2.82
2.89
2.0
1.8
1.0
.94
.60
.61
.57
.56
13.75 4.02 8.00 2.343 .303 35.8 '.0 2.99 1.5 .86 .62 .56
11.5 3.36 8.00 2.260 .220 32.3 8.1 3.10 1.3 .79 .63 .58
7 x 2~ 19.75 579 7.00 2.506 .629 33.1 '.4 2.39 1.8 .96 .56 .58
17.25 5.05 7.00 2.404 .524 30.1 8.6 2.44 1.6 .86 .56 .55
14.75 4.32 7.00 2.299 .419 27.1 7.7 2.51 1.4 .79 .57 .53
12.25 3.58 7.00 2. 194 .314 24.1 6.' 2.59 1.2 .71 .58 .53
'.8 2.85 7.00 2.090 .210 21.1 6.0 2.72 .98 .63 .59 .55
*Car and Shipbui'ding Channel; 001 an Ameri<an Sland8ro.
See page 10 lor method 0( designat.o)ll.
AMERI CA N I NSTITUTE OF STEEL. CON STRUCTI O N
35
REGULAR SE RIE S
_c cF&,>+n"
- - CH ANNELS
-<It-- ~-
- j
,
AMERICAN STANDARD
D I MENS IONS FOR D ETA ILING

[
T
,
I
-'". _.'" -'"
Flange DIstance
I WOO UlUal
,.
Welaht M M.
""'"
" r:,
Seo:lOon Width
Mean
1Thick_
.
ThICk_ Thick_
Hall
, T k , Qrip Flange
Ri.et
,
0 ...
.". co. ~-
'". '"1. '". ... '". '" '" ,'"

~-
...
J{ %
"8 58.
51.9
4J4
4%
%
%
II 16
%
3
"'i
8 3 '2 153 8
3'1 1Sh Pl6
P,6 2y!
2?\' ". % ,, 2%
2%
45.8
42.7
4
4
%
%
%
'~ ,I [
3% 1 5~iI P ,
3% ISh w"
2~
2U
~;6
%
%
% , 2%
2%
,,
15 55.0
so.
45.0
40 .
3).i
3M
3%
3%
%
%
%
%
",J{
%
~Ie
'"
110
%
;.
3
3
3
3
12li
123i
12~
12~j
Hit!
15,
""". 2~
2J{
2~:(
2J{
).i
""""
%
%
%
%
%
,,
,,
2 ~:(
2J{
2 J~
2
35.0 3%
3%
%
%
110 ), 3
3
128 8
' 2% H(o
", 2J{
2M
%
%
%
%
2
2
"" '"
33.9
3% % % 2% 9).i 2% % % ).i 2
'2 40.0
35.0 3~~ %
%
% ~M 2% 9).i ", '" 2% ',," M ).i 2
3% J{ 2% 9% ". 2M M ).i lU
30.0
25.0 3
M
%
%
% 'I. 2% 9).i
'" 2% '"
liO % ).i lU
,. 20.7
35.0
3
3%
M
110 '"
U
l6
%
'.%
2% 9).i
2% 8%
",
".
2M
2%
%
).i
%
M
).i
J{
lU
1~
30.0 3
2).i
liO 114 2% 8% ,. IG 2M
2)4
J{ 110
I J{
J{
lU
lU
'.
25.0 110 !:( 2~ 8% 1 ~16 % 110
2M '%J{" 2% 8% 1~l6 2)4 J{ , )4
'",.
20.
"% 110 110
15.3 2% liO 2% 8% I ~-M 2)4 110 J{ ,)4
J{
'.
9 2U % 2 ~:( ).i 2)4 ' )4
110
'"
25.0 7):( 1"
''". ."
2% J{ % 2)4 )4 J{ 'M
20.
15.0
13.4
2M
2h
110
'" J{
!.
%
2!4
2 ~4
21{
7J:(
7'
n:(
).i
%
2M
2M
3i
"
"% J{
J{
'%
'%
..
8 2% 2
". " % J{
% % 63~ u~ 21:( 'M
'"
2 1.25
2% 2 2'. J{ '%
18.75
2'!
%
%
% !:(
2
6J1I
6% 1!-16 2'. "% '1
% J{ '%
",'J{" "
16.25
13.75 23~ % "% 2
2
6%
6% I;,
", 2'. % %
H
J{
%
'%
11.5 2}4 % 2}4
" '%
7 19.75 2%
2Ya
% ,%, "J{ Bi 5%
Pi 5%
". 2
2
1116 % %
%
'%
17.25
2'.
%
'. 5~ i "" 2
%
%
!1
% %
'%
'J{
'"'."
13
14.75 % l1i 16
2'. 3~ ,).i 53 8 ", 2 % % % 17(
12.25
9.8 "% ,).i 5 3/g ", 2 ' J{
2% "
'Car and Shipbu,ldir'R Ct",,,,;'I; not1&n A"",iC::ln Standard .
Gag<: gl is ba9C<l on k + 13(", to nea"",t ~".
-~
-'" %
G:&Re R iP. Il'"tm .... bie ncar end. of eh.~nncl; ebewhere SpecIfICation may n.~lui,.., rrouction in ,iyet size.
%
A M E R IC A N IN ST ITUTE OF S TE El.. CO N ST R UC T IO N
36
ROLLED STEE L SE CTIONS
,
CHANNELS ;Po
[ AMERICAN STANDARD
LIGHTWEIGHT
A ND
X ---
~
r-
~.
X
P
,
~
AXI" x-x AXIS V-V

Area Depth Woo ---"
Nom,.... '
S"e
We'oh!
t:,
Sect",,,
.1
"'"~
Width

F1anoe
Thick_
ne I S I I S I ,
" --
'"" CO. In. '
'"" '". '". In.' In. '
'". In.' In, I
'".
6" 15.5
13.0
'.54
3,81
6.00
6"00
2.279
2.157
.559
' 37
19.5
17.3
6.5
5"'
2.07
2.13
L3
L1
"73
"65
"53
.53
I: "52
10.5 3.07 6.00 '.034 .314 15. 1 5.0 '.22 .87 .57 53 "50
'"' 2.39 6.00 L920 .200 13.0

."' 2.34 .70 .50 .54 .52
Sx.1 M 11.5 '"'6 5.00 2.032 .472 10.4 '.1 1.76 .8' 54 .49 .51
'"0 '.63 5.00 L885 .325 8.8 3.5 L83 .64 A5 .49 .48
6"7 1.95 500 1.750 .190 7.' 3.0 1.95 A8 "38 .50 A'
4){ 1% 7.25 2. 12 '.00 1.720 "320 '.5 '.3 1.47 .44 "35 A6 A6
6.25
5A
1.82
L56
'.00
'"00
1.647
1.580
.247
.180
'.1
3.8
'.1
L'
L50
L56
.38
.32
"32
"29
A5
A5
I A6
A6
3 X 1 J1 6.0
5"0
1.75
1.46
3"00
300
I .S!l6
1 498
.356
"258 '"'
1.8
L'
L2
LOS
1.12
.31
.25 ""
.24
.42
AI
A'
.44
'"' 1.19 3m 1.410 .170 I"' L1

I
1.17 .20 .21 AI A.
LIGHTWEIGHT C H ANNELS
-
n~1 3.12 12 .00 L500 4.23
"" I 35
""
12:.:. 10.6 1 "190 55"8 '.3 "39 [
mlO x 111 8.4 2.47 10.00 L500 .170 32.3 '.5 3.61 "33 "28 "37 "29
I I
.Rollro by JQnef. &: Laughlin $,,,,,1 Corp.
--
Sec Pl'ile. 10 For ..... 'hod of designahon.
AMERI CA N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

37
REGUL.AR SERt ES
c .... eb+ri
.-

r CHANNELS
T ~~
J. AMERICAN STANDARD
[
1 "', !
"
LIGHTWEIGHT
ANO
-,
T DIMENSIONS FOR DETAILING
Flange WO> Distance
I "'. R. . G_
---
Weight -- M~
U~.
r..
""'~
Wid,h
M N'

Thick_ TII",k.
T k ,H"
ThICk-
, g,
Fl . . .
,.
--- "
,. ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. -,.
6 15.5 2', ~ii " '.', ,v. 4)\ V. 2 ji
" ji l ji
2;j 3 T, 1 ~, 4'4 l ji
"!i
13.0 8 V. 2 li ji
5
10.5
11.5
8.'
2
1)j
2
1)j
h
"
"
ji
'.,
"
'
"
'"
;j
M
";j
'v.
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lji
4 Ji
4li
3ji
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V.
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2
2
2
'., "
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ji
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li
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1;j
1)j
9 . 1 3j, Hie 2
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6.7 ' V. " " Ih 3t8 2
" " li 1;j
I,
4 7.25
6.25

' V.
l ji
l ji
"
..."
"
"
"
";j
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1',
1',
2~:f'
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li
li
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M
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%
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" ' V. li
LI G HTWEIGHT C H A NNELS
,
." 10.6 l li
'. " ji P, 10~", ji 2 )i
g 1 ~4
' 1 8.' 1
" " ji I ', h
"
Ku/Jw bf Joou" laughlin St~ Corp.
~ It' Ixlloed on k+ 1M". 10 ...... mIl ,,",
GlOre I it perm_hie ...,3r end. 0( fha nnd: el....hore SI'''''Wau ..... "'''Y rtq~"e mduclion in nvel size
A M E RI CAN I N S TITUTE 0 .. STEEL CONS T RUCT I O ...

38
ROL.L.EO STEEL SEC TION S
ANGLES I-'~
L EQUAL LEGS
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS ~bTX

, , I
.
... Th""'-
W..,."
r...
,,-
"'.... I
AX,S X-X AN D AX , .
S ,
V -V
"'Y
", XI. %. %
,
'n' 'n.- '". '" --'"
'" . '" " . In'
..
:~
8,8 56.' 16.73 98.0 17.~ 2.42 2 .41 ' .56
54 .0 15.B7 93.5 16.7 2.43 2.39 1-56
51.0 15.00 89.0 15.8 2.44 2.37 1-56

~
48.1 14.12 84.3 14.9 2.44 2.34 1-56
45.0 13.23 79.6 14.0 2.45 2.32 1.57
42.0 12.34 74.7 13.1 2.46 2.30 1.57
lI iI
38.' \1.44
10.53
69.7
64.6
12.2 2.47
2.48
2.28
2.25
1.57
1-58
35.8 11.3
3"-' 9.61 59.4 10.3 2 .49 2.23 1-58
S ,.. 29.6 8.68

7.75
54.'
48.6
'.3
8.'
2.50
2.50
2.21
2. 19
' .58
1-59
G,G
37.4 11 .00 355 8.G 1-80 ' .86 1.17
35.3 10.37 33.7 1-80 1-84
II 8.' 1. 17
33. ' ' .73 31.9 7.G
7.2
1.81 ' .82
1-80
1.17
3 1.0 ' .09 30.' ' .82 1.17
~ 28.7
" .S
8."
7.78
28.2
".2
G.7
6.2
1-83
1-83
1-78
' .75
1.17
1.17
~
2<.2 7.11 2'-2 ' .7 1.84 1.73 1. 18
2 1.9 6.-43 22.' ' .85 1.71 1. 18
.,. ' .86

19.6 5.75 19.9 '.G ' .68 1.18
h
17.2
14.9
5.06
.36
17.7
15.4
3.'
1.87
1.88
' .66
' .64
1.19
1.19
..if 3O.G
28.'
27.2
' .00
8.50
7.98
19.6
18.7
17B
5.8

' .2
' .48
1-48
1.49
1.61
1.59
1.57
.97
.97
.'7
fr
25.4
23.G
7.<6
G."
6.<0
16.8
15.7
14.7

1.50
1.51
1.55
1.52
.97
.97
.98
21 .8 '.2 1.51 1.50
"
' .86 1.52 1.48 .98
~.Ia
20-0 13.6 3.'
18. 1 5.3 1 12.4 3.' 1-53 1.46 .98
16.2 4.75 11.3 3.2 1.54 1.43 .98
14.3 4.18 10.0 2.8 1.55 1.41 .98
,
!
"
12.3 3.61 8.7 2.4 1.56 1.39 .99
4<. ~i,~ 18.5 5 .44 7.7 2.8 1.19 1.27 .78
17.1 5.03 7.2 2.G 1.19 1.25 .78
"~
15.7
14.3
4 .61
4. 18 ,..
'.7 2.'
2.2
'-20
1.21
1.23
1.21
.78
.78
12'.
12.8 3.75 ' .G 2.0 1.22 1.18 .78
11.3 3.31 5.0 '.8 1.23 1.16 .78
' .8
,.,
8.2
2.86
2.<0
.4
3-'
'-'
1.23
1.24
1.14
1. 12
.79
79
J. 1.94 3.0 '-' 1.25 ' .09 .80
,
A'.III!:'UC"N INSTITUTE 0" STEEL CONSTRUCTION
39
R EG U LA R SERIES
J ANGLES
" i
,- ~.-.~,
,I " -L
EQUAL LEGS
PROPEHTIES OF SECTIONS
L
--_.
/lXIS x-x AND AX'S vv 1AXIS Z-Z
W eigllt
""
I , I I ,
SilO Tho;i<nest
/,:, Section I S X or y
'".
I '". '". '".
'". c.. In .' In.' ,"'
3M It 3M ~{ 16.0 4.69 5.0 2.1 1.03 1.15 .68

1 ~J6 14.8 4.34 4.7 2.0 1.04 1.12 .68
% 13.6 3.98 4.3 1.8 1.04 1.10 .68
.68
~
12.4 3.62 '.0 1.7 1.05 1.08
11.1 3.25 3.6 1.5 1.06 1.06 .68
l{, 9.8 2.87 3.3 1.3 1.07 1.04 .68
H 85 2.48 2.9 1.2 1.07 1.01 .69
"); 7.2
5.8
2.09
1.69
2.5
2.0
.98
.79
1.08
1.09
.99
.97
.69
.69
.58
~
3<3 11.5 3.36 2.6 1.3 .88 .98
10.4 3.06 2.4 1.2 .89 .95 .58
9.' 2.75 2.2 1.1 .90 .93 .58
.91 .91 .58
'it"
8.3 2.43 2.0 .95
7.2 2. 11 1.8 .83 .91 .89 .58
6.1 1.78 1.5 .71 .92 .87 .59
); 4.9 1.44 1.2 .58 .93 .84 .59
.72 .74 .81 .49
2M X 2}1 b 7.7
6.8
2.25
2.00
1.2
1.1 .65 .75 .78 .49
,.J.
}J6
~ 5.9 1.73 .98 .57 .75 .76 .49
5.0 1.47 .85 .48 .76 .74 .49
4.1 1.19 .70 .39 .77 .72 .49
~L6 3.07 .90 .55 .30 .78 .69 .49
2,2 l i6 5.3 1.56 .54 .40 .59 .66 .39
-.
,
%
f.
3 ,~
4.7
3.92
3.19
2.44
1.36
1.15
.94
.71
.48
.42
.35
.27
.35
.30
.25
.19
.59
.60
.61
.62
.64
.61
.59
.57
.39
.39
.39
.39
Ii 1.65 .48 .19 .13 .63 .55 .40
1 ~{ X 1.!{ ~1 .51 .57 .34
it
);
3.99
3.39
2.77
1.17
1.00
.8 1
.27
.23
.26
.23
.19
.52
.53
.55
.53
.34
.34
.14 .54 .51 .34
'..,".
2,12 .62 .18
Ii 1.44 .42 .13 .10 .55 .48 .35
l.!1xlM .84 .44 .49 .29
'~"
2.86 .16 .16
2.34 .69 .14 .13 .45 .47 .29
1.80 .53 .11 .10 .46 .44 .29
1.23 .36 .08 .07 .47 .42 .30
lY.J'xly'( !.is 2.33 .68 .09 .11 .36 .42 .24
); 1.92 .56 .08 .09 .37 .40 .24
.38
'"
1.48 .43 .06 .07 .38 .24
Ii 1.01 .30 .04 .05 .38 .36 .25
.20
~
1 xl 1.49 .44 .04 .06 .29 .34
1.16 .34 .03 .04 .30 .32 .19
Ii .80 .23 .02 .03 .30 .30 .20
AME RI CA N IN S T I T UTE OF STEEL. C O N S TR UCTI ON

40
ROLL.ED S TEEL SEC T I ONS
ANGLES
~
I
L UNEQUAL LEGS
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
" I
, ~ .---"
. l
, ,,
,.,
' AX,S
-
AXIS V-V
,...
AX I . X . X
-
--
Thd<.
.
---
We'llhI
roo,
A'~

"""" .. 1 S , Y ' ~
,.. -'".- - --I--
, I . -,
- I .
-_. "
In ,I
---.
In ' In ' ~I~I~
In' In'
"6 l li
l lio ....
493 14.48
13.75
".9
".9
16.8
15.9
V I'
2."
2.70
2.68
42.5
40.7

9,4
1.71
I.n
1.70
1.68
1.28
1.28
1
...
)i
44.2
4 \.7
39.1
13.00
12.25
11.48
SO.8
76.6
72.3
15.1
14.3
13.4
2,019
2.50
2.51
2.65
2.63
2.61
38.8
36.9
34.9
8.9
8.4
7.9
1.73
1.73
1.74
1.65
1.63
1.61
1.28
1.28
1.28
'liO 36.5 10.72 67.9 12.6 2.52 2.59 32.8 7.4 1.75 1.59 1.28
)~ 33.8 '.94 63.4 11.7 2.53 2.56 30.7 6.9 1.76 1.56 1.29
H. 31.2 9.15
8.36
58.8
54.1
10.8
9.9
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.52
28.6
26.3
6,4
5.9
1.77
1.77
1.54
1.52
1.29
1.29
% 28.5
7.56 9.0 2.55 2.50 24.0 5.3 1.78 1.50 1.30
'"
25.7 49.3
- li
l1i
23.0
20.2
6.75
5.93
44.3
39.2
8.0
7.1
2.56
2.57
2. 47
2.45
21.7
19.3
4.8
4.2
1.79
I.SO
1.47
1.45
1.30
131
1 37.4 11.00 69.6 14 .1 2.52 3.05 11.6 3.9 1.00 1.05 .85
8"
% 35.3 10.37 66.1 13.3 2.52 3.02 11.1 3.7 1.03 1.02 .85
11 33.1 9.73 62.5 12.5 2.53 3.00 10.5 3.5 1.04 1.00 .85
9.09 58.7 2.54 2.98 10.0 3.3 1.05 .98 .85
'" 31.0
28.7 8. 54.9
11.7
10.9 2.55 2.95 9.4 3.1 1.05 .95 .85
%
'H." 26.5
24.2
7.78
7.11
6.43
51.0
46.9
42.8
10.1
9.2
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.93
2.91
8.7
8.1
7,4
2.9
2.6
2,4
1.06
1.07
1.07
.93
...
.91
.85
.86
.86
!io 21.9 '.4 2."
li 19.6 5.75 38.5 7.5 2.59 2.86 6.7 2.2 1.08 .86 .86
l1i 17.2 5.06 34.1 6.6 2.60 2.83 6.0 1.9 1.09 .83 B7
7>4 1 34.0 10.00 47.7 10.9 2.18 2.60 11.2 3.9 1.00 1.10 .85
u"
11
32.1
30.2
9. 43
8.86
45.4
42.9
10.3
9.7
2.19
2.20
2.58
2.55
10.7
10.2
3.7
3.5
1.07
1.07
1.08
1.05
.86
.86
'liO 28.2 8.28 40.4 9.0 2.21 2.53 9.6 3.2 1.08 1.03 .86
ji 26.2 7.69 37.8 8.. 2.22 2.51 9.1 3.0 1.09 1.01 .86
24.2 7.09 35.1 7.8 2.23 2.49 8.5 2.8 1.09 .99 .86
''10
% 22.1 6." 32,4 7.1 2.24 2.46 7.8 2.6 1.10 .96 .86
29.6 6.5 2.24 2.44 7.2 2.4 1.11 .94 .87
,.'"
20.0 5.87
li
l1i
17.9
15.8
13.6
5.25
4.62
3.98
26.7
23.7
20.6
5.8
5.1
4,4
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.42
2.39
2.37
6.5
5.'
5.1
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.11
1.12
1.13
.92
B9
B7
......
.87
AME;R1C"'N INS TITUTE; OF STE;I';L CONSTRUCTION

41
REGULAR SERIES
~ ANGLES
"I
x-
I
l\-r
UNEQUAL LEGS
PROPERTI ES OF SECTIONS
L
~ \
AXIS
AXIS v-V
TII.ek_ Wel!1hl Area . .....!.:.L
51,.
- roo.
Seel;"n I s y s ~,
~I ".
". f-----I--
Lb. h . ' In.' In.
1-1
In.' tn.' I... I...
6,. 30.6 9.00 30.8 8.0 1.85 2.17 10.8 3.8 1.09 1.17 .86
28.9 8.50 29.3 7.6 1.86 2.14 10.3 3.6 1.10 1.1'1 .86
27.2 7.98 27.7 7.2 1.86 2.12 9.8 3.4 1.11 1.12 .86
25.4 7.47 26.2 6.7 1.87 2.10 9.2 3.2 1.11 1.10 .86
23.6 6.94 24.5 6.3 1.88 2.08 8.7 3.0 1.12 1.08 .86
21.8 6.40 22.8 5.8 1.89 2.06 8.1 2.8 1.13 1.06 .86
20. '.86 21.1 5.3 1.90 2.03 7.5 2.5 1.13 1.03 .86
18.1 5.31 19.3 4.8 1.90 2.01 6.9 2.3 1.1 4 1.01 .87
16.2 4.75 17.4 4.3 1.91 1.99 6.3 2.1 1.15 ,99 .87
14.3 4.18 15.5 3.8 1.92 1.96 5.6 1.9 1.16 .96 .87
12.3 3.61 13.5 3.3 1.93 1.94 4.9 1.6 1.1 7 .94 .88
6 l! 3}i .,.4 6.56 23.3 6.1 1.89 2.18 5.' 2.3 .94 .93 .75
20.6 6.06 21.7 5.6 1.89 2.15 5.5 2.1 .95 .90 .75
.a9 '.55 20. 1 5.2 1.90 2. 13 5.' 1.9 .96 .88 .75
17.1 '.03 18.'4 4.7 1.91 2.11 ' .7 1.8 .96 .86 .75
15.3 ' .50 16.6 4.2 1.92 2.08 ' .3 1.6 .97 .83 .76
13.5 3.97 14.8 3.7 1.93 2.06 3.' 1.4 .98 .81 .76
11.7 3.42 12.9 3.3 1.94 2.04 3.3 1.2 .99 .79 .n
5 x 3>i 19.8 5.81 13.9 4.3 1.55 1.75 '.6 2.2 .98 1.00 .75
18.3
16.8
15.2
5.37
' .92
M7
13.0
12.0
11.0
4.0
3.7
3.3
1.56
1.56
1.57
1.72
1.70
1.68
.,
'.2
' .5
2.1
t.9
1.7
.98
.99
1.00
.97
.95
.93
.75
.75
.75
13.6
12.0
'.00
3.53
10.0
8.9
3.0
2.6
1.58
1.59
1.66
1.63

3.6
1.6
1.4
1.01
1.01
.91
.88
.75
.76
10.4 3.05 7.8 2.3 1.60 1.61 3.2 1.2 1.02 .86 .76
8.7 2.56 6.6 1,9 1.61 1.59 2.7 1.0 1.03 .84 .n
.,3 18.5 '.44 13.2 4.2 1.55 1.84 3.5 1.6 .80 .84 .64
17.1 5.03 12.3 3.9 1.56 1.82 3.3 1.5 .81 .82 .64
15.7 4.61 11.4 3.5 1.57 1.80 3.' 1.4 .81 .80 .64
14.3 4.18 10.4 3.2 1.58 I.n 2.' 1.3 .82 .n .65
12.8 3.75 9.5 2.9 1.59 1. 75 2.6 1.1 .83 .75 .65
11.3 3.31 8.4 2.6 1.60 1.73 2.3 1.0 .84 .73 .65
9.8
8.2
2.86
2.40
7.4
6.3
2.2
1.9
1.61
1.61
1.70
1.68 ..,
2 . .89
.75
.84
.85
.70
.68
.65
.66
AM~AIC"'N I N STITUTE: 01" STEEL CO N STRUCTION

42
ROI-LEO STEEL SECT I O N S
ANGLES
~
" I
L UNEQUAL LEGS
I
x- t~'-rx
.i
I
"'...
", I
- -'" _." AX,S X-X AXIS V_Y AX'.

_ . Z-Z
W'OOhl k. - -
SoU
, , , ,
- . I.
,~
In.-
I
In,'
S
In.' I. I.
.
I
- - -I ...-, - - -
S
I.' I . . .
.--
")( 3~ 17.3 2.2 1.01 1.09 .72
"
5.06 7.3 2.8 1.20 1.34 5.2
I!" 16.0 '.68 6.9 2.6 1.21 1.32 ' .9 2.0 1.02 1.07 .72
% 14.7 '.30 6.4 2.4 1.22 1.29 '.5 1.8 1.03 1.04 .72
.72
"
13.3 3.911 5.9 2.2 1.23 1.27 '.2 1.7 1.03 1.02
li 11.9 3.50 5.3 1.9 1.23 1.25 3.8 1.5 1.04 1.00 .72
l. 10.6 3.09 '.8 1.7 1.24 1.23 3.4 1.4 1.05 .98 .72
% 9.1 2.67 '.2 1.5 1.25 1.21 3.0 1.2 1.06 .96 .73
.93 .73
"
7.7 2.25 3.6 1.3 1.26 1.18 2.6 1.0 1.07
."
"
,, ~
16.0
14.8
'.69
'.34
6.'
6.5
2.7
2.5
1.22
1.22
1.42
1.39
3.3
3.1
1.6
1.5
...
.54
.92
.89
.64
.64
% 13.6 3.98 6.0 2.3 1.23 1.37 2.9 I.' .85 .87 .64
.,
}i
12.<1
11.1
3.62
3.25
5.6
5.1
2.1
1.9
1.2<
1.25
1.35
1.33
2.7
2.4
1.2
1.1 ...
.86 .85
.83
.64
.64
loO
%
9.8
8.5
2.87
2."
'.5
'.0
1.7
1.5
1.25
1.26
1.30
1.28
2.2
1.9
1.0
.87
.87
.88
.80
.78 ...
.64
""
7.2 2.09 3.' 1.2 1.27 1.26 1.7 .73 .89 .76 .65
5.8 1.69 2.8 1.0 1.28 1.24 I.' .60 .90 .74 .65
3~ X 3
"
'loO
%
14.7
13.6
12.5
4.31
'.00
3.67
' .7

' .1
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.21
1.19
1.17
3.2
3.0
2.8
1.5
1.4
1.3
..
.85
.87
.96
.94
.92
.62
.62
.62
'.li II."
10.2
3.34
3.00
3.8
3.5
1.6
1.5
1.07
1.07
1.15
1.13
2.6
2.3
1.2
1.1
.87
.88
.90
.88
.62
.62
.62
.."
l.ie 9.1 2.65 3.1 1.3 1.08 1. 10 2.1 .98 .89 .85
7.9 2.30 2.7 1.1 1.09 1.08 1.9 .85 .90 .83 .62
6.6 1.93 2.3 .95 1.1 0 1.06 1.6 .72 .90 .81 .63
.91 .79 .63
"
5.4 1.56 1.9 .78 1.11 1.04 1.3 .59
3J,ix2J,i }i 9.4 2.75 3.2 1.4 1.09 1.20 I.. .76 .70 .70 .53
loO 2. 43 1.2 .68 .71 .68 .54
."
8.3 2.9 1.3 1.09 1.18
7.2
6.1
2.11
1.78
2.'
2.2
1.1
.93
.75
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.16
1.14
1.11
1.1
.94
.78
.59
.50
.41
.72
.73
.74
...
.66
.61
.54
.54
.54
" '.9 1.44 1.8
,
A M EFlICA N I N STITU T E 0 .. S T II;EL C ON S TR UCT ION
43
REGULAR SER IE S
rl' ANGLES
" I
I
X- j\'- r
j ,
UNEQUAL LEGS
L
- x-x
AXI. AX I .
AXI. V.V
W.,gl" . .2:L
S"'. Th ......
roc. s , s , ,
In. ... In.' In.' I~
I--f------
I", I... I.... I.... I", .'" I",
3x2.!Aj }1 '.5 '.50 2.1 1.0 .91 1.00 1.3 .74 .72 .75 .52
7.6 2.21
'"
1.9 .93 .92 .98 1.2 .66 .73 .73 .52
li 6.' 1.92 1.7 .81 .93 .96 1.0 .58 .74 .7l .52
I" 5.6 1.62 1.4 .69 .94 .93 .90 ..49 .74 .68 .53
'. 4.5 1.31 1.' .56 .95 .91 .74 .40 .75 .66 .53
3" 7.7
6.8
2.25
2.00
1.9
1.7
1.0
.89
.92
.93
1.08
1.06
.67
.61
.47
.42
.55
.55
.58
.56
.43
.43
5.9 1.73 1.5 .78 .94 1.04 .54 .37 .56 .54 .43
5.0
4.1
1.47
1.19
1.3
1.1
.66
.54
.95
.95
1.02
.99
.47
.39 .,.
.32 .57
.57
.52
.49
.43
.43
)i 6.8 2.00 1.1 .70 .75 .88 .64 .46 .56 .63
.........
..',".
6.1 1.78 1.0 .62 .76 .85 .58 .4l .57 .60
" 5.3
4.5
3.62
1.55
1.31
IJ16
.91
.79
.65
.55
.'47
.38
.n
.78
.78
.83
.81
.79
.51
.45
.37
.36
.31
.25
.58
.58
.59
.58
.56 ...
.42
... 2.75 .81 .51 .29 .79 .76 .29 .20 .60
.54
.51 .43
..'.
I. 3.92 1.15 .71 .44 .79 .90 .19 .17 .4l .4{) .32
3.19 .94 .59 .36 .79 .88 .16 .l4 .4l .38 .32
2.44 1 .72 .46 .28 .80 .85 .\3 .11 .42 .35 .33
2 x lj.i li 3.99 1.17 .43 .34 .61 .71 .21 20 .,.,

.
.
.46 .J>
3.39 1.00 .38 .29 .52 .69 .16 .17 .44 .32
'"'.
'.
li
2.77
2.12
1. ....
.81
.62
."
.32
.25
.17
.24
.18
.13
.62
.63
.64
.66
.64
.62
.15
.12
.09
.14
. 11
.08
.43
.....
.45
.41
.39
.37
.32
.32
.33
Ji 2.34 .69 .20 .18 .54 .60 09 .10 .35 .35 .27
'.'1 1.80
1.23
.53
36
.16
.11
.14
.09
.55
.56
.58
.56
.07
.05
.08
.05
.36
.37
.33
.31
.27
.27
AMERICAN IN STI TUT E OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

44
STRUCTURAL TEES
Stmctural Tees 3rc obta ined by splitting the webs of various beams, generally
with the aid of rotary shears. and then restraightening to established tolerances.
The following pages show the dimensions and properties of Tee Sections tha t
result from the spliuing of beams. QertlW1 !ibll!!t ~he"':l with (loll SSM Isk ( ). such as-
WI' 18 '{[Ii' ~- rOW:; 8/ cauu opClJdOl'9 ill sliaightLni::b: ftn .. hkh !'lICit is ail e)lka
ilIu be HeF W'd arum? pnl' o'bar 8" as tlilL IIIlgHt."",.,..
The following tolerances, over or under. apply to the depth of the Tee (which is
approximately ~ of the beam depth).
For Tees 3" to 7~" (inclusive) in Depth ~"

7~" to 10" U"
IOU" to 12!-i" ~'"
over 12!1" !-i"
The above tolerances for depth of Tees indude the allowable tolerances in depth
(or the beams before splitting. Other tolerances both for dimensions ~z straightness.
as set up for the beams from which the Tees are cut (see pages and . will apply.
For the sake of economy, the5e Split Beam T ee$ should order in pairs.
Detail dimensions and the like will be the same as t of the ~ms
from which
the Tees are split. Hence the dimensioned beam drawl gs, beam property tables.
and detailing dimension tables may be used so far as they ay be ap icable to Tees.
70
7(
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

45
REGULAR S ERIE S
Y STRUCTURAL TEES
x~ ! ~.lx
I
y
CUT FROM

we SECTIONS
T
I Ate" ", I Flo"ll'l 1 Stem "XIS X.X
,
AXIS y.y
,
WeiDht Depth
Section root ~lOn TN Width
Average ThIck
Thi(:k_ 08 .. I S , I S ,
Number
-c..- In.'
~-----~
'0. '0.
MO
-'0-
. -'0-
. --,-- -In.'
- I n,'
--
. --
'0. -'0-
- - --
- - -'0-
In.'
' -'0-
.
-- ~ ~
~---
150 44.09 18.36 16.655 1.680 .945 1222.7 85.9 5.27 4.13 612.6 73.6 3.73
140 41.16 18.25 16.595 1.570 ~885 1133.3 79.9 5.25 4.07 563.7 67.9 3.70
130 38.28 18.12 16.555 1.440 .845 1059.2 75.4 5.26 4.07 510.3 61.6 3.65
ST 18 \/oF 125 36.74 18.06 16.525 1.380 .815 1014.6 72.4 5.25 '.04 484.8 58.7 3.63
120 35.30 18.00 16.500 1.320 ~790 975.0 69.8 5.26 4.03 460.0 55.' 3.61
115 33.86 17.94 16.475 1.260 .765 935.8 67.2 5.26 4.02 435.5 52.9 3.59
97 28.56 18.24 12.117 1.260 .770 904.0 67.3 5.63 4.81 In.? 29.3 2.49
0 91 26.77 18.16 12.072 1.160 .725 844.0 63.0 5.61 '.77 163.9 27.1 2.47
ST laW 85 24.99 18.08 12.027 1.100 .680 784.7 58.' 5.60 4.74 150.3 25.0 2.45
12.000 1.020 741.0 56.0 5.61 4.76 137.7 22.9 2.42
~
23.54 18.00 .653
22.08 17.92 11.972 .940 .625 696.7 53.0 5.62 '.79 125.2 20.9 2.38
120 35.26 16.75 15.865 1.400 .830 822.5 63.2 '.83 3.73 437.2 55.1 3.52
110 32.36 16.63 15.810 1.275 .775 7M.l 58.' '.83 3.71 391.2 49.5 3.48
ST 16 \IF 30.89 16.56 15.783 1.210 .748 720.3 56.0 4.83 3.70 367.8 46.6 3.45
105
100 29.40 16.50 15.750 1.150 .715 683.6 53.3 4.82 3.67 345.8 43.9 3.43
~ 76 22.35 16.75 11.565 1.055 .635 591.9 47.4 5.15 '.26 128.1 22.1 2.39
5.16 4.30 114.9 19.9 2.35
~:0.5
20.76 16.66 11.535 .960 .603 551.8 44.7
ST 16 \IF 66.0 19.42 16.58 11.510 .860 .580 518.5 42.4 5.17 4.33 103.9 18.1 2.31
62.5 18.39 16.50 11.500 .808 .570 495.7 41.0 5.19 4.42 94.1 16.4 2.26
105 30.89 15.19 15.105 '.315 .775 578.0 48.7 4.33 3.31 3M.0 46.9 3.38
100 29.38 15.13 15.070 1.250 .740 M5.2 46.0 4.31 3.28 332.8 44.2 3.37
ST 15 \/IF 95 27.95 15.06 15.040 1.185 .710 520.4 44.1 4.31 3.26 312.3 41.5 3.34
90 26.45 15.00 15.000 1.125 .670 488.641.4 '.30 3.21 292.' 39.0 3.33
86 25.32 14.94 14.985 1.065 .655 47 1.0 40.2 4.31 3.23 275.1 36.7 3.30
~ 66 19.41 15.15 10.551 1.000

10.521
.615 420.7
394.8
37.4 '.66 3.90
35.3 4.65 3.90
92.5
84.8
17.5
16.1
2.18
2.16
~:2
18.22 15.08 .930 .585
ST15W 58.0 17.07 15.00 10.500 .850 .564 371.8 33.6 4.67 3.94 76.6 14.6 2.12
54.0 15.88 14.91 10.484 .760 .548 349.5 32.1 4.69 '.03 67.6 12.9 2.06
885 26.05 13.655 14.090 1.190 .725 391.8 36.7 3.88 2.97 259.4 36.8 3.16
81.5 23.96 13.56 14.035 1.095 .670 358.7 33.7 3.87 2.92 234.4 33.4 3.13
ST 13 \/IF 77 22.65 13.50 14.000 1.035 .635 337.4 31.8 3.86 2.89 218.8 31.3 3.11
72.5 21.34 13.44 13.965 .975 .600 316.3 29.9 3.85 2.85 203.5 29.1 3.09
57 16.77 13.64 10.070 .932 .570 288.9 28.3 4.15 3.42 74.8 14.9 2.11
ST13 j ~~.O
15.59
14.41
13.57
13.50
10.035
10.000
.862
.792
.535
.500
267.9
247.2
26.3
24.4
4.14
4.14
3.40
3.38
68.1
61.5
13.6
12.3
2.09
2.07
45.5 13.38 13.42 9.983 .712 .483 231.9 23.2 4.16 3.44 54.S 10.9 2.02
Su pa~e 10 for method of designation.

AMERICAN I N ST I TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

46
ROLLED STEEL SECT I ONS
STRUCTURAL TEES
x-- -i -' l x
T CUT FROM II>F SECTI O NS
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING !

y
-
,,,.
-, ""'
-,
Fl.""" AX,S X-X
I AXIS V-V
TN"
Weight Stem
Section /:, SectPOn Width
A_age Thlck_
TII,ek neu I S , Y I S ,
'""""' - - -_.
'".
~.
-_. .
'" -'".- -'".- -In.'- -'"-
. '". ~I~ '".
In.'
- "80 In.'
-- -- -
23.~ 12.36
._--
14.091 1.135 .656 271.6 27.6 3.40 2.51 246.3 '35.0 3.23
75 22.07 12.28 14.063 1.055 .628 255.6 26.1 3.40 2.50 226.2:32.2 3.20
ST 12 V'F 70 20.60 12.21 14.029 .980 .594 238.4 24.5 3.40 2.48 207.329.5 3.17
65 19.13 12.13 14.000 .900 .665 222.6 23.1 3.41 2.47 187.6 26.8 3.13
1
60 17.64 12.155 12.088 .930 .556 213.6 22.4 3.48 2.62 127.021.0 2.68
ST 12VFf~ 16.18 12.08 12.042
14.71 12.00 12.000
.655
.775
.510
.468
195.2 20.5
176.7 lB.7
3.47 2.57 "'14.5119.0
3.46 2.54 101.8,7.0
2.66
2.63
ST 12 \IF 0 47
40.0
13.81 12.145
43 5 12.7912.08
. 11.77 12.00
37.0 10.88 11.94
9.061
9.025
9.000
8.975
.872
.807
.727
.662
.516
.480
.455
.430
185.9
171.3
158.4
147.0
20.3
18.8
17.6
16.4
3.67
3.66
3.67
3.67
2.99
2.96
2.98
2.99
51.1 11.3
46.5 10.3
41.2 9.2
36.9 8.2
1.92
1.91
1.87
1.84
71 20.89 10.73 13. 132 1.095 .659 177.3 20.8 2.91 2.18 193.0 129.4 3.04
66 19.43 10.655 13.087 1.020 .614 161.9 19.0 2.89 2.14 176.9 27.0 3.02
ST 10 '/oF 149.1 17.6 1
161.0:24.7 3.00
61 17.95 10.58 13.040 .945 .567 2.88 2.09
56 16.48 10.50 13.000 .865 .527 136.4 16.2 2.88 2.06 144.822.3 2.96
51.5 15.14 10.645 9.071 1.010 .608 147.5 18.3 3.12 2.57 50. 13.2 1.99
48 14. 11 10.57 9.038 .935 .575 137.1 17.1 3. " 2.55 54.7 12.1 1.97
ST10W 44.5 13.07 10.50 .537 126.4 15.8 3.11 49.7 11.0 1.95
9.000 .865 2.51
41 12.05 10.43 8.962 .795 .499 115.4 14.5 3.09 2.48 44.8 10.0 1.93
~
~f'
10.73 10.62 8.295 .740 .455 110.2 13.7 3.21 2.60 33.1 7.98 1.76
10.01 10.57 8.270 .685 .430 102.8 12.9 3.20 2.59 30.2 7.30 1.74
ST10W 31.5 .410 95.7 12.1 3.21 26.9 6.52 1.70
9.26 10.50 8.250 .620 2.61
29.5 8.68 10.46 8.230 .575 .390 89.8 11.5 3.22 2.61 24.6 5.98 1.68
62 18.24 9.32 11.889 1.071 .651 113.7 15.4 2.50 1.91 140.9,23.7 2.78
57 16.77 9.24 11.833 .991 .595 102.6 13.9 2.47 1.85 127.821.6 2.76
ST 9W' 52.5 15.45 9.16 11.792 .911 .554 93.9 12.8 2.47 1.82 115.5 19.6 2.73
48 14.13 9.08 11.750 .831 .512 65.3 11.7 2.46 1.78 103.4 17.6 2.71
42.5 12.49 9.16 8.838 .911 .526 84.4 11.9 2.60 2.05 49.7 11.3 2.00
38.5 11.32 9.08 8.787 .831 .475 75.3 10.6 2.58 1.99 44.3 10.1 1.98
ST 9 W'
35 10.28 9.00 8.750 .751 .438 68.1 9.67 2.57 1.96 39.2 8.97 1.95
32 9.40 8.935 8.715 .686 .403 61.8 8.82 2.56 1.93 35.2 8,07 1.93
27.5 8.09 9.06 7.532 .630 .390 59.6 8.63 2.71 2.16 21.0 5.57 1.61
ST 9W' 25 7.35 9.00 7.500 .570 .358 53.9 7.85 2.71 2.14 18.6 4.96 1.59
23.5 6.91 8.95 7.492 .520 .350 51.3 7.57 2.72 2.18 16.8 4.48 1.56
57 16.77 8.32 11.629 1.035 .631 78.9 11.9 2.17 1.66 127.3 21.9 2.76
ST
~
wi 52.5 15.45
48 '4 ,3
.
44 1 12.95
8.24
8.16
8.08
page 10 for method of desiKnation

11.582 .955 / .584 71.8 10.8
11.533 .875 .535 ! 64.7 9.82
11.502 .795 .504 59.5 9.11
2.16
2.14
2.14
1
1.62 115.419.9
1.57103.618.0
1.55 . 92.61'6. 1
2.73
2.71
2.67
AM E R ICA N IN S T ITU T E OF S T EEl. CON ST R UCT ION

47
REGULAR SERIES
I
ST R UCTURAL TEES
'-- ! -------'.1,
x- t _ . x
i
Y
CUT FROM W
PROPERTI ES FOR DESIGN I NG

SECTIONS
T
SeetiGn
We ight
~
Are.
0<
I Dept h
.,
"- Sie m
A,v"""IIG Thick_
AXIS x-x
, , I S ,
"X,S y_y
Number
.
'00' Sect,on Too Width Thick_
"'u
MM I S
.. --
. ". In.'
'". '" '". '". In.' tn.'
'". '". . - -"II"
".
In.'
'".
- - --
39 11.46 8.16 8.586 .875 .529 60.0 9.45 2.28 1.81 43.8 10.2 1.95
35.5 10.43 8.08 8..543 .795 .486 54.0 8.57 2.28 1.77 38.9 9.11 1.93
ST 'W' 32 9.4{I .715 .443 48.3 7.71 2.27 1.73 34.2 '.05 1.91
'.00 '.500
29 8.52 7.93 8.464 .645 .4{l7 43.6 7.00 2.26 1.70 30.2 7.14 1.88
25 7.35 8.125 7.073 .628 .380 42.2 6.7712.40 1.89 17.4 4.92 1.54
22.5 6.62 '.06 7.039 .563 .346 37.8 6.10 2.39 1.87 15.2 4.33 1.52
ST 'W' 1
20 5.88 '.00 7.000 .S03 .307 33.2 5.37 2.37 1.82 13.3 3.79 1.SO
18 5.30 7.93 6.992 .428 .299 30.7 5.10 2.41 1.90 11.1 3.17 1.45
105.5 31.04 7.875 15.800 1.563 .980 102.2 16.2 1.81 1.57 514.3 85.1 4.07
101 29.70 7.815 15.750 1.503 .930 95.7 15.2 1.80 1.53 489.862.2 4.06
965 28.36 7.75 15.710 1.438 .90 90.1 14.4 1.78 1.49 465. 1 59.2 4.05
1
92 27.04 7.69 15.660 1.378 .840 83.9 13.4 1.76 1.45 441.4 56.4 4.04
ST7I/!F 88 1
25.87 7.625 15.640 1.313 .820 80.2 12.9 1.76 1.42 418.953.6 4.02
83.5 24.55 7.58 15.600 1.248 .7" 75.0 12.1 1.75 1.39 395.1 50.7 4.01
79 23.24 7.SO 15.550 \.188 .730 69.3 11.3 1.73 1.34 372.547.9 4.00
75 22.04 7.44 15.515 1.128 .695 64.9 10.6 1.72 1.31 351.3 45.3 3.99
71 20.92 7.375 15.500 1.063 .880 62.1 10.2 1.72 1.29 330.1 42.6 3.97
1
68 19.99 7.375 14.740 1.063 .660 60.0 9.89 1.73 1.31 283Y8.5 3.77
63.5 18.67 7.31 14.690 .99' .610 54.7 9.04 1. 71 1.2<; 263.8 35.9 3.76
1
59.5 17.49 7.25 14.650 .938 .570 SO.4 8.36 1.70 1.22 245.9,33.6 3.75
ST7V'F 55.5 16.33 7.185 14.620 .873 .540 46.7 7.80 1.69 1.19 227.4 31.1 3.73
51.5 15.13 7.125 14.575 .813 .495 42.4 7.10 1.67 1.15 209.9 28.8 3.72
47.5 13.97 7.06 14 ..545 .748 1.12 1 3.7 1
.465 39.1 6.58 1.67 191.926.4
43.5 12.78 7.00 14.5 .688 .420 34.9 5.88 1.65 1.08 174.824.1 3.70
ST7V'F 42 12.36 7.09 12.023 .nB .451 37.4 6.36 1.74 1.21 112.71,8.8 3.02
39 11.47 7.03 12.000 .718 .428 34.8 5.96 1.74 1.19 103.5117 .2 3.00
37 10.88 7.095 10.072 .783 .4SO 36.1 6.2<; 1.82 1.32 66.713.3 2.48
ST7W 34 10.00 7.03 10.040 .718 .418 33.0 5.74 1.81 1.29 60.612.1 2.46
30.5 8.97 6.955 10.000 .643 .378 29.2 5.13 I."1.25
53To.7
2.45
29 '.53 7.03 8.098 .718 .406 30.' 5.49 1.90 1.42 31.8 7.85 1.93
2<;.5 7.79 6.97 8.062 .658 .370 4.95 1.88 1.38 28.8 7.14 1.92
ST 7W 27.7 1
24 7.06 6.905 8.031 .593 .339 24.9 4.49 1.88 1.35 25.6 6.38 1.91
21.5 6.32 6.84 '.000 .528 .308 2202 4.02 1.87 1.33 22.6 5.64 1.89
1
$e(, page 10 for method of d""ign.~lion.
AMERIC A.N INSTITUTE 0'" STEEl. C O N STRU C TI O N

48
ROLLED STEEL SECTIO N S
STRUCTURAL TEES '----

,--'1.
T CUT FROM IN' SECTIONS

x- ---
~y
Sectio"
Weight
~t
"-,. Oej}lh
01 I Flange
,- Stem
A_ago Thick_
n_
AXIS x-x
,
/lXIS Y-V
IS ,
..
Section T... Width Thick_ 1 S 1
Number Y
-- - - - --- -- - - - - - -I --
CO.
- - - -- In.'
-- ---
In. In.
- -- - - -" -
. --
-I
In. In. I... " In.' In.' In.'
".
._-
21 6.17 7.12 6.801 .573 .338 25.9 4.67 2.05 1.57 14.0 4.13 1.51
19 5.59 7.06 6.776 .513 .313 23.5 4.27 2.05 1.56 12.3 3.64 1.49
ST 7 \/IF 17 5.00 7.00 6.750 .453 .287 21.1 3.86 2.05 1.55 10.6 3.15 1.46
" 4.41 6.93 6.733 .383 .270
-
19.0 3.55 2.08 1.59 8.77 2.61 1.41
80.5 23.69 6.94 12.515 1.486 .905 62.6 11.5 1.63 1.47 243.1 38.9 3.'"
73.5 21.62 6.81 12.450 1.356 .840 55.7 10.3 1.61 1.41 218.4 35.1 3.18
66.5 19.56 6.69 12.365 1.236 .755 48.4 9.03 1.57 1.33 195.031.5 3.16
60 17.65 6.56 12.320 1.106 .710 4 3.4 8.22 1.57 1.28 172.528.0 3.13
ST 61/1F
53
49.5
15.59
14.54
6.44
6.375
12.230
12.190
.966
.92'
.6'"
.580
36.7
33.7
7.01
6.46
1.53
I.'"
1.52 1.16
150.424.6 3.11
139.122.8 3.09
46 13.53 6.31 12.155 .656 .545 31.0 5.98 1.51 1.13 128.221.1 3.08
42.5 12.49 6.25 12.105 .796 .495 27.8 5.38 1.49 1.08 117.7 19.5 3.07
1
39.5 11.61 6.19 12.080 .736 .470 25.8 5.02 1.48 1.06 108.217.9 3.05
36 10.58 6.125 12.040 .671 .430 23.1 453 1.48 1.02 97.616.2 1 3.04
32.5 9.55 6.06 12.000 .606 .390 "'.6 4.06 1.47 .98 87.3 '4.6 3.02
32 9.42 6.155 10.060 .701 .405 21.7 4.28 1.52 1.08 1

59.511.8 2.51
ST6W 29 8.53 6.095 10.014 .641 .359 19.0 3.75 1.49 1.03 53.710.7 2.51
26.5 7.80 6.03 10.000 .576 .345 17.7 3.54 1.51 1.02 48.0 9.60 2.48
1
25 7.36 6.095 8.077 .641 .371 18.7 3.80 1.60 1.17 28.2 6.98 1.96
ST6W 22.5 6.62 6.03 8.042 .576 .336 '6.6 3.40 1.59 1.13 25.0 6.'" 1.94
20 5.89 5.97 8.000 .516 .294 14.4 2.94 1.56 1.08 22.0 5.50 1.94
1
18 5.29 6.12 6.565 .54. .306 15.3 3. 14 1.70 1.26 11.9 3.62 1.50
16 4.71 6.06 6.533 .480 .273 13.4 2.77 1.69 1.22 10.3 3.15 '.48
ST6W
14 4.1 2 6.00 6.500 .420 .240 '1.6 2.4' 1.68 1.'9 8.76 2.70 1.46
12.5 3.69 5.935 6.500 .355 .240 '1.0 2.35 1.72 1.26 7.27 2.24 1.40
11.00 3.24 6.16 4.030 .424 .260 11.7 2.58 1.90 1.63 2.27 1.13 .84
ST6W 9.5 2.81 6.08 4.010 .349 .240 10.2 2.32 1.9' 1.67 1.84 .92 .81
8.25 2.43 6.00 4.000 .269 .230 9.02 2.13 1.93 1.76 '.39 .7. .76
ST6W 7.00 2.07 5.96 3.970 .224 .200 7.66 1.83 1.92 1.76 1. 13 .57 .74
1 1
See page 10 for melhod of t!eaij(n~tion.
At04ERICAN I N STITU T E 0 .. STEEL CONS T RUCT I O N
49
REGULAR SERI ES
'--- STRUCTURAL TEES

'.-'1.
x~---
i
y
CUT FROM W

SECTIONS
T
.. I v-v
-
Flange "XIS x-x ... >lIS
" 000"
Weiuht
...."' - r.;, Sect"", -, I Sl1Im

, , I S ,
Numl)fl,
". - -
TN
--~-~~-
In.' In.
Width
.~~-
In.
.'"".
A_.oe
Thj~~_
~-
Thick_
~-
~-
".
~-
~-
I
In.'
.~
S
- - -- - - --
-- -".- -".- - - -~- -'"-In.'
68
62
2O.Q1
18.23
5.94 10.575 1.498
10.505 1.368
.915
.... 5
38.2 8.33 "38
1.36 147.9 28.0
1
1.36 "29 132.4 25.2
2.72
2.69
5.81 33.5 7.41
56 16.46 5.69 10.415 1.248 .755 28.8 6.42 1.32 1.21 117.7122.6 2.67
50 14.72 5.56 10.345 1.118 .685 24.8 5.62 "30 1.14 103.320.0 2.65
44.5 13.09 5.44 10.275 .998 .615 21.3 4.88 1.28 1.07 90.317.6 2.63
ST5W 38.5 11.33
36 10.59
5.31
5.25
10.195 .868
10.170 .608
.535
.510
17.7 4.10 1.25 "00
16.4 3.83 1.24
5,
.97 70.913.9
. 76T 2.60
2.59
33 9.70 5.19 10.117 .748 .457 14.5 3.39 1.2'2 .92 64.612.8 2.56
30 8.83 5.125 10.075 .683 .415 12.8 3.02 1.21 .88 58.211.6 2.57
27 7.94 5.06 10.028 .61 8 .368 11.2 2." 1.18 .84 51.9510.4 2.56
24.5 7.20 5.00 10.000 .556 .340 10.1 2.40 US .81 46.5 9.30 2. 54
ST 5 w:
22.5
20.5
6.62
6.03
5.06
5.00
8.022
8.000
.618
.558
.350
.328
10.3
9.38
2,48 1.25
2.28 1.25 ...
.91 26.6
23.8
6.63
5.95
2.00
1.99
18.5
16.5
5.44
4.85
4.94
4.875
7.978
7.'"
,498
,433 .,.,
.306 8,49
7.80
2.09 1.25
1.95 1.27
.87 21.1
.88 18.2
529
4.58
1.97
1.94
14.5 4.27 5.11 5.799 .500 .289 8.38 2.07 1,40 1.05 7.61 2.62 1.34
13 3.82 5.06 5.769 ,450 .259 7.40 1.83 1.39 1.02 6.68 2.32 1.32
ST 5 \/IF
11.5
10.5
3.38
3. 10
5.00
4.95
5.750
5.750
.390
.340 .240
.240 I 6.62
6.31
1.66
1.62
1.4<l
1.43
1.02
1.06
5.66
4.87
1.97
1.69
1.29
1.25
33.5 9.85 4.50 8.287 .933 .575 10.94 3.07 1.05 94 44.3 10.7 2.12
29 8.53 4.375 8.222 .808 .510 9.11 2.60 1.03 .87 37.5 9.10 2.10
24 7.06 4.25 8.1 17 .683 ,405 6." 2.00 .99 .78 30.45 7.50 2.08
ST 4 \/IF 20 5.88 4.125 8.077 .558 .365 5.80 1.71 .99 .74 24.5 6.05 2.04
17.5 5.15 4.06 8.027 .493 .315 4.88 1.45 .97 .69 21.25 5.30 2.03
16.5 4.85 4.03 8.012 ,463 .300 4.56 1.36 .97 .68 19.85 4.95 2.02
15.5 4.56 4.00 8.000 .433 .288 4.31 1.30 .97 .67 18.5 4.60 2.01
13.5 3.97 4.015 6.528 .448 .273 4.03 1.22 1.01 .72 10.4 3.18 1.62
ST 4 \/IF
12 3.53 3.965 6.500 .398 .245
3. 53 11.08
1.00 .70 9.,0 2.80 1.61
1 1
10.5 3.09 4.095 5.272 .403 .252 3.80 1.16 1.11 .82 4.56 1.73 1.22
ST 4 \/IF 9.5 2.79 4.045 5.264 353 .244 3.53 1.10 .83 3.93 1.49 1.19
8.5 2.50 4.00 5.250 .308 .230
1.12 1
3.21 1.01 1.13 .... 3.36 1.28 1.16
See p.~Ke 10 for roolOOd of d.,.igMlion.

AMER IC AN INSTITUTE 01" STEEL CONSTR UCT I ON
50
ROLL-EO STEEL SECT I O N S
STRUCTURAL TEES T
x '--- ! r-:J x
T CUT FROM STANDARD BEAM
SECTIONS

I
.}
-
". "-",,,,,. ",:0;,. x-x
,
~ '.Y.y
- -.
,
,.-
Stem
r.:. "' ""'"
W";ght
,.,... ,- A_IIIjI' Thic:k_
I S , I S ,
..""'""
W idth
-,.- 1--;:- - - - - - - ". ". .

--- ". . _-
In,'
". 1-,
--- - - . - - -
In.'
- --
Ln.'
.
..' In.'
".
27.5 8.09 6.00 5.600 .660 .810 28.3 6.98 1.87 1.95 8.52 3.04 1.03
25 7.35 6.00 5.477 .660 .687 25.2 6.05 1.85 1.84 7.85 2.87 1.03
ST 6 t
'22.5 6.62 6.00 5.355 .660 .565 21.9 5.1 0 1.82 1.71 7.25 2.71 1.05
20.4 5.99 6.00 5.250 .660 .460 18.8 4.20 \.77 1.57 6.77 2.58 1.06
17.5 5.\4 6.00 5.078 .544 .428 17.2 3.95 1.83 1.65 4.93 1.94 .98
ST 6 1
15.9 4 .67 6.00 5.000 .544 .350 14.9 3.31 1.78 1.51 4.68 1.87 1.00
20 5." 5.00 5.091 .'491 .741 14.6 4.39 1.58 1.67 4.67 1.83 .89
17.5 5.15 5.00 4.94<4 .491 .594 12.5 3.63 1.56 1.56 4.18 1.69 .90
ST 51
15 4 ..41 5.00 4.797 .491 .447 10.2 2.84 1.52 1.40 3.75 1.56 .92
12.7 3.73 5.00 4.660 .491 .310 7.81 2.05 L45 1.20 3.39 I."" .95
12.75 3.75 4.00 4.262 .425 .532 5.75 2.08 1.24 1.24 2.33 1.09 .79
11.5 3.38 4.00 4.171 .425 .441 5.03 1.77 1.22 1.15 2.15 1.03 .80
ST4 I 10.25 4.00 4.079 .425 4.24 1.44 1.19 1.05 1.99 .98 .81
3.01 .34'
'.2 2.70 4.00 4.000 .425 .270 3.50 1.14 1.14 .S< 1.86 .93 .83
'0 2.94 3.50 3.860 .392 .450 3.36 1.36 1.07 1.04 1.58 .82 .73
ST 3.51 8.75 2.57 3.50 3.755 .392 .345 2.77 1.08 1.04 .93 1.44 .77 .75
7." 2.24 3.50 3.660 .392 .250 2.18 .81 .99 .81 1.32 .n .77
8.625 2.53 3.00 3.565 .359 .465 2.13 1.02 .92 .91 1.15 .65 .67
ST 3 1 7.375 2.17 3.00 3.443 .359 .343 1.71 .78 .89 .82 ,,02 .59 .6'
6.25 1.83 3.00 3.330 .359 .230 1.27 .55 .83 .69 .93 .56 .71
I
I
I
5ft! pq~ 10 'or _ lhod of ~Iion
A M ERICAN IN S TITUTE OF STEEl.. CONSTRUCTION
51
RE GUL.AR SER I ES
1 STRUCTURAL TEES
;---- r--'] x CUT FROM MISCELLANEOUS
I:
BEAMS

T
y
Section
Waight
1:1 ..
A.u
.,
D...~
Flange
A_age
Thick_
I Stem
Thic~-
nen
... XIS x-x AX,S v-v
,
'"-
Section
'" Width I y I S
- u;:- ~I-'"-.- - - - In. ,
"~
'". ,
--.
'". , In.' .:.+.:. '".
._- - - - -
In.' In,'
'".
MISCE LLANEOUS
ST 5 B
9.5
8.5
2.60
2.49
5.,3 14.020 .394
5.06 4.010 I .329
.2SO
.240
6.70
6.07
1.74 1.55 1.28 2.09 1.04
1.62 1.56 1.32 1.73 .86
.86
.83
7.5 2.20 5.00 4.000 .269 .23{) 5.46 l.SO 1.57 1.37 1.39 .70 .60
ST 5 B 5.75 1.69 4.94 3.950 .204 .160 4.15 1.16 1.57 1.35 1.00 .51 .77
7.SO 2.22 4.06 4.015 .314 .245 3.29 1.07 1.22 1.00 1.65 .82 .86
8T 4 B
6.SO 1.91 4.00 4.000 .254 .23{) 2.90 .98 1.23 1.03 1.31 .66 .83
ST 4 B 5.00 1.48 3.95 3.940 .204 .170 2.15 .72 1.21 .96 1.00 .51 .82
ST 3.5 M 6.00 1.76 3.SO 3.500 .323 .188 1.71 .62 .99 .76 1.05 .62 .7'
8.00 2.36 3.13 4.030 .404 .260 1.66 .68 .84 .67 2.16 1.07 .96
ST 3 B
6.00 1.77 3.00 4.000 .279 .23{) 1.30 .56 86 .67 1.44 .72 .90
ST 3 M 5.00 1.47 3.00 3.000 .310 .188 1.05 .45 .85 .68 .66 .44 .67
ST 3 B 4.25 1.25 2.92 t 3.940 . .194 .170 .90 .40 .85 .64 .94 .48 .87
,
J & L
,
ST 6 M 5.86 1.72 6.01 4 3.06 .225 .175 6.59 1.60 1.96 1.88 .49 .32 .53
ST 5.5 M 5.10 l.SO 5.512 2.84 .214 .165 4.81 1.27 1.79 1.72 .37 .26 .SO
ST 5 M 4.47 1.32 5.013 2.69 .206 .155 3." .99 1.62 1.53 .30 .23 .48
ST 4.5 M 3.74 1. 10 4.509 2.38 .193 .145 2.34 .75 1.46 1.38 .20 .17 .42
ST4 M 3.26 .96 4.014 2.28 .189 .135 1.59 .56 1.29 1.18 .17 .15 .42
ST3.5 M 2.74 .60 3.514 2.08 .'60 .126 1.01 AO 1.12 1.01 .12 .12 .3'
ST 3 M 2.20 .65 3.014 1.84 .171 .114 .58 .27 .'5 .84 .082 .08' .36
~ 1"'''' 10 fO<" method of dCfliKn.~tion.
AM ERICA N 'N S TITUTE OF STEEL CON S TRUCTI O N

52
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

S3
SPECIAL SERIES SECTIONS
Under the grouping "Special" Sections are shown sizes and

sections [or which there is a nuctuating demand and, therefore,
are rol1ed at irregular intervals, and then only by special arrange-
ment. Consequently the use of "Special" Sections should
generally be avoided, unless the quantity of anyone size is
sufficient to walTilnt a rolling.
AMERICA,N IN S TITUTE 0,. STEEL CONSTRUCTION

54
ROLLEO STEEL SEC TI ONS
CHAN NELS
T
[ CA RBUILDING AN D SHIP B UILDI N G xfx

PROPERTIES FOR DESI GNING r'
y
xx
A", .,
Dep.h
., W., ---
",XIS ,",XI" y .y
Nominal
Size
Weight
~
F~'

""',~ See lion
Width
,
F1a"ll'!
Th,Ck
~. I S I , ,
S
--- ,. - - - - - - --
'" - ,.- ,.- -,.-- ---
In' In ._ In .' ,.- ,.-
In '
t 15 X 4
'"
75.0
In.'
- - - - - - - - - - ---
22.06 15.00 4,491 1.116 584.0 n.9 5.1 4
-- ---- --
25.9 7.6 1.08 1.08
69.1 20.32 15.00 4.375 1.000 551.5 73.5 5.21 23.9 7.2 1.09 1.06
65.9 19.38 15.00 4.312 .937 533.9 71.2 5.25 22.9 7.0 1.09 1.04
62.8 18.47 15.00 4.251 .876 516.8 68.9 5.29 21.9 6.8 1.09 1.03
59.6 17.53 15.00 4.188 .813 499.1 66.6 5.34 20.9 6.' 1.09 1.02
56.4 16.59 15.00 4.126 .751 481.5 64,2 5.39 19.9 6. 4 1.10 1.02
53.2 15.65 15.00 4.063 .688 463.8 61.8 5.44 19.0 6.2 1.10 1.01
SO.O 14.71 15.00 4.000 .625 446.2 59.5 5.51 18.0 6.0 1.11 1.01
13 X 4 SO.O 14.66 13.00 4.41 2 .787 312.9 48.1 4.62 16.7 4.9 1.07 .98
45.0 13.18 13.00 4.298 .673 292.0 44.9 4.71 15.3 4.6 1.08 .97
40.0 11.71 13.00 4.185 .560 271.4 41.7 4.82 13.9 4.3 1.09 .97
37.0 10.82 13.00 4.117 .492 258.9 39.8 4.89 13.0 4.2 1.10 .98
35.0 10.24 13.00 4.072 .447 250.7' 38.6 4.95 12.5 4.0 1.10 .99
31.8 9.30 13.00 4.000 .375 237.5 36.5 5.05 11.6 3.9 1.11 1.01
12 X 4 SO.O 14.64 12.00 4.135 .835 268.1 44.7 4.28 17.8 5.8 1.10 1.06
48.6 14.22 12.00 4.100 .800 263.0 43.8 4.30 17.3 5.7 1.10 1.05
46.6 13.62 12.00 4.050 .7SO 255.8 42.6 4.33 16.6 5.5 1.11 1.05
44.5 13.02 12.00 4.000 .700 248.6 41.4 4.37 16.0 5.4 1.11 1.05
40.0 11.70 12.00 3.890 .500 232.8 38.8 4.46 14.5 5.1 1.12 1.05
35.0 10.23 12.00 3.767 .467 215.1 35.8 4.59 12.9 4.8 1.12 1.07
12 X 3M 41.1 12.00 12.00 3.700 .700 217.a 36.3 4.26 11.3 4.0 .97 .89
37.0 10.80 12.00 3.500 .500 203.4 33.9 4.34 10.3 3.8 .98 .89
32.9 9.60 12.00 3.500 .500 189.0 31.5 4.44 9.4 3.6 .99 .89
30.9 9.00 12.00 3.450 .4SO 181.8 30.3 4.SO 8.9 3.5 .99 .90
10 X 3M 35.1 10.23 10.00 3.700 .675 133.6 26.7 3.61 10.4 3.8 1.01 .95
31.7 9.23 10.00 3.600 .575 125.2 25.0 3.69 9.5 3.6 1.01 .95
28.3 8.23 10.00 3.500 .475 116.9 23.4 3.n 8.6 3.4 1.02 .96
26.6 7.73 10.00 3.450 .425 112.7 22.5 3.a2 8.' 3.3 1.02 .97
24.9 7.23 10.00 3.400 .375 108.6 21.7 3.88 7.6 3.2 1.03 .98
9x3.\1 31.6 9.21 9.00 3.700 .6SO 99.4 22.1 3.29 9.7 3.6 1.03 .98
28.5 8.31 9.00 3.600 .550 93.4 20.7 3.35 8.8 3.4 1.03 .98
25.4 7.41 9.00 3.500 .4SO 87.3 19.4 3.43 8.0 3.2 1.04 1.00
23.9 6.96 9.00 3.450 .400 84.3 18.7 3.48 7.5 3.4 1.05 1.01
a X 3.\1 28.2 8.23 8.00 3.700 .625 71.8 18.0 2.95 9.0 3.4 1.05 1.02
25.5 7.43 8.00 3.500 .525 67.6 16.9 3.02 8.2 3.2 1.05 1.02
22.8 6.63 8.00 3.500 .425 63.3 15.8 3.09 7.4 3.0 1.05 1.04
21.4 6.23 8.00 3.450 .375 61.2 15.3 3.13 6.9 2.9 1.05 1.05
-
tRolled by The l'bocnis In:>n Co.
For complete hst or C . rhuild ong and Shil.bui1dlflK Channel .. &ell catalog. of th" various mill ..
See page 10 ror ""'tho<! of desiKn8.tion.
AMERICA N IN S TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

55
SPEC IAL SERIES
C o~-'-H.
, >I. CHANNELS
I
~
, ., 1
.
CARBUILDING AND SHIPBUILDING

[
T~ T
, FI.nge WOO O,atance

",," Weijlht Ma . UI".,
, 0.,.
"-'". '". -
M~" Thiek. H_~lf Gllp flange
SectIon 1:1 Widlh Thlck- neal
--
Th .. k T
-,---- -
k g. Rivet g
- -- - - - - -,-- - -
-'".-- - - - I
C>.
'". In. _I_"_'_I_'"_'_~_'"_'_ -".- ' '". '". ._-
'"
. ",
, 3% 11 ~ 2~ ''I, , ,
~
! ,5 75.0 ',," '% 1~(6
'% 2"
69.1 4% "0 3% ll U '% 2'1 ,
,. ~ ,,~
,, 2~
65.'
62.8
59.6
41~
41 4
4~~
""
IH6
1'16
u{a
%
I!.(a
'~"'"
3%
3%
3%
II%"
11 ~
II %"
'%
'%
'%
2U
2:11
2U
Ui6
%
"" ,,
',,"
"0
2U
2U
2",
56.4
53.2
50.0
4%
4;'
4 ""
LSi/;
l~(/;
Y.
',"
% T'
%
3%
3%
3%
11 ~
11%
llU
'%
'%
'%
2!{
2U
2,. """ ""% ,,
,,~
"0 2",
2",
2",
,.%% %% ,,,
"" '" .. ..
3% 10~ 2,. 2",
13 50.0
45.0
"41{i jj % l/s 3% 10%
',,"
',," '2U 2)i
40.0 4% %
" '" ji
3% laYs H~ 2U
2~
, ,, 2",
2)i
~
3% 10%
37.0
35.0
4%
4%
4
%
jj J.j
h 3%
3J.j
laYs
laYs ''""'" 2ji
"''" ''"" ,,,
2",
2",
... '''".
31.8 \5(& 2"
2", 2",
4J.j 3%
'"''"'
,,~ ',," ,,~
'2 50.0 % ' 'ji
48.6 4% Hu lIo 3J.j 1~ 2", % % , 2",
% ,
'"''"''"'
4 J.j 3J.j 2", 2",
",. " ""

46.6 'lio 'ji ',,"
4 lL.{e % 3% ' ji 2", % , 2",
%
" lJ.i6 ,
44.5
40.0 3)i J.j 3J.j 'ji 2", % % 2",
lU
35.0 3.!4 'lU
jj "' it
ji 3%
'"' 2)i
,.
". 2",
12 41.1
37.0
3,.
3J.j
',,"
J.j
3
3
'"'
')1
' ji
Ix"
2",
2", %
J.j
% ~)i
2)4
2)(
2)(
3",
~
)1
~
3
'"' ,,,.n{ 2", ". ".
32.9 1}1
3)1 3 2", 2)(
"' '"
30.' lIo ')1 )i
10 35.1 3U
3J.j '"
~i'6
% ,,%, 3
3
7J.j
7J.j
Po 2",
2",
" . ".
". ~)i
2
2
~
31.7 %
28.3 3", ~ia )( 3 7% P" 2", ". 2
"' "
2)1 2
,
26.'
24.9
3L~
3%
".
".
lU
%
)(
'"
3
3
7%
7%
""
B{e 2", lIo ".
)i
)i 2
31.6
28.5
25.4
23.9
3U
3%
3)1
3%
~lij
".
".
11"
'" ...'. ""

".
'.
li
TO
3
3
3
3
'"'"6U
6U
'%
'%
'%
' li
2)1
2)i
2",
2",
"
%
"'
li
".
".
".
".
~
%
%
2
2
2
2
8 28.2
25.5
22.8
21. 4
3U
3J.j
3%
3)1 a"' ...",
J.j
J.j
'.
!:l'
)(
3%
3%
3%
3%
5~
5'
5%
5%
' '" 2U
H<e
21'4'
2J:I"
''' ''"" I
2!{
1}{G
%
)1
lIo
"'"'li
)1
li
%
%
%
2
2
2
2
--
11~oI led 1>,. The Ph",",X [ron Co.
""
Gage g, IS +
h"""" on k IU". 10 ""arest U;".
AMERICAN 1NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

56
ROLLE.O STEEL SECTLO N S
CHANNELS ;P
[ CARBU ILDING AND SHIPBU ILDING

x
- ~-
-x
1'"
,
I I AX,$ xx AXl5 VV
, , I' _51_' '0.

NU
" -""'_" .
W eight W"lth Web
5
Nominal
Sioa r.,. Section
of
Section
of
F1a"O"
lhick-
ness
'0. 1-
-- -In.-' - -In.- - - -
- - -'0-
. In.'
" In.'
In.' 10. In.' 11'1.
"
7.4 18.6 5.48 7.00 4.000 .350 42.9
-- ----
12.2 2.80 8.3 3.0
-- --
1.23 1.23
7 X 3}-2 25.0 7.30 7.00 3.700 .600 49.9 14.3 2.62 8.3 3.2 1.07 1.06
22.7 6.60 7.00 3.600 .500 47.1 13.5 2.67 7.5 3.0 1.07 1.07
20.3 5.90 7.00 3.500 .400 44.2 12.6 2.74 6.7 2.8 1.07 1.09
19.1 5.55 7.00 3.400 .350 42.8 12.2 2.78 6.3 2.7 1.07 1.11
6x3h; 22.0 6.42 6.00 3.700 .575 33.0 1\.0 2.27 7.G 2.9 1.09 \.12
20.0 5.82 6.00 3.600 .475 31.2 10.4 2.32 6.9 2.8 1.09 1.13
18.0 5.22 6.00 3.500 .375 29.4 9.8 2.38 6.1 2.6 1.08 1.15
16.9 4.92 6.00 3.450 .325 28.5 9.5 2.41 5.7 2.5 1.08 1.17
6x3}Aj 15.3 4.47 6.00 3.500 .340 25.3 8.4 2.38 5. 1 2. 1 1.07 1.08
6x2.!1 13.3 3.90 6.00 2.563 .375 19.7 6.6 2.25 2.1 1.2 .74 .71
12.0 3.52 6.00 2.500 .313 18.6 6.2 2.30 2.0 1.1 .75 .72
3x l J.i 10.3 3.02 3.00 2.250 .625 3.4 2.3 1.06 1.16 .76 .62 .73
9.0 2.64 3.00 2. 125 .500 3.1 2.1 1.09 .97 .68 .6' .70
7.1 2.08 3.00 1.938 .312 2.7 1.8 1.1 4 .71 .56 .58 .67
6.5 1.89
5.8 1.68
3.00
3.00
1.875
1.805
Fo.- complete lisl of Carbuilding aoo ShipbuildinK channt!
.250
.180
2.6
2.4
KC!
I..
1.7 1.17
1.20
.63
.53
.52
.47
calalop of the various mill ...
.58
.56
.67
.68
See page 10 f(W method of desia;nation .
p CENTER SILL SECTION

A ND
x- -l x
x-
- .
-r, x HALF CENTER SILL SECTION
- 1-- j
, y

I Oept~
"XIS x-x AXIII v-v
1-=- , 5
W.ight Width Web
,;', Area
SectIOn Sect,on
of
Fla~e
Thock-
s , y I ,
,--;;;:;-1-,-, '0 . '0 '
co. In.
CENTER
In
S ILL SECTI ON
'0 " ", '0'
" "
40.3 1 11.72 112.00 [ 3.25, 71 .469 1238.1 1 31.9 1 4.51 1 4.54 1 21.8 1 5.9 I 1.36 I .43
HALF CENTER SILL SECTI O N
36.21 1 10.65 112.87516.84, 41 .406 1 276.1 , 42.8 1 5.09 I 6A6 I 51.4 I 8.2 I 2.20 I .56
AM E RICA N I N S TIT U T E 0 1" S TEE L CON STR UCTI O N
57
SPECIAL SERIES
O.web + n-
C-
, CHANNELS
f~
, ,....,
CARBUILDING A ND SHIPBUILDING
[
T .~ T "
Flange w Oiala"""
Usual
"""
0<
$8eMfI
We.ght
ro.:, Width
MO;tn Tnock_
Thick_
ne..
.
Ilea
HallI
Thick_
nesa
, T k g, , G"p
Mh.
Flallll"
RIVet
G_
g
-- . ._- - - - -
'". c.. '0. In. I n. In. '0. '0. '"Ji '0. -'0. -'0-
. . -'0- -'0-
.
18.6 4 H '. 3H 5}~ 2U Ji 2J-i
'"
7 }16 %
7 25.0 3~ J-i H m 4Ji 2U I~- J-i Ji 2
,','""
HiI;
22.7 3H J-i J-i '"'. 3)1 4Ji 2}~ l. J-i Ji 2
20.3 3J-i J-i 3)1 4Ji J-i J-i Ji 2
"J-iJ-i 'HJ-i" """

2)4
3J-i 3)1 4Ji 2
,,H. 2~
'" J-i Ji
19. 1
6 22. 3~ 3)1 4 H Ji 2
""'" "
2}1
20.
18.0
3H
J-i
""H " ){ 3)1
3)1
4
4 ,, 2 )4
2){
J-i
J-i
Ji
Ji
2
2
"H "H ''""

3"
16.9 3J-i 3Ji 4 2){ H J-i Ji 2
,,,,,,
6 15.3 3J-i 3Ji 'H 2 H Ji 2
... '""" ''""

',,"
6 13.3
12.0
2H H
H
H 2Ji
2)1 ."
. J-i
Yo
Yo
2
2 %
H
H
H
H
...'"
2"
3 , Ji
.'"""'.
10.3 2}i H H 'H %
2Y, J-i , Ji
9 .
2
%
H ... ){ '%
'H , Ji "...
H
7.'
6.5 , Ji
,){
% ){
'" Y,
Y,
'H , Ji
,Ji ).
H
"
5.8
Gage go is based on k
'"
+ IU", to nea~1 J{".
'%
6~%;rl
i-'X' 1 I 40~ %"
,802' .
1~;
'% ~:'"
l' .,

:
~
t-'~;'~
'"-"
%" & "
r-:;;;"
.873
.60 ff
1 53"
li" I ~8
," I i----!.,'-o
CENTE R 51 1..1.. SECTI ON HALF CENTE R SILL SECT I O N
AMERICAN I N STI TUTE; OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

58
ROL LEO S T EEL SEC T I O N S
Y
I
::r SU BWA Y COLUMNS (S)
PROP ER TIES FOR DES IG NIN G

3E I
y
"-
-
AXIS X-X AXI$ V_Y
A<N
,
Weight 0.. . WOO , -
Nom inal
Si..
~,
'00' "
Soction "
'""~ Wid th Thlck_
ThH:k-
S , I S ,
'".
-In.- -- --
... '"
,--
~.
... - - f--- ...

- - ~r--w- - -
...
..
CO. _
- - -_. . - '" In.'
---1--
tn,'
--
-- -- --
6 X 10 25.91 7.23 10.420 .990 .990 215.0 59.5 2." 187.1 35.9 ?69
80 23.53 7.06 10.335 .905 .905 189,9 53.8 2.84 166.9 32.3 2.66
7. 20.65 6.85 10.230 .800 .800 160.8 46.9 2 .79 143.0 28.0 2.63
60 17.67 6.63 10. 120 .690 690 132.6 40.0 2.74 119.3 23.6 2.60
50 14.73 6.41 10.01 0 .580 .580 106.5 33.2 2.69 97.1 19.4 2.57
4. 11.72 6.18 9.895 .465 .465 81.4 26.3 2.64 75.1 15.2 2.53
t5~x9~ ..
8.
7.
25.87 6,842
23.52 6.666
20.58 6.444
10.046
9.959
9.846
1.035
.947
.836
1.035
.948
.835
187.3
164.9
138.7
54.7
49.5
43.0
2.69
2.65
2.60
175 4
156.3
133.3
34.9
31.4
27.1
260
2.58
2.54
60 17.63 6.216 9.733 .722 .722 113.9 36.7 2.54 11 1.1 22.8 2.51
50 14.70 5.986 9.617 607 .606 91.0 30.4 2.49 90.' 18.7 2.48
4. 11.76 5.750 9.600 .489 .489 69.6 24.2 2.43 69.9 14.7 2.44
-
"Rolled by I~thlehem SIt<:J Co.
tRollM by OtrTlt'gie-lilinois St",,1 Corp.
s...
,,"geo 10 for method of designation.
AMER ICA N INS T I T U T E O F STEE L CON S TR U CTI ON

59
S PECIAL S ERIES
! r- O - Wtlb + 1i "

_I~\
.
I
T
!
! \~
V~
- __ ..L SUBWAY COLUMNS (S)

=r=
r-'
,
Flange W" D,slance
_ Usual
-
Walght Depth
NomInal
Sil e
~
'00'
Section W idth Tho:~-
neN
\ Thjc~.
ness
, 0,...
H air
Thick_
, I T k m g,
,,- -- -,,- -,,-- -- -,,--

,,- - - I - --1--:-- ------
CO- '"- ,,- --
'"- --1-- '" --- -- '"- - - In. In. In.
10 7}i 10~ 1 1 4~ 4)-( H, 2 5

'"
6 ~ 88 12;11
80 7 lO S/8 )-( L~16 4~ 4)-( Pis 12% 2 5
70
60
50
6)-( 10 14 LIfe
6)-( 10)i "10
6)-( 10
6)i 9)i
'!.ie
11
".
)-(
16
''--
)-(
'-f6
4~
4~
4U
4)-(
4)-(
4)-(
4)-(
1)i 12!!1
1 12)i
)-( 12
Ii llU 2
2
21:(
2~:(

'"
)i
5
5
5
5
40
'"
p. p-
~ 4U
'"
t5Ux9J1 88 6)-( 10 4 3)-( 1 12J:( 2~ )-( 5
"" ''"-
6)-( 10 4 3)-( 1)i 12 21i 5
80
70 6
6 1,{
9)-(
9~
1~16
lOti
~
)-(

4
4
3)i
3)i
1&{&
,''
11 }1 2
11 )-( 2
'"
5
5
Ii
'"
60 %
6 3)-(
50
40 5~
9%
9
)i
"'
%
'"
H'
4
4 3)-( '''
16{6
11 ~ 2
11 )i 2)-(
)-( 5
5
"(( ulled hy U,,\hlehem Steel Co.

tRolled hy Carnegie-!!h""'" Sleel Corp.
Gage 1/, is oo!lHi on k +
1)4", to """'reM U".
'- --
AMERICAN INSTITUTE O F STEEl.. CONSTRUCTION

60
ROLLED STEEL SECT I ONS
' T
Y
TEES
T PROPERTIES AND
DIMENSIONS ,J_._.
y
i .--,
Dime"""". AXIS x-x AX,S v-v

Nominal
Size
Weight
1:1
"N
Depth Width
Minimum
Thick_
0' I S f Y I S f
- - -,"
Se&liOll
,.. .. .. ,..
Section Flange Flange Som
- -In-
.
-In-
, ~
-In.'- --
, - - -In.'- -In.'- - -
~ ----
CO In.'
'" --
"'
6Mx6M 19.8 5.80 64 64 % 23.5 5.0 2.01 1.76 10.1 3.1 1.32
4,4 13.5 3.97 4 4 4 4 5.7 2.0 1.20 '.18 2.8 1.4 .84
4,4 10.5 3.09 4 4 % % 4.5 1.6 1.21 1.13 2.1 f.1 .83
3M)!3~ 11.7 3.44 34 34 4 4 3.13 1.53 1.04 1.05 1.91 1.09 .74
3MJC3Y.\ 9.2 2.70 34 34 % % 3.0 1.20 1.05 1.00 1.39 .80 .72
3,3 7.8 2.29 3 3 % % 1.84 .86 .89 .88 .89 .60 .63
.75 .50
'" '"
3<3 6.7 1.97 3 3 1.61 .74 .90 .85 .62
2~2}4 6.' 1.87 24 24 % % 1.0 .59 .74 .76 .52 .42 .53
2M~2M 4.6 1.33 24 24 U U .74 .42 .75 .71 .34 .27 .51
2M .29
'" '"
2X'x2}.: 4.9 1.43 2U .65 .41 .67 .68 .33 .48
2J4x2X 4.1 1.1 9 2U 2M U U .52 .32 .66 .65 .25 .22 .46
2,2 !1i .61 .43

2,2
4.3 1.26
3.56 1.05
2
2
2
2 '"
U U
.44
.37
.31
.26
.59
.59 .59
.23
.18
.23
.18 .42
Tee eections are seldom u9td as Itructural fnlmin~ "",mben. When 90 uaed they are generally employed
on short .pans in ~xure. In lheooe tabl ... an: listed a ew IItlectcd Iizes, the range of whoae oe<:lion moduli will
rover all ordinary conditiona. t'or sW:a not lilted, the (allllogsof the _"""live rolling mi!ls llhould becomulled.
AM !'; FtI C;A N IN STITU T E OF ST EEL C O N S TR UCT I O N

61
SPECIA L S ER I E S
T, I
/ ZEES
X- _ ' -
/1
1
- X
PROPERTIES A ND DIMENSIONS S
/
Oi........ _ , "XI S XX AXIS V -V lAX'.
We'llht k ~
Nomillli
S,t.
r... of"
Sed_
Depth
of
Section FL.....
Width
ofThoc:k-
....
1 Sri I S r r
. - In._
- - ----<-- -In.- -In.'- _ -In.- ---I-:c-:- -In- - In.
--
". CO.
--1--
In. In. In.- In.' tn.- .
-- ---- --
6x3 ~ 34.6 10.17 6)i 3% Ji 50.2 16.4 2.22 19.2 6.0 1.37 .83
29.4 8.63 6 3M ji 42.1 14.0 2.21 15.4 ' .9 1.34 .81
25.4 7.46 6", 3' . % 38.9 12.8 2.28 14.4 '.4 1.39 .82
21.1 6.19 6 )1 3% ;, 34.4 11.2 2.36 12.9 3.8 1.44 .84 -
'"
18.4 5.39 6'" 3' . 29.8 9.8 2.35 11 .0 3.3 1.43 .83
15.7 4.59 6 3;' % 25.3 8.4 2.35 9.1 2.8 1.41 .83
5 X 3 ~{ 14 .0 4.10 5'" 3". % 16.2 6.4 1.99 7.7 2.5 1.37 .76
5.3
11.6 3.40 5 3'i
'" 13.4 1.98 6.2 2.0 , .35 .75
4 x3!{s 10~
8.2
3.03
2 .41 .'" 3)i
3",
'"
)1
7.9
6.3
3.9
3.1
1.62
1.62
5.5
4.2
1.8
I..
1.34
,~
.68
.67
3 X 21 ~ 6.7 1.97 3 2'''' )i 2.9 1.9 1.21 2.8 1.1 1.19 .55
z....
ltioN ...., HIdom tad ., I lIUC luf1l! 'nolni:'f, mtmbns. Whtn 110 ueed they we Ienerally employed
on Ihort ~ In flu" ...., In theE labIe. arc , .. tel . ew leIu~d 11M'S, u... n ilif') of w"'- _ tWIn mod,,1i will
CO\'cr aU ocd,,'ary c:on<huonl. ."(10' ....,.
not h,ud. the <;atalopcA the respKl!ve rollmc m~\s IIhouId be consuJ li!d.
AM E R ICA '" I N S TIT U T E O F S T EEL C O N S TRUCTI O N

62
AMERICAN IN S T ITUTE OF STEEl.. CONSTRUCTION

.3
BARS, PLATES
AND
ROLLED STEEL BEARING PLATES
AMERIC A N IN S TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

64
BARS AND PLATES

Flat steeL in the thicknesses adapted to struct ural use, is classifIed as follows:
Bars... ~_ Flat steel 6 inches or less in width,
Plates. Flat steel over 6 inches in width.
Be.1ring Plates Flat steel over 6 inches in width and over 2 inches in thick-
ness. (Entering into structural use almost exclusively for
column and girder bearings, etc.)
Bars are available from many mills in aU nea!SSilry thicknesses and lengths. in
widths varying by half-inches and thicknesses varying by sixteenths of an inch.
Piates are further defmed as ,. Universal Mill (U.M. ) Plates" or "Sheared Plates."
according as they are edge-rolled to finished width or are sheared (sometimes. optionally.
flame-cut) from wider plates to the ordered width. When plates aTC required to be
U.M., the mill order must so stale. U.M. plates <Ire used. when obtainable widths
are sufficient. for cover plates of columns and !!"irdcrs. for web plates. and for a variety
of other uses where the appearance or the specdkations require a finished edge.
Variation of plate wid t hs may be by half-inches but preferred practice is by inches:
variation of thickness is by sixteenths of an inch_
Plate mills are available in all districts, but the sizes of plates produced differ
greatly. T he catalogs of individual mills must be consulted in all except standard
cases. The tables on page 65. however. condensed and in some cases slightly approxi-
mated from the catalogs of a group of the most important producers. are a gUIde to
sizes of plates available. The tables show the number of mills rolling each wid th.
whose data has been summaril.ed.
In addition to rectangular plates. most mills are able to supply "Sketch Plates"
sheared to any specified non-rectangular outline; also certain standard fonns. such as
"Circles." Such specialties as "Checkered Floor Plate." page 65. are roUed by only a
few mills which should be consulted concerning sizes and extras.
The base price of steel plates is applied to all rectangular plates falling Ylithin the
foUowing limits:
Width Over 6 inches but not over 100 inches.
'-'ngth 3 feet and over. up to published limit of length but not over 80 fee t.
Thickness li inch to 2 inches. inclusive.
Plates are practically always invoiced by the mill to the fabricator at actual scale
weight rather than nominaL The differences are somewhat erra tic. depending on size
of plates. roll wear. roll strength. etc. However. the allowable overweight to be charged
for U_M. plates is li mited to 27li per cent of the nominal; and for sheared plates is
limited in accordance with the table~ on pages 7<1 and 75 of this Manual.
Plates are always specified on designs and details by thickness (in sixteenths of an
inch) but are frequently ordered from the mill by weight per square foot.
Plates up to n inches wide. inclusive. ordered to.2 pounds per square foot. are con-
sidered ~:j" inch plates, and a base size. Plates over 72 inches wide must be ordered
U inch thick on edge. or not less than t I pounds per sq uare foot. to take base price.
All sketch plates. induding circles. are invoiced at actual weight and are not subject
to weight tolerances applying to rectangula r plates.
Heavy rolled steel bearing plates. ordered flame-.cut to length to prevent distortion
due to ~heari ng. take cutting extras in addition to thickness extras.
The various g".lge. width. tlluinf{. and q uality t!..'Ctras added to the base price of
plates are subject to occasional reviSIOn, and should be obtained by reference to lhe
American Iron and Steel Institute's latest "Uslof Unifonn Extras."
The above points are noted as a guide in selecting the most economical design.
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF S TEEL CONSTRUCTION

65
PLATES
T A BLES O F AV A ILA BLE S IZ ES
Note to T~bl" I and 11: T he first lenllth given 11 obtainable from most. and usually from
all, of the mill. rolli n g thegl".n width . The ",<,and length g;ven i. the muimum obtai n able
from any mill.
TA BL E ,
Length. In Feet. of Universal Mill Plates obtainablllin the r ...,..:tive width. shown.
Wi dth, I'ehes
Th ickness
Inche. 6-12 13-20 21-26
37-42 43-46 27-30 31-36
47-48 49-58 59-60
--- --- --- --- - -- --- --- --- --- ---
'i 65-SO 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 40-100 90-100 90-'00 40- 65 60-
'! 65-80 60-125 60-125 50-125 60-125 60-125 90-125 90-125 80-90 70-
)<l 65-SO 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 90-125 90-120 85-120 60-
li 65-80 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 5~ 1 25 90-125 90-120 80-120 40-
1 65-80 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 40- 125 90-125 90- 95 70- 95 40-
,1;1' 65-75 48-125 48-125 49-125 49-125 38- 125 90-115 75- 90 60- 75 40-
1)<l 40-60 48-120 46-125 46-125 45-125 33-\05 90- 95 65-90 50- 65 35-
1~ 35-60 41 - 110 40-125 40-125 38-110 28- 90 80- 90 55- 90 45- 55 30-
2 30-60 36- 90 35-125 35- 110 34- 95 24- 75 70- 90 45- 90 40- 45 25-
No.of mill, I , , , I I , I I , I , I ,
from ..hid>
obtain_ble I
T ABLE
Le n gth, In Feet, of She~red
" in t he respe<:tive width. shown.
Pl ates Obtai n able
Wi dth.lrlChes
Tllickneu
Inches 24-36 37-48 49-60
97-11 4 61-78 79-96 115- 132 133-150 151-168169- 186
--- - -- --- --- - -- --- --- --- ---
J4 40-45 40-50 40-50 35-55 30-48 27-38 21-30
li 38-50 40-70 40-70 35-70 30--65 30-52 26-48 17-30 24- 21 -
)<l 36-SO 40-70 40-70 35-70 30--70 30-55 36-SO 20-37 33- 27-
li 36-SO 37-70 35-70 35-70 30-70 30--55 35-48 19-45 45- 39-
1 36-SO 34-70 30-70 32-70 25-66 25-53 35-48 18-45 45- 41 -
1)4 30-50 30-70 2,5..70 25-65 20-60 20-45 31-45 17-45 42- 38-
1)<l 25-40 30-70 23-60 21-60 16-56 15-45 30-45 16--42 41 - 33-
1~ 25-40 30-60 22-52 18-59 14-50 12-45 28-44 15-42 4{)- 31-
2 20-35 25-55 20-49 16-52 13-47 11-45 24-43 14-42 39- 29-
mon'l , , , I ,
" I " I " I " I " I I I I
No. 01
from wild!
obUoinable
CHECKERED PLATES
Different mills ofTer checkered plates in different styles, patterns and extreme
dimensions. The nominal or ordered thickness is that of the flat plate exclusive of the
height of the raised pattern. T he usual weights are as follows:
Nominal ThlCkne"
,""-
Nominal Weight
Lb. per sq. It.
I 8.8
.. I 11.3
)4 I ,. I li I "
13.9 16.4 19.0
I 21.5
)<l I li I li
26.6 31.7
Length of plate is usually the direction of the long dimension of the raised pattern.
In general. lengths are limited to 10 feet for widths of 6 to 20 inches and 20 feet for
wid ths of 20 to 72 inches. For longer or thicker plates. and for precise information on all
the foregoing, the individual manufacturers should be oonsultoo.
A M ER I C AN I N S TITU TE OF S T EEL. C O N ST RUCT I O N
66
ROLLED STEEL BEARING PLATES
Rolled steel bearing plates are extensively used for column bases. wall bearing
plates. and a variety of other Usell.
Since standard sizes are kept in stock. and only simple fabrication is required,
shipments can be made promptly.
The smaller and thinner bearing plates, up to and including 2 inches in thickness. are
rolled flat and with surfaces sufficiently smooth to receive, without planing. the milled
ends of column shafts. Bearing plates <I inches and under in thickness can be straight
ened by a press to within the required limits of flatness.
Rolled steel bearing plates of thicknesses greater than -I inches are likely to be
slightly bowed or cambered !Ie) that. in order to provide proper bearing surfaces. these
plates should be planed on their lOP surfaces directly under the columns. It wi\] not be
necessary to plane the bottom surfaces when the plates rest on concrete foundations. as
full bearing contact can be provided with strong cement grout.
When pl:ltes over 4 inches thick rest on steel. the top surfaces should be planed
for the column bearing and t he bo ttom sur faces planed all over.
Sizes of rolled ~ teel bl'aring plates required for use as wallix-a ring plates or column
base plates can be dt'termi noo hy the methods given on pages 136 and 137. Allowa ble
loads on column base plates are given on pages 239 to 24 1.
The tables of permissible variations of d imension. adopted in 1933 by the Asso-
cia tion of American Steel Manufacturers and given on page 76. should be consulted
when ordering bearing plates for s\lch finished dimensions as are required by the design.
ST A NDARD R O LLED SIZES

ALL DIME:N S ION S IN IN C HE: S
14 )( 1!1 20,2 28)( 3 36, 4 44 , S 52)( 6

1 4}l 1~ 20)( 2~ 28)( 3~ 36}l 4 ~ 44 )( 5M 52 x 6Y!l
20 x 3
16 x 1M 24 x 2 32 x 3M 4O x 4M 48 x5M 56 x 6M
16 x 2 24)( 2M 32 x 4 40,5 48 x 6 56,7
24 x 3 48 x 67!i 56 ,a
SECTION MODULI OF BEARING PLATES 1 IN C H WIDE

FOR TH ICKNESSES GREATER THAN 1 IN C H
T hi<;k...,.. S Thickne.. S Th ick_ S Thickness S
'". 'n.- '". I n._
'". In.'
'". In.'
lU .26 3J{ 1.76 5J{ 4.59 7J{ 8.76

' )l .38 3)l 2.04 5)l 5.04 7)l 9.38
Hi .51 3J{ 2.34 OJ, 5.5\ 7 j( 10.01
2 .67 4 2.67 6 6.00 a 10.67
2J{ .84 4J{ 3.01 6 J{ 6.51 a J{ 11 .34
2)l 1.04 4)l 3.38 6 )l 7.04 a )l 12.0<1
2j( 1.26 4 j( 3.76 6~ 7.59 aj( 12.76
3 1.50 S 4. 17 7 8. 17 9 13.50
AME:RI CA N IN ST ITUTE: O F STE:E:L CONS TRUCTI O N

67
ROLLING MILL PRACTICE
METHODS OF SPREADI NG ROL.LS
CAMBERII'IG W I DE FLANGE SECTIONS
ROLLING AND CUTTING TOLERANCES FOR ROLLED

STEEL STRUCTURAL SECTIONS
PERMISSIBLE: VARIATIONS IN WEIGHT AND

TH I CK~jESS OF ROLLED STEEL
STRUCTURAL SECTIONS
AND PLATES
AMERICAN IN~,T ' TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

68
METHODS OF SPREADING ROLLS
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the method of increasing the area and

weight of Wide Flange Sections, whereby the thickness of both flange
and web is changed with a corresponding change in the beam depth and
flange width. The area and weight of American Standard Beams and
Channels are increased from the minimum as shown in Figures 3 and 4;
an equal amount is added to the thickness of the web and to the width
of flanges, all other dimensions remaining unchanged. As shown in
Figure 5, the weight and area of angles are varied from the minimum by
increasing the thickness of each leg, the length of the legs being slightly
increased by so doing. Figure 6 illustrates the method of increasing
the area and weight of zees. Rolls for tees cannot be spread .

69
CAMBERING OF ROLLED BEAMS
The following infonnation covers the limitations upon cold cambering of deep
beams at the mill. as offered by the American Mills which produce wide flange sections.
Maximum length for cambering is 85 feel.
Maximum camber. measured at mid-length, and minimum length for given cambers.
are shown in table below.
Minimum Length 'Dr Gi""n Camber

Secti"n
---
3~"
(Amber '"
Com"",
'2 31"
Camber "
Camber
l }i"
Cambe, '"
Camber
24" Wide Flange

and Over 55' 50' 45' 4~ 35' 3~
- I
21" Wide Flange
24" Standard SO' 45' 40' 35' W 25'
Camber will approximate a simple regular curve from end to end (nearly) of beam,
or between any two points on beam as specified. Reverse or other compound curves
wm not be undertaken. Camber shall be specified by the ordinate at mid-length of
the portion specified to be curved. Ordinates at other points shall not be specified.
The cambered ordinate may vary from that specified by }i inch over. nothing under.
wit to Ir ~
~~
4 ' ~)
,VC'M
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF' STEEL CONSTRUCTION

70
ROLLING AND CUTTING TOLERANCES
m ,r.tr
- - - I, n-,.;f :- ",
~
W SECTIONS
m
~
~;~l
Seal, of PermlRtbl, Toler~nces
~:~~
eUligerated for clar ity.
R O LLI N G TO L E R A N CES
Do,. W idth 01
flange Out of Square or Po.. llel Mnimum Depth
N"",;nal
Deptll
+
d b
m minul n
at any Point
m "".,
Web off
-+- Not more than

Up to Not more
U" U" over
~'"
)1" W Not more than ~"
12" incl. theoretical than ua"
Not more than
Not more
Over 12" )1" W Mil ,,",' Not more than Mil7.1" over
theoretical than ~"
Sections may have an allowable variation In weight of ph.. or minu e 2'h % fro m t h e nominal weillht.
C U T TI N G TO L E R A N CES
length in Feet
Up to
Section 301",,1.
'N" '"
+ +
Beams 8" ;i" ~" plus t<&" for each 5' or ~" For toleranoos specified "all
to 24" incl. fraction thereof above 30' plus, no minus" (no under-
.Hi" plus !-<a" fo r each 5' or Y:;!" run) the tole rance appl ying
Beams Y:;!" to the ordered length is the
over 24" fraction thereof above 30' arithmetical sum of the plus
Columns Y:;!" .Hi" plus ~" for each 5' or Y:;!" and minus tolerances given
all sizes fraction thereof above 30' in this table.
Ends out of square: ~"per inch of depth or flange width if greater than depth.
Allowance for Milling: For !llaterial which is to be milled the order should show
whether one or both ends are to be milled. allowance added
for milling. and whether material is to be cut to standard or
special tolerances given above.
It is recommended that material to be milled be ordered in
the following lengths:
Ivlilled one end only: Finished leng th plus %".
Milled both ends: F inished length plus %".
Camber and Sweep: Tolerances for beams: .l1" X total lenfo~ in feet or .Hi" max.
Where sections are specified on orders as columns, the fol-
lowing tolerances will apply:
Len glSUpO
" t 30' 0'" IL"X total1ength
' 7~ to' in feet
Lengths over 30' 0": not over ~"" toL11.
AMER ICAN I NSTI T UTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI O N
71
U~
AMERICAN STANDARD BEAMS AND TEES

STRUCTURAL SIZES
L
1
r------->j
\: 1'---., ,.---'
1f.-.--.j ~ -
,

U
Scale of Perm issib le Tolera nces exaggerated for clarity.
ROLLING TOLERANCES
Width of Out of
Oepth Flange. Square Weight
Nominal
Depth d b
Parallel
+ + +. +
3" to 7" incl. ~" !fa" W W'
J.U"
2.\1% 2.!1%
8" to 14" inel. W !<;" !b" ~" per inch 2M% 2.\1%
of flange
15" to 24" incl. '0" W ~" lIi" 2J1% 2,!.i%
CUTTING TOLERANCES
length In Feet
Up to Over 10 "", ro I Over J(l

"",,"
Seclion 10 incl.
'"
20 incl . '"
3Oincl. 4Oincl. '"
50 incl """ '"
+ - - + - - -+- - - -+- - - -+- - - -+- - -
Structural Beams ~" , "
- -
W W W ~" W W ' 7.!" %" 1" ~tI
Structural Tees M" "0 un 0 M" 0 1" 0 1J4" ~ 1 ~" 0
Ends out of square: 1M" per inch of depth.

total length in feet
Camber tolerance: ~" X 5'
Weight tolerances arc based on each shi pment consisting of carload lots or fraction
thereof of the same figured or ordered weight per linear foot.
"Back of square and web to be parallel when measuring for "out of square,"
AMERICAN INST I TUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

72
kh.~
CHANNELS
STRUCTURAL SIZES
,
~~
I

,
0
- ,
-"--
~
U
Scala of Permlulble Tol.rane_ ...gglrated for cl ..lty.
ROL LI NG TO LERANCES
Nominal -"
d
Width of
'"- "'-,
Out of

We",,1
""'" + -- +
b P....I1.1
+0 +
J" to 7" inc!. !ii" h." li" li" lj;" 2M% 2~%
a" to 14" incl. W' !{,.. li" !ii" per inch 2J.i% 2J.i%
15" to 18" inc!.
'.
11
li" li" ,- .
" t of ftange
2~ % 2 ~%
C U TTIN G T OLE R A N C E S
. ..
length In F...,
Section U,
101roc!. """" " """" '" I """ ~ """ "- 0, ..
.-.
30 inel 40 .110;:1
+'" '"'" -
~ inc!
, h" ,,;, I."

-;,IW +I~ .
+ '
Structural ~" I w --
W'
~-
'-8" "
Ends out of square: ~" per inch of depth.
Camber tolerance: 31" X total length in feet

5'
W~ht tolerances are based on each shipment consisting of carload lots or fraction
thereof 0 the same figured or ordered weight per linear foot.
A M ERICA N IN ST I TU T E 0 .. STEEL CO N STRUCTI O N

73
ANGLES AND ZEES

STRUCTURAL SIZES
--.1:t
\ :
f<---'Ti
I , ~ ,,
\
1J~'': '==1'=1
o \ :
- - , -,--'---.I
Sc~le of Permi ""ible Tole rances exalilierated for clarity.
ROLLING TO L ERANCES
$i ..... Thick_
Do"".
Section
Lef\Uth
of l"ll Oulof Thickness
Weight
.
L&ngth
. '"
~
+
d
+
b ,
Square
+
t
+ ---
3" to 4" inc. All Ji" !tis" )i" !{," 17!i or 2]1% 2J.i% 2J.i% 2M%
3/ 128" per ---
5" to 6" inc. All Ji" !{i;" )i" )i" inch of leg 231% 2J.i% 2]1% 2>1%
--- ---
Over 6" All )i" ~" ,",' Ys" length. 27!i% 2711% 2M% 2M%
CUTT I NG TO L ERA N CES
Length in feet
Section
Structural
-
Thick-
All
+
U"
Up to
10lncl.
0 ~"
Over
+1
"
10
2Oil'lCi.
0 ~"
+
0.., '"
"
3Oincl.
0
0 .... 30
"
4OIncl.
+L::.... + I
1" I 0 Of' 0
Ends out of square: IJ1 degrees or 3/ 128" per inch of leg.
Camber tolerance: W' X total lenf,h in feel
Weight tolerances are based on each shipment consisting of carload lots or fraction
Uteroof of the same figured or ordered weight IJeT linear foot.
Longer leg of unequal leg angle determines size for tolerances.
AMER I CAN I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CON S TRUC;:TION

74
PERMISSI BLE VARIATIONS IN WEIGHT AND

THICKNESS OF ROLLED STEEL STRUCTURAL
SECTIONS AND PLATES
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTI N G .... ATERIALS , A 7_36 ANO A 9-36
Perrni ...ible Variations

(a) One cubic inch of rolled steel is assumed to weiph 0,2833 lb. The cross-
sectional area or weight of each structural-si7.e shape and 0 each univeml mill plate
up to and includin~ 36 in. in width shall not vary more than 2.5 per cent. from the
theoretical or sped led amounts. The thickness or weights of rectangular sheared mill
plates and of rectangular universal mill plates over 36 in. in width shall conform to the
requirements of Paragnll>hs (b). (c) and (d).
(b) Plates. when ordered to weight per squafe foot . The weight of each lot' of
plates In each shipment shal! not vary from the weight ordered more than the amounts
given in Table I.
(0) Pla tes, when ordered to thickness. The thickness of each plate shall not
vary more than 0.01 in. under that ordered.
The overweight in each lotI of plates in each shipment shall not exceed the amount
given in Table 11.
(d) Plates over 2 in. in thickness. All plates over 2 in. in thickness shall confonn
to the pcnnissible variations over ordered thIckness given in Table III .
TABLE I- PERMISSIBLE VAR I AT I ONS OF RE C TANGULAR PL.ATES

ORDERED TO WEIGHT
... ... ..
Pe rmissible Vari:ation. in Avara.ll8 Weights per Sq ....e Foot o f Plat es lor
W idth. Given, EKprened ,n Percentages of Ordered Weight.
O<dere<! Weit t
Lb. 1>0'" Sq. t.
Under
~8 in.
60 In. "'.
nino
n.o
84 in. 96 in.
00 .0
108 ,no "
120 In.
120 to
132 In.
132 in.
0.
e,d. over
,
exel. excl. d.c!. ud. axd. e.cl.
- - - - - - - - ,- , ---
- - - - --
,0
, , , ,
,

~ ,~ , 6 ,f ! ,f ! , ! , - ! , ! , - ,
, 0 0 0
>
0
,
Under 5 , - -,,., - -,., - - - -
3 3 6 3 7 3
to 7.5 exel.
7.5 to 10 "
4.' 3
4 3 , ,,., ,.,
4.'
3
3
3
3
6 3
3 6 3 7 3 8 3
1. to 12.5 "
12.51015 "
3.'
3
2.'
2.'
4
3.'
3
2.' , , ,.
4.'
4
3
3
3
4.' 3
3
3
6 3
'.5 3
7
6
3
3
8
7
3
3
9
8
3
3
" to 17.5 "

17.5 to 20 "
2.'
2.'
2.'
2
3
2.'
2.'
2.'
3.'
3
2.'
2.' , ,,. ,.,
4 3
3.5 2.5
4.'
4
3
3
3
4.' 3
3
3
6 3
3
7 3
6 3
20 to 25
2' to 30
"
"
2
2
2
2
2.'
2
2
2
2.'
2.'
2.'
2 ,
3 1 2.5
2.5 2.5
2.'
3
2.'
2.'
4 3
3.' 3
4.
4
3
3
3
4. 3
4 3
3
3
3. to 40 " 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2 2.' 2.' 3 2.5 3. 3 4.' 3
4. 1081.6 incl. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.' 2 2.5 2.5 3 2.' 3. 3 4 3
1
Note. The ... ei.llht J:r square loot of mdividual plat"" IhaU not V3ry from the ordered "'eight by more
than one and ol>Cthit"d amount r,ven in !.hit uble.
" 'he term "Iot" a . applied to Table I meano all the pbtes o f each rroup width and (tI"OUP WeiQ"h L A,
applied to Table II. it means all the plates of each gl"OUl> .. ,dth and group thkkne1lll.
A M ERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CON STRUC TI ON

75
PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN WEIGHT AND

THICKNESS OF ROLLED STEEL STRUCTURAL
SECTIONS AND PLATES
" MERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATE:RIAL.S : A 7_36 AND A It_SG
T ABLE II. PERMISSIBLE OVERWEIGHTS OF RECTANGULAR PL.ATES

ORDERED TO THICKNESS
Permi..lble E~ce .. In Average Weightt per $qu" .... Foot of

Platq fo, Widths Give", E,,,uued in Perc enU II" of
0''''''00
,-
Thick_
.
N omi".1 We lllhU
'" , " ,. M'. .. ,. .

.. ""
, to 108 to ' 32 in.
Under
48 in.
60 in. 72 In. 84 in. 96 in. loa j", 1'20 in. 132 in. M
e. cl. eKcl. ue!. ele!. mel. e.cl.
I~ - -
~,
,
Under Y8 .. ___...... ........ ....... ......... , 02
,."
9
axel...................... . .........
.. .. ."
Y8 to ~ 8 9 02
~ toM " ........... ............. 7 8 9 02
Uto~ ..
" .. .............. - .......... 6 7 8 9 02 16 19
~ to ~ " -_ .... - ........... ...........
."
6 6 7 8 9 02 17
~ to ~ " ... ........................... 4.6 6 6 7 8 9 '2 16
%sto ~ ................................
" 4 4.6 6 6 7 8 9 13
J1to % " .................................. 3.6 4 4.6 6 6 7 8 9 11
%to ~ " .................................. 3 3.6 4 4.6 6 6 7 8 9
~ to 1 " .................................. 2.6 ~ 3.6 4 4.6 6 6 7 8
11" 2 incl. .................................. 2.6 2.6 3 3.6 4 4.6 6 6 7
NoI.c. TIM: wtlllhl of iJldividual pla tes ordered to (hickntss hall not uaoed tilt nominal weight by more
than one 3nd one-third the amount g"'en in thIS t... bLe.
TABLE r 11 .
, 'N. 'N
PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS OVER ORCEFtEC THI C KNESS
OF PLATES OVER THICKNESS
Perm ...ib te Exet.. l" T hlckne"., Inehot

Ord..-e<I
n ieknou Width. Inch_
',,",M
Up to 36, 36 to 60, 60 to 84, 84 to 120, 12010132, 132 to 1+1,
excl. e.cr. e.cr, e"l . exer. e.el.
Over 2 to 3 e~c1... ... ........ .062 (!-fe) .094 (~) . 109 (~) .125 (~') .125 (].i) .141 (~)
3 to 4 " ......... .... ,078 (~) .094 (~) .109 (~) .125 (.J.-'8') .125 (].i) .141 (~)
4 to 6 " .............. .094 (JiI) .125 (].i) .14 1 (%I) .141 (~) .156 (~) .172 ( I~ )
6 to 8 " .............. .109 (!.G) 126 ()i) .156 (~) .156 (~) .172 (1~)
8 to 10 " .............. .1 72 ( I~) .187 (~) .187 (~)
10to12" .............. 187 (~) .234 (l~) .234 (I~I)
12 to15" .............. .219 (~) .250 (U)
Note . Each plate shall not vary mort than 0.0 1 in. IInder t he ordered thiekne.._

76
PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN THICKNESS.

LENGTH . WIDTH . FLATNESS AND CAMBER
FOR PLATES OVER TWO INCHES THICK
ADOPTED ElV ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA N S TEEL MANUFAC TURI!:R S. Its:!
,-
PERM I SSIBLE VAR I ATIONS OVER ORDERED THICKNESS
PRMISS IOLE EXCESS IN THICKNESS. INCHES
Ord .... d ThIt~_
Width """-
,,-
Up to
~
l6 IIId to
6O,.d .
-- .......
60 Ird. III 1M incl to
120 ud
-
120 IndIO
,12 cI .
fJ:l;rd , 1o
144 ead.
Over 2 to 3 exel. .062 (!.-M) .094 ("') .109 (~) .125 (~) .125 (~) .141 (~)
3 incl. to 4 exel. .078 (~) .094 ('O) .109 r~) .125 (Ji) .125 (~) 141 (9(.)
4 incl. to 6 exel. .094 ("') .125 (~) .1 41 ("-) .1-41 ''') .156 (~) .172 ( , !.ta)
6 incl. to 8 exel. .109 Pt.) .125 (?i) .156 (~) .156 (6,) .172 (t~)
8 incl. to 10 o)(cl. ... , .... .172 (''') .187 (~) .187 (S, )
10 incl, to 12 alle!. ............... .187 (~) .234 (1~) .234 ( I ~)
12 incl. to 15 OIlC!. .... .219 (~) .250 (70
~OB: ' pilIte Mall not vary more than 0.01 .n. under the e>rdnaI llllc __
P'l!:RMI5S I BLE VAR I ATIONS IN
LENGTH AND WIDTH PERMISSIBLE VAR IATIO N S IN WIDTH FOR
~ !"LAME CUT P ...... TE S ROLLED EDGE ( UNIVERSAL "'ILL) PLATES
,-
Or,*_Th~
A" LelllJlhl end Wid,..
o-,In. Under, In. Width Th._
Ordered Di..-.-...., Intheo Width VarLlI, ....
o.-, I n. Under, In.
Over 2 10 3 excl. ji 0 Up 10 30 incl. Over 21010incl. 1> 1>
3 incl. 10 .. excl. ji 0 Up 10 30 incl. Over 1010 15 incl. Ji )i
.. incl. to 6 excl . j( 0 Over 30 to 60 incl. Over 21010 incl . 1> )i
6 inc!. to 8 excl. )i 0 Over 30 1060 incl. Over 10 to 15 incl . ji )i
8 incl. to 10 excl. 1 0
10 incl. to 12 excl. l)i 0
121ncl. to 15 excl. 1). 0
- -N OTIt:- !'I'le. wilh univft'llll roILc:d ..t_ WIll be tL.me<UI to I _t h onl)'.
PERMISSIBLE VAR IATI ONS FROM TRUE FLATNESS FOR UNIVERSAL MILL
PLATES FLAME CU T TO LENGTH AND SHEARED
,- "'.. ....... .....

MILL PLATES FLAME CUT T O S I ZE
Or<IIqcJ ThIck.-
"
FOR LENGTH OR WIDTH . IN CHES
,.d.'" ",.n
,.d. "." n ... ... "'M-
911 to '011 ,
Over 2 to 4 excl.
.
36 ..d.
)i
-
1>
..eI.
- - - - - - --_.
0>;(1.
1<0 Ji .,
,.d.
- -
120,i<cI.
ji j(
4 incl. to 6 excl.
6 incl. to 8 excl.
J.i
l<. liO
ji
Ji
Ji
ji
'"
j(
ji
)i
J.i
'1iO, )i 1
1
8 incl. to 10 excl. 1> Ji ji
,
J.i )i 1 1 1 1
10 incl. to 12 excl.
12 inc!. to 15 excl.
Ji
ji ... "
'lio )i
PERMISSIBLE CAMBER FOR UNIVERSAL MILL PLATES

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 ,
1
,
1
w
Ordered 0 ,.,.........,.. IIICheI
Th._ ......
~ Total Length If.1 1
Up to 30 inc!. Over 2 to 15 incl. m. x - - -,-. - -
Over 30 to 60 Over 2 to 15 inc!. 5t in. x Total L'~th .feet l

AMERICAN INSTITUTf: OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
77
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
FOR
ESTIMATING AND DESIGNING
WEIGHT AND AREA OF BARS AND PL.ATES
ECONOMY OF SECTIONS USED AS BEAMS
TABLES FO~ DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDERS
DIMENSIONS. WEIGHTS AND PROPERT IES OF

PLATE AND ANGLE GIRDER SECTIONS
EFFECTIVE NET AREAS OF ANGLES
NET SECT I ON OF RIVETED TENSION MEMBERS
SPACING OF P LATE G IRDER STI FFENERS
A LL OWABLE UNIT STESSES FOR SEAMS AND COLUMNS
DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS, AND PROPERT I ES OF

COMPOUND COL U MN SECTIONS
WE I GHTS AND PROPERTIES OF TWO ANG LES
BEARING PLATE AND BASE PLATE DESIGN
CRANE RAILS AND FASTENINGS
EYE BARS AND STRUCTURAL ACCESSOR I ES
A M ERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

78
SQUARE AND ROUND BARS

WEIGHT AND AREA
---
Size
,~
-_.
...

WeIght
Lb pet F OOl
,
-
0
A,u
Sq ...... IncI\eI
0
,-
'"'
f----
Weooht
Lb per Foot
, 0
',u
SQu... Inchel
0
0 3 30.60 24.03 9.000 7.069
.0031 his 31.89 25.05 9.379 7.366
~
.013 .010 .0039
'.
.053 .042 .0156 .0123 )i 33.20 26.08 9.766 7.670
.120 .094 .0352 .0276 ' 16 34.54 27.13 10.160 7.980
'{ .213 .167 .0625 .0491 '1 35.91 28.21 10.563 8.296
I. .332 .261 .00n .0767 sit 37.31 29.30 10.973 8.618
h .478 .376 .1406 .1105
.,
b 38.73 30.42 11.39\ 8.946
lIo
~
.651
.860
1.076
....
.511
.845
.1914
.2500
.3164
.1503
.1963
.2485
)i
'w
40.18
41.65
43.15
31.55
32.71
33.89
11.816
12.250
12.691
9.281
9.621
9.968
1.043 .3906 .3068 44.68 35.09 13.141 10.321
~
1.328
1.607 1.262 .4727 .3112 /;I, 46.23 36.31 13.598 10.680
~
1.913 1.502 .5625 .4418 47.81 37.55 14.063 11.045
"
',,"
Ji
2.245
2.603
1.763
2.044
.6602
.7656
.5185
.6013
49.42
51.05
38.81
40.10
14.535
15.016
11.4 16
11.793
.-
2.347 .8789 .6903 ',," 52.71 4 1.40 15.504 12. l n
""
2.988
1
lIo
3.400
3.838
2.670
3.015
1.0000
1.1289 .....
.7854 4
YO
54.40
56.11
57.85
42.73
44.07
45.44
16.000
16.504
17.016
12.566
12.962
13.364
~
4.303
4.795
3.380
3.766
1.2656
1.4102 1.1075 It 59.62 46.83 17.535 13.772
~
5.313 4.172 1.5625 1.2272 61.41 48.23 18.063 14.186
If. 5.857 4.600 1.7227 1.3530 63.23 49.66 18.598 14.607
~ 6.428
7.026
5.049
5.518
1.8906
2._
1.4849
1.6230
65.08
66.95
5 1.1 1
52.58
19.141
19.691
15.033
15.466
)i 7.650
8.301
6.008
6.519
2.2500
2. 4414
1.7671
1.9175 It 68.85
70.78
54.07
55.59
20.250
20.816
15.904
16.349
"It, 8.978
9.682
7.051
7.604
2.6406
2.8477
2.0739
2.2365 ~
72.73
74.71
57.12
58.67
2 1.391
21.973
16.800
17.257
3.0625 2.4053 76.71 60.25 22.563 17.721
"~
10.413 8.178
"~I!.
11.170
11.953
12.763
8.n3
9.388
10.024
3.2852
3.5156
3.7539
2.580'2
2.7612
2.9483 ',,"
78.74
80.80
82."
61.85
63.46
65.10
23.160
23.766
24.379
18.190
18.665
19.1 47
2 13.600 10.681 4.0000 3.1 416 5 85.00 66.76 25.000 19.635
1.....63 11.359 4.2539 3.3" '0 lIo 87.1 4 68. 44 25.629 20.129
\; 15.353
16.270
12.058
12.n8
4.5156
4.7852
3.5466
3.7583 It 89.30
91. 49
70. '"
71.86
26.266
26.91 0
20.629
21.135
"~ 17.213 13.519 5.0625 3.9761 ~{ 93.71 73.60 27.563 21.648
~
5.3477 4.2000 95.96 75.36 28.223 22.166
~
18. 182 14.280
19. 178 15.062 5.6406 4.4301 98.23 77. 15 28.891 22.691
20.201 15.866 5.94 14 4.6664 100.53 78.95 29.566 23.221
~".
)i 2 1.250 16.690 6.2500 4.9087 102.85 80.78 30.250 23.758
22.326 17.534 6.5664 5.1572 105.20 82.62 30.94 1 24.301
""~ 23.<429
24.557
18.400
19.287
6.8906
7.2227
5.4 119
5.6727
107.58
109.98
84.<49
86.38
31.64 1
32.348
24.850
25.406
112.41 33.063 25.967
~ "~
25.713 20.195 7.5625 5.9396 ".29
26.895 21.123 7.9102 6.2126 11 4.87 90.22 33.785 26.535
28.103 22.072 8.2656 6.4918 117.35 9'2.17 3-4.516 27.109
23.042 8.6289 6.7771 119.86 35.254 27.688
"
29.338 94.1"
3 30.600 24.033 9.0000 7.0686 6 122. 40 96.13 36.000 28.274
AMER ICA N I N S TITUTE O F STEEL C O N S TRUCT I O N

79
SQUARE AND ROUND BARS

WEIGHT AND AREA
W .. ight ,, ~ We >gM ,,~
Lb. pe' Foot Square Inches Lb. per Foot Square Inches
,-
Si.e
I '~

122.40 96.13
0
36.000
0
28.274 9

275.40 216.30
0
81.000
0
63.617
.."'
6
124.96 98.15 36.754 28.866 279.24 219.31 82.129 64.504
It"' Ji
127.55 100.18 37.516 29.465 283.10 222.35 83.266 65.397
.it
130.17 102.23 38.285 30.069 286.99 225.41 84.410 66.296
Yi 132.81 104.31 39.063 30.680 Ji 290.91 228.48 85.563 67.201
~
135.48 106.41 39.848 31.296 294.86 231.58 86.723 68.112
138.18 108.53 40.541 31.919 298.83 234.70 87.891 69.029
140.90 110.66 41.441 32.548
r"% 302.83 237.84 89.066 69.953
. ~ 143.65 112.82 42.250 33.183

33.824
306.85 241.00 90.250 70.882
Ji
11K
146.43
149.23
152.06
115.00
117.20
119.43
43.066
43.891
44.723
34.472
35.125
"%
I!1G
310.90
314.98
319.08
244.18
247.38
250.61
91.441
92.641
93.848
71.818
72.760
73.708
~ 154.91 121.67 . 45.563 35.785 ~ 323.21 253.85 95.063 74.662
""
157.79 123.93 46.410 36.450 327.37 257.12 96.285 75.622
~ 160.70
163.64
126.22
128.52
47.266
48.129
37.122
37.800
li
%
331.55
335.76
260.40
263.71
97.516
98.754
76.589
n.561
"" 166.60 130.85 49.000 38.485 10 340.00 267.04 100.000 78.MO
..
7
~
169.59 133.19 49.879 39.175 344.26 270.38 101.254 79.525
i,l"' 172.60
175.64
135.56
137.95
50.766
51.660
39.871
40.574
348.55
352.87
273.75
277. 14
102.516
103.785
60.516
81.513
Yi 178.71 140.36 52.563 41.282 ~{ 357.21 280.55 105.063 82.516

181.81 142.79 53.473 41.997 He 361.58 283.99 106.348 83.525
~ 184.93 145.24 54.391 42.718 % 365.98 287.44 107.641 84.541
'"
188,07 147.71 55.316 43.445 370.40 290.91 108.941 85.563
Ji 191.25 150.21 56.250 44.179 % 374.85 294.41 110.250 ".590
'"
194.45 152.72 57.191 44.918 379.33 297.92 111.566 87.624
''I."
% 197.68
200.93
155.26
157.81
58.141
59.098
45.664
46.4 15
%
%
383.83
388.36
301.46
305.02
\12.891
114.223
".664
89.710
~ 204.21 160.39 60.063 47.173 ~ 392.91 JOB.59 1\5.563 90.763

'l> 207.52 162.99 61.035 47.937 % 397.49 312.19 116.910 91.821
62.016 48.707 li 402.10 315.81 118.266 92.886
~
210.85 165.60
1 ~16
..
214.21 168.24 63.004 49.483 406.74 319.45 119.629 93.957
8 217.60 170.90 64.000 SO.265 11 411.40 323.11 121.000 95.033
221.01 173.58 65.004 51.054 416.09 326.80 122.379 96.116
i,l'" 224.45
227.92
176.29
179.01
66.016
67.035
51.849
52.649
Ji
I"
420.80
425.54
330.50
334.22
123.766
125.160
97.205
98.301
lj 231.41 181.75 68.063 53.456 Yi 430.31 337.97 126.563 99.402
''"""
234.93 184.52 69.098 54.269 435.1\ 341.73 127.973 100.510
~ 238.48 187.30 70.141 55.088 439.93 345.52 129.391 101.623
..
242.05 190.11 71.191 55.914 444.78 349.33 130.816 102.743
li 245.65 192.93 72.250 56.745 % 449.65 353.1 6 132.250 103.869

249.28 195.78 73.316 57.583 454.55 357.00 133.691 105.001
'"
%
%
252.93
256.61
198.65
201.54
74.391
75.473
58.426
59.276
%
%
459.48
464.43
360.87
364.76
135.141
136.598
106.139
107.284
~ 260.31 204.45 76.563 60.132 ~ 469.41 368.68 138.063 108.434

n.660 60.994 I ~M 474.42 372.61 139.535 109.591
~
264.04 207.38
267.80 210.33 78.766 61.863 ~ 479.45 376.56 141.016 110.754
""
79.879 62.737 484.51 380.54 142.504 111.923
""
271.59 213.31
9 275.40 216.30 81.000 63.617 t2 489.60 384.53 144.000 113.098
AMERICAN IN ST ITUT E OF STEEl.. CONSTRUCTION

80
WEIGHT OF RECTANGULAR SECTIONS

PO UNDS PER LINEA R F OOT
. ".
'.
T~I""""
W"'" - - -- -
-- " )( !io ~iI Ji 'N
-Ji-
" ". )i '10 -1-
)(
H
Jl
.16
.32
.21
...... ...
.<3
.80
.27
.53
.32
...
.64
.37
.74
1.12
.<3
.85
1.28
...
.48
1.43
.53
1.06
1.59
.58
1.17
1.75
.64
1.28
1.91
.6'
1.38
2.07
.74
1.49
2.23
.80
1.59
2.39
.85
1.70
~65
1 .85 1.06 1.28 1.49 1.70 1.91 2.13 2.34 2.55 2.76 2." 3.19 3.>
p.
1'1 ...
.80 1.06
1.28
1.49
1.33
1.59
1.86
1.59
1.91
2.23
1.86
2.23
2.60
2.13
2.65
2.98
2.39
2.87
3.35
2."
3. 19
3.72
2.92
3.51
4.09
3.19
3.83
4.46
3.45
4.14
4.83
3.72
4."
5.21
3.98
4.78
5.58
4.25
5.10
5.95
"~
2
1.12
1.70 2. 13 2.65 2." 3.> 3.83 4.25 4.68 5.10 5.53 5.95 6.38 6.80
1."
1.43 1.91 2.39 2.87 3.35 3.83 4.36 4.78 5.26 5.74 6.22 6,69 7.17 7.65
2'"
2 L., 1.59 2.13 2.66 3.19 3.72 4.25 4.78 5.31 5.84 6.38 6.91 7." 7.97 '.50
2U 1.75 2.34 2.92 3.51 4.09 468 5.26 5.84 6.43 7.01 7.60 8.18 8.77 9.35
3 1.91 2.55 3. 19 3.83 4.46 5.10 5.74 6.38 7.01 7.65 '.29 '.93 '.56 10.2
3',
3n
2.07
2.23
2.76
2."
3.45
3.72
4.14
4.46
4.83
5.21
5.53
5.95
6.22
6.69
6.91
7."
7.60 '.29 ....
9.67
8.18 '.93 9.67 10.4
10.4
11.2
11.1
11.9
3' 2.39 3. 19 3." -4.78 5.58 6.38 7.17 7.97 '.77 9.56 \0,4 11.2 12.0 12.8
4 " 2.55 3.> 4.25 5.10 5.95 6.80 7.65 '.50 9.35 10.2 11.1 11.9 12.8 13.6
4~. 2.71 3.61 4.:;2 5.42 6.32 7.23 8.13 9.03 '.93 10.8 11.7 12.6 13.6 H.S
. )i 2.87 3.83 4.78 5.74 6.69 7.65 8.61 '.56 10.5 11.5 12.4 13.4 14.3 15.3
4Y. 3.03 4.04 5.05 6.06 7.07 808 '.08 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.2
5 3.19 4.25 5.31 6.38 7." 8.50 '.56 10.6 11.7 12.8 13.8 14.9 15.9 17.0
5 1{ 3.35 4." 5.58 '.69 7.81 8.93 10.0 11.2 12.3 13.4 14.5 15.6 16.7 17.9
5)i 3.51 4.68 5.84 7.01 8.18 '.35 10.5 11.7 12.9 14.0 15.2 16.4 17.5 18.7
5'~ 3.67 4.89 6.11 7.33 8.55 '.78 11.0 12.2 13.'1 H.7 15.9 17.1 18.3 19.6
6 3.83 5.10 '.38 7.65 '.93 10.2 11.5 12.8 14.0 15.3 16.6 17.9 19.1 20.4
6 1.. 3.98 5.31 6.64 7.97 9.30 10.6 12.0 13.3 14.6 15.9 17.3 18.6 19.9 21.3
"~ 4.14 5.53 6.91 8.29 9.67 11.1 12.4 13.8 IS.2 16.6 18.0 19.3 20.7 22.1
6, . 4.30 5.74 7.17 8.61 10.0 11.5 12.9 14.3 15.8 17.2 18.7 20.1 21.5 23.0
7 4.'16 5.95 7.'14 8.93 lOA 11.9 13.4 14.9 16.'1 17.9 19.3 20.' 22.3 23.8
7M 4.62 6.16 7.70 9.24 10.8 12.3 13.9 15.'1 17.0 18.5 20.0 21.6 23.1 24.7
7)i
7~
8
14.78
4.94
5.10
6.38
6.59
6.80
7.97 9.56
8.23
8.50 10.2
.... 11.2
11.5
11.9
12.8
13.2
13.6
H.3
14.8
15.3
15.9
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.1
18.7
19.1
19.8
20.4
20.7
21.4
22.1
22.3
23.1
23.8
23.9
24.7
25.5
25.5
26.4
27.2
8 1i 5.26 7.01 '.77 10.5 12.3 14.0 15.8 17.5 19.3 21.0 22.' 24.5 26.3 28.1
. )i 5.'12 7.23 9.03 10.8 12.6 14.5 16.3 18.1 19.9 21.7 23.5 25.3 27.1 28.'
.y. 5.58 7." '.36 11.2 13.0 14.9 16.7 18.6 20.5 22.3 24.2 26.0 27.9 29.'
5.74 7.65 '.56 11.5 13.4 15.3 17.2 19.1 21.0 23.0 24.'
126~ ".7 30.'
9~. 5.90 7." '.83 11.8 13.8 15.7 17.7 19.7 21.6 23.6 25.6 27.5 29.5 31.5
. )i 6.06 '.08 10.1 12.1 '4.1 16.2 18.2 20.2 22.2 24.2 26.2 28.3 36.3 32.3
.y. 6.22 8.29 lOA 12.4 H .5 16.6 18.7 20.7 22.' 24.9 26.' 29.0 31.1 33.2
10 6.38 8.50 j'0.6 1'2 .8 14.9 j17.0 19.1 21.3 123.'1 25.5 27.6 (29.8 13 1.9 34.0
AMI!:RICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

81

POUNDS PER LINEAR FOOT
- Thi<:k_ . lneI>es
W,dtn
n. ,
-'"-
. . _Iio- -li:- -"' K- - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. li li:
'"
jj
l OU 6.53 B.71 10.9

11.2
'"'
13.1
13.4
15.3
15.6
17.4
17.9
'"
19.6
20.1
'"'
21.8
22.3
24.0
24.S
o
26.1
26.8
-'Iio- - - - - - -
28.3
29.0
30.5
31.2
32.7
33.5
34.'
35.7
10J.j 6.69 8.93
IOU
11
6.85
7.01
9.14
9.35
".4
, 1.7
13.7
14.0
16.0
16.4
16.3
lB.7
20.6
21.0
22.8
23.4
25.1
25.7
27.4
28.1
29.7
30.4
32.0
32.7
34.3
35.1
36.6
37.4
11 J:( 7.17 '.56 12.0 14.3 16.7 19.1 21.5 23.9 20.3 28.7 31.1 33.5 35.9 38.3
11J.j 7.33 9.78 12.2 14.7 17.\ 19.6 22.0 24.4 26.' 29.3 31.8 34.2 36.7 39.1
ll Ji 7.49 '.99 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0
12 7.65 10.2 12.8 15.3 17.9 20.4 23.0 25.5 28.1 30.6 33.2 35.7 38.3 40.8
12J.j 7.97 10.6 13.3 15.9 18.6 21.3 23.9 26.6 29.2 31.9 34.5 37.2 39.8 42.5
13 8.29 11.1 13.B 16.6 19.3 22.1 24.9 27.6 30.4 33.2 35.9 38.7 41.4 44.2
13J.j 8.61 11.5 14.3 17.2 20.1 23.0 25.8 28.7 31.6 34.4 37.3 4<l.2 43.0 45.9
14 8.93 11.9 14.9 17.9 20.8 23.8 26.8 29.8 32.7 35.7 38.7 41.7 44.6 47.6
14J.j 9.24 12.3 15.4 18.5 21.6 24.7 27.7 30.B 33.' 37.0 40.1 43.1 46.2 49.3
15 '.56 12.B 15.9 19.1 22.3 25.5 2B.7 31.9 35.1 38.3 41.4 44.6 47.8 51.0
15J.j '.88 13.2 16.5 19.8 23.1 26.' 29.6 32.9 36.2 39.5 42.8 46.1 49.4 52.7
16 10.2 13.6 17.0 20.4 23.8 27.2 30.6 34.0 37.4 40.8 44.2 47.6 51.0 54.4
16J.j 10.5 14.0 17.5 21.0 24.5 28.1 31.6 35.1 38.6 42.1 45.6 49.1 52.6 56.1
17 10.8 14.5 lB.l 21.7 25.3 28.' 32.5 36.1 39.7 43.4 47.0 50.6 54.2 57.B
17J.j 11.2 14.9 18.6 22.3 26.0 29.8 33.5 37.2 40.9 44.6 48.3 52.1 55.8 59.5
18 11.5 15.3 19.1 23.0 26.8 30.6 34.4 38.3 42.1 45.9 49.7 53.6 57.4 61.2
18J.j 11.8 15.7 19.7 23.6 27.5 31.5 35.4 39.3 43.2 47.2 51.1 55.0 59.0 62.9
19 12.1 16.2 20.2 24. 2 28.3 32.3 36.3 4<l.4 44.4 48.5 52.5 56.5 60.6 64.6
19J.j 12.4 16.6 20.7 24.9 29.0 33.2 37.3 41.4 45.6 49.7 53.' 58.0 62.2 66.3
20 12.8 17.0 21.3 25.5 29.8 34.0 38.3 42.5 46.B 51.0 55.3 59.5 63.8 68.0
2O J.j 13.1 17.4 21.8 26.1 30.5 34.' 39.2 43.6 47.9 52.3 56.6 61.0 65.3 69.7
21 13.4 17.9 22.3 26.8 31.2 35.7 40.2 44.6 49.1 53.6 58.0 62.5 66.' 71 .
21 )j 13.7 18.3 22.8 27.4 32.0 36.6 41.1 45.7 50.3 54.8 59.4 64.0 68.5 73.1
22 14.0 18.7 23.4 28.1 32.7 37.4 42.1 46.8 51.4 56.1 60.8 65.5 70.1 74.8
22 J.j 14.3 19.1 23.9 28.7 33.5 38.3 43.0 47.8 52.6 57.4 62.2 66.' 71.7 76.5
23 14.7 19.6 24.4 29.3 34.2 39.1 44.0 48.9 53.8 58.7 63.5 68.' 73.3 78.2
23 J.j 15.0 20.0 25.0 300 35.0 4<l.O 44.' 49.9 54.' 59.9 64.' 69.9 74.9 79.9
2. 15.3 20.' 25.5 30.6 35.7 4<l.8 45.9 51.0 56.1 61 .2 66.3 71.4 76.5 81.6
25 15.9 21.3 26.6 31.9 37.2 42.5 47.B 53.1 58.4 63.8 69.1 74.4 79.7 85.0
26 16.6 22.1 27.6 33.2 38.7 44.2 49.7 55.3 60.8 66.3 71.8 77.4 82.9 88.4
27 17.2 23.0 28.7 34.4 4<l.2 45.9 51.6 57.4 63.1 68.' 74.6 80.3 86.1 91.8
28 17.9 23.8 29.8 35.7 41.7 47.6 53.6 59.5 65.5 71.4 77.4 83.3 89.3 95.2
29 18.5 24.7 30.8 37.0 43.1 49.3 55.5 61.6 67.8 74.0 80.1 86.3 92.4 98.6
30 19.1 25.5 31.9 38.3 44.6 51 .0 57.4 63.8 70.1 76.5 82.' 89.3 95.6 102
31 19.8 26.4 32.9 39.5 46.1 52.7 59.3 65.9 12.5 79.1 85.6 92.2 98.8 105
32 20.4 27.2 34.0 4<l.8 47.6 54.' 61.2 68.0 74.8 81.6 88.4 95.2 102 jl 09
A.MERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

.2

POUNDS PER LINEA R FOO T
Thick_. 111<11..
Widlll
". ~ I", I ~
33 '"
21.0
U
28.1
;se
----
35.1 42.1
"'
49.1
)i
56.1
!iO
I-=-
63.1 70.1
%
----
77.1 ....2
"" - "" Ji
91.2 98.2 10'
1
112
34 21.7 28.9 36.1 43,4 50. 57.6 ".0 72.3 79.5 86.7 93.9 101 108 II.
35 22.3 29.8 37.2 44.6 5'2.1 59.5 66.' 74.4 81.8 89.3 96.1 104 112 119
3. 38.3 53. 99.5 107 122
37
23.0
23.6
30.6
31.5 39.3
45.9
47.2 55.0
61.2
62.9
68.' 76.5
70.8 ' 78.6
....2
86.'
91.8
94.4 102 110

"'
118 126
38 24.2 32.3 40.4 48.5 56.' 64 . n,7 80.8 88.8 96.' 10' 113 121 129
3' 24.9 33.2 41.4 49.7 58.0 66.3 74.6 62.9 91.2 99.' 108 II. 124 133
40 25.5 34.0 42.5 5\.0 59.5 68.0 76.5 850 93.5 >02 III 119 128 136
41 26.1 34.' 43.6 52.3 61.0 69.7 18,4 87.1 95.8 10' 113 122 131 13'
.2 26.8 35.7 44 . 53.6 62.5 71.4 80.3 89.3 98.2 107 II. 12' 134 143
'3 27.4 36.6 45.7 54.8 64.0 73.1 82.2 91.4 101 110 119 128 137 146
44 28.1 37.4 46.8 56.1 65.5 74.8 .... 2 93.5 103 112 122 131 140 150
45 28.7 38.3 47.8 57.4 66.' 76.5 86.1 95.6 10' 115 12. 13' 143 153
.
46
47
49 '
29.3
30.0
30.6
31.2
39. 1
40.0
40.8
46.9
49.9
51.0
58.7
59.9
61.2
68.4
69.9
71.4
78.2
79.9
81.6
88.0 97.8 108
89.9 99.' 110
91.8 102 112
117
120
122
127
130
133
137
140
143
146
147
150
153
156
156
160
163
167
50
51
3 1.9
32.5
4\.7
42.5
43.4
52.1
54.2 ".0
62.5
53.1 63.8
72.9
74.4
75.9
83.3
85.0
86.7
93.7 104
95.6 106
97.5 108
"'
117
119
12'
128
130
13'
138
141
149
152
159
163
170
173
'2 33.2 44.2 55.3 66.3 77.4 88.4 99.' III 122 133 144 155 166 177
53 33.8 45.1 56.3 67.6 78.8 90.1 101 11 3 12' 135 146 158 169 180
54 34.4 45.9 138 149 161 172
55
56
35.1
35.7
46.8
47.6
57.4 68.'
58.4 70.1
59.5 71.4
80.3
81.8
83.3
91.8 103
93.5 10'
95.2 107
"'
117
119
126
129
131
140
143
152
155
164
167
175
17'
''''
187
190
57
58
36.3 .&,
49.3
60.6 72.7 ....8
86.3
96.' 109
98.6 111
121 133 14'
148
158
160
170 182
185
194
197
37.0 61.6 74.0 123 13. 173
50.2 87.8 100 113 151 163 176 188 201
"
60
37.6
38.3 51.0
62.7
63.8
75.2
76.5 89.3 102
"'
12'
128
138
140 153 166 179 191 204
61
62
63
38.'
39.5
40.2
51.9
52.7
53.6
...,
64.8 77.8
79.1
66.' 80.3
90.7 104
92.2 10'
93.7 107
117
119
121
130
132
13'
143
14'
147
156
,.,
158
169
171
17'
182
185
187
194
198
201
207
211
214
64 40.8 54.4 68.0 81.6 95.2 109 122 136 150 163 177 190 204 218
65 41.4 55.3 69.1 82.9 96.7 111 12. 138 152 166 180 193 207 221
66 42.1 56.1 70.1 .... 2 98.2 112 126 140 154 168 182 196 210 22.
67 42.7 57.0 71.2 85.' 99.7 11. 128 142 157 171 185 199 214 228
68 43.4 57.8 72.3 86.7 101 116 130 14' 159 173 188 202 217 231
69 44.0 58.7 73.3 " .0 103 117 132 147 161 176 191 20' 220 235
70 44 6 59.5 74.4 89.3 104 119 13. 14' 164 179 193 208 223 238
71 45.3 50.' 75.4 90.' 106 121 136 166 181 196 211 226 241
f 51
72 91.8 107 122 138 153 168 199 214 230
45.9 1 61.2 76.5
AMERIC;;AN INS TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUC;;TION

'''' 24'
83

POUNDS PER LINEAR FOOT
,..
Th ~kne$S. Inches
Wi dt h
y, ' Yo
- -" - J1 - " I Yo '"
-- --- '"
LJ..'
1--"- -
Yo Yo
"" ----
U'H . _1 -
73 46.5 62.1 77.6 93.1 109 124 140 155 171 186 202 217 233 248
74 47.2 62.9 78.6 94.4 110 126 142 157 173 189 204 220 236 252
75 47.8 63.8 79.7 95.6 112 128 143 159 175 191 207 223 23. 255
76 48.5 64.6 SO.8 96.' 113 129 145 162 178 194 210 226 242 258
77 49. 1 65.5 81.8 98.2 115 131 147 164 lSO 196 213 229 245 262
78 49.7 66.3 82.' 99.5 116 133 14. 166 182 199 216 232 249 265
7' 50.4 67.2 83.' 101 118 134 151 168 185 202 218 235 252 26.
SO 51.0 68.0 85.0 102 11. 136 153 170 187 204 221 238 255 272
81 51.6 68.' 86.1 103 121 138 155 172 18. 207 224 241 258 275
82 52.3 69.7 87. 1 105 122 13. 157 174 19'2 209 227 244 261 279
83 52.9 70.6 88.2 106 124 141 15. 176 194 212 229 247 265 282
84 53.6 71.4 89.3 107 125 143 161 17. 196 214 232 250 288 286
85 54.2 72.3 90.3 108 126 145 163 181 199 217 235 253 271 28'
86 54.8 73 .1 91.4 110 128 146 165 183 201 219 238 256 274 292
87 55.5 74.0 92.4 111 129 148 166 185 203 m 240 259 277 296
88 56.1 74.8 93.5 112 131 150 168 187 206 224 243 262 281 299
89 56.7 75.7 94.6 114 132 151 170 189 208 227 246 265 284 303
90 57.4 76.5 95.6 115 134 153 172 191 210 230 249 268 287 306
91 .......... 77.4 96.7 116 135 155 174 193 213 232 251 271 290 309
9'2 ... _..... 78.2 97.8 117 137 156 176 196 215 235 254 274 293 313
93 .......... 79.1 98.8 11. 138 158 178 198 217 237 257 277 296 316
94 .. -....... 79.9 99.' 120 140 160 lSO 200 220 240 260 2SO 300 320
95 .......... SO.8 101 121 141 162 182 202 m 242 262 283 303 323
96 .......... 81.6 102 122 143 163 184 204 224 245 265 286 306 326
98 .......... 83.3 104 125 146 167 187 208 229 250 271 292 312 333
100 .......... 85.0 106 128 14. 170 191 213 234 255 276 298 319 340
102 .......... 86.7 108 130 152 173 195 217 238 260 282 304 325 347
104 .......... 88.4 111 133 155 177 199 221 243 265 287 309 332 354
106 .......... 90.1 113 135 158 lSO 203 225 248 270 293 315 338 360
108 .-........ 91.8 115 138 161 184 207 230 253 275 298 321 344 367
110 .... ..... 93.5 117 140 164 187 210 234 257 281 304 327 351 374
112 .......... 95.2 11. 143 167 190 214 238 262 286 309 333 357 381
114 .......... 96.' 121 145 170 194 218 242 267 291 315 33. 383 388
116 .......... 98.6 123 148 173 197 m 247 271 296 321 345 370 394
118 ......... . 100 125 151 176 201 226 251 276 301 326 351 376 401
120 ......... . 102 128 153 179 204 230 255 281 306 332 357 383 "8
122 ....... .. 104 130 156 182 207 233 259 285 311 337 363 389 415
124 .. ..... . 105 132 158 185 211 237 264 290 31 6 343 369 395 422
126 .......... 1107 134 161 187 214 241 288 295 321 348 375 402 428
128 .......... 109 136 163 190 218 245 272 299 326 354 381 408 435

84
AREA OF RECTANGULAR SECTIONS

SQ U A RE I NCHES
'. '.
Tnjckr>&$S, I rl(:he.
Width
". -li " -li -- lL 16
.
3. 16
-){ -)0 ){ Ji ~ -1
11M
).
)0
'4
.047
.094
.141
.063
.125
.188
.078
.156
.234
1
.094
.188
.281
109
.219
.328
1
.125
.250
.375
.141
.281
.422
.156
.313
."' . .172
.344
.516
.188
. 375
.563
.203
.406
.609
.219
.438
.656
.234
."'
.250
.500
.703 .750
.
1 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .688 .750 .813 .875 .938 1.00
I J{ .234 .313 .391 .469 .547 .625 .703 .781 .859 .38 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25
1)0
1~
.281
.328
.375
.438
."'
.547
.563
.656
.656 .750 .844 .38 1.03 1. 13
.766 .875 .9&1 1.09 1.20 1.31
1.22
1.42
1.31
1.53
1.41
1.64
1.50
1.75
2 .375 .500 .625 .750 .875 1.00 1.13 1.25 1.38 1.50 1.63 1.75 1.88 2.00
2J:( .422 .563 .703 844 .9&1 1.13 1.27 \.4 1 1.55 1.69 1.83 1.97 2.11 2.25
2Ji ,469 .625 .781 .38 1.09 1.25 1.41 1.56 1.72 1.88 2.03 2.19 2.34 2.50
2'4 .516 .688 .859 1.03 120 1.38 1.55 1. 72 1.89 2.06 2.23 2.41 2.58 2.75
3 .563 .750 .'38 1.13 1.3 1 1.50 1.69 1.88 2.06 2.25 2.44 2.63 2.81 3.00
3Ji .609 .813 1.02 1.22 1.42 1.63 1.83 2.03 2.23 2. 44 2.64 2.84 3.05 3.25
3 Ji .656 .875 1.09 I 1.31 1.53 1.75 1.97 2.19 2.41 2.63 2.84 3.06 3.28 3.50
3~ .703 . 38 1.17 1.41 1.64 1.88 2.11 2.34 2.58 2.81 3.05 3.28 3.52 3.75
4 .750 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00
4 ){ .797 1.06 1.33 1.59 1.86 2.13 2.39 2.66 2.92 3. 19 3.45 3.72 3.98 4.25
4 Ji .844 1.13 1.4 1 1.69 1.97 2.25 2.53 2.81 3.09 3.38 3.66 3.94 4.22 4.50
4'4 .691 1.19 1.48 1.78 2.09 2.38 2.67 2.97 3.27 3.56 3.86 4 .16 4.45 4.75
.38 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.19 2.50 2.81 3.13 3.44 3.75 4.06 4.38 4.69 '.00
5}{ . 84 1.31 1.64 1.97 2.30 2.63 2.95 3.28 3.61 3.94 4. 27 4.59 4.9'2 5.25
')0 1.03 1.38 1.72 2.06 2.41 2.75 3.09 3.44 3.78 4.13 4.47 4.81 5. 16 '.50
5U 1.08 1.44 1.80 2.16 2.52 2.88 3.23 3.59 3.95 4.31 4.67 5.03 5.39 5.75
6 1. 13 1.50 1.88 2.25 2.63 3.00 3.38 3.75 4.13 4.50 4.88 5.25 5.63 6.00
6U 1.17 1.56 1.95 2.34 2.73 3.13 3.52 3.91 4.30 4.69 5.08 5.47 '.86 6.25
6Ji 1.22 1.63 2.03 2.44 2.84 3.25 3.66 4.06 4.47 4.88 5.28 5.69 609 6.50
6~ 1.27 1.69 2.10 2.53 95 3 38 3.80 4.22 4.64 5.06 5.48 5.91 6.33 6.75
2. 1 .
7 1.31 1.75 2. 19 2.63 3.06 3.50 3.94 4.38 4.81 5.25 5.69 6.13 6.56 7.00
7~ 1.36 1.81 2.27 2.n 3. 17 3.63 4.08 4.53 4.98 5.44 5.89 6.34 6.80 7.25
7 Ji 1.41 1.88 2.34 2.81 3.28 3.75 4.22 4.69 5.16 5.63 6.09 6.56 7.03 7.50
7~ 1.45 1.94 2.42 2.91 3.39 3.88 4.36 4.84 5.33 5.81 6.30 6.78 7.27 7 .75
8 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 '.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00
8Ji 1.55 2.06 2.58 3.09 3.61 4.13 4.64 5.16 5.67 6.19 6.70 7.22 7.73 e.25
8Ji 1.59 2.13 2.66 3.19 3.72 4.25 4.78 5.31 5.84 6.38 6.91 7.44 7.97 8.50
8.!4 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.38 4.9'2 5.47 6.02 6.56 7.11 7.66 8.20 8.75
1.69 2.25 2.81 3.38 3.94 4.50 5.06 '.63 6.19 6.75 7.31 7.88 8.44 '.00
9Ji 1.73 2.3\ 2.89 3.47 4.05 4.63 5.20 5.78 6.36 6.94 7.52 8.09 8.67 9.25
')0 1.78 2.38 2.97 3.56 4. 16 4.75 5.34 5.94 6.53 7.13 7.72 8.31 8.91 '.50
9U 1. 83 1 2 .44 3.05 3.66 4.27 4.88 5.48 6.09 6.70 7.31 7.9'2 8.53 9.14 9.75
10 1 1.88 2.50 3.13 3.75 4.38 5.00 5.63 6.25 6.88 7.50 8.13 6.75 9.36 110.00
AMERICAN INST I TUTE O F S T EEL CONSTRUCT I ON

85

SQUARE INCHES
,.
Widl/l
1011
..
1.92
li
2.56
'.
3.20
'j
3.84
'.
4.48

5.13
Thor;k_ .......,.
'. ". ".

5.77
ji
6.41 7.05
li
7.69 '.33
1i
8.97
I~"
,
--
9.61 '''25
'0 1.97 2.63 3.28 3.94 4.59 5.25 5.91 6.56 7.22 7.88 '.53 9.19 9.84 10.50
'Oli 2.02' 2.69 3.36 4.03 4.70 5.38 6.05 6.72 7.39 '.06 8.73 9.41 10.08 10.75
11 2.06 2.75 3.... 4. 13 4.8\ 550 6.19 6.88 7.56 8.25 '.94 9.63 10.3\ 11.00
111 .. 2.11 2.81 3.52 4.22 4.92 5.63 1 6.33 7.03 7.73 '.44 9.14 9.84 10.55 11.25
11 2.16 2.88 3.59 4.31 5.03 5.75 6.47 7.19 7.91 8.63 9.34 10.06 10.78 11.50
11 ~ 2.20 2.94 3.67 4.41 5.14 5.88 6.61 7.34 8.08 8.81 9.55 10.28 11.02 '1.75
12 2.25 3.00 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 8.25 9.00 9.75 10.50 11.25 12.00
12 2.34 3.13 3.91 4.69 5.47 6.25 7.03 7.81 8.59 9.38 10.16 10.94 11.72 12.50
4.06 4.88 6.50 9.75 10.56 11.38 12. 19
" 2.44
,, 2.53
2.63
3.25
3.38
3.50
4.22
4.38
5.06
5.69
5.91 6.75
7.00
7.31
7.59
7.88
8.13
8.44
8.94
9.28 10. 13 10.97 11.81 12.66
9.63 10.50 11.38 12.25 13. 13
13.00
13.50
"
,, 2.72 3.63 4.53
5.25
5.44
6.13
6.34 7.25 8.16

8.75
9.06 9.97 10.88 11.78 12.69 13.~

14.00
14.50
15 2.81 3.75 4.69 5.63 6.56 7.50 8.44 9.38 10.31 11.25 12.19 13.13 14.06 15.00
15 2.91 3.88 4.84 5.81 6.78 7.75 8.72 9.69 10.66 11.63 12.59 13.56 14.53 15.50
'6 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00
'6)i 3.09 4.13 5.16 6.19 7.22 8.25 9.28 10.31 11.34 12.38 1341 14.44 15.47 16.50
17 3.19 4.25 5.31 6.38 7." 8.50 9.56 10.63 11.69 12.75 13.81 14.88 15.94 17.00
17 3.28 4.38 5.47 6.56 7.66 8.75 9.84 10.94 12.03 13.13 14.22 15.31 16.41 17.50
'8 3.38 4.50 5.63 6.75 7.88 9.00 10.13 11.25 12.38 13.50 14.63 15.75 16.88 18.00
'8)i 3.<47 4.63 5.78 6.94 8.09 9.25 10.41 11.56 12.72 13.88 15.03 16.19 17.34 18.50
'9 3.56 4.75 5.94 7. 13 8.3\ 9.50 10.69 11.88 13.06 14.25 15.44 16.63 17.81 19.00
19)i 3.66 4.88 6.09 7.3\ 8.53 9.75 10.97 12.19 \3.41 14.63 15.84 17.06 18.28 19.50
20 3.75 5.00 6.25 7.50 8.75 10.00 11.25 12.50 13.75 15.00 16.25 17.50 18 .75 20.00
2O)i 3.84 5.13 6.41 7.69 8.97 10.25 11 .53 12.8\ 14.09 15.38 16.66 17.94 19.22 20.50
21 3.94 5.25 6.56 7.88 9.19 10.50 11.81 15.75 17.06 18.38 19.69 21.00
5.38 6.72 8.06 9.41 10.75 12.09
""1"44
13.44 14.78 16.13 17.47 18.81 20.16 21.50
21 1 4.03
22 4.13 5.50 6.88 8.25 9.63 11.00 12.38 13.75 15.13 16.50 17.88 19.25 20.63 22.00
22M 4.22 5.63 7.03 844 9.84 11.25 12.66 14.1)6 15.47 16.88 18.28 19.69 21.09 22.50
23 4.31 5.75 7.19 8.63 10.06 11.50 12.94 14.38 15.81 17.25 18.69 20.13 21.56 23.00
23)i 4.4 1 1 5.88 7.34 8.81 10.28 11.75 13.22 14.69 16.16 17.63 19.09 20.56 22.03 23.50
24 4.50 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.50 12.00 13.50 15.00 16.50 18.00 19.50 21.00 22.50 24.00
25 4.69 6.25 7.81 9.38 10.94 12.50 14.06 15.63 17.19 18.75 20.31 21.88 23.44 25.00
26 4.88 6.50 8.13 9.75 11.38 13.00 14.63 16.25 17.88 19.50 21.13 22.75 24.38 26.00
27 5.06 6.75 8.44 10.13 11.81 13.50 15.19 16.88 18.56 20.25 21.94 23.63 25.31 27.00
28 5.25 7.00 8.75 10.50 12.25 14.00 15.75 17.50 19.25 21.00 22.75 24.50 26.25 28.00
29 5.44 7.25 9.06 10.88 12.69 14.50 16.31 18.13 19.94 21.75 23.56 25.38 27.19 29.00
30 5.63 7.50 9.38 11.25 13.13 15.00 16.88 18.7520.63 22.50 124.38 26.25 28.13 30.00
31 5.81 7.75 9.69 11.63 13.56 15.50 17.44 19.38 21.31 23.25 25.19 27.13 29.06 31.1XI
32 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00
A M ERICAN INSTITUTE O F STEEL CONjIi;TRUCTlON
86

SQUARE INCHES
W,dth
'".
3J 6.19 8.25 10.31 12.38 14.44 16.50 18.56 20.63 22.69 24.75 26.81 28.88 30.94 33.00
34 6.38 8.50 10.63 12.75 14.88 17.00 19.13 21.25 23.38 25.50 27.63 29.75 31.88 34.00
35 6.56 8.75 10.94 13.13 15.31 17.50 19.69 21.88 24.06 26.25 28.44 30.63 32.81 35.00
36 6.75 9.00 11.25 13.50 15.75 18.00 20.25 22.50 24.75 27.00 29.25 31.50 33.75 36.00
37 6.94 9.25 11.56 13.88 16.19 18.50 20.81 23.1325.44 27.75 30.06 32.38 34.69 37.00
38 7.13 9.50 1\.88 14.25 16.63 19.00 21.38 23.75 26.13'26.50 30.88 33.25 35.63 38,00
39 7.31 9.75 12.19 14.63 17.06 19.50 21.94 24.38 26.81 29.2531.6934.1336.56 39.00
40 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 17.50 20.00 22.50 25.00 27.50 30.00' 32.50 35.00 37.50 40.00
41 7.69 10.25 12.81 15.38 17.94 20.50 23.06 25.63 28.19 30.75 33.31 35.88 38.44 41.00
42 7.88 10.50 13.13 15.75 18.3821.00 23.63 26.25 28.88 31.50 34.13 36.75 39.38 42.00
43 8.06 10.75 13.44 16.13 18.81 21.50 24.19 26.88 29.56 32.25 34.94 37.63 40.31 43.00
44 8.25 11.00 13.75 16.50 19.25 22.00 24.75 27.50 30.25 33.00 35.75 38.50 41.25 44.00
1
45 8.44 11.25 14.06 16.88 19.69 22.50 25.31 28.1330.94 33.75 36.56 39.38 42.19 45.00
46 8.63 11.50 14.38 17.25 20.13 23.00 25.88 28.75 31.63 34.50 37.38 40.25 43.13 46.00
47 8.81 11.75 14.69 17.63 20.56 23.50 26.44 29.38 32.31 35.2538.19 141.1344.06 47.00
48 9.00 12.00 15.00 18.00 21.00 24.00 27.00 30.00 33.00 36.00 39.00 42.00 45.00 48.00
49 9.19 12.25 15.31 18.38 , 21.44 24.50 27.56 ~30.63

33.69 36.75 39.81 42.88 45.94 49.00
50 9.38 12.SO 15.63 18.75,21.88 25.00 28.13 31.25 34.38 37.SO 40.63 43.75 46.88 )().OO
51 9.56 12.75 15.94 19.13 22.31 25.50 28.69 31.88 35.06 38.25 41.44 44.63 47.81 51.00
52 9.75 13.00 16.25 19.50 22.75 26.00 29.25 32.SO 35.75 39.00 42.25 45.50 48.75 52.00
53 9.94 13.25 16.56 19.88 23.19 26.50 29.81 33.13 36.44 39.75 43.06 46.38 49.69 53.00
54 10.13 13.SO 16.88 20.25 23.63 27.00 30.38 33.75 37.13 40.50 43.88 47.25 SO.63 54.00
55 10.31 13.75 17.19 20.63 24.06 27.50'30.94 34.3837.81 41.2544.6948.1 3 51.56 55.00
1
56 10.50 14.00 117.50 21.00 24.50 28.00 31.50 35.00 38.50 42.00 45.50 49.00 52.50 56.00
57 10.69 14.25 17.81 21.38 24.94 28.SO 32.06 35.63 39.19 42.75 46.31 49.88 53.44 57.00
58 10.88 14.50 18.13 21.75 25.38 29.00 32.63 36.25 39.88 43.50 47.13 50.75 54.38 58.00
59 11.06 14.75 1 18.44 22.13 25.81 29.50 33.19 36.88 140.56 44.25 47.94 51.63 55.31 59.00
60 11.25 15.00 18.75 22.50 26.25 30.00 33.75 37.50 41.25 45.00 48.75 1 52.SO 56.25 60.00
61 11.44 15.25 19.06 22.88 26.69 3O.SO 34.31 38.13 41.94 45.75 49.56 53.38 57.19 61.00
62 11.63 15.50 19.38 23.25 27.13 31.00 34.88 38.7542.63 46.SO 50.38 54.25 58.13 62.00
63 11.81 15.75 19.69 23.63 27.56 31.SO 35.44 39.3843.31 47.2551.1955.1359.06 63.00
1
64 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 44.00 48.00 52.00 56.00 60.00 64.00
65 12.19 16.25 20.31 24.38 28.44 32.SO 36.56 40.63 144.69 48.75 52.81 56.88 60.94 65.00
66 12.38 16.50 20.63 24.75 28.88 33.00 37.13 41.25 45.38 49.50 53.63 57.75 61.88 66.00
67 12.56 16.75 20.94 25.13 29.31 33.50 37.69 41.88 46.06 SO.25 54.44 58.63 62.81 67.00
68 12.75 17.00 21.25 25.50 29.75 34.00 38.25 42.SO 46.75 51.00 55.25 59.50 63.75 68.00
69 12.94 17.25 21.56 25.88 30.19 34.SO 38.81 43.13 47.44 51.75 56.06 60.38 64.69 69.00
70 13.13 17.SO 21.88 26.25 30.63 35.00 39.38 43.75 48.13 52.50 56.88 61.25 65.63 70.00
71 13.31 17.75 22.19 26.63 31.06 35.SO 39.94 44.38 48.81 53.2557.6962.13 66.56 71.00
1
72 13.SO 18.00 22.SO 27.00 31.50 36.00 40.50 45.00 49.50 54.00 58.50 63.00 67.SO 72.00
1
A .... E:R1C ... N INSTITUTE: OF STE:E:L. CONSTRUC T ION
87

SQUAR E INC HES
Width _ _ __ Tllick"8#. r""h<ls,---~_ _ _ _~_ _ _ _ __
~ 91~ %
- ., -~4- - - ~ 1 ~1tI
'". _ ,_,,_ _._
l.f._ 5 15 71&
-11{6 13 16
- --
73 13.69 18.25 22.81 27.38 31.94 36.59 41.06 45.63 SO.19 54.75 59.31 63.88 68.44 73.00
74 13.88 18.50 23.13 27.75 32.38 37.00 41.63 46.2550.88 55.50 60.13 64.75 69.38 74.00
75 14.06 18.75 23.44 28.13 32.81 37.5042.1946.88 51.56 56.25 60.94 65.63 70.31 75.00
76 14.25 19.00 23.75 28.50 33.25 38.00 42.75 47.50 52.25 57.00 61.75 66.50 71.25 76.00
77 14.44 19.2524.06 28.88 ' 33.6938.5043.31 48.13 52.94 57.75 62.56 67.38 72.19 77.00
78 14.63 19.50 24.38 29.25 34.13 39.00 43.88 48.7553.63 58.SO 63.38 68.25 73.13 78.00
79 14.81 19.75 24.69 29.63 34.56 39.50 44.44 49.38 54.31 59.25 64.19 69.13 74.06 79.00
80 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 SO.OO
81 15.1920.2525.31 30.3835.44 40.50 45.56 SO.63 55.69 60.75 65.81 70.88 75.94 81.00
82 15.38 20.50 25.63 30.75 35.88 41.00 46.13 51.25 56.38 61.50 66.63 71.75 76.88 82.00
83 15.56 20.75 25.94 31.1336.31 41.SO 46.6951.88 57.06 62.25 67.44 72.63 77.81 83.00
84 15.75 21.00 26.25 31.50 36.75 42.00 47.25 52.50 57.75 63.00 68.25 73.50 78.75 84.00
85 15.94 21.25 26.56 31.88 37.19 42.50 147.8153.1358.44 63.75 69.06 74.38 79.69 85.00
86 16.1321.50 26.88 32.25 37.63 43.00 48.38 53.7559.13 164.50 69.88 75.25 80.63 86.0:)
87 16.31 21.75 27.19 32.63 38.06 43.50 48.94 54.38 59.81 65.25 70.69 76.13 . 81.56 87.00
88 16.50 22.00 27.50 33.00 38.50 44.00 49.50 55.00 60.50 66.00 71.50 77.00 82.SO 88.00
89 16.69 22.25 27.81 33.38 38.94 44.50 SO.06 55.63 61.19 66.75 n.31 77.88.1 83.44 89.00
90 16.88 22.50 28.13 33.75 39.38 45.00 SO.63 56.25 61.88 67.50 73.13 78. 751 84 .38 90.00
91 22.75 28.44 34.13 39.81 45.5051.1956.88 62.56 68.25 73.94 79.63 85.31 91.00
92 23.00 28.75 34.50 40.25 46.00 51.75 57.50 63.25 169.00 74.75 80.50 86.25 92.00
93 _.. 23.25 29.06 34.88 40.69 46.50 52.31 58.13 63.94 69.75 75.56 81.38 87.19 93.00
94 ........ 23.50 29.38 35.25 41.13 47.00 52.88 58.75 64.63 70.50 76.38 82.25 88.13 94.00
1
95 ......... 23.7529.6935.6341.56 47.50 53.44 59.38 65.31 71.25 77.19 83.13 89.06 95.00
96 24.00 30.00 36.00 42.00 48.00 54.00 60.00 66.00 72.00 78.00 84.00 90.00 96.00
98 24.50 30.63 36.75 42.88 49.00 55.13 61.25 67.38 73.50 79.63 85.75 91.88 98.00
100 25.00 31.25 37.50 43.75 SO.OO 56.25 62.SO 68.75 75.00 81.25 87.50 93.75100.00
102 25.50 31.88 38.25 44.6351 .00 57.38 163.75 70.13 76.50 82.88 89.25 95.63 102.00
104 26.00 1 32.50 39.00 45.50 52.00 58.SO , 65.00 171.50 , 78.00 84.50 91.00 97.50 104.00
106 - ..... 26.50 33.13 39.75 46.38 53.00 59.63 66.25 72.88 79.50 86.13 92.75 99.38 106.00
lOS 27.00 33.75 40.50 47.25 54.00 60.75 67.SO 74.25 81.00 87.75 94.50 101.25 108.00
110 ..... - 27.50 34.38 41.25 48.1355.00 61.88 68.7575,63 82.SO 89.38 96.25103.13~ 110.00
112 28.00 35.00 42.00 49.00 56.00 63.00 70.00 77.00 84.00 91.00 98.00 105.00 112.00
"'
116 .....
118 ....
._... 28.50 35.63
29.00 36.25
29.50 36.88
42.75
43.50
44.25
49.88
SO.75
51.63
57.00
58.00
59.00
64.13
65.25
66.38
71.25
72.50
73.75
78.38
79.75
81.13
85.50
87.00
88.50
92.63 99.75106.88114.00
94.25101.50 108.75116.00
95.88103.25110.63118.00
12<) .... _. 30.00 , 37.50 45.00 52.50 60.00 67.50 75.00 82.50 90.00 97.50 105.00 112.50 120.00
,
122 1"_"_ 30.50 38.13 45.75 53.38 61.00 68.63 76.2583.88 91.SO 99.13106.75114.38122.00
124 ..... . 31.00 38.75 46.50 54.25 62.00 69.75 77.SO 85.25 93.00 100.75108,50 116.25124.00
126 ... , 3 1.50 39.38 4725 55.13 63.00 70.88 78.7586.63 94.50 102.38110.251\8.13126.00
128 32.00 40.00 48.00 56.00 64.00 n.oo 80.00 88.00 96.00 104.00111 2.00 120.00 128.00
AMERICAN INST I TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

B8
AMERIC",,"" IN ST ITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

89
SECTION MODULUS TABLE

FOR SECTIONS USED AS BEAMS
The following table is j>resented as an aid to designers. so that, knowing the reo
quired section modulus. they may conveniently select the particular sections they wish
to specify.
This table includes standard beams and channels. wide flange beams. special beams
rolled on standard structural mills, light beams as rolled on wide fi.~nge mills and other
miscel!anoous sections.
These various structural sections are induded as conditions governing the design
may be such that anyone of the above mentioned types fTmy be chosen.
The sections shown opposite any or all the values given in the section modulus
column, are arranged in the order of their economy in weight, from the lightest to the
heaviest available section. This table not only includes the lightest of each t ype of
section for a given section modulus but also the most ec.:onomical for lesser available
depths.
Any section chosen from this table must be properly secured against yielding side-
ways and must have a web of sufficient strength to resist the maximum shear. Proper
provision must also be made for eccentricity or any other special conditions of loading.
In this table the following symbols are used

- American Standard Eye Beams Rolled by all structural mills.
u _ American Standard Channels Rolled by all structural mills.
\IF - Wide Flange Beams Rolled only by Bethlehem Steel Company
and Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation.
B Miscellaneous Beams Rolled by Bethlehem Steel Company or
Carnegie-lI1inois Steel Corporation.
M - Miscellaneous Beams Rolled by Carnegie-Illinois Steel Cor
poration. The Phoenix Iron Company,
or the Inland Steel Company.
AMERICAN IN STI T UTE A N D STEEL CO N STRUC T ION

90

, , I , ,
-' 1-
'
Section
,-,
ModuJ ..
I .~~-
" "
1105.1 ,"W',,"
1031.2 ,"W',""
951. 1 ,"W',,"
911.7 36W"250
87:\6 J6W"240
835.5 ,"W'm
811.1 36W"2JO 33W"'240
740.6 ,33W"220 .
"".. 33W"210
669.6 "W'~
36W"194 "W'~
""'
649.9 36W"I94 "W'~ 3QW"210
621,2 36W"182 33W'"200 ' 3OW210'
...,
611.6
579.1
36Wl82 "W'~ "W'~
36W"I82 3OW"190
36Wl70 30Wl90
1
36W'"170 lOW"ISO
""
5011.0 36Wl60 I30Wl80
"'., 36I.'F160 lOW"ln
~., 36W"150 lOWI12
-.......
492.8
452.9
36\'F150 JOW"l12 27W"ln
J61r'F 150 33Wl52 3OW"112 'l7Wl77
36W150 33W"152 27W"1&3
33W141 127Wl &3

I
427.8 3lW"Hl 27W"1!i4

413.5 33W 132 27W"1!i4 ,24W"160
""-, 33W"I32 27W"H5 24W'"160
"'.. 33WI32 27W"145 24W"150
385.1 33W"125 27W'" H 5 24W"100
319.1 33W125 3OW l l2 27W"145 24 Wl 00
"'., 33 W"1 25 3OWl32]24W"HO

"'., 3O Wl24 124Wl40
I
A M E RI CAN IN S TI T UTE 01' S T EEl.. CON STRUCTI O N
91

, , , , ,
J
Section
ModulUl
'rICh ...
" "
,.,., lO\\F1201 204VFI30
321.9 3OVF116 24VF1 3O

317,2 JOWIIS 24W"130 21 \!!F142
",., lOW-loe 21VF114 2<!W"120 21WH'2
2n.2
.. lOW"IOll 27VF114 2-4W120 21W"132
27W"106 2<lVF1'20 21W"lJ2
214.~ 27VF1OG 24VFll0 21W132
212.5 j27VF106. 24VF110 21 VFlr.!
,~,
27VF 98 24WllC1 21W"122
27W" 98 24VF1IG 24 I 120 2 1 '>'F122

""
249.6 27VF 98 : 24W"110 21W112 ~ ,~
,
~., 27VF 98 ;24Wloo 21W112 ,~
"
'lU.O 27W" 98 ,24Wl00 21W'112 '24
239.0 27VF 98i24Wl00 24 I '10;21W112,laW"l24
'"
"'.3 'l7VF 98 24Wl00 2~ 1100,9 21W112 18W'1~
' Z711'F 91 2o!VFlOO 24 I 1(15.9 21 VF112 lBWl24

""
m.' 27W 91 24W 94 24110~9 21W112 18Wl24
m., 27W 91 ' 24W IH 241105.921W112 18W114
216.0 UW91
"'" ~ 241105'l~IVFI12 18W11. 14W136
~'" "
213.1 27W' 91 21W"103 241105.9 16W114 114Wl36
"'.3 'J4.W 87 21W"IOJ 241105.9 18W"114 14W"136

",.., 2<4W' 87 21W103 24 I 105.9 lSW105 14W"127
197.4 24VF 87 21W 96 24 1100 18Wl05 16W1H 14W"127
'},4W 87 21W' 96 18W'105 16W'11~ HW'127
191.8
" "
189.4
18~8 I"'" ",'" ""
24W' 80 ' '},4
21W' 96 18W'105 16W'114
21W" 96 ISW'IGS 16W'114 1~W'119

1~W'119
,....
21W' 96 18W' 96 16W'114 14 W'119
., "
1&1.~ VoW' 80 Vo
1~W'119
~'" 21W' 89 ~ 18W' 96 16W'114
"
181.7
180.0
..~"'
"'" ., '" " "
21 W 89
"
21W' 89 18 W
18W' 96 16W'105 14W'119
96 16W'105 HW'119
176.3 VOW 80 Vo 1 85 21W 89 18W 96 16W'105 14W"111

173.9 '},4 I 79.9IVo W' 80 21 W" 89 18W 96 1\;W'105 14W"111
A M ERICA N I N STITU T E 01'" STEEL CO N S TR UCT IO N

92

,
Seclion
, , , , , , , ,
Mod"I".
I " ---
"
..
- - - --- --_.
Inch.'
--_. - 1 ._--
" ,
24W"14 ~., 21WPJJ 18'#'96 16W'105 14W"111
168.0 ",
24W"14 ~, 21W82 laW'96 16W"105 \4W"111
2iW7. " 21Wll2 lBW"96

166.1
'" m
24W"74
~.,
21Wrn laW96
16YF 96 '4W"111
16W 96 20 , '00 ,4W1l 1
l&U
24W74
'" ~., 21WII2 18W96 !61N'" 96 20 , '00 I4W103 12W"120
"'" VlW1. '" ~., 21W"82 20 I 95 laW 96 16W" 96 14W"103 12W"' 20
"""
,"-, VoW1. '" 21W82 16W" 96 14W1OJ \2W I 20
" '"
~., ISWS5
VOW14 '" , 16W 96 14W"103 12W'120
IM.O
"
~., 21W"82 laW'Sli
"''''
lawS!>
.
'YoW7. 21W'a2 16W-88
U1.3
,,., 21W73 '" ,
~.,
~., 18W85 16Was

'" '"
90 14W" 95 12VFl20
14W"103 12W12O
,, 21W73 ", ~., 18W85 '"

16V1' 811 HW" 95 12W"120
146.6 21W73 ", ~., 81
"'" 16W"88 ' 4W" 95 12W12O
" , '" 18"""85
1~.5 21'VF13 ~., 11.4 laWss 16W" 83 '4W 95 12W"106

141.7 21W73 "lawn '" ~., , 81.4 16W"88 ,.W 95 12W"100
139.9 21W"U lawn '" , ~.,

" 8 1.4 16W" 88 ,.W 95 12W"106
21 W'68 lawn " ~.,
'" , Bl .4 14W 87 12W"106
138.1
lawn
'" , ",
134.7 21W"68 ~., 8U WN'1I7 12W 99
130.9 ",
21W68 18 ...... 77 ~.,
" 81.4 14W" 84 12W" 99
1211.2 21W6I$ 18W"70 ", ~.,
'" , 11.4 14W" &4 12 W 99
1'27.8 21Wt>J 18W"70

"
16W"78
",
~ ~., 20 I 81.414W" 114 12W" 99
126.3 21W"63 18W"to 14W" 114 12W" '
125.0 21 W"t>J 18W"ro '" " 16W"78

16W"78 14 W" 114 12W" 92
121.4 , ro '" "
18W"to 16W"78 14W" &4 12W" 92
121.1
21W"t>J j 20
21W"63 20 , ro 18 W"70 16W"78 14W" 78 12W" 92
,
119.3 21W"~ , ro 18W"70 16W"78 14W" 78 12 W" 92

117.0 21W"59
"lBW"54 20 I 65.4 16W"78 14W" 78 12W" 9:!
1
11!>.7 21W~ 18W54 20 I M.4 16W"71 HW"78 12W M
112.3
101.1
104.2
21W59 18W"54
21W~
21W"~
18W64
18W64
:::f::: :::::
16W 64
12W" 85 10Wl00
I?W 79 10Wl00
20 I &5. 4 14W" 74 12W 79 10W"100
I
I" ...
"'" I "W~21 W ~
18W64 16W64 20 I &5.4 14W liS 12W 79 10W"100
, ro 12W' 79 10W'100
101.9 18W64 16W 64 14W' 68
'"
AMERICAN IN S TITUTE 0 ... STEEI_ CONSTRUCTION
93

FOR S EC TIONS US ED AS BEAMS
, , , "
"
9U 21W"M1 laW"54 16W64 20 I 6M 14"""68 18 I 10 12W"1'9 Iowa
9112 laW'" 16W"64 '20 I M,4 ,4W"68 18 I 70 12W"79 IOW89
97.5 laWIS 16W"64 18 I 65 14W"68 1'2"""72 IGW89
f4.1 IIW'M laW-51 18 I 65 w,v68 ,2wn IOW89
113.1 laW" ,aWN 18 I 60 14"""68 12"""72 IOW'89

92.2 laW"" IIWN 18 I 60 14W61 12W"72 tGW"89
&1.11 laW"" 16 ......158 11 60 14W61 12W"72 15 I 18 10W 89
89.0 18W'15Q 16W'!III 18 I 60 14W'81 12...... 72 15 I 75 10W89
81.4 18WI5O 18 ~.7 1' ...... 51 14'/"'61 ,2wn 15 1 15 IOW89

88.0 18WMJ 18 I 64.7 !awee "''''F81 ,2W65 15 I 10 IOW 89
116.1 18 ...... 50 18 I 64.7 la'NY W..... a! '2W66 1.5 I 10 lown
MJI law-so 11 114.7 18WIII '4W"81 12W"604 15 I 70 lown
85.0 18"""150" 64.7 laW51 14W"!iI 12W64 15 I 70 town

&U IIW50 II I 114.7 18WM I4W!iI 12"""64 15 I 55 lown
82.3 1,W"41 II I 54.716"""111 14W'MI 12W"64 18 I 55 lown
.u
... ,,
laW.] 18 I &4.1 16W5e '."""58 16 I 6O.812W'64 lown
1' ....... 7 18......150 "I 15 I 6O.8!12W64 lown

"W47 11W'15O 11 15 I 6O.812W64 10wn
78.1 'IW47 !6Waa 18 54.714"""58 12WM 15 I 6O.lIoW"n
71.J "'lF4' ,OW"5O 14W~ 18 ~.7 12W!III IS I 6O.1IOWn
74.S IIW47 16W&O 14W~ II ~.7 12WM 18 U!III IS I 60.8 town

73.7 IIW47 16W&O 14W~ 18 ~.7 12W!II tau 58 Hi I 6O.B I'0W'"oo
n.4 16W4S 14W63 '81 e-I.7 '2W!II 18U!18 '5 oo.I IOW'"OO
70.1 16W45 14W~ 12W~ '8 e-I.1 18 U!18 15 6O.ItoW'"66
70.2 !6W45 14W48 12W!IJ 18 SOI.7 18U!18 15 6O.81OW'"OO

69.1 16W45 14YF48 lau 51.' 12W!>l 18! 64.715 6O.810W'"66
67.1 16W45 14YF4I lau 5!.9 12W!IJ 18 I e-I.7'5 M 10W'"66
67.1 16W45 14W4I leu 51.9 12YF~ 18 64.715 ~ 'OW60
64.1 16W45 14YF41 12W50 !IU 51.9'1 54.715 M ,0W'"60

64.~ 16W4(I 141o'F4I !2W&O U! &0 llU 5!.910W60
611 16W4O lau 45.1 14YF4I 12YF50 15 I 50 10W60
62.1 16W4(I 14W43 lau 4S.1 12W50 1$ I 50 10W60
A M I!R I C"N IN ST IT U T E 0,. STEEL CON STR UCTI O N

94

FOR SECTIONS USED AS BEA MS
Mod<Ilua
MM
1I'ICh00'
------
1 '2
---
3
I-J 4
---
I
.5 ,
1-'- '" "
61.0 16W40 18W 42.7 14W4J 12VF!>O 15 I 50 10YF60
60.7 16W4(I 141'F42 18U 42.7 12YFOO 15 150 10YF60
~ .. 16\\"40 HW'.:! 18U42.7115 I 45 12W.!oO 10W'"54 8W'"17
M.' 16W40 HW"42 18U42.7115 I 42.912W!>o IOW'"54 8W'"67
..., 16WoI{) lH.....2 18U42.7I'1> I 42.912W"45 IOW'"54 8W'"67

57.2 16W40 14W42 18U 42.1115 I 42.9 12W'"45 IOW'"54 151.1S5 8W'"61
"., 16W'"36 HW'"42 181.142.115 I 429 12W'"45

1
i
IOW'"!i4 151.1 S5 SW61
M.' 16W'"36 HW'"38 18U 42.7 15 I 429 '2W'"O 10W'"49 15US5 SW61
~.6 16W'"J6 14W"38 18U 42.7 15 I 42.'12W"45 lOW., 15u 50 8VF67

53.2 16W35 HW38 lIU42.7151.2.912W45 IOW4' 15U.!oO 12 I 55 8W!i8
51.9 16W"36 ,. ....... 38 12W"40 1'U42.1151.2.910W"49 16U50 12155 8W"58
50.9 16'#'36 15 M J6 1.W"38 12W40 18 U 42.7 15 I 4'2.810W49 15 u 50 12 1 55 ,W67
50.3 16W"36 15 M 36 14W38 lZW40 18U 42.7 15 I .2.910W49 12 1 50 15u.!oll 8W!i8

49.8 1SW36 15M36 14W"38 12W40 18W42.7151.2.915U45 IOW4' 12 I!>II aW!i8
49.1 16W36 15 M 36 14W'38 12W"40 18'-'42.715 I 42.915U45 10W"45 12 I 50 8W58
48.7 15M33 16W36 14W38 lZW"40 18u42.715 I 42.915U45 I (1W45 12150 aWM
48.5 15M33 HW'"34 12"""40 IS1.142.715I 42.915U45 10"""45 12150 SW~
47.3 15M 33 14W'"34 12W'"40 18U42.7151 42.915U45 12145 IOW45 8W'"~
'16.2 15 M 33 14W'"34 12W'"40 151.140 15 I 42.912 I 45 10W'"45 8W58

4S,g 15M 33 14 ...... 34 12 ...... 36 151.140 15 I 42.9 12 I 45 10W'"45 8W~
4s'2 15M 33 HW'"34 14 M34 12 ...... 36 15U40 15142.912145 10 ...... 45 8 ...... ~

44.8 15M33 H'lF34 HM34 12 ...... 36 15U40 12 I 40.810'IF45 a'IF~
44.5 15M33 14'IF34 HM34 12'IF36 151.140 12 I 4O.810W41 8'IF~
43.2 15M 33 HW'"34 14 M 34 12'IF36 151.140 121 4O.810'IF41 a'IF48
42.5 14M30 14'IF34 151.135 12'IF36 12 I 4O.810W41 8W'"48

41 .8 14'IF3O 14M3O 15U13.912'IFJ6 121 4O.810W41 8W'"48
40. 7 14'IF3O 14 M 30 12'IF32 15 U 33.9 12 I 40.8 IO'IF41 8'IF48
311.9 l4'IF3O 14M30 12W'"32 15U33.9 IOW'"37 12 I 40.8 8'IF48
37.8 14WJO 14M30 12'IF32 15U33.912 135 IOWl1 8W48

36.0 14W30 14 M 30 12 1 31.8 12W32 15 U 35.9 IOW37 8W'"48
35.6 12W2a 14 MlO 12131.8 15U 33.9 10W17 8W40
35.0 12W'"28 14MlO 12131.8 lOWl) 151.133.9 8W'"40
A M ERICAN INSTITU T E OF' STEEL CONSTRUCTION

95

FOR SECTIONS USED AS BEA MS
Section , ,
MDdul ...
'nch.' --'-'-1--'--,--'-- --'--'--'- - --,--' " "
,., 12W28 I4M lO 12 I 31.1 '01o'F33 1SU33.98W40 12u40
,., 12"'F28 12 M '28 12 I 31.8 1 IOW'33 I~U33.9 eW40 12U40
31.6 12W28 12 M 28 12 I 31.8 10W33 15 u 319 aW40 10 I 40 12 u ~O
31.1 12W'28 12 M 28 12 IlI,8 I()W33 15U33.9 aWlS 10 I 40 12 ..... 40
lO.B 12W"25 12M25 12 I l l .8101o'F29 UU33.9 8VF35 10 I 40 12U40

30.2 12W25 12 M 25 12 I 31.8 10W29 15 U 33.9 8VF35 8 M 37.710 I 40 12 U 40
29.8 12W25 12 M25 10W29 12 I 31.815U33.9 awlS 12U35 8M37.110 I 40
29.3 12W"25 12M25 IOW29 , 2131.BBW33 15U33.910135 12U35 8 M 37.1
12W25 12 M 25 10W29 12 I 31.8 eW33 15U33.9 B M 34.310t35 12u35

""
"', 12W25 12 M 25 10W29 12 I 31.8 8 M 32.68W33 15U33.9:'OI35 12u 35
27.6 12W25 12 M25 IOW26 12 I 31,8 8 M 32.& 8WlJ 15U33.9 '0 I 35 12U 35
10W26
1
12 I 3t.8 B M 32.6H.U33.910 I 35 12U35
27.4 '2W'25 12 M 25 8W31
27.11 12W"25 12 M 25 IOW26 12U30 8 W at 12 1 31.8 8 M 32.610 135 6841

26.7 12YF25 12 M 25 10YF26 '0 I 30 '2U30 8YF31 8 M 32.66841
25.3 128n 12YF25 ,2M25 10YF26 10 I 30 12u30 8YF31 8 M 32.66B 41
24. 4 128n 12YF25 12M25 10 125.410YF26 '2u30 8YF31 8M32.66841
24.1 12822 10YF23 12 M 25 10 I 2M 12 U 30 8YF31 8 M 32.6 i 6B41

23.9 128 n 10YF 23 .2 M 25 12 U 25 10 I 25.4 8YF31 8 M 32.66 6 41
23.4 12 B n .0"""'23 12 M 25 12 U 25 10 I 25.4 8YF 27 8 M 32.6 6 8 41
23.0 12 B 22 10W"23 12 M 25 12 u 25 '0 I 25.4 8W"27 B M 32.6 1OU35 6841
1
22.6 12 B 22 10W"23 10 M 23 12 U 25 10 I 25.4 8W" 27 8 M 32.6 10 U 35 6 B 41
21.1 10 M 21 12 B 22 IOVF23 12 u 25 10 1 25.4 SW27 B M 326 ' 0 U 35 6 B .,
21.5 10W"21 10 M 21 12 6 22 12 U 25 10' 25.4 8YF27 B M 32.6 10 U 35 6 8 41
2'.4 12819 12 U 20. 7 10 ...... 2. IO M 21 10125.4 S...... 27 S M32.610UJ5 6841
20.8 12 8 19 12 U 20.7 IOW 21 10 M 21 8 ...... 24 10 I 25.4 B M 32.6 10 U 35 6 8 41

20.6 128 19 12U 20.7 IOW21 10 M 21 S ...... 24 10 I 25.4 IOU 30 8 M 32.6 68 41
19.8 128 19 12 U 20.7110'#"21 10 M 21 S ...... 24 10 I 25.41'0 U 30 6830 8 M 32.6
18.8 108 19 12 U 20.7 10YF21 10 M 2. S'#"24 r OI25.410U30 6830 S M 32.6
18.1 108 19 12U 20.7 10 ....... 21 10M21 S ...... 2<I 10 U '25 10 I 25.4 6830 8 M 32.6
18.0 10819 ;2U20.7 10W'21 10 M2. S'#"21 10U25 10125.46830 SM32.6

17.6 10819 12u20.710YF21 10M21 S'#"21 10U25 10125.4 6827 SM32.6
17.5 12816.510819 12U20. 10YF21 10 M 2! 8"""'21 10U25 10 I 25.46827 S M 32.0
A M ERIC A N lNSTITUTE OF STEEL CON S TRUC TI O N

96

FOR SECTIONS USEO AS BEAMS
Moduh
""-"... 1
Inches'
, , I~I_
' ,1_, 1_
' __"J_"
11,0 12816.51OB19 1l!u20.710W"21 10M2! 8W'21 IOUWIOI25.4812iU6827 8M32.
16.4 12 B 16.5 10 e 19 12 U 2O.7 10W'21 10 M 21 8W'21 10 U 2!i 10 1 25.4 8 I 25. 6 B 278 M 27.
16.2 12 B IS.5 10 B 17 12 u 20.7 ' OWl! 10 M 21 8W'21 10 U 25 10 I 25.4 I 25.6 6 B Z1 8 M 'R.
16.0 128 16.51 0817 8W'1912U20.710M21 8123 101,..1256827 SM27.5
15.1 12816.510B17 SWl9 10U2(\ 10M21 8123 9U2S 6 M 25 6B21

1M 12B1G.5108 17 8Vf"19 10u 2O 10M2! 8M2! 8123 9u2~ 6M25 S827
15.1 12816.510B17 SWl910U2O 8120.!iaM21 6823 91,..125 6M25
14.8 12 BI6.51 081 7 aWl9 8MIlI 101,..120 81'20.56823 91,..125 8M2!>
14.'2 12816.510817 al 16.4 8W"19 8MI9 10U2O S8'2J 9U'25 6M'25

14.1 1'281S.510817 aW"17 8 1 18.48M I9 10u20 68'23 9u'25 6 M '25
14.0 1'2816.510817 8W'17 8M17 81 18.410U2O 68'23 9U25 6MW
13.8 10815 aW"17 8M17 81 18.410u2O 68'23 9U25 6 M 2!i
13.710815 SW"17 8 M I1 8118.410u2O 6M22.56821 9U'25

13.5 10815 aW"17 8 M 17 81 18.410u2O 9u2O 6 M 22.56823
1M 10815 IOU 15.3 8W'17 8M17 8118.49U2O 6M22.568'll
13.1 1081 6 IOU 15.3 8W"17 8M17 8118.49U2O 6820 S M 22.5
12.9 IOB15 101,..115.3 BW"17 8M17 8118.46820 6M20 91,..120

12.0 IOB15 10Ul!1.3 aWI7 8MI7 8118.47120 8820 6 M 2O 91,..120
11.9 l OB15 IOUIU8W'17 8MI7 8118.471'20 6820 6M20 9U208U21.25
11.8 IOB15 8815 10Ul5.l8W"17 8M17 8111t47120 6820 6M2O 91,..120 80.121.2
11.710815 8815 10UI5.38W"17 8M17 6818 8118.41120 8M20 9U2O 8U21.2

11.310815 8815 9U15 8VF17 8M17 8818 8118.41120 6M20 8u21.25
11.1 10815 8815 9U15 8W"17 8M17 7117.568Ia 6M20 8U21.25
10.9 10815 8815 9UI5 aW"17 8M17 7117.56818 8UI8.756M20
10.5 9U13.4 108 15 8815 8W"11 8M17 7117.56818 8U 18.7!I 6 M20

10.4 9UI3.410815 8815 7 I 15.3 6818 8UI8.75 6 M 20
10.1 90..113.410815 8815 7 I 15.3 68\6 6818 6U I8.75 6M20
10.0 9UI3.410815 8815 1115.36815.56816 8U18.75 6 M 20
9.9 8 B 13 9U 13.4 7 115.36815.5 6816 8UI6.25 6M20

9.5 8 B 13 9 u 13.4 7 I 15.3 68 15.5 6 B 16 8uI6.'25 6 M 16.9
9.4 a813 9u13.4 7115.36815.5 6816 8UI6.'25 liMI8.97uI9.75
'.0 88 13 9U13.4 BUll.15 7 I l5.l 6815.5 6 B 16 li M 18.97U 19.75

1
1 1
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF $TEE;L.. CON STRUC TI ON
4:Z-.. ~
- 97

...... ,
, , , , ,
,-, I"
..,..
Modul ....
--- "
a8 13 u '3.48 e u 13.75 1 I li!.3 6 B 15.5 6 B 16 6 I 17.21 7 U 17.2!I 5 M 1B.9
I B 13 u 13.4 eu13.7!1 6114.75 1U17.25 5M1B.9

,., 9 u 13.4 81.113.75 e 1 14.71
,.,
B 13
6 I 12.5 9 u 13.4 8U13.75 7UH.7!I IM1U

7U14.75
,M ".'1
,., S B 12 6 1 12.5 ,U 13.4 IU 13.15 70....114.15 1M 18.9
..,
.,
S B 12
8 B 12
7U\'2.2$
7U"U5
"
"
1'2.5 1 M 18.9
IUI6UI5.5: 5 M 1U
.... I' 1\ B 12
8 B '2
B 12
7U 12.26
7U12.25
7U'2.25
"
a"
I 12.25
12.6 5 1 14.15
1
12.5 IU 13
.. B '3
eU
au
15.5
5 I 14.75
13
1
..,
" 6 u,0.5 II 8 12 5112.25 4 B 13
..., ..
4 B '0
,U
I u '0.5 au 11.5 5 I 12.25
I
.. .. .. ..
.. B 10 .. 1 10.5
'-' ,U
,u I
'-'
,.,
... .. ..,.,
.. U 7.25
.. u 6.25
4UI.2I>
"
I
I
AM E RI C,", N IN S TIT U T E 0,. S TEEL C O N S TR U CT ION
I I
98
AMERIC A N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I ON

99
USE OF TABLES
FOR DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDERS
The American I nstitute of Steel Constmction in 1936 revised its Specification so
as to provide for design of plate girders by gross moment of inertia. with certain reser-
valions for sllOCiai cases. (See Sect. 19(3). ]lage 272). The attention of the engineering
profession was called to this revision. and t he reasous therefor, and discussion was
invited. The T('(;eption of this method having to dale been generally favorable, the
examples and tables in this Manual have been l>rimarily based upon the new Speci-
fication. For the benefit, however. of such offices as are still des4:'ning under net area
rules, the examples and t.1.hles have been amplified to assist therem.
Design of a plate girder by moment of inertia necessitates a p'reliminary design,
and freQuently this will require one or more corrections before it wLlI fully oonfonn to
t he Specification. f or com[Xlrative!y light girders the design may be laken directly
from the tables on pages 109 to lIS. by selecting the capacity next greater than the
requirement. for greater economr it mar be convenient to choose a trial design b}'
interpolation between the designs tabulated. for deeper and heavier girders than
those tabulated. it is generally expeditious to select a trial section by the" flMge area
method" and to check this for moment of inert ia. In the follOwing two examples
this latter methcxl has been used, although in the first example a close approxima tion
might have been made. as above suggested. by interpolation in the girder tables.
Specification sections controlling a design step are listed at the right of the page.
Where information is obtained from data in the Manu.1l, the page number therefor is
also given at the right.
E XAMPL I. Plate Girder without Cover Plates.

Given Conditions: r..oJax. Bending Moment.. . 1250 ft. kips
Max. Vertical Shear.. 200 kips
Effective Span 32 ft.
Max. depth. Ollt to out of steeL 39 in.
Rivets .._ ~" dia.
The compression flange is laterally supported only At the ends.
..
Design by .. flange Area Method."
Assume dept h of girder - 38~" back to back of flange angles .
Web area required _ 2' 3 _ 15.38 sq. in. Sect. lO(a)
Web area furnished - 38X}ls- iG.63 sq. in. p. 86
(Assuming flange angles to have 4" vertical legs Sect. 19(b)
minimum web thickness - 38.5--;-7~ x4) - 0.179", or M") Sect. 13(a)
b. Assume distance bet ween e.g. of flanges - 36.S" and

flange width - 16He".
<40 Sect. 12(a)
Max. allowable unit stress in compression flange
_ 17.3 kips per sq in. p. 126
. l r n_
M ax. Ull1t S Tess at e.g. 0 , ... nge .. 17.3X36.S 164 k .
38.5- - - . Ips per sq. m.
o. 1 d109 , , we b) - 36.5X16.4
Required flange area (.LnCU 1250X 12 - 2506
. sq. in.
'~gross area of web . 16 63 _ 2.n

6
GTO'lS flange area required - 22.29 sq. in.
d. Flange section furnished - 2 angles 8 x 4 x I
Gross area - 2 Xl 1.00 - 22.00 sq. in.
A M E RI CAN I NST I T U T E OF S T EE L CON S TRUCT I O N

100
2
e. Percentage of rivet holes - ~2~~~X 100_8.0< 15%
No increase in gross area n(.'Ccssary.
f. Trial girder section: 1 Web 38 x 7' 0
5
4Ang!es8x4x\
Check b}' .. Morncmt of Inertia Method,"
, ,
~.~ I
Ad> I. [ Rr.
'n,' m m ,' in' in.'
1 web 38 X 1 'G 16.63 2000 2000 p. 103

4angles8x4xl 44.00
Gross Area - 60.63 sq. in.

s....
18.20
fOOl nole lor
1457:5t
r~>lmIO".
Gross' _ 16621 in.'

". 14621 p. 108
Sec;:tion ]\Iodulus required _ 12~~ 12 _ 867 in.3

16621
Section Modulus fumished - - 86.1 in.-
19.25
Check for minimum required rivet pitch lo determi ne if 4" vertical angle le~ arc
satisfactory. ( I gage line)
v_
VO 200X22.00XIB.20
I - l1i621 _ 4.
82 k' r
Lps per Incar mc .
. h
p. 339
Minimum pitch _ 14~~ _ 2.73 in. p. 252

Minimum allowable pitch - 3 rivet diameters - 2U in. Sect. 18(a)
5et:tion is satisfactory.
Modification if design is based on net area.

In this case no modification is necessary. sklce the percentage of reduction in
unit stress. due to top flange being unsupported. is more than the percentage of
rivel hole deduction.
Assuming another case. in which the " Given Conditions" are the same excep't
t hat t he top flange is fully sup(X?rted and therefore t he bottom flange stress Will
govern. and assuming that a tnal design has oo~n similarly arrived at. but using
only l1 web area instead of Ii. then the only change in the check calculations is
as follows:
f. Trial girder section: I Web 38 x ~

4 Angles8x4 x I~
Check by "Moment of Inertia Method."
Se-<,ion
,
In.'
,
in.
Ad '
in .'
I.
in.'
I gr.
in.'
I ~.
in.'
---- - - -
I web 38 x Til 16.63
~ 15829
2000 2000 p. 103
4 angles 8 x 4 x L%s 41.48 18.23 13785 44 13829 p. lOB
2 holes Ji x 2~ 4.08 16.75 1136t 1136
Sec fOOl ..Ole fo< ,lOIallo...
Gross Area - 58.11 sq. in. I gr. _ 15829 in.' I net. -14693 in.-
tThis may he oLUlinNl fnxn the tabl ... on pag ... 105. and lOS. a . folLOW1I: ~nter L"'Ke 105 with d _
38.5--2.1 (from Po ](8) - 36.4. reading 662: 2 "flJ[la ""ch flange .. 22.0 X 662 .. ]4575.
Nutation: A _ area. d _ distance btt"'een ccn'erof Kf"Vily of area" 10 " manent of incrtia about
own aKiI. ] gr. _ rn()n'OCnt of incrtia of R""" ,,:\oon. ] net .. moonent of inertia of net or:ction.
;May bt obtained s imiLarly". uplained in foot note t.
AMERICAN IN STITUTE O F STEEL C ONST RUC T IO N

101
Section Modulus required _ 12~~12 - 750 in,'
Section Modulus furnished _ ~~~i; - 763 in.'

Section is satisfactory,
EXAMPLE I I. Plate Girder with Cover P lates.

Given Conditions: Max. Bending Moment . ___ _. .... 5000 ft. kips
Ma\(, Vertical Shear 500 kips
Effective Span 40 ft.
Max. depth, out to out of steeL 64 in.
I{ ivcts....... . I" dia .
T he compression flange is laterally supported for the full length of the
girder.
Design by "Flange Area r-.lethod,"

a. ASSUme total thickness of oovers - 2X I l' lG" _ 3%"
Heightofrivetheads - 2X 111&" _ 1~" p.l64
r-,Iax. dC]lth back to back of flange angles _
64- 3%- 1% _ 59". Use 58W'.
Web ;lrea required "" ~ - 38.16 sq. in. Sect. 10(a)
Web area furnished _ 58XIII6 _ 39.88 sq. in. p.86
(Assuming flange angles to have 6" vcrtical1cgs
minimum web thickness _ 58.~~X~ = .21'1") Sect. 19(b)
b. Assume distance between e.g. of flanges _ distance hack to back of flange

angles _ 58.5" and that dist:lnce out to out of steel. e)(cluding rivet
heads .. 58.5 +
(2 X !l~i6) .. 62.13".
Ma)(. unit stress at c.g. of /lange _ 2~.~.5 - 18.83 kips per sq. in.
c. Required flange arC3 (including I, web) - 5~~i.~ _ 5-1.47 sq. in.
It gross area 0 r web = 39.88

6 - 665
.
Gross /lange area required - 47.82 sq. in.
d. Flange section furnished - 2 Angles6)(oxul6 _ 2X 10.37 - 20.74 sq. in. p.38

I Cover Pla te 1 6XI~ - 15.00 p.85
I Cover Plate l6 X % ... 14.00 p.85
Gross Flange area "'19.74 sq. in.
,. Percentage of rivet holes _ (2 X [1~i6 X H/sl+(4 X ~~ X 1
49.74
rs) X 100 _ 16.680/.: 0
Reduction in efTective area _ (16.68 15.00)

l()Q - '19.74 - 084
. sq. .m.
Flange area TL'quiroo _'17.82 +0.8-I _ 18.66 sq. in.
f. Trial girder section : 1 Web 58 x 1'16

4 Angles 6 x 6 x '~1l;
2 Cover Plates 16 )( I~
2 Cover Plates 16 )( %
Ai'o'lERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

102
Check by .. Moment of Inertia Method."

-
s.-ctlUn A
in_'
d Ad'
in_' '. I gr.
,n.'
'" in.'
- -
1 web 58x ll lG 39.88 - - 11178 11178 p. 104
4 angles 6xGx 1%; '11.'18 27.41 311&l t 135 31299 p.l08
2 cov. pIs. 16xl~16 -
I
30.00 29.72 2649Bt 2&198
2 co\'. pis. 16x!1 28.00 30.63 2~70f - 26270
-
Gross Area _ I39.36 sq. in. Gross 1- 95245 in.
DeduclionofO.84 sq. in. in each flange - 2 XO.84 X29.69' - 10181 in.-
Effective l'vloment of Inertia _93764 in. t
Section i\lodulus required _ ~~12 -3000 in.3

937&1
Section 1\ lodulus furnished _ -3019 in.'
31.06
Section is satisfactory.
Modification if design is based on net area.

Assuming that the Givm Conditions' aTe the same, and that a trial design
has been obtained b}' the flange area method, deducting rivet holes and using ~
the gross web as flange area. then the check calculations will be as follows:
f. Trial girder section: I web 58 x 1116

4 Angles 8 x 6 x I (58)1;" b. to b. angles)
2 Cover Plates 18 x Y8
2 Cover Plates 18 x U
Check br "Moment of Inertia !\'Iethod,"
-
, I I ,
I '. I Kr. ~,
Sect"'" A Ad'
In.' in.' in.' in.' in.'
,
'" -
I web 58x ll J6 39.88 - - 11178 lll78 11 p. 104
4 angles 8x6s I 52.00 27.60 39612t 155 39767 I 103829 p. 108
2 cov. pis. 18x 11 31.50 29.69 27767t - 27767
2 COY. pIs. 18x~4 27.00 30.50 25117t - 25117 ,11 ~
2 holes 1~x21116
2 holes 1~x2%
6.05
- 5.91
27.00
29.56
4410t
5164tl
-
- _ I} 9574
Gross Area - l50.38 sq. in.: I gr - I03829 i:[).1 I net-94256 in.-
Section l\-Iodulus required ... ~; 12 ",3000 in.~

9-1256
Section Modulus furni~hed _ - 3052 in.~
30.88
Section is satisfactory.
tSce nQleI under previous eumr>le ilIuslr.>ting lhe ahemati,e of using the tabla on 1>ag<'JO lOS to 107
in obtaining lhese valUCll.
0folanlle 3rea I" be d<'ductffl is a .. umo.'<I ron""mrnt<"<i 3t lilt: e.g. of the outstanding /lange leg;,..
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STE;E;t.. CONSTRUCTION

103
~ ~.
MOMENT OF INERTIA
Xc ~-
-x
OF ONE PLATE ABOUT AXIS X-X
To obtain the moment 01 ineetla for any thl~kne ... of plate not lilted below.
mllltlply the valutl for a plate one Inch thick by the desired thickn" .... ~
Thickness t. Inc.hes
O"pth
d
,
l"",h,," % ! (6 )4 ~Ii; % YI )j

.0 31.3 36~5 41.7 46.9 52.1 62.5 7'2.' 83.3
41.6 48.5 55.5 62.4 69.3 83.2 97.1 110.9
""
13
14
540
68.7
85.8
63.0
BO.'
100.0
7'2.0
91.5
114.3
81.0
103.0
128.6
900
,,4.4
142.9
108.0
137.3
171.5
126.0
160.2
200.'
144.0
183.1
228.7
15 105.5 123.0 1,+0.6 158.2 175.8 210.9 246.1 281.3
I. 128.0 149.3 170.7 192.0 213.3 256.0 298.7 34\.3
'7 153.5 179.1 204.7 230.3 255.9 307.1 358.2 409.4
.8 182.3 212.6 243.0 273.4 303.8 364.5 425.3 486.0
214.3 250.1 285.8 321.5 500.
"
'20 250.0 291.7 333.3 375.0
357.2
416.7
428.7
500.0 583~3
571.6
666.7
337.6
"
22
23
289.4
332.8
380.2
368~2
443.6
385.9
443.7
507.0
434.1
499.1
570.3
482.3
554.
633~7
578.8
665.5
760.4
675.3
776.4
887.2
771.8
887.3
10 13.9
.4 432.0 504.0 576.0 648~O 720.0 864.0 1008.0 1152.0
.5 488.3 569.7 651.0 732.4 813.8 976.6 1139.3 1302.1
549.3 640.8 732.3 823.9 915.4 1454.7
""
27
28
615.1
686.0
717.6
BOO.3
820~'
91 4.7
922.6
1029.0
1025.2
11 43.3
1098.5
1230.2
1372.0
1281.6
1435.2
1600.7
1640.3
1829.3
29 762.2 889.2 1016.2 1143.2 1270.3 1524.3 1778.4 2032.4
30 843.8 984.4 1125.0 1265.6 1406.3 1687.5 1968.8 2250.0

31 931.0 1086.1 1241.3 1396.5 1551.6 1861.9 2172.3 2482.6
32 1024.0 1194.7 1365.3 1536.0 1706.7 2048.0 2389.3 2730.7
33 1123.0 1310.2 1497.4 1684.5 1871.7 2246.1 2620.4 2994.8
34 1228.3 1433.0 1637.7 1842.4 2047.1 2456.5 2865.9 3275.3
35 1339.8 1563.2 1786.5 2009.8 2233.1 2679.7 3126.3 3572.9

36 14~.0 1701.0 1944.0 2187.0 2430.0 2916.0 3402.0 3888.0
37 1582.9 1846.7 2110.5 2374.4 2638.2 3165.8 3693.4 4221.1
38 1714.8 2OOO~5 2286.3 2572.1 2857.9 3429.5 4001.1 4572.7
39 1853.7 2162.7 2471.6 2780.6 3089.5 3707.4 4325.3 4943.3
40 2000.0 2333.3 2666.7 3000.0 3333.3 4000.0 4666.7 5333.3

41 2153.8 2512.7 2871.7 3230.7 3589.6 4307.6 5025.5 5743.4
42 2315.3 2701.1 3087.0 3472.9 3858.8 4630.5 5402.3 6174.0
43 2484.6 2898.7 3312.8 3726.9 4141.0 4959.2 5797.4 6625.6
44 2662.0 3105.7 3549.3 3993.0 4436.7 5324.0 6211.3 7098.7
45 2847.7 3322.3 3796.9 4271.5 4746.1 5695.3 6644.5 7593.8

4. 3041.8 3548.7 4055.7 4562.6 5069.6 6083.5 7097.4 8111.3
47 3244.5 3785.2 4326.0 4866.7 5407.4 6488.9 7570.4 8651.9
48 3456.0 4032.0 4608.0 5184.0 5760.0 6912.0 8064.0 9216.0
4' 3676.5 4289.3 4902.0 5514.8 6127.6 7353.1 8578.6 9804.1
50 3906.3 4557.3 5208.3 5859.4 6510.4 7812.5 9114.6 10417

51 4145.3 4836.2 5527.1 6218.0 6908.9 8290.7 9672.5 11054
52 4394.0 5126.3 5858.7 6591.0 7323.3 8788.0 '0253 11717
53 4652.4 5427.8 6203.2 6978.6 7754.0 9304.8 10856 12406
54 4920.8 5740.9 6561.0 7381.1 8201.3 9841.5 11482 13122
AMERICA'" IN STITU TE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI O N
104
,
x[ -x MOMENT OF INERTIA
OF ONE PLATE ABOUT AXIS X-X
To obtain the momental inertia for any thickness of plate not lilted below,
~ mutti"ly the va lue for 11 plate one Inch thick by the desired thickness.
.',.
Thick ...... t . Inchu
Do""
d
lroclles
55
"
5199.2
1I.
6065.8
Ii
6932.3 7798.8
li
8665.4
U
10398 "
12132
1
13865
56
57
58
5488.0
5787.3
6097.3
6402.7
6751.8
7113.5
7317.3
nJS.4
8129.7
-.,
8232.0
9145.9
9146.7
9645.5
10162
10376
11575
12195
12805
13504
14227
14635
15433
16259
59 6418.1 7487.8 8557.5 9627.1 10697 12836 14976 17115
60 6750.0 7875.0 0000.0 10125 11250 13500 15750 lBOOO

61 7093.2 8275.3 9457.5 10640 11822 14186 16551 18915
62 7447.8 8689.0 9930.3 11172 12413 14896 17378 19861
63 7814.0 9116.3 10419 11721 13023 15628 18232 20837
64 8192.0 9557.3 10923 12288 13653 16384 19115 21845
65 8582.0 10012 ,,443 12873 14303 17164 20025 22885

66 8984.3 10482 11979 13476 14974 17969 20963 23958
67 9398.8 10965 12532 1_ 15665 18798 21931 25064
68 9826.0 11464 13101 14739 16377 19652 22927 26203
6' 10266 11977 13688 15399 17110 20532 23954 27376
70 10719 12505 14292 16078 17865 21438 25010 28583
72 11664 13608 15552 17496 19440 23328 27216 31104
74 12663 14774 16884 16995 21105 25327 29548 33769
76 13718 1600' 18291 20577 22863 27436 3200' 36581
78 14830 17301 19773 22245 24716 29660 34603 39546
80 16000 18667 21333 24000 26667 32000 37333 42667
82 17230 20102 22974 25845 28717 34461 40204 45947
84 18522 21609 24696 27783 30870 37044 43218 49392
86 19877 23190 26502 29815 33128 39754 46379 53005
88 21296 24845 28395 31944 35493 42592 49691 56789
90 22781 26578 30375 34172 37969 45563 53156 60750

92 24334 28390 32445 36501 40557 48668 56779 64891
94 25956 30282 34608 38934 43260 51912 60563 69215
96 27648 32256 36864 41472 46080 55296 64512 73728
98 29412 34314 39216 44118 49020 58825 66629 78433
100 31250 36458 41667 46875 52083 62500 72917 83333
102 33163 36690 44217 49744 55271 66326 77380 88'34
104 35152 41011 46869 52728 58587 70304 82021 93739
106 37219 43422 49626 55829 62032 74439 86845 99251
108 39366 45927 52488 5904' 65610 78732 "854 104976
110 41594 48526 55458 62391 69323 83188 97052 110917
112 43904 51221 5853. 65856 73173 87808 102443 117077
114 46298 64015 61731 69447 77164 92597 108029 123462
116 48778 56908 65037 73167 81297 97556 113815 130075
118 51345 59902 68460 77017 85575 102690 11_ 136919
120 54000 63000 72000 81000 90000 108000 126000 144000
122 56745 66203 75660 85118 94575 113491 132406 151321
12. 59582 69512 79443 89373 99303 119164 139025 158885
126 62512 72930 83349 93768 104186 125024 145861 166698
128 65536 76459 87381 98304 109227 131072 152917 174763
AME;RICAN IN STITUTE; OF STE;E;L CONSTRUCT I O N
105
MOMENT OF INERTIA
-~-:r
x- - _ - x
OF
A PAIR OF UNIT AREAS
ABOUT AXIS X-X
-;aJ
U~II""c
d .0 .1 .2 .3 . .5 .6
-50- - - - -52- - -53- - -54- - -55- - -56- - -57- - -58- -59-
.7 .8 .9
10
11 61 "
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 70 71
12
13
14
15
.
72
85
113
73
86
99
74
87
101
116
76
88
102
117
"
90
104
119
78
91
105
120
79
92
107
122
81
94
108
123
82
95
110
125
83
97
111
-
126
16
17
128
145
"'
130
146
131
148
133
150
13<
151
136
153
138
155
139
157
141
158
143
160
18 162 16' 166 167 16' 171 173 175 177 179
19 181 182 184 186 188 190 192 19' 196 198
20 200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216 218
21 221 223 225 227 m 231 233 235 238 240
22 242 244 246 249 2" 253 255 258 260 262
23 265 267 269 271 274 276 278 281 283 286
2' 288 290 293 295 298 300 303 305 308 310
25 313 315 318 320 323 325 m 330 333 335
26 338 341 343 346 348 351 354 356 359 362
Z1 365 367 370 373 375 378 381 384 386 38'
28 392 395 398 400 403 '06 409 412 415 418
438 447
29 '21 423 426 ' 2' 432 435 '41
471 '"
30
31
33
450
481
512
'53
'"
' 56
487
518
459
'90
522
462
493
525
465
'96
528
468
499
531
502
535
'74
506
538
'"
509
541
"5
33 545 548 5" 554 568 561 564 568 571 575
34 578 581 585 588 592 595 598 602 606 609
35 613 616 620 623 627 630 634 637 641 6"
36 648 652 655 659 662 666 670 673 6" 681
37 685 688 692 696 699 703 707 711 714 718
38 722 726 730 733 737 741 m 749 753 757
39 761 76' 768 772 716 780 784 788 792 796
820 824 828 832 836
...
40 800 804 808 812 816
...
878
...
41 841 845 849 853 857 861 865 869 874
42 882 890 895 899 903 907 912 916 920
43 925 929 933 937 942 950 955 959
44 968 912 971 981 986 990 995 999 1004 1008
45 1013 1017 1022 1026 1031 1035 1040 1044 104' 1053
..
46 1058 1063 1067 1072 1076 1081 1086 1090 1095 1100
47 1105 11 09 1114 1 119 1123 1128 1133 1138 1142 1147
1152 1157 1162 1166 1171 1176 1181 1186 1191 1196
49 1201 1205 1210 1215 , 1220 1225 1230 1235 1240 1245
Copyright. We;"kOpf & Pocb'(lrt h.
AMER i CAN I N STITUTE OF STEL C O N STFlUC TI O N
10.
U"U A,e ..
x_-8]~x
,
MOMENT OF INERTIA
OF
-,aJ
Un1tA, ...
A PAIR OF UNIT AREAS
ABOUT A XI S X-X
d .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
--- - ----'-- - ---- - -
50 12SO 1255 1265 1270 1275 1280 1285 1290 1295
1"'"
51 1301 1306 1311 1316 1321 1326 1331 1336 1342 1347
52 1352 1357 1362 1368 1373 1378 1383 1389 1394 1399
53 1405 1410 1415 1420 1426 1431 1436 1442 1447 14>3
54 1458 1463 1469 1474 1480 1485 1491 1496 1502 lS07
55 1513 1518 1524 1529 1>35 1540 1546 1551 1557 1562
56 1568 1574 1579 1585 1590 1596 1602 1607 1613 1519
57 1625 1630 1636 1642 1647 1653 1659 1665 1670 1676
58 1682 1688 1694 1699 1705 1711 1717 1723 1729 1735
59 1741 1746 1752 1758 1764 1770 1776 1782 1788 1794
60 1800 1806 1812 , 818 1824 1830 1836 1842 1848 1854
61 1861 1867 1873 1879 1885 1891 1897 1903 1910 1916
.2 1922 1928 1934 1941 1947 1953 1959 1966 19n 1978
63 1985 1991 1997 2003 201. 201. 2022 2029 2035 2042
64 2048 2054 2061 2067 2074 208() 2087 2093 2100 2106
65 2113 2119 2126 2132 2 139 2145 2152 2158 2165 2171
66 2178 2185 2191 2198 2204 2211 2218 2224 2231 2238
.7 2245 2251 2258 2265 2271 2278 2285 2292 2298 2305
68 2312 2319 2326 2332 2339 2346 2353 2360 2367 2374
69 2381 2387 2394 2401 2408 2415 2422 2429 2436 2443
7. 2450 2457 2464 2471 2478 2485 2492 2499 2506 2513
71 2521 2528 2>35 2542 2549 2556 2563 2570 2578 2585
n 2592 2599 2606 2614 2621 2628 2635 2643 2650 2657
73 2665 26n 2679 2686 2694 2701 2708 2716 2723 2731
74 2738 2745 2753 2760 2768 2775 2783 2790 2798 2805
75
7.
2813
2888
282.
2896
2828
2903
2835
2911
2843
29" ,.,.
28SO 2858
2934
2865
2941
2873
294'
2680
2957
77 2965 2972 2980 2988 2995 3003 3011 3019 3026 3034
78 3042 3.50 3058 3065 3073 3081 3089 3097 3105 3113
79 3121 3128 3136 3144 3152 3160 3168 3176 3184 3192
80 3200 3208 3216 3224 3232 3240 3248 3256 3264 3272
81 3281 3289 3297 3305 3313 3321 3329 3337 3346 3354
82 3362 3370 3378 3387 3395 3403 3411 342. 3428 3436
83 3445 3453 3461 3469 3478 3486 3494 3503 3511 3520
84 3528 3538 3545 3553 3562 3570 3579 3587 3596 3604
85 3613 3621 363. 3638 3647 3655 3664 3672 3681 3689
86 3.98 3707 3715 3724 3732 3741 3750 3758 3767 3776
87 3785 3793 3802 3811 3819 3828 3837 3846 3854 3863
88 3872 3881 3890 3898 3907 3916 39'25 3934 3943 3952
89 3961 3969 3978 3987 3996 4005 4014 4023 4032 4041
Copyright.. Wci.kOpr & Pickworlh.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL. CONST RUCTION
107
3[t
MOMENT OF INERTIA
OF
r
X-/BJ-X
A PA I R OF UNIT A REAS
A BO UT AX IS X- X U nl ...... .
, , ,
d .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
--- --_. ._-
90 4050 4059 4068 4077 4066 4095 4104 4113 4122 4131
91 4141 4150 4159 4168 4177 4186 4195 4204 4214 4223
92 4232 4241 4250 4260 4269 4278 4287 4297 4306 4315
93 4325 4334 4343 4352 4362 4371 4380 4390 4399 4409
94 4418 4427 4437 4446 4456 4465 4475 4484 4494 4SOJ
95 45 13 4522 4532 4541 4551 4560 4570 4579 4589 4598
96 4608 4618 4627 4637 4646 4656 4666 4615 4685 4695
97 4705 471 4 4724 4734 4743 47>3 4763 4773 4782 4792
98 4802 4812 4822 4831 484 1 4851 486 1 4871 4881 4891
99 4901 4910 4920 4930 4940 4950 4960 4970 4980 4990
100 5000 5010 5020 SOJO 5040 5650 5060 5070 5080 5090
101 5101 5111 5121 5 131 51 4 1 5151 516 1 5171 5182 5192
102 5202 5212 5222 5233 5243 52>3 5263 5274 5284 5294
103 5305 5315 5325 5335 5346 5356 5366 5377 5387 5398
104 5408 54 18 5429 5439 5450 5460 5471 5481 5492 5502
105 5513 5523 5534 5544 5555 5565 5576 5586 5597 5607
106 5618 5629 563. 5650 5660 5671 5682 5692 5703 571 4
107 5725 5735 5746 5757 5767 5778 5789 5800 5810 5821
106 5832 5843 5854 5864 5875 5886 5897 5906 5919 5930
109 5941 5951 5962 5973 5984 5995 6006 6017 6028 6039
11 0 6050 606 1 6072 6083 6094 6105 6116 6127 6138 61 49
11 1 6161 6 172 6183 6194 6205 6216 6227 6238 6250 6261
112 6272 6283 6294 6306 6317 6328 633. 6351 6362 6373
113 6385 6396 6407 6418 6430 644 1 6452 6464 64>5 6487
114 6498 6509 6521 6532 6544 6555 6567 6578 6590 6601
115 6613 6624 6636 6647 6859 6670 6682 6693 6705 67 16
116 6728 6740 6751 6763 6n< 6786 6798 6809 6821 6833
117 6845 6856 6868 6880 6891 6903 6915 6927 6.38 6950
11 8 6962 6974 6986 6997 7009 7021 7033 7045 7057 706.
11. 7081 7092 7104 7116 7128 7140 7152 71 64 7176 7188
120 7200 7212 7224 7236 7248 7280 7272 7284 7296 7308
121 7321 7333 7345 7357 7369 7381 7393 7405 7418 7430
122 7442 7454 7466 7479 7491 7SOJ 7515 7528 7540 7552
123 7565 7577 758. 7601 7614 7626 7638 7651 7663 7676
124 7688 7700 m5 7738 7750 7763 7788 7800
125 7813 7825
7713
7838 7850 7663 7875 7888 ""
7900 7913 7925
126 7938 7951 7963 7976 7988 8001 8014 8026 803. 8062
127 8065 8077 8090 8103 8115 8128 8141 8154 8166 8179
128 8192 8205 8218 8230 8243 8256 826. 8282 8295 9308
12. 8321 8333 8346 8359 8372 8385 8398 8411 8424 8437
~t. w nNopt &, PICkwort h.
AM ERICAN I NST ITUTE OF S T EEL CON S TR UC;; T ION
108
PROPERTIES OF FOUR A NGLES

POR COMPUTI NG MOMENT OF I N ERT ,A OF FI.ANGE ANGLES
. .-
- llF ~ - llF ~F
I
Si.8 Thick_
Size Thick_
--'". - '". .
,.... La
- - - - - - -In.'- - -
'".
2y 1-4u.
In.'
--
.
2><
'". '".
-_. -':.~ -I-
'". ~. -,.U
rn.'
"
'".
8,8 l J.i 392 4.8 6,4 1 123 4.3 43 2.3
1 356 4.7 ii 4.2
ii 318 4.6 ji '"98 4.2
39
35
22
2.2
ji 27' 4.6 % 84 4.1 30 2.'
% 238 4.5 li 70 40 25 2.0
li 195 4.4 % 54 3.' 20 1.'
8,6
,' J.i 356 5.4 170 3.4 5, 5 , 78 3.2
323 5.3 155 3.3 1i 71 3.1
ii 289 5.2 140 32 ji 63 30
ji 254 5.1 123 3.1 % 54 3.0
% 216 5.0 105 3.0 li 45 2.'
li 177 4.' 87 2.' % 35 2.8
8<4 1 278 6.1 46 2.1 5x3 ~ ji 56 3.5 22 2.0

ii 249 6.0 42 2.0 % 48 3.4 19 1.'
ji 219 5.' 38 1.. li 40 3.3 16 1.8
% 187 5.8 32 1.8 ;i 31 3.2 13 1.7
li 154 5.7 27 1.7
4, 4 ji 31 2.6
7,4 1 191 5.2 45 2.2 % 27 2.5
h 172 5.1 41 2.1 li 22 2.4
ji 151 5.0 36 2.0 h 17 2.3
% 130 4.' 31 1.'
li 107 4.8 26 1.8 4 X 3}2 % 25 2.6 18 2.1
% 82 4.7 20 1.7 li 21 2.5 15 2.0
H 17 2.4 12 1..
6,6 1 142 3.7
h 128 3.6 4" li 20 2.7 10 1.7
ji " 3 3.6 h 16 2.6 8 1.6
H 97 3.5 li 2.5 5 1.5
li 80 3.4 "
% 62 3.3
I
AMERICAN IN STITUTE O F STEEL CONSTRUCT ION
109
DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS AND PROPERTIES

OF PLATE AND ANGLE GIRDERS
These tables of plate girders have been compiled for the purpose of showing certain
economies in their use for average spans and relatively light loads.
l\ofornents of inertia and section moduli arc gi\'cn for both gross and net flange
:areas as Illay be preferred by the designer. al t hough the A, I. S. C. Specification. upon
which the tables are based, permit of gross area being used. No provision has been
made in spacing of flange rivets for concentrated external loads or forces, and such
'lo.1ds or forces coming upon the girders should be provided for by stiffeners or by ether
equally effective devices.
AMERI C AN INSTITUTE O F S T EEL. C O N S TR U CT I O N

110
44 PLATE AND ANGLE GIRDERS
I PROPERTIES OF S EC TI O N S
S HORT LEGS CON N ECTEO TO WEB PLAT E
~" R IVET S
M AT ERIALS GROSS SECTION NET SECTION

M . ~ i-
Weight
o~
per Foot
includ'l\il Ix S~
1i1::.:.
obi.. I. 5.
A~:;_ A'\'I~:. R' ....I
able able Factor
WOO
Plate
'0_
Angles
Rivets Mo.
lllflfit
M.,.
ment
ShU!"
--,--,-I -- --I
----1-'"0.- In.' In.'
--I-------j FL Kipo
-I n.'- -In.'- -
Flo K ipo KiPi In.
- -- KIp
5 X 3}i X % 100.1 8037 365 608 7249 329 548 107 702
5 X 3.\1 X 116 106.5 8885 404 673 8010 364 607 107 671
5 X 3.\1 x.!4 112.9 9705 441 735 8742 398 663 107 648
5)(3.J.i x9 16
5 X 3M X %
119.3
125.7
10525
11312
478
514
797 1 9475
857 10174
431
462
718
770
107
107
629
615
5 X 3.\1 X 1I{i 131.7 12093 550 917 10868 494 823 107 603
5 X 3~ X ~ 137.7 12844 584 973 11531 524 873 107 590
5x3Mx.\1 12 X !i 139.3 12642 568 947 11386 512 853 107 613
5 X 3~ >iX 12 X % 149.5 14134 632 1053 12660 566 943 107 603
5 X 3M X !4 12 X J1 159.7 ,'6" 6" 1158 13952 6'" 1033 107 597
107.7 8996 409 682 8247 375 625 113 666

115.7 9996 454 757 9164 417 695 11 3 640
123.3 10984 499 832 10063 457 762 11 3 620
130.9 11958 544 907 10954 498 830 113 604
6 X 4 X 138.5 12910 587 978 11823 537 895 113 591
6 X 4 X 1 145.7 13830 629 1048 12660 575 958 113 581
6 X 4 X 152.9 14752 671 1118 13498 613 1022 113 572
~ 6 X 4 X 160.1 15661 712 1187 14329 651 1085 113 565
6 X 4 )( 167.3 16528 751 1252 15108 687 1145 113 558
~ 6 , 4 14 )( Yo! 192.1 19841 882 1470 17943 797 1328 113 593
~ 6 X 4 X 14 X % 204.0 21621 956 1593 19506 862 1437 113 590
6x6x 3i 119.1 9863 448 747 9095 413 688 143 626
6)( 6 X ~ 128.3 11016 501 835 10163 462 770 143 603
6x6)( Ii 137.9 121 49 552 920 11211 509 848 143 585
6x6x \6
9 147.1 13252 602 1003 12229 55' 927 143 572
6)( 6 X % 156.3 14354 652 1087 13245 602 1003 143 561
6 X 6 X 11 Hi 165.5 15438 702 1170 14244 647 1078 143 552
6 X6 X ~ 174.3 16488 750 1250 15209 691 1151 143 544
6x6x 1'lis 183.5 17529 797 1328 161 44 734 1223 143 537
6x6x}8 191.9 18509 841 1402 17059 775 1291 143 531
6)( 6 )( % 14x .J4 209.9 21784 94 1577 19389 862 1437 143 540
6)( 6 X % 14:<. % 221.8 23069 1020 1700 20951 926 1543 143 537
1
To obtain rivet pilei. ,no any 1",....1 divide R i"N Faclor bj' Shear in thal p"nd CAUT ION: Not applicable
tor roveu earrymK boIh horiwnUlJ and '~nlC31 waring stresses.
Maximum AU"",'al>ie Bc,..:Hnll Moments an:: penniesihle only wh.. n rornJ)lMBior> Ilani<' II fully I UI>J'OI"Ie<\
later.tUy.
Weight of flvet . ;, bu""" on 5lX1e,ng of 4 ,ncheo..
AME RI CAN 1NSTI TU TE OF STEEL CO N STRUC T IO N
111
{Ix
PLATE AND ANGLE GIRDERS 40
SHORT LEGS CONNECTED TO WEB Pl.ATE

I
S~" RIVETS
MATERIALS
Wlfo:l
~ ~
GROSS SECTION
M__
AIl ~
NET SECTION
Mu.
Ali_
m_ R_,
Mu'
Allow-
,- T.,
--
Indwd.np
"'" ~~.
I, S, "', I. S,
""M. "'-
,~.
".,
WoO
"'"" M.
...
111\111111 PI.I..
", -"'
CO
". Ft. Kip' In.'
"M
Ft. K'I In. I<'PI
5~3J1x~_
5 II. 3}.i )( l1e
..... 6400 320 533
592
5762 288 480 122 617
5x3 I i)(J.i
101 .11
107.8
7100
7773
355
38. 648
6391
6993
31'
34.
53 .
58.
122
122
592
573
5x3I4x'~ 8447 422 703 380 632 558
5 X 3)1 X ~
5)( 3h X 'n.
114.2
120.6
126.6
9087
9726
454
486
757
810
7596
8'66 408 080
728
'"
'22 54'
51(3)1)( ~4
5 )( 3)1 X ' '1 12)( t-f
132.6 10334
10203
517 862
840
9271
9166
8734 437
464
453
773
755
'"
'"
536
527
Sx3)1X'2
51l3J1)(li
12 )( I~
12 Ii: I ~
134.2
144.4
154.6
11441
126...
504
562
619
937 10224
1032 11294
502
551
836
918
'"
'"
546
53.
535
'"
6
4 li 101.7 719! 360 600 6588 329 548 130 588
6 lii 110.6 8010 400 667 7340 367 611 130 567
~

ii:
6
6
44
4
'.
Ii
118.2
125.8
8818
9613 ...
441 735 8081 404 673
733
130
130
550
537
.-
802 8809 440
~
~
6 4 jf 133.4 .0391 520 867 1 9520 476 793 130 526
6 4 140.6 11141 558 930 10203 510 850 .30 517
'lii
!:: 6 4 147.8 11899 595 992 545 908 130 510
6
6
4
4
!{
'lii 155.0
162.2
.""
13343
632
667
1053 11564
11 12 12204
578
610
963
1016
130
130
504
49.
~ Ji M
4 'i
~ 6 14 II. 187.0 16132 787 1312 14567 711 1185 130 533
~
6 4 14x ", 198.9 17611 854 1423 1586. 770 1283 130 531
jf
, . '.
6 6
6 , 6
'I 114.0
123.2
7766
8804
388
440
647
733
7146
8 115
357
406
595
677
170
170
546
534

6 Ii 132.8 '725 486 810 8967 448 767 170 520
6
6 66 '" 142.0 10618 531 885 9791 490 816 170 508
49.
, .,
151.2 11516 576 960 10620 531 885 170
jf
6 6 ~ "'4 160.4 12395 619 .031 11430 572 .53 170 491
6 !{ 169.2 13246 662 1103 12212 61. 1018 170 485
6 6 '," 178.4 14090 704 1173 12988 64. 1082 170 479
6 6 , Ji 186.8 14917 746 1243 13746 687 1145 170 475
H
6 6
6 , 6

" 14 X
h
204.8 17256 84' .402 156... 785 1308 170 464

" 14 X 216.7 18735 908 1513 16979 84' 1415 170 482
for nvet. corry,,:! both hor,zontal and verticil ........ Ilre3OQ.

M"",,"um A l........ bIe ending Momerou a ... prnnlllible ooIy when
laterally.
W~Ulhl 01 r,v~u lie baad .... ~ oil incloH.
c:om_
To ollla ... nv~t Pilch !D. any p;. nrl dlv",,", H..v~t "'''''tOl by Shear ,n th:tt ""net. CAUTION"- N oc .pphCllhie
Ibll![<" iI tully IUpp:IJ1.od
A M ER I C .... N I NST ITUTE 0,. STEEL CONST R UCT I O N

112
I
S H ORT L.EGS CONNECTED TO WEB PLATE

{Ix
","" RIVETS
--
"'"
WoO
MATERIAUI
,~
T~
"-
..
W
.to;'
,l ndud,"II
R,_
~.
GROSS SECTI ON
I, S,
- - -
_....
"u.
Allow-
M.
.
NET SECTION
S,
_.". .,'-"'.-
"~
AlIOW-
.bl,
Ma.oi-
m"m R_
,~.
Plaia A ....
"- '.' In.' f t. K,P'II
'.' '.' Ft. Kitot X'. In. Kill'
---- "
5 .. 3j.i X "i 89.' 4995 278 463 4491 249 415 143 538
5x 3J.i x ~ 96.3 555' 308 513 4991 277 401 143 517
S. 3 1 2 X Ji 102.7 6088 338 563 5472 304 507 143 501
5x 3!i x '1& 109.1 6626 366 613 5954 331 552 143 489
5 J( 3}i X ~ 115.5 7138 397 662 6410 356 594 143 479
5 X 3J.i X 11<& 121.5 764' 425 708 6865 381 635 143 471
5 X 3 Ji X ~'i 127.5 8137 452 7>3 7297 405 675 143 464
5 X 3J,i X J.i 12 xU 129. 1 8059 442 733 7220 396 660 143 482
5 X 3}<J X J.i 12 X IS 139.3 9065 493 822 8080 440 733 1<3 477
5 X 3J.i 1It ).i 12 X ~ 1-49.5 10084 545 909 8950 484 806 1<3 475
6 , 4 , ji 97.5 5618 312 520 5144 286 476 152 514

6, 4 , Iii 105.5 6275 34' 582 5749 319 >32 152 496
~ 6 , 4 , )i 113.1 6921 385 642 6342 352 587 152 482
0:
~

6 ,
6 ,
4
4 ,, "
ji
120.7
128.3
7557
8178
420
454
700
757
6926
7494
385
416
642
694
152
152
An
463
" 6 , 4 X 11 111 135.5 8m 488 813 8040 447 745 152 456
".
6 , 450
~ 6 ,
4
4
x
,
~ '42.7
149.9
9380
9969
521
554
868
923
8591
9127
477
507
195
845
152
152 445
6 , , 10532 975 152 440
J:
~
~
6 ,
6 ,
4
4
4
,
,
)i
ji
ji
1'4J1 !i
157. 1
181.9 12841
14047
585
694
754
1157
9638
11575 ""
626
619
892
1043
1132
152
152
475
474
14 II ~ 193.8 1257 12617
'". ....
6 , 6 , ji 108.9 6127 340 567 563' 313 522 173 484
6 , 6 , 118.1 6873 382 637 6331 352 587 173
6 , 6 ,)i 127.7 7003 422 704 7006 390 650 173 456
6 , 6 , 136.9 8308 402 770 7657 425 709 173 447
6 , 6 ,ji 146.1 9023 501 835 8318 462 770 173 ' 39
,
6 , 6 'l-M \55.3 '720 SAO 900 8961 498 830 173 .33
6 , 577 962 8579 >3, 887 173 427
,, ."
6 j( 164.1 10393
6 , 6 173.3 11061 614 1023 10193 566 ,..3 173 .23
6 , 6 li 181.7 11695 650 1083 10773 598 997 173 418
6 , 6 ,
ji loll( M 199.7 13685 739 1232 12422 671 1118 173 429
6 , 6 , ji 1"1l ~ 211 .6 14892 199 '332 13474 723 1205 173 428
, , 1 ,
To obuoin ri~t pilcI!. In any p.u .. ' d ,v,m }( ;~I Fao::tot by Sho:ar in t hat pando CAUTI ON Nut applicabLe
for rive ... c:;r.1'TJ" ~ both
Muimum A ".."bIe Send".
lal ernlly.
M.......,n ... "'" ""nrl_bIe oat)' .bro
honzorllal and vcrtk::ll """,,nnc Il rnoea.
con,~ flal1l[C full , ... ppc.tl!d
We;'ht 01 riVCu, ill batItd on IP""''''' uI ~ "Ie'-.
A .... .... 'CAN IN STITUTE 01'" STEEL CONSTRUCTION
113
tlx
PLATE A N D ANGLE GIRDERS 32
PROPE H TIES O F S EC TIONS
SHORT LEGS CONNECTED TO WEB PLATE

I
%"" RIVETS
,
,
MATERIALS
WO~ht.
GROSS SECTION
Mu.
I NET SECTION
Mu.
MD i-
mom
000
WOO
Plat.
Four
Angl ..
Two
""'-
Pl alel
W 00'
induding
R'lIiIu
"
S,
-- -
Allow-
Able
M.
~"'
-
I,
,., ---
S,
----
Allow-
able
M.
~m
.... Ri ...
,., ''''.
AJlow- t
In.' In.' Flo Kip. In.' ~ Kipo I n. Kips

- - '" -- -- --- -- -- --
4 , 3 ~~ 59.7 2393 150 250 2105 132 220 91 435
,
'""
4 65.3 2762 173 288 2429 152 253 91 407
4 3 , 70.5 31 19 195 325 2742 172 286 91 388
, 33 ,
'"
4 75.7 3475 217 362 3053 191 316 91 374
4 ,3, l> SO.9 3815 238 397 3348 2<l9 348 91 363
4 ~ e~ 86.1 4148 259 433 3638 227 378 91 355
4 3 90.9 4470 279 465 245 408 344
"
3 3916 91
4 3 l> 10 X M 103.9 5115 315 525 4454 274 457 91 345
4 3 l> lOx ~ 112.4 5781 353 588 5001 305 508 91 340
4
3
l> 10 X }i 120.9 6455 391 651 5559 337 562 91 337
5 X 3M X ~l& 71.3 3178 199 331 2856 178 297 98 384

5 X 3~ )( ~ 78.1 3623 226 377 3258 204 340 98 368
~ 5 X 3M X ~ 84.5 4068 254 423 3649 228 380 98 356
~ 5 X 3M X ~ 90.9 4474 280 467 4024 252 420 98 348
~
5 X 3M )( !1e 4893
;<
97.3 306 510 4401 275 458 98 341
5 X 3~ X % 103.7 5291 331 553 4755 297 495 98 335
5x37o.1 )1.1" 109.7 5687 356 593 5108 319 532 98 330
~ 5 X 3% X ~ 115.7 6065 379 632 5443 340 567 98 326
x
: 5)[ 3M J( J.11 12 )( J4 117.3 6034 371 618 5373 331 552 98 335
5 X 3~ l( ~ 12)( ~ 127.5 6632 417 695 6052 369 615 98 331
M
5 X 3M II U 12 X J.11 137.7 7642 463 772 6746 408 680 98 328
4
44 )( l(&"
6 85.7 4109 257 428 3770 235 392 107 354
6 . 93.7 4618 289 481 4239 265 441 107 345
6 4 % 101.3 5120 320 533 4701 294 490 107 337
6 , 4 ~i6 108.9 5614 351 585 5155 322 539 107 331
6 116.5 6097 381 635 349 107
"
5598 582 326
6 44 '," 123.7 6560 410 663 6025 376 627 107 322
6 !{ 130.9 ""'8 439 732 6450 403 672 107 318
6 4 'li< 138.1 7482 468 7SO 6863 429 715 107 315
6 4 li 145.3 7920 495 825 7263 454 757 107 313
6 4 170.1 9794 594 887 107
""
14X 7l/ 990 8"3 532 331
6 4 14x ~ 182.0 10753 647 1078 9633 579 965 107 329
--
T o obta in rh'ct [>itch in any pand dlV"'~ R, vet I'n(tOl'" by Sho.;tr In that 1'''''''1, CAUTION : NQt ~i>PIicabie
for n,'cll C3.rryln~ both hori.onta[ and vCrllC11 .... annK $Ire,..,..
Muimum A lowable IJendi llj( Mome"lI are ""nni.. ible only .. hen com~ Ihn\[e is fully IUJ>I)Ort"<l
[ateroUy.
Wti~ht of nvet. i. ba...., on spacing of 4 in"""".
AMER I CAN INSTITUTE OF STEEl.. CONSTRUCTION

114
I
MATERIALS
SHORT LEGS CONNECTEO T O
,
~ " RIVETS
GROSS S ECTION
WEB PLATE
, NET SECTION
BE',
. . - - - I M...;-
WI>i,?,!:\ M a. MaL mum
I>'" 001 Allcw_ Allow_ Allow_ Rivel
O~
WOO
Four
11."111 ..
'wo
Cove.
,ncludino
Ri... t. I, S, .blt
M.
I, S, . bl e
M.
abl,
Sh .... '
Factl>l"
Pl ate PI . tM ment m,.

1 - - -In.'
- 1 -In.'- ''Ft.
-- 1- - - - - - 1 - --
- - - - 1 - - ; - - ~ Ft. K'PI~
CO. K Ip" In.' In. KIPI
-I
4 X3 X ){ 55.4 1736 124 207 1523 109 182 111 363
144 240 1768 126 210 111 341
4
'"
X3 X 61.0 2014
4 X3 X !i 66.2 2283 163 272 2003 143 238 111 327
4 X3 I( ~'M 71.4 2551 182 303 2238 160 267 111 316
4 X3 X li 76.6 21!06 201 335 2460 176 293 111 307
4 X3 X 3056 218 383 2678 191 318 111 301
'"
81.8
4 X3 , !i 86.6 3298 236 393 2887 206 346 111 296
4 X3 , li 10 xU 99.6 3804 267 445 3299 232 387 111 295
4 ,3 , li lOx ", 108.1 4314 300 500 3719 259 432 111 292
4 ,3 , li 10 It M 116.6 4836 334 557 41SO 286 477 111 28'
5x37!!x ~ 67.0 2326 166 277 2090 149 248 112 324
5 J( 3MX ~ 73.8 2661 190 317 2393 171 285 112 311
~ 5 X 3M l( ~ 80.2 2987 214 357 2688 192 320 112 302
~ SIl37!i x M 86.6 3300 236 393 212 353 112 296
~
296'

~
Sx.37!! x " 93.0 3613 258 430 3251 232 387 112 290
SK3 },i 1( % 99.4 3912 279 465 3518 251 418 112 286
~ 5 J( 3M 1!1e l( 105.4 4209 300 500 3784 270 4SO 112 282
< 5x3 J.i l( ~ 111.4 4492 321 535 4035 298 480 112 279
~ 5)( 3J.1 It y.! 12)( ~i 113.0 4497 316 527 3992 280
31 4
467 112
112
287
284
~
~
5x3J1 x J1i 12)( ~ 123.6 5110 358 593 4515 523
5x3 J1 X 7!! 12 )( 7!! 133.8 5736 396 660 5OSO 348 580 112 283
6 , 4 , !i 81.4 3024 216 360 2m 198 330 112 301

6
6
6
X4
, 4
4, ,
,X li '" 89.4
97.0
104.6
3407
3783
243
270
297
405
450
495
3131
3479
3819
224
248
272
373
413
453
112
112
11 2
293
287
282
'"
41 53
6 X4 , !i 112.2 4515 322 537 4153 296 493 112 279
6 , 4 )( 1116 119.4 4861 347 578 4471 31' 532 112 275
6 , 4 , ){ 126.6 5210 372 620 4790 342 570 112 273
6 , 4 )( 11M 133.8 5551 396 660 5102 364 607 112 270
6 , 4 , % 141.0 5876 420 700 5399 385 641 112 268
6 4, , !i 14x J.i 165.8 7358 507 845 6593 454 756 112 286
6 , 4 , !i 14 l( .% \77.7 8099 554 923 7241 496 827 112 284
To obt~in r;vel pitch in any p:lrl(!\ d ivide Ihv~t Fnclor hy Shear in lhal lI'me\. C AUT ION : N ot appl ic3.ble
for rivell C3rryin~ both. horizontal a nd vertic:1l oho!aring st~
Mn. imllm II towable Ikndin~ l\1 (>rJ'1enlS a.., penni.... bI" only ", hen com~on !l3~ is fully suptJO<te(l
laterall y.
WeiRht of riveto i. bnsed on . p"cing <>f1 Inches.
A M ERIC" N I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONST R UCTI ON
115
PLATE AND ANGLE GIRDERS 24

IT
iD[
PROPERTIES O F S ECTI O N S
S H ORT L.EGS CONNECTED TO WEB PLATE

I
~(" RIVETS
MATERIALS GROSS SEC~'"'O"';;---C,"",CS"'"cr;;;;

, o;;,;-
Wei;!>! Mb. Mb. mom
per FOOl Allow_ Allow. Allow Rivet
0.. 'wo Including I, s, able I. s, able ,~.
W..
PIal"
Four
Angl,"
Co~,
Platel
R,vel, M.
~"'
"''' "'-
M.
ment
In.' In. ' Ft. Klrttl_ In. ' In.' FI. Ki~ KIPt In. Kip
4~3)(74' 51.2 '201 '00 167 1051 87 145 95 296

4)( 3 )( ~ 56.8 1401 117 195 1229 102 170 95 2'"
" )( 3 )( 31 61.0 1594 133 222 1399 116 193 95 269
4)( 3~Ua 67.2 1787 149 248 1569 131 218 95 261
" )( 3 )( ~ 72.4 1970 164 273 1729 144 240 95 255
4 )( 3 )( U8 77.6 2149 179 298 1885 157 262 95 250
" )( 3 )( ~ 82.4 2322 194 323 2035 169 282 95 246
" )( 3 )( ~ 10)( Y. 95.4 2705 221 368 2335 191 318 95 248
4 )( 3 )( M 10)( ~ 103.9 3084 249 415 2648 214 356 95 245
4 )( 3 )( 31 lOx % 112.4 3470 278 463 2966 237 395 95 243
5)( 3.l7 II ~ 62.8 1624 135 225 1461 122 203 95 267
5)( 3)1 )( ~ 69.6 '865 155 258 1679 140 233 95 257
5)( 3)1 )( Ua 75.8 2098 175 292 1890 158 263 95 251
Sx3)1xY2 82.4 2322 194 323 2092 174 290 95 245
5 )( 3)1 )( Ue 88.8 2547 212 353 2295 191 318 95 "2
5)( 3)1 )( % 95.2 2761 230 383 2487 207 390 95 238
K
5)( 3)1 )( l!,* 101.2 2972 "8 413 2674 223 372 95 235
5)( 331 )( ~ 107.2 3172 264 440 2854 238 397 95 233
Sx3 j1 x)1 12 X X 108.8 3204 262 464 2834 231 385 95 24Q
5)(3)1x)1 12)( ~ 119.0 3659 296 493 3222 260 433 95 239
5)(3-'4)(31 12 X .!1 129.2 4123 330 556 3619 289 482 95 238
6 )( 4 )( ~ 77.2 2124 m 295 1956 163 272 95 249

6 )( " )( 1~ 85.2 2398 200 333 2210 184 306 95 244
6x 4 x)1 92.8 2666 222 370 "58 204 340 95 239
6 )( " )( 'J.\6
6 )( 4 X %
100.4 2931
3189
"4 407
443
2703
2941
225 375
408
95
95
236
233
108.0 266 245
6 )( 4 )( 11 16 115.2 3434 286 m 3167 264 440 95 230
6 X 4 )( U 122.4 3683 307 512 3396 283 471 95 228
95 226
6 )( " )(
6 X 4 )(
6 )( 4 )(
U t6
%
% 14 )( .!1
129.6
136.8
161.6
3925
4156
5290
327
346
423
545
577
705
3618
3829
4717
301
319
377
""
530
628
95
95
224
232
6 )( 4 )( % 14 X % 173.5 5842 463 772 5212 413 688 95 232
To obUlin ri"et pitch ;0 any panel divide Rive t ~'aC tor by Shear in that pa"",!' CAUTION , Not al>l~lQble
for ri~ets
carrying both horizontal and venical ohearing at"'"""'.
Masimum AUo ..-able Hentlin" MomenU! art pc",,; ...ibl~ only when rompressoon flange .. fully oupponed
lat"",lIy.
Weq,:ht of ri,-cto .. ha!!ed on .pac",!!: of. inchea.
A .... ERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
116
AM II:R ICAN INS TITU T III: O F S T II:El- CON ST RUCT IO N

117

The tables on pages 118 to 121 will be found convenient by the many designer.!
who consider the EFFECTIVE NET AREA of angles to be the net area of conna:ted
leg plus one-half the area of unconnected leg.
SPECI FICATION REQUIREMENTS
Sc>ecifocaticn M~'-
,
---
Muimum
" M inimum
,
TlI,cknoss
Mu. Width ' M,n. Widtll
of o... LOg 01 Cannecte<l
I Minimum
Brac;""
Com\lf. Ten.ion in romp<. Leg
A. 1. S. C. Main 120 ... ex\. l,"

"'''
not stated not slaled not stated
193. Secondary 200 inl. U"
A.R.E.A. Main 100 200 s -" 121 4 II rivet
not slated
Ry. Br. 1935 Secondary 120 200 141 diameter
A.A.S.H.O.
Hwy. Sr. 1935
Main
Secondary
120
140
200 N' ,.,
121 4 II rivet
diameter 3x2~
DIRECTIONS FOR USE OF TABLES "EFFECTIVE NET AREAS OF

ANGLES". '!1le angles arc arranged in order of their weights. increasing from the
top of the table toward the bouom. Entering the table in the proper column and
reading from the top downward, the first section which will fill the given requirements
is the most economical in \\eight. Other sections will appear in successive order of
their economy. Angles of equal weight are arranged in order of their stiffness. Sec-
tions bearing an asterisk (. ) beside the tabulated thickness have an outstanding leg
greater than 12 times the thickness and should be used only for purely tension members
unless investigated in regard to the specification requirement in this respect. Net areas
are shown after the deduction of two full holes from all connected legs 5" and over
in width even though. in some cases (for which the values are given in parentheses),
two full holes will never actually be taken oul. This permits an interpolation for the
case of staggered rivets with a reduction of one and a fraction holes.
EXAMPLE No. I. Required, the lightest single angle with a net area of 2.75
sq. in. lind minimum radius of gyration of 1.05". One %" hole out of long leg.
Entering the eighth column from the right on page 119 and reading downward, the
first effective net area equal to. or greater than, 2.75 is 2.97. Reading to the left , the
corresponding minimum radius of gyration is 0.88". This is inadequate. Reading
downward in the column for min. r. the first radius equal to, or greater than. l.05 is
1.19. The corresponding angle is a 6 x 6 x ~ weighing 1'1.9 Ibs. per ft. Checking
back on the lIet area. it is found to be 2.98 sq. in. which is greater than 2.75. Since
the connected leg is 6" in width. the rivets may be st.1ggered on two gage lines with olle
and one-half holes out. The net area for two holes out is 2.65 sq. in. and interpolating
between 2.98 and 2.65 gives 2.81 sq. in. which is also greater than the 2.75 required.
This angle fulfills, therefore. all the required conditions and is the lightest angle avail-
able. Other selections may be had br proceeding downward in the column for net
area and checking back on the minimum radius of gyra tion or vice versa.
EXAMPLE No.2. Required. the lightest single angle with a net area of 1.50
sq. in .. minimum radius of gyration of 0.79" and minimum thickness of ~". One
1" hole out of short leg.
Entering the fourth column from the right on page 1HI and reading downward,
the first effective net area C<jual to. or grellter than. 1.50 is 1.51. Reading to the left,
the minimum radius of gyration equals 0.79". which is satisfactory, but the angle is
only II" thick. Continuing downward in the column for min. r. the next radius equal
to or exceeding 0.79" is 0.86 which, however. is also for a -h" angle. Proceeding down-
ward again, the next min. r equal to 0.79" is for an angle 4 x 4 x 1-'8 weighing 9.8 lbs.
per ft. Its effective net area is 1.81 sq. in. which is ample. This is. therefore. the
lightest angle which will fulfill all the required conditions. Others may be found, in
order of their economy, by continuing this procedure.
AMERICAN 1NS TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTR UCT ION

118
EFFECTI V E NET AREAS OF ANGLES
SI..
Wa lghl
,:,
I MIn.
L
Nul Atea
in Sq. In.
J
,..
1'.1"0 Holes II". I.
Long L&Il ConMCIed
Holes _! !,". H......

One ' ,-
I' . .... Hole.
0., ,- OM ,-
Shott lag Connected
I"\!> Hoi ... :W'. HoI_
One J Two
''''''" CO. One Two _One Two
- - -- - -
2~K2
J-:(
2 J1K2%")(l~
3.62
4.1
A2
.49 1::::::: 0.62
0.69
..... ........ ..... .
....... ......... ........- 0.69 _._ ....
3 )( 27'2)(14 4.5 .53 1
: :.
0.81 r 0.75
'.'.
2Y.i x2 4.5 .42
. 1 0.77
3 3
2Y.ix2Y.ix~
4.9
5.0
.59
.49
.,
0.88 .
0.85 J -...... ........ ..... 0.88
0.85
2!1)l2
3Y.ix3
3 l\
~":l
3}.ix3!1
'i
l(
2!1x~
-I xI
4
5.3
5A
5.6
5.8
.42
.63
.53
. 69
I
....
0.97
1.03
0.92
1.00
1.00 .
1.06 ,
.. '.. --
....... .... -.. ,

1
0.931",.:::: :
-- .... 0.93
1.03 ._ ....... 1.06 .
1
4x3x ~~ 5.8 .65 1.06 1.10 1.13 _0_ ........ ........ .......... 1.00 ..........
2 !1X2Y.iX ~ 5.9 .49 1.00 ......... ........ ........ 1.001
3 X 3 X 6.1 . 59 1.09 1.09 .
3!1x3 X ~ 6.6 .63 1.20 1.24 1.16
3
2!1)( ~ 6.6 .52 1.19 1.10
r-_
37'.fx3!1x 5'\6 7.2 .69 1.28 1.32 1.28 1.32 ___
1.24 1 ._
4
3
33 'i b,lS- 7.2
7.2
.65
.58
1.32 .. 1.36 1.40
1.29 1.29

3 2M~116 7.6 .52 I 1.38 1.27
4 3.!1~ ~i& 7.7 .73 lAO 1.44 1.4B 1.36 1.40
3M:.:3 7.9 .62 1.13 1.48 . -.-. -... 1.39

4
4 rz
3 3 ;r.
8.2
8.3
.79
.58
1.47 1.51 1.55
1.49 1.41 ..... 1.51 ....
.... ..
1.55
1.49
3J1x3J1x ~ 8.5 .69 1.52 1.57 ..... 1.52 ... 1.57
4 3 ~
3
5

2}ix}i

3.!1)(~
8.5
8.5
8.7
.64
.52
.77
1.57 1.61
1. 71 (1.36) 1.75 (1. 44) 1.791(1.51)

1.66
1.56 ._ . r I 1.51
........ 1.62
I 1.47
1.44
1.55
4 X 3.!1)( %
, 9.1 .73 1.66 1.71 1.76 1.66
1.60
::~ii5ii
3M:x3 ~16 9.1 .62 1.71
5 4
3 3 )i
',,' 9.3
9A
.86
.58
178 i 1.43il
- . T" -, ... -- .. -,
1.86 (1.59) 1.63 ......... 1.66
1.69
1.70
1.69
4x4x ~" 9.8 .79 1.76 . 1.81 1.85 1.76 .. __ ..... 1.81 1.851
3~4x3MJ(Tlo 9.8 .68 1.76 1.82 'r'l l.76 ._ ....... 1.82,
4 X 3 X ~ 9.8 .64 1.821: 1.87 1.93 1.71 ........
372X3 X 10.2 .62 +.. 1.87 1.94 :.:~.:. ::: :...:::: :.:::::::: 1.81
5
3
4
5
X
X
3.!1xh-
3 )( 'il
43.!1x~
W
10.4
10.4
10.6
11.0
.76
.58
.72
.85
2.04 (1.62) 2.09 (1.71 ) 2.14{1.81) .
1.93
1.88
h.98
2.04
1.81 ._.... _._
........... . -.............
.. ... -..... 1.87 ..........
2.13 (1.71 ) 2.18 (1 .80) 2.22 (1.89) 1.94 1.99
r ..
1.851
1.88
1.93
2.03
3J1~3J1~J1 11.1 .68 2.00 2.06 . .. 2.00 ........ 2.06
4~3~J1 11.1 .64 2.06 2.12 2.19 .............. - ... 1.94 i
A "' ;;:RICAN I N STITUTE OF STEEL CON S T RUCT I O N

11 9
Si.e
We ight
1':" L
ll)flg Leg Con<*11td
Net Ate.
in Sq. In.
J
1 W'o Hole. I". Hole. W'O H...... 1 ~~.'. Hole. 1". Hoi.. X"ojI Hoi ..
,,- __ '~~='=_'---I-="=--~ One Two One T"", 0",, ' Two ~ One Two a..... Two
'-1--1-1------ --,-I
IO;;;--Two
--
4 ~: 4 X ~ 11.3 .78 2.04 2,09 . .... 2.15 ....... 2.04 ..........i 2.09 ...... 2.15 ...... _
3~x3 X I 11.4 .62 'I" 2.091........ 2.16 .. _............... __ .... _ .. __ ..... _ .... 2.02 .... --."
3~:3x~ 11.5 .58 ._ .__ ._,_ _ .......... 2.07 _._, .. _.. _............'.... ___ .... __ . ___ . 2.07 ....... _.
4 ): 3~xJi 11.9 .72 2.19 .. ______ 2.251..........
2.31 __ ...... _1' ,..........1 2.12 2.19 ......... .
5 ,: 3~x~ 12.0 .76 2.37 (1.88) 2.42 (1.99) 2.48 (2.09) ... ......... 2.09 2.15 ....... ,
~:~~ ~~:.~~ ~:*I ~~_:.~~ ~:~ ~~:_~.).~~~~C . _~) ~:!r1.99) ~:i~ ~~':::)
5x.5x Vs 12.3 .99
6):4x Vs 12.3 .88
3Y!!x3~x! M
4):3x ~J6
12.4
12.4
.68
.64
2"'1: ;:~I::::::: ;:iL ....i:: ;:iL::::. ::
3.;~3 X %
5 Ii 4 X ~
4 I: 4 X
4 I: 3~x!{,;
12.5
12.8
12.8
13.3
.62
.85
.78
.72
2.48 (1.99)
2.31 _. ___ ... 1
2.44 .........
1
2.53 (2.10) 2.59 (2.20)1 2.26,._. ____ ..., 2.31
2.37 _. 2.44 _... _ 2.31 .... .... 2.37
2.51 .. . 2.58 .. . ..."1" ...... 2.37
f 2.37 . __ ._. __
2.44 ... .
.... 2.44 .. .
7,: 4x Vs 13.6 .88 2.88 2.46 2.93 2.55 2.97 2.64 ' 2.32 .... ... 2.36 2.41 ..
~2.1.~~1 ~~'.~.~~ ~~ ~.7:l L....~. l:::: ::: : : .

5 It 37ix~ 13.6 .75
2.69 :::: ::: ... ...:.. ):::.. ..
3.!x3}ix~
4 It 3 X ~
3.ix3 X I~
13.6
13.&
13.6
.68
.64
.62
2.53 .... 2.61
..... ..... 2.52 .... .....
2.69 ..... . .... .. .... .
2.60 _".. . . _ '... __ _........
2.38 ...... .
2.43 ....... .
5)(5x J.W 14.3 .98 2.69 (2.20)12.74 (2.31 ) 2.80 (2.42) 2.69'(2. 20) 2.74 (2.31 ) 2.80 (2.42)
61(4x Ue 14.3 .87 2.91 (2.42) 2.96 2.53 3.02 2.63 2.47 ,.... 2.53 .... _.. 2.58 ..
4)(4x !{a 14.3 .78 ~ ~~ ~ =~ ~~ - ~- = -
5 )( 4 X )i 14.5 .85 2.81 (2.25) 2.871(2.37) 2.94 (2.50) 2.56' 2.62 .... 2.69 .....
4 X 3~x~ 14.7 .72 2.70 ,.. 2.78 .. 2.85 ..... 2.62 __ ... _... 2.70 ._.
3,;x3 X U 14.7 .62 .... 2.72, 2.81 . _.. ........ 2.62 .... _.. __
3,;x3}ix% 14.8 .68 2.69... .. 2.77 ... _ 2.69 __ ,. 2.77 ._.
4 X 3 X 111& 14.8 .64 2.77 2.86 ._ . __ .... 2.94 . ........ 2.60 ..
6 I[ 6 X Vs 14.9 1.19 2.88 (2.46) 2.93 2.56 2,98 2.65 2.88(2.46) 2.93 2.56 2.98 2.65
5 )( 3~x!1e 15.2 .75 3.01 (2.38) 3.08(2.52) 3.15 (2.66) _". .. 2.66 ..... 2.73 ....... .
4 ): 4 X ~ 15.7 .78 2.85 ______ 2.93 3.01 _ 2.85 2.93 . 3.01 ... __ ...
:: ::: . ~.:. ::: . ~..~.~. ::~I. ~.~~...~::l:r.. . . ::: "::':":. ::: :.: :.: :'
7 ): 4 x !16 15.8
4 ): 3Mxll(&1 16.0
3y,ix3Mx%, 16.0 .68 ..... _ ........ 2.91 .......... 3.00 ...... .... "'1 2.91 3.00 ......... .
4 ): 3 X %'
t:l<i.50"j~: ~ g ~: ~~II{i.-1"5.j ~:~!
16.0
5 ,: 5 X ~
6 ): 4 x!-i
16.2
16.2
::
.87
(2.62) 3.00 <i.sO) 3:-'2 (2.62)
3.31 (2.75)1 3.37 2.87 3.44 3.00 2.81 ..... __ _ 2.87
('i"7'S)
2.94 _.........
5,: 4x Ue 16.2 .85 3.15 (2.52) 3.22 (2.66) 3.29 (2.80) 2.87 ........, 2.94 3.01 ........ _
5 ,: 3~x% 16.8 .75 3.32 (2.61) 3.40 (2.77) 3.47 (2.93) _.... ___ _..... _._ 2.93 3.01 ,........ .
4 ,; 4 1~{,.; 17.1
1:~~ ~:~ (2.86jl ~:~ ..i:9i ~:~I--i08 ~:l;, (i.66y ~:~ I~ " i08'
X
6 )( 6 x ~ 17.2 2.97
8 l. 4 X ~t6' 17.2 .87 3.79 3.30 3.84 3.41 3.90 3.51 2.9 1 ~ ....... 2.97 3.02 ........ _
4
5
~
)l
372X3-1
4 X%
17.3
17.8 :~ , ~:~~1 (2.i7) ~:;~' (.i."9i.j ~:~I(iOtiji"i16L:~:=~ l~ il~ ::::::::::
A M ER I CA N IN ST IT U T E OF S T EEL CON ST R U CTI O N
,20
."
." L
~~_Long Lilli c..n.-toHI _ _ _ Shari
J
L-a eon.-t~,,~_ _
, Ii". HoI.. 1". Ho.... l " . Hoi.. 1 '.". HoI_ 1". Hola '';''0 HoIt!t
,. 0N0 Twa 0... T....,
f
0... Two Ono T.... One Two 0... T_
17.9 .87 3.81 3.25 3.873.37 3.94 3.50 3.06 J 3.12 - - 3.19 .__
18.1 .98 3.43 !'."'l3.50 (2.94 )' 3.57 (3.08) 3.43 (2.80) 3.50 (2.94) 3.57 (3.08)
18,' .87 3.71 3.08 3.78 3.22 3.85 3.36 3. 15 . 3.22 3.29_
18.3
18.5 "
..78 3.63 2.86 3.72 (3.03)
3.38 3,47
3.80 (3.20)
3.56 3.38
3.20
. 3,47 .. __
3.291..
3.56 .. .
3.80 (3.02) 3.88 (3.20) 3.97 (3.37) 3,45 , .... 3.54 .......1 3.63 ..... :::
5 x 4 x ~ 19.5 .84
6 x 6 II 19.6 1.18 3.81 (3.25) 3.87 3.37 3.94 3.50 3.81 (3.25) 3.87 3.37 1 3.94 3.50
8 x 4 It 19.6 .86 4.31 3.75 4.37 3.87 4.44 1 4.00 3.31 . 3.37 . 3.44 1 ...
5 x 3,!.i .. ~ 19.8
5 x 5 x ~ 20.0 ."
.98
3.93 (3.09) 4.03
3.79 (3.09)13.87
(3. 28)
(3.24)
4.12 (3,47) . ...
3.95 (3.40 1 3.79j(3.09)
3,47 3.56
3.87 (3.24)13.95 (3.40)
7x4K ~ 20.0 .87 4.271 3.64 4.341 3.78 3.92 3.43 .... 3.50 __ 3.S7 .
6 x 4
J( ~ 20.0 .86 4.10 (3.40) , 4.183.55 . 3.481... __ ... 3.55,,,..... 3.63 ._._
8x 6 x'", 20.' 1.31 4.22 3.73 4.28 3.84 . 3.781(3.29) 3.84 3.40 3.89 3.S1
5 x 4 )I ~ 21.1 ,S< '.13 1(3.'8) '.22 (3.") 3." ._ 3."', (.. .. ...
5 II 5 It Ij{, 21.8
6 x 4 x IJ,M' 21.8 .86

.98
:::: :::)::: (:: :" :~3~~ ::(3.:)j:: :~7'_

6
8
7
x
x
x
6
4
4
x
X
,,
x" 21.9 1.18
~
21.9
22.1
. 86
1 22.7
4.27 (3.63
4.83 4.20
.86 4.12 4.02
4.34 3.78
4.90 4.34
4.80 4.17
4.27 (3.63) 4.34 3.78
3.71._._. 3.78
3.78 .......... 3.86
.,
'1
4.41 3.92
3.85 .__ .. _.
3. _.... _.
5 x " X 1~ .S< 1 4.44 1(3.53) 4.54(3.73) 4.03 _........ 4.14 __ 4.24 _... _._
8X6X}iJ 23.0 1.30 4.81 4.25 4.87 4.37 '5;,1(,:,03), 4.31 (3.75) 4.37 3.87 4.44 4.00
5x5xU' 23.6 .97 4.50,!3.66) 4.60 (3.85) 't.' 4.50 (3.66) 4.60 (3.85) 4.69 (4.03)
6x4xU23.6 .86 4.88 4.03) 4.97 4.22 4.1 3...... 4.22 4.31
6 x 6 x ~ 24.2 1.18 4.73 4.03), 4.80 4.1 8 4.73 (4.02) 4.80 4.18 4.88 4.34
7 x 4 x IJ,M 24.2 .86 S.18 4.40 5.26 4.58 4.15 .. _...... 4.23 ._..... 4.32 ... _....
8x4x~ 24.2 . 86 5.35 4.65 4.10 .......... 4.18 _........ 4.26 ...... .
5 x 4
It ~ 24.2 .84 4.76 (3.n) 4.32 4,43 _ .... 4.54 ..... __
5x5xl ~W 25.4 .97 4.84 (3.93) 4.84 (3.93) 4.95j(4.13) 5.051(4.34)
6)(4x'" 25.4 .86 5.26 (4.35 4,45 4.55 4.65 ....
8x6xUs 25.7 L30 5,40 4.76 5.05 1 4.84 (4.20) 4.91 4.34 4.98 4,48
1
7X4X #, 26.'
8 x 8 x . , 26.'
.86
1.59
5.63 4.78
5.31 4.75
5.12 4.97
5.37 4.87
5.16
5.00
4.50 ._ ...
5.31 4.75
4.601......
5.371 4.87
4.69 ._ ..
5.44 5.00
26.'
l 1.17 5. , 8 (4,41 )1 5.27 4.58 5.354.75 5.18 (4.41 ) 5.27 4.58 5.35 4.75
6x6x . ''
8 X 4 x l~
5 x 5 x ~ 27.2
26.' '"
..97 5.871 5.09
5.19 (4.21)
5.95 5.27 6.04 5.44
5.30 (4,43) 5.41 (4.64)
4.49
5 19 (4.21 )
4.58
5.30 (4.43)
4.66 ...
5.41 (4.64)
6 x 4 X Ji , 27.2 .86 5.63 (4.64) 5.74 4.86 5.85 5.08 4.75 .... _, 4.86 4.97
7 It 4 It I" 28.2 86 6.07 5.16 6.17 5.36 6.275.56 4.85.._..... 4.95 . 5.05
A M ERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL. CO N S TRUCTION

121
Size
Weight
roo, ,
Mon.
L
long L&u Connected
N&t Afea
in Sq, In.
Sho.1 Leg Connected

J
C,'~~C"O'c"C"C'" ,:c"C"C"C'C'"=- li". Hoi ... 1 ',"'<II Hoi... 1".;\ Hnlel
-,--,--- I--~
loch,.. Lb. In. One Two One Two One Two 0... Two , One Two
8)(6)( %- 28.5 1.29 5.98 5.27 6.05 5.43 6.13 5.59 5,35 (4.65) 5.43 4.80 5.51 4.96
6 x6 x ~ 28.7 1.17 5.63 (4.78) 5.72 4.97 5.81 5.16 5.63(4.78) 5.72 4.97 5.81 5.16
B)( "' )( ~
5xSx 1 Ha
28.7
28.9
.85
,97
6.38 5.53
5.54 (4.49)
6.47 5.72
5.66(4.72)
6.56 5.91
5.78 (4.96)
4.88 4.97 ..
5.54(4.49) 5.66(4.72)
5.06 ....... .
5.78 (4.96)
6)( "')( l~ 28.9 .86 6.01 (4.96) 6.13 5.19 6.24 5.42 5.07 ..... . 5.19 ... 5.31
8x8x !-W; 29.' 1.58 5.96 5.32 6.03 5.46 6.105.60 5.96 5.32 6.03 5.46 6.10 5.60
7)(4)( % 30.2 .86 6.51 5.52 6.62 5.74 6.73 5.96 5.20 ......... . 5.3L 5.41 ,..... .
5)(5)(1 30.6 .97 5.87 (4.75) 6.00 (5.00) 6.12 (5.25) 5.87 (4.75) 6.00 (5.00) 6.12 (5.25)
6)(4)(\ 30.' ,86 6.37 (5.25) 6.50 5.50 6.62 5.75 5.37 ......... . 5.50 ......... 5.62 ....
6x6)(1%I 31.0 1.17 6.07 (5.15) 6.17 5.36 6.27 5.56 6.07 (5.15) 6.17 5.36 6.27 5.56
8x4xl~tls 31.0 .85 6.88 5.97 6.98 6.17 7.08 6.37 5.26 5.36 .... .. 5.46 ....... .
8xSx l l1t 31.2 1.29 6.55 5.78 6.64 5.95 6.72 6.12 5.86 (5.09) 5.95 5.26 6.03 5.43
7)(4)( l~ 32.1 .86 6.94 5.89 7.06 6.12 7.1716.35 5.53.... 5.65 .......... 5.77 ....... .
8 x 8 )( %* 32.7 1.58 6.60 5.90 6.68 6.05 6.76 6.21 6.60 5.90 6.68 6.05 6.76 6.21
6)(6)(% 33.1 1.17
8)(4)(% 33.1 .85

::(:::) :::,::: :::: ::<5'2) :::574 5,',8556"r'55,..96,...
7.376.25 7.50 6.50 7.626.75 5.87 .......... 6.00,f......... 6.12 ........ .
8)(6 x ~ 33.8 1.29 7.13 6.28 7.22 6.47 7.31 6.66 6.38(5.53) 6.47 5.72
7)(4)(1 34.0 .85
6x6)(' ~{& 35.3 1.17 6.94 (5.89) 7.06 6.12 7.186.36 6.94 (5.89) 7.06 6.12 7.186.36
8 x "')( I ~ 35.3 .85 7.88 6.83 8.~7'06 8.117.29 6.00 .......... 6.12 ......... 6.24 ......
8)( 8 x L~ 35.6 1.58 7.24 6.47 7.33 6.64 7.41 6.81 7.24 6.47 7.33 6.64 ~.~ 6.81
8)( 6)( l~ 36.5 1.28 7.10 6.78 7. 6.99 7.90 7.19 6.89 (5.97} 6.99 6.17 ;.;;:;; 6.38
6)( 6)( 1 37.4 1.17 7.37 (6.25) 7.50 6.50 7.62 6.75 7.37 {6.25) 7.50 6.50 7.62 6.75
8)( '" x 1 37.4 .85 8.3717.25 8.50, 7.50 8.627.75 6.37 .......... 6.50 ........ 6.62 .... .
8x 8)( ~ 38.9 1.57 7.88 7.03 1 7.9717.22 8.06 7.41 7.88 7.03 7.97, 7.22 8.06 7.41
1
SxSXYB 39.1 1.28 8.25 7.27 8.36, 7.49 8.47 7.71 7.38 (6.39) 7.49 6.61 7.60 6.83
8)(6 x l ~ 41.7 1.28 8.82 7.77 8. 8.00 9.06 8.24 7.88 (6.83) 8.00 7.06 8.127.30
8x8x 11 (a 8.51 7.59 8.61 7.79 8.71 8.00 8.51 7.59 8.61 7.79 8.71 8.00
8)(6xl
8x8x h;
42.0
44.2
45.0
1.57
1.28
1.57
9.37 8.25
9.138.14
W
9. , 8.50
9.248.36
9.62
9.35
8.75
8.58
8.37 (7.25)
9.138.14
8.50 7.50
9.248.36
8.6 7.75
9.35 8.58
8x6xlJ,K 46.8 1.28 9.93 8.74 1 '0. ~ 9.00 10.201 9.27 8.87 (7.67) ~'2 7.94 ;.~ 8.20
8x8x 1U6 48.1 1.56 9.75 8.70 9.87 8.93 9.99 9.17 9.758.70 9.8 8.93 ~.~: 9.17
8)(6)(1 "" 49.3 1.28 10.479.21 110.61 9.49 0.75,19.77 9.35 (808) 94 8.36 9.63 8.64
8)( 8)( 1 51.0 1.56 10.371 9.25 p O.50 9.50 10.62 9.75 10.37 9.25 1 ~:~ 9.50 10.6 9.75
8xS)(1!.M 54.0 1.56 19.99 9.7911.1210.06 1.2510.3210.99, 9.7911.1210.06 11.25,10.32
8)(8)(1 7'8 56.9 1.56 "" l o,33 ",741o,6111,88 ,0.89 11.60(",33 11.741061 11,881089
I I 1
AMEflIC~N INSTITUTE OF S TEEL. CONSTRUCTION
122
NET SECTION OF RIVETED TENSION MEMBERS

"
; ;
<
<
~ ,~
;
a
..
value. of : : In I""he..
The above chart will .impll!y the application of the rule lor net width, Sadlon 14 Pa ....
(el and (I) o f the Institute Specification.. Entering the chart at lolt or right with the ga,,~.
"II" and proceeding horizontally to Int ...... ction with the curve for the pitch ".", thence vert.-
(: .. 11), to top or bottom, the value of '~II may be read directly.
The example below lliultratn the application of the .uI8. and the ,,,... of the chart.
Ct..in ABC E F
Dedu ct for 3 holea > (~ + '>10) ~ - 2.625
Be./I _ 4 . " 2; add '*11 +0.25
CEo II .. 10, . . . 2 ... : add _*11 +0.16
Tot al Deduction - 2.215"
," o
Chain ABC 0 E F
Deduct for .. holes ~ (i/o + '!ti l -u,
BC, .. above, add
, CO./I " 6. . .. 4'>lo: add '~II
+ 0.25
+0.85
'"t , DE. II .. 4. ... 2: add
Total Deduction
'~~II + 0.25
2.15"
Net Width _ 18.0 - 2.215 _ 15.785" .
In comparing the path COE with the path CEo It I een that If the sum of the two values
of .~g for CO and OE exceed the ,lng l" value of '~II for CEo by more than the deduction for
one hole. then the path COE i. not critical as compared wlth CEo
Evid ently if the va lue of s~g for one leg CO of the path COE I.g~at .. than the deduction
for one hole. the path COE cannot be critical u compared with CEo The vertical dotted lin ...
in the chart Mrv. to Indicate. for th" r pective ri vet diamet .... noted at the top th.reof. thst
any vslu" of '~~I! to the right of s uch line I, derived from " non-critical chain which n.ed not
b~ further conlldcrcd.
AMERICAN IN STIT UT E OF STEE L CONSTRUCT I ON

123
REDUCTION OF AREA FOR RI V ET HOLES

AREA IN sa U ARE INCHES - ASSUMED DIAMETE:R OF HOLE BY THICKNESS OF .... ETAL
!'OR COMPUTATIO N PURPOSES RIVET HOLES SHALL BE T AKEN AS THE NOMINAL
DIAMETER OF TH E RIVET PLUS }1! INCH
Oi.mel.... 0/ Hof.e, Inch$l
~ J
.117
.156
.195
.234
.273
I .141
.188
.234
.281
.328
.1&4
.219
.273
.328
.383
.188
.250
.313
.375
.438
.211
.281
.352
.422
.492
.234
.313
.391
.469
.258
.344
.430
.516
.281
.375
.469
.563
.-
.3<)5
.506
.609
.547 .602 .656 .711
.313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .688 .750 .813
!-(6 .352 .422 .492 .563 .633 .703 .773 .844 .91 4
~ .391 .469 .547 .625 .703 .781 .859 .938 1.016
' ,," .43<) .516 .602 .688 .773 .859 .945 1.031 1.117
.469 .563 .656 .750 .844
"'"
.938 1.031 1.125 1.219
.506 .609 .711 .813 .914 1.016 1.117 1.219 1.320
% .547 .656 .766 .875 .984 1.094 1.203 1.313 1.422
',<& .586 .703 .82<> .938 1.055 1.172 1.289 1.406 1.523
1 .625 .750 .875 1.000 1.125 1.250 1.375 1.500 1.625
11)6 .664 .797 .93<) 1.063 1.195 1.328 1.461 1.594 1.727
l )i .703 .844 .984 1.125 1.266 1.406 1.!)47 1.688 1.828
1'16 .742 .891 1.039 1.188 1.336 1.484 1.633 1.781 1.930
1h' .781 .938 1.094 1.250 1._ 1.563 1.719 1.875 2.031
p. .984 1.148 1.313 1.477 1.641 1.805 1.969 2.133
l )i 1.031 1.203 1.375 1.!)47 1.719 1.891 2.063 2.234
",
1
1.078
1.125
1.258
1.31 3
1.438
1.500
1.617
1.688
1.797
1.875
1.977
2.063
2.155
2.250
2.336
2.438
1', 1.172 1.367 1.563 1.758 1.953 2.148 2.344 2.539
1~ 1.219 1.422 1.625 1.828 2.031 2.234 2.438 2.641
1 111 6 1.266 1.477 1.688 1.898 2.109 2.320 2.531 2.742
1~ 1.313 1.531 1.750 1.969 2.188 2.406 2.625 2.844
11'1& 1.586 1.813 2.039 2.266 2. 492 2.719 2.945
1% +.... 1.641 1.875 2.109 2.344 2.578 2.813 3.047
11; 16 ,............... ,.... 1.695 1.938 2.180 2.422 2.664 2.906 3.148
2 1.750 2.000 2.250 2.500 2.750 3.000 3.250
21;6 1.805 2.063 2.320 2.578 2.836 3.094 3.352
2 1.859 2.125 2.391 2.656 2.922 3.188 3.453
2', 1.914 2.188 2.461 2.734 3.008 3.281 3.555
2J:j' 1.969 2.250 2.531 2.813 3.094 3.375 3.656
-
...- .... ................ .... . 2.023 2.313 2.602 2.891 3.180 3.469 3.758
2.078 2.375 2.672 2.969 3.266 3.563 3.859
2.133 2.438 2.742 3.047 3.352 3.656 3.961
2.188 2.500 2.813 3.125 3.438 3.750 4.063
................ ...... """_1 2.297 2.625 2.953 3.281 3.609 3.938 4.266
2.406 2.750 3.094 3.438 3.781 4.125 4.469
2.516 2.875 3.234 3.594 3.953 4.313 4.672
2.625 3.000 3.375 3.750 4.125 4.500 4.875
AMERICAN IN STITUTE 01'" STEEL.. CONSTRUCTION

124
SPACING OF PLATE GIRDER STIFFENERS

References:-
Spec. Par. 10(.1) Web Shear not to e.'(ceed 13000 too. per sq. in.
19(b) hi t not to exceed 170
19(e) Intermediate StilTeners required if hi t exceeds ~
Note: If v - 13000, ~ - 70: intermediate VstilTcners are
therefore never required if hi t is less than 70.

I f hi t - 170 - ~ .v - 2200; therefore wherever shear is Ies9
than 2200 100. per sq. in .. no intermediate stiffeners are required,

regardless of values of "h" and "1."
19(e) Spacing "d" of intermediate sliiTeners. whM requiTed by the
foregoing. shall not exceed 84", nor
v 'h
270000 3 ( Vl
The solution of the foregoing equation for "d" can be facilitated by the use of the
Chart on the opposite page: its use will be explained by a typical example.
.. BC~
,
00000001
Web - 96" x %" - 60.0 sq. in" Angles 6/1 x 6". h - 967!i"- 12/1 - SHl/1.h/ t - l35
Assume mal(. calculated shear at A - 750 000 Ibs. Unit Shear 12500100.
B _ 570000 9500
C - 390 000 6500
D - 192 000 3200
E - 90000 1500
I. Enter chart at right with t _ %/1.
2. Proceed horizontally left to in tersection with clear depth h _ 84.5/1 (Position
estimated between full-line curves marked 80 and 90).
3. Note that this intersection lies between uni t-shear curves (dOlled ) marked
300) and 4000, or about 3700. This being greater than 3200 (a t 0 ). intermediat e
stiffeners are not obligatory in panel O-E-O (unless by reason of concentrated loads).
(This is a graphical ascertainment of the fact that 135 does not exceed _ ,fi!X'J).
v 3200
4. From the same intersection proceed vertically downward to the successive
intersections with the remaining unit shears, viz., 12500. 9500. 6500 (the intersection
with 6500 falls below the chart and is not needed).
5. Proceed horizontally left from each such intersection to the left border and
there read the required maximum dear spacing:
For Panel A-B. clear spacing "d" - 617!i" max,
B-C, _ 74"
" CD, .. " by intersection would exceed 84"; use
84" max.
A M E R1 CA N 1NST1TUTE 0 .. STEEL CO N ST RU CT10 N

STIFFENER SPACING CHART
d _ :1 70 900' ~=h
VT when Th e~ceeds
"
,I
,I
lines, clear depth h
LInes, Unit She.r

above which s l llfen,rs
are required
~
<
<
0
-
.
0
~
o
i
I
84" - Maximum d permitted by Specification if any intermediate stiffeners are

required by the Unit Shear.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STE;EL CONSTRUCTION

12.
ALLOWABLE STRESSES
PER SQUA RE INCH FOR
BEAMS AND G I RDERS
L ATERA LL Y UNSUPPORTED
f _ 22500
1_ Una--,ftd length in inch&l.
P
b" Width 0/ flange in IncheL
1+ 1800 b'
Tabulated allowable load, Riven 1... p,rt III m".t b e cftdueed, foe beam. laterally unl"pPOrtM,
..
in accordance with the ratio. given below.
, ,
-.,
Unit Unit
-.- ,
Sit...
( KlpoJ
Raiio ,
Sir
( Kipal
Ratio
1--1- 1--'
15.0 20.00 1.000 23.5 17.22 .661 32.0 14.34 .717
IS.5 19.85 .993 24.0 17.05 .852 32.5 14.18 .709
16.0 19.70 .985 24.5 16.87 .844 33.0 14.02 .70 1
16.5 19.54 .977 25.0 16.70 .83' 33.5 13.86 .693
17.0 19.39 .96' 25.5 16.53 .826 34.0 13.70 .885
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.23
19.07
18.91
.961
,953
.945
26.0
26.5
27.0
16.36
16.19
16,01
.818
.809
.601
34.5
35.0
35.5
13.54
13.39
13.23
......,,
,677
19.0 18.74 .937 27.5 15.84 .792 36.0 13.08 .654

19.5 18.58 .929 28.0 15.67 .784 36.5 12.93 .647
,0.0 18.4\ .920 28.5 15.50 .775 37.0 12.78 .63'
20.5 18.24 .912 29.0 15.34 .767 37.5 12.63 .632
21.0 18.07 .904 29.5 15.17 .758 38.0 12.49 .624
21.5 17.90 .895 30.0 15.00 .750 38.5 12.34 .617
22.0 17.73 .887 30.5 14.83 .742 39.0 12.20 .610
22.5 17.56 .878 31.0 14.67 .733 39.5 12.05 .603
23.0 17,39 .86' 31.5 14,50 .725 40.0 11 .91 .596
ALLOWABLE WEB SHEARS

PER SQUARE IN C H FOR
UNSTIFFENED WEBS
v
- -
A
( 8000
T
)'
h
V .. Te\.aJ thea, in Ib .. A_ 0 ....... _ olweb in a<j. in.
L ~I (K
1f (K L T
v
-. l (K il")
h
T (Kil"l I +I
r---
( Kil"l
. ~ I
(Kil"l
70
71
13.00
12.70
80
81
10.00
9.76
90
91
7.90
7.73
100
101
6.40
. 27 '"
111
5.29
5.19
125
130
4.1 0
3.79
72 12.35 82 9.52 92 7.56 102 6.15 112 5.10 135 3.51
73 12.01 83 '.29 93 7.40 103 6.03 113 5.01 140 3.27
74 11.69 84 9.07 94 7.24 104 5.92 114 4.93 145 3.04
75 11.38 85 8.86 95 7.09 105 5.81 115 4.84 150 2.84
7. 11.08 66 8.65 96 6.94 '06 5.70 117 4.68 155 2."
77
78
79
10.79
10.52
10.26
87
88
89
8.46
8.26
8.08
97
98
99
....
6.60
. 53
108
107
'09
55'
5.49
5.39
119
121
123
4.52
4.37
4.23
160
165
170
2.50
2.35
2.22
AMERICAN IN S TIT U T E OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

127
ALLOWABLE STRESSES PER SQUARE INCH

FOR
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Main Mombo<a, I r UP to 120

I .. Unbr."... t.nglll In InchM
,. , ,. ...
s-.dary M embw., I r 120 to 200
f .. 17000 o.~U I!
.' +
..,-I , ..,- ..-,

r .. . adllll 01 gyr ation in Incheo 1 ll1OOOr'
---
~
, Un,t
'"-, , Unit Un ,l Un,t
,
St._ ,
,
Unit
(K' ...)
(K i.,.)
(1(;.,.) ( KI..) (1<,..)
-- ._--
,
1 17.00 41 16.19 81 13.82 121 9.93
,.,
161 7.38

3
5
17.00
17.00
16.99
16.99
.
42
43
45
16.14
16.10
16.06
16.02
8'
...
83
85
13.74
13.66
13.58
13.50
122
123
12.
125
9.85
9.78
9.71
9.64
163
164
165
7.32
7.27
7.22
7. 16

7
16.98
16.98
46
47
15.97
15.93
8.
87
13.41
13.33
126
127
9.56
9.49
,,.7.. 7. 11
7.06
8 16.97 .8 15.88 88 13.24 128 9.42 168 7.01
9 16.96 49 15.84 89 13.16 129 9.35 '.9 . 96
10 16.95 50 15.79 90 13.07 130 9.28 170 6.91
11 16.94 51 9.22 171

15.74 91 12.98
'" . 86
12
,."
15
16.93
16.92
16.91
16.89
52
53
5<
55
15.69
15.64
15.59
15.53
..
92
93
95
12.90
12.81
12.72
12.62
132
133
134
135
9. 15
9.08
9.01
8.9<
172
173
17.
175
6.81
....
6.76
6. 71
1.
17
18
16.88
\6.86
16.84
56
57
58
15.48
15.42
15.37
96
97
98
12.53
12.48
12.34
".
137
138
8.88
8 .81
8.75
17.
177
178
6.62
6.57
6.52
19 16.83 59 15.31 99 12.25 139 8.68 179 . 48
20 16.81 60 15.25 100 12. 15 140 8.62 180 6. 43
21 16.79 61 15.20 101 12.05 141 8.55 181 . 38

22 ! 6.n .2 15.14 102 11.95 142 8.49 182 . 34
,.
23 16.74
16.72 ...65
63 15.08
15.01
103
10<
11.86
11.75
143
1..
8.43
8.36
183
18<
. 29
6.25
"
26
27
28
16.70
16.67
16.65
16.62
.
.7
68
14.95
14.89
14.82
14.76
105
106
107
108
11.65
11.55
11.45
11.34
145
14
147
148
8.30
8.24
8.18
8. 12
185
186
187
188
6.20
6.16
6.12
6.07
29 16.59 69 14.69 109 11 .24 149 8.06 18' . 03
30 16.56 70 14.62 110 11.1 3 150 8.00 190 5.99
31 16.53 71 14.56 111 11.02 151 7.9< 191 5.95

32
33
16.50
16.47
72
73
14.49
14.42
112
113
10.92
10.81
15'
153
7.88
7.82
192
193
5.91
5.86
11. 154 7.n 194 5.82
'"
35
16.44
16.41
74
"
14.34
14.27
"'
10.70
10.59 155 7.71 195 5.78
36 16.37 7. 14.20 11. 10.47 156 7.65 196 5.74

37 \6.3-4 n 14.12 117 10.36 157 7.60 197 5.70
38 16.30 78 14.05 118 10.25 158 7.5< 198 5."
39 16.26 79 13.97 119 10.13 159 7.49 199 5.62
40 \6.22 80 13.90 120 10.02 160 7.43 200 5.59
AMER IC AN IN STI TUTIl: 01' STEEl.. CO NSTR UCT t O N

12.
T
' - 'r-'
:I
COVER PLATED
W COLUMNS x--I--x
~ .L---,
y
14 IfF 320 CORE SECTION

COVER PLATES AXIS X.X AXIS V -V
T",'
. -
Total
Width
Thick_ OeQ,h
d
Weight
r." ,
Tol.Il
NN I S I , S
24 3%
--- - - - - - -
'". '" - -".- --- - .n.
24.06 912
--- - In.'
268.1
-- - -- - -
- - - -'"- - -
- - - - - -'".
In.t
22497
'". -
1 In.-
1870 9.16 9987 832

. 6.10
3).; 23.81 891 262.1 21638 1818 9.09 9699 808 6.08
3% 23.56 871 256.1 20797 1765 9.01 9411 784 6.06
3)4 23.31 850 250.1 19973 1714 .94 9123 7SO 6.04
3).; 23.06 830 244.1 19166 1662 8." 8835 736 6.02
3 22.81 81. 238.\ 18377 1611 8.79 8547 712 5.99
23 3
2
2~
22.81
22.56
22.31
789
77.
750
232.1
226.4
220.6
on..
17044
16321
1559
1511
1463
....
8.75
.SO
nl9
7465
n12
671
649
627
5.77
5.74
5.72
22 2~ 22.31 731 215.1 15791 1416 8.57 6515 592 5.50

2% 22.06 713 209.6 15115 1370 8.'19 6294 5n 5.<48
2).; 21.81 694 204.1 153 1325 8.U son 552 5.'45
2% 21.56 675 198.6 138116 1281 8.34 5850 532 5.43
2~-:I' 21.31 657 193.1 13175 1236 8.26 5628 512 5.4.
2).; 21.06 638 187.6 12558 1193 B.18 5406 491 5.37
2 20.81 619 182.1 11955 1149 8.1 0 5184 471 5.34
' 20.56 SOl 176.6 11367 1106 .02 4963 451 5.30
1~ 20.31 582 171.1 10792 1063 7.94 4741 431 5.26
1% 20.06 563 165.6 10232 1020 7." 4519 411 5.22
1;; 19.81 5 160.1 9686 97. 7.78 4297 391 5.18
20 1;; 19.81 524 154.1 9182 927 7.n 3635 364 4."
1% 19.56 507 149.1 6697 889 7.64 34. . 347 4.82
1)4 19.31 400 144.1 .225 852 7.55 3302 330 4.79
1. 1~ 19.31 473 139.1 7817 .,0 7.50 2850 317 4.53

1 ).; 19.06 458 134.6 7403 777 7.42 >n9 303 4.50
1 18.81 442 130.1 6... 744 7.33 2607 290 4.48
~lia are given for..s= Itttion; J'I'OP"r1.i .. of net .ection mun be uxd If uttcme fi!.>olq arc in tension.
Wf!lihu Ittven do not ; ude rlv~l head ...
For properlia and d,mensiom of 14 \/IF 320. ere pqtll 20.00 ZL
AMERICAN IN STITVT 0" STEEL CONSTRUCTION

129
~
~r",
t'
J--rnfr.,
d II >-
,Z'
COVER PLATED
W COLUMNS

I
e-.--.I
14 \/IF 32.0 CORE SECTION
COVER P\..A TES OIMENSIONS
1""_
I TN' TN' n .... O .. t.ua
....
"""'"
w
,. ,.
0.""
,..
d
W'~I
~ "'" "'''''-
,.. ,. . ,..
m
i
.
"-
24 3~
3);
3~
3M
24
23U
23ji
23~i
".
912
891
871
850
.",'"
5"
5",
11
11
11
11
."
6!,
., ~
slu.
34
3311
33M
33);
3-5*3
3-5*3
3-5)i-3
3-5*3
3ii 23 830 5" 11 '% 33 ~ 3-5.\1-3
3 22M 810 5" 11 '% 33ii 3-5.!1-3
23 3 22M 789 5" 10ji 51~' 32); 3-5>f-3

no 51,
2)1
2M
22);
22', 750 ""
.'"
10);
10); 5",
32M
32ii
3-5*3
3-5~
22 2M
2~
2);
22U
22
21M
731
713
694
.'"
'%
' liO
10
10
10
5",
~
~
31~
31U
31
3-5*3
3-5*3
3-5)i-3
2~
2M
21 );
21 J{
675
657
'1<0
' liO
10
10
."
4%
3011
30M
3-57'2-3
3-5}f.3
2ii 21 .38 ' liO 10 '% 30ii 3-5*3
2
1)1
2O~
20);
619
601
."
31~'
10
10 .'"
."
3O~
3O~
3--5*3
3--5*3
1M
1~
1);
2O '{
20
19~
582
....
563
3'"
3'"
3liO
10
10
10
.','"'4O' 30
2911
29~
3-5*3
3-5*3
3-5*3
20 1);
1~
19~
19}4
52.
507
3~'
3"
9
9
."
."
28U
28
3-5*3
3-5.1+3
lJ~ 19U' .90 3" 9 3% 27Ja 3-5J,f-3
18 lli 19J4' 473 3'. 8 3u 28); 3-5M-3

Iii 19 '58 3'10 8 31 ~ 28M 3-5.!+3
1 18,... 442
3" 8 3'" 28ii 3-5.!+3
~lIa.,e *,vm for en- .eellan; propmJs 01 nH KCtion must be uted If.,.~ flbtn are in \m.ion.
We .. h~ I'"'" do not Include ";vet beald ..
"'or IlfO\)m.ls and dimcnsiom of ." IN=" 320, _ ~ 20 end 21.
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE OF STEEl. CONSTRUCTION

130
T
PLATE AND ANGLE COLUMNS " x___
I PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
+

!
---x
SHORT LEGS CONNECTED TO WEB PLATE

,
.. - ...
MATERIAL AXI S X-X , AXIS V-V
w....' 0,_
, ,
""'.
T""
NU
"' -""'"
T_ I S S
""'
w"
",.
, ~,
"-
,~
-In.'- -tn.'- - -
1
'". - - --
,.
- c..
'" '". --
- - --
In'
16x 1 ~ ex8x I~ 914 268.9 lBOB 1817.3 9677 6.00

24 II: 3W'
2 4 :11: 3 ", 23U
24 Ie
"
3M 23)i
894
87'
262.9 20951 1764.3
256.9 20114 1711.8
9.01
8.93
8.85
9389
9101
806.4
782.4
758.4
'.98
5.95
23 K 3M 23)i 850 24 9.9 19407 1651.7 8.81 8135 707.4 5.70
16 lC l U Dx8x l " 23 Xl)oi 23)i 831 244.5 19244 1637.8 8.B7 8051 700.1 5.74
23 x 3'" 23.!4 81 2 238.7 18460 1588.0 8.79 7798 678. 1 5.72
23)( 3U 23 792 233.0 17691 1538.3 8.71 754. 656.0 5.69
23 X 3Ji 22)/ 773 227.2 16939 1489.1 8 .63 7291 634.0 '.68
16x 1~ 811 B)( 1 23)( 3}i 22)/ 754 221.6 16n3 1474.5 8.70 7211 627.0 5.70
23)( 3 22)i 734 2 16.0 16037 1425.5 8.62 6957 605.0 5.67
22,3 22)i 714 2 10.0 15462 1374.4 8.58 6198 583.5 5.43
15 Xl 8x6xl~ 21)i 697 204.9 13965 1299.1 8.25 6273 570.3 5.53
22 " 550.2
22 x 2Ji 21.14 678 199.4 13336 1255.2 8.18 6052 5.51
8lC6xl 22 x 2Ji 211{ 658 193.5 13136 1236.3 8.24 5942 540.2 5.54
22 x 2U 21 639 188.0 12522 1192.6 8.16 5721 520.1 5.52
22 x2U 20)/ 621 182.5 11924 1149.3 8.08 5499 499.9 5.49
22 x 2}i 2O)i 602 177.0 11338 1106.1 8.00 5277 479.7 5.46
8x6x J.i 22 X 2}i 2O)i 581 170.9 11119 1084.8 8.07 5171 470.1 5.50
22 X 2 ~i 20 1:( 583 165.4 10549 1041.9 7.99 '949 449.9 5.47
21 x 2)1 20 11 547 160.7 10168 1004.2 7.96 4400 419.0 5.24
8x4xl 20 X 2'i 2O~1 52' 154.0 9937 981.4 8.03 4001 400.1 5.10
20 X 2 1 20 507 149.0 9429 942.9 7.95 383' 383.4 5.07
19 X 21:( 20 '91 144.5 9073 9073 7.92 3406 358.5 '.86
14 X I 8x4xl 19 X 2 l " 19 '88 143.5 7999 842.0 7.46 3406 358.5 4.87
18 x 21~ 19 '73 139.0 7582 808.6 7.43 3021 335.7 '.68
14x J.i 8x4x l5" 18 X 2)( 19 .58 134.7 7570 796.8 7.49 2948 327.6 ' .68
18x2~ 18U 443 130.2 7170 764.8 7.42 2827 314.1 '.68
17 x2~ 18U .29 126.0 6875 733.3 7.38 2501 294.2 4.45
17 x 2 IBM '14 121.7 6506 703.4 7.31 2399 282.2 4.44
17 x l Ji 18!1 '00 117.5 6147 673.6 7.23 2296 270.1 4.42
17 X IU 18 385 113.2 5797 644.1 7.16 2194 258.1 4.40
17 X I '" 17U 371 109.0 5459 615.1 7.07 2092 246.1 4.38
14 x 1!1l 8x4x J,i 17 X 1 ~ 17U 359 105.6 5352 603.0 7.12 2033 239.2 4.39
17 X l }i 17)i 345 101.3 5022 573.9 7.04 1931 227.2 4.37
17 X l!i In1 330 97.05 4701 545.0 6.95 1828 215.1 4.34
17 X \J, 17 316 92.80 4390 516.5 6.88 1726 203.1 4.31
17 X lH 16M 301 88.55 4087 488.0 6.79 1623 190.9 ...8
~ia are givm ~ lItion; proptrtia of net -.ioo m...t be uwd if attl'ml! fiben are ill tmoiorL
Wticb ~ civ.... do DOt' \>de rivet head ..

131
T
~
i x- -- ---x
PLATE AND ANGLE COLUMNS
PROPERTIES
'ilr
-.JL
OF SECTIONS
,I SHORT 1.EGS CONNECTED TO WEB PLATE
MATERIAl...
,~, Weight
"'-
Nn
AXIS X-X
,
,
I AXIS Y_V
,
w.,
0.-
PI"" ""'-
F_ ,~
e-
Pllt.. ""'" -I':.- - -1--.;;:;- --;;;:;- - '"-.- ---;-;;-;- -,.,- -...-
I S I S
'". -".- - - In.'

-- --
14 X ~ 8x4x l !(s 17 X 131 16 ~~ 290 85.11 3980 475.2 6." 1566 \84.2 '.29
8x4xl ~ 17 X I 16)1 275 SO.86 3686 446.8 6.75 143 172.1 4.25
7x4xl ~ 17 X 1 16J.i 264 77.62 3536 428.6 6.75 12'" 148.2 '.03
7 X " I(!tlll 17 X 1M. '6 J~ 257 75.50 3393 414.4 6.70 1209 142.2 '.00
7 x4 X l!k 16 X ~ IS}1 243 71.62 3148 387.4 6.63 1039 129.9 3.81
7x4xl~ 16x I~ 16Ji 237 69.62 30" 374.2 6." 996 124.5 3.78
7 x4x U 16x % 16Ji 229 67.26 2931 363.5 6.60 962 120.3 3.78
14 X I ~ 7)( 4 )( ~
7x4 It ~
16 X ~
16 X 1116
16
15 ~
21'
212
64.39
62.39
2788
2661
348.5
335.2
6."
6.03
".
871
114.3
108.9
3.77
3.74
14 :~ '" 7 x4x ~ 16 X ~ 15K 202 59.51 2521 320.1 6.51 823 10'2.9 3.72
14 X ~' 7)(4)(" 16 X 'is 15 ~
,..
192 56." 2364 308.2 6.49 ITS 96.' 3.70
IsH
..
Ll 16 X '11 54.24 2295 293.8 6.5\ 743 92.' 3.70
7x4x "
7)(4x ll16 16)11 M Wi 52.24 2174 280.5 6.45 700 87.5 3.66
14 ~ 7x4 X ~ 16 X J.i 15J~ ,"8 48.92 .on 267.4 6.51 661 82.6 3.68
..
X
7 x 4x ~ 15x ~ 15 ~ 157 ".05 1903 247.5 6.43 566 75.5 3.51
7x4 X ~ 15 x I, 15 1-1
15 1-1
150 44.17
" 235.3 6.37 031 70.8 3.'17
7x 4x '1II
7x4x '"
l
15 x ~
- 14 Ii
"2
136
41.73 1700
40.12 1434
223.0
197.8
6.38
5." .,.
.99 66.5
57.7
3.4
3.23
7x4x ~ 14}i 128 37.76 1348 185.9 5." 386 03.2 3.20
7 x 4x I!M - 141i 120 35.36 12'" 173.8 5.97 354 48.8 3.16
7x4x ~ " J.i 112 32.92 1171 161.5 5.96 320 44.1 3.12
7x4x " - " J.i 104 30.48 1078 148.7 5.95 288 39.7 3.08
14 x '-"8 7x4x t"il
7 x4x M
- " J.i 97.9
89.5
28.73
26.25
104'
953
144.7
131.4
6.04
6.03
280
249
39.0
34.6
3.12
3.08
" J.i
6x4 x J..!i - " Ji 82.7 24.25 856 118.1 5." 160 25.9 2.57
6x4x H. - 14J..!i 75.1 21.97 no 106.2 5.92 139 22.5 2.52
5x3,lix }i - " J.i 72.3 21.~5 745 102.8 5.92 94.7 18.3 2.11
5x3M x"l1i
5x3}ix !-i
- " Ji
141--1
65.9
59.5
19.37 673
17.45 597
92.8
82.3
5.89
5.85
82.3
70.6
15.9
13.6
2.06
2.01
4x3x 716 - " Ji 57.1 16.73 5n 78.9 5.85 43.6 lOA 1.61
4x3x "'~ - 14}i 51.9 15.17 509 70.2 5.79 37.3 8.9 1.57
14 x t it 4x3x 'i - " Ji 48.9 14.30 495 68.3 5.88 36.3 8.7 1.59
4x3x Ui - 14.J,.i 43.7 12.74 '31 59.4 5.81 30.3 7.3 1.54
191 5.56 83.1 3.10
""
12>: M 6x4l1 U 13l1 U 58.26 1742 248.9 540
6x 4x ~ 1311 U In 51 .94 1634 233.4 5.61 495 76.2 3.09
12 x ~
12 Y'M
6x4 l1 ~
6x 4 x ~i
13 l1U
13 x !i
1 3~.j"
13 1~
161 47.20 "GO
43.19 1300
21 2.4
192.6
5.56
5.49
."
393
68.0
"'.5
3.06
3.02
"7
""'*
..n'pert ..... lU"e glvcn lor ...:1_: P<O\>Ort>d o r net 1tCI.ot1 mwt be...m If <:Su ...... librn IU"C In tcr.lon.
W ~lhlA I'V""' do not ",dude nv<:l h<-acb.
AM .. FUC"N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI O N

PLATE AND ANGLE COLUMNS ~
I PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
+ x- - -

~
_ _- . " f
SHORT LEGS CONNECTED TO WEB PLATE ,

MATERIALS
W"ght 0._ - AX,S X-X
,
AX,S V_y
,
......
I Total
r.:.
,- . ,. . .
OM T~ Depth Area
I S I S
",.
WoO
I Angl .. --
hI '
- I,,
--
'" . , I~ '" . '"
31 13 X U
" 52.9 2_96
12 II: 6x4x
ex4)(!i6
6x4;o;1 "
%
13x ~(e
--
13M
13)1
12)<;
134
120
108
39.20
35.36
31.60
1145
1017
794
112.8
155.0
127.0
5.41
5_36
5.01
'"
JOO
228
46.2
36.5
2.91
2.69
6x4x ,,", -- '2 1 2 100 29.44 741 118.6 5_02 206 33.0 2.65
6x4x U. -- 121i 92_8 27.24 683 109.3 5.01 186 29.8 2.61
12x ~ 6x 4l( ~
6x4. ~
--
--
121 '1
12)<;
87.7
80.1
25.74
23.50
655
005
106.4
96.8
5.08
5.07
180
160
29.1
25.9
2.64
2.61
6)(4)( ~ -- 121~ 72.5 21.22 544 87.0 5.06 139 22.5 2.56
6)(4x ", -- 12 12 64.5 1894 481 77.0 5.04 119 19.2 2.51
5x3J.ix ~" -- 12"'2 63.3 18.62 .76 76.2 5.06 82.3 15.9 2.10
1 2x~ 5x3~x~ -- 12 1., 60_8 17.87 467 74.7 5.11 80_7 15.7 2. 13
5x3 ~lIYs --
--
12)<; 54.4 15.95
15.23
4'12 65.9 5.08 69.2
42.4
13.4
10.2
2.08
1.67
" x3x ~ 12.J,.i 52.0 395 63.2 5.09
4xlx Ys -- 12'i 46_8 13.67 350 56.0 5.06 36_3 8.7 1.63
")l3x ~ -- 12M 41.6 12.11 304 48.' 5.01 30.3 7.3 1.58
lOX M 5x3.J,.ix"," 11 X I~ M 11 % 136 39.81 898 151.2 4.75 276 50.2 2_63
10 X }i& 5)t3}i_%
5)t3}S_J,i
11 )t ~M 11 ~
11 ~
12'
111
36.43
32.75
7!18
134
137.3
126.3
'4.73
_68 245
221
44.5
40.2
2.59
2_60
11 )t '"
10 X '" 5)t3}i_;i 11)t ~ 11 ~ 99.9 29_38 637 112.0 '.66 192 34.9 2_55
5)t3,!.i _}i II )t ~ .. 11 )1 90_5 26.63 5m 99.1 ' _55 164 29.8 2 ..48
5)t3 }i _~ -- 10)<; 80.0 23.43 413 78.7 ' .20 118 22.7 2.25
5)t3j.i_Ua -- 10M 73,6 21.63 3"2 72.8 '_20 107 20.6 2.22
10)t ~" 5_3,!-i_~ -- 10\.1 65.0 19.13 34. 65_5 4.24 92_7 18.0 2.20
5)t3,!-i)tUe -- 10)<; 58_6 17.25 310 59_0 4.24 80_7 15.7 2.16
10)t U 5)t3 ,!-i_~ -- 10 1.'1 50_1 14.70 269 51.2 ' .28 67.8 13.2 2.15
4_3 _~H -- 10 l i 47.7 13.98 2!i7 49.0 4.28 41 .4 to.O 1.72
4 _3)t ~ -- 10 11 42.5 12.42 Z!7 43.2 4.28 35.4 8.6 1.69
4)t3 )t~" -- 10 1 ~ 37.3 10.86 HI6 37.3 4.25 29.6 7.2 1.65
4 x3xl .. -- 10 1 2 31.7 9.26 164 31.2 4.21 23.7 5.7 1.60
8 X~ 4)t 3_ n -- 8 L.1 69.4 20.36 22. 52.7 3.32 69.3 16.5 1.84
4x3)t %
4)t 3)t ~'
--
--
8 11
8 12
64_6
59.8
18.92
17.48
209
194
49.2
45.6
3.32
3.33
62.7
56.'
15.0
13.5
1.82
1.80
4)t3)tj.i -- 8 11 54.6 16.00 178 4 1.9 3.34 SO.1 12.0 1.77
8)t ~ 4)t3)t ~"
4)t3x ,",
--
--
81~
8 12
47.7
42.5
13.98
12.42
158
14<1
37.2
32.9
3.37
3.36
42.4
36.3
10.2
8_7
1.74
1.71
8 _U 4 )t3_ ~ -- 35.6 10.36 118 27.8 3.38 29.6 7.2 1.69
8' l
4)t 3)t J4 -- 81~ 30.0 8.76 99 .. 7 23.5 3.37 23.7 5.7 1.65
3)t2Mx1 i6 -- 8)1 29.2 8.48 91.2 21.5 3.28 12.9 '.1 1.23
3_2}.i)t~4 -- 8h 24.8 7_24 76.5 18.0 3.25 10.3 3_3 1.19
~_ ar~ IIW<:JI for rn:o- ....:tion: prOpertin of nt1. KC\lOn mInt be \lied ,f uU'=e 6ben are '" tension.
We'gbta,ivt n do not ;llI'Iud~ r ,vet h<'3dI.
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL C ONSTRUCTION

133
TWO EQUAL ANGLES

x~rI
,
y
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS -'1
.- -- We;,kt
, ..,
kg ,o.XIII x-x R,IIDI! 0" GYRATION AeOUT ",XIS Y_V
Si..
,.. 1
Thlck_
'". "
w,
,",'" A"IIiel
-In.- -In.'-
I
sJ_',.___,_ 0
I" ' ,.
,
&ock t~ Bad< 01 AncIOl, II'IChQ
% '.
- - - -'"- - -- "
In .>
I -1-- --- -- --
"8 1% 113.8 33.46 195.94 35.06 2.42 2.41 3.42 3.50 3.55 3.60 3.64 3.69
I 10'2.0 30.00 177.96 31.60 2.44 2.37 3.40 3.49 3.53 3.58 3.62 3.67
'i 90.0 26.46 159.16 28.04 2.45 2.32 3.38 3.46 3.51 3.55 3.60 3.64

77.8 22.88 139.48 24.36 2.47 2.28 3.36 3.45 3.49 3.54 3.58 3.63
~"8 65.4 19.22 118.86 20.60 2.49 2.23 3.34 3.42 3.47 3.51 356 360
li 52.8 15.50 97.26 16.72 2.50 2.19 3.33 3.41 3.45 3.50 3.54 3.59
6,6 I 74.8 22.00 70.92 17.14 1.80 1.86 2.59 2.68 2.n 2.77 2.82 2.87
11 66.2 19.46 63.84 15.26 1.81 1.82 2.57 2.66 270 2.75 2.80 2.85
li 57.4 16.88 56.30 13.32 1.83 1.76 2.55 2.64 2.68 2.73 2.78 2.82
li 48.4 14.2'2 48.32 11.32 1.84 1.73 2.53 2.62 2.66 2.71 2.75 2.80
li 39.2 11.50 39.82 9.22 1.86 1.68 2.51 2.59 2.64 2.68 2.73 2.77
% 29.8 8.n 30.78 7.06 1.88 1.64 2.49 2.58 2.62 2.66 2.71 2.76
5<5 1 61.2 18.00 39.28 11.60 1.48 1.61 2.19 2.28 2.33 2.38 2..42 2.47
Ji 54.4 15.96 35.52 ,0.34 1.49 1.57 2.17 2.26 2.31 2.35 2.40 2.45
9.00 2.42
"
47.2 13.88 31.48 1.51 1.52 2.14 2.23 2.28 2.32 2.37
~ 40.0 11.72 27.16 7.72 1.52 1.48 2.12 2.21 2.26 2.30 2.35 2.40
..,
J.i
h
li
~
'1
32.4
24.6
37.0
31.4
25.6
9.50
7.22
10.88
9.22
7.50
22.50
17.48
15.34
13.32
11.12
6.32
4.84
5.62
' .80
3.94
1.54
1.58
1.19
1.20
1.22
1.43 2.10
1.39 2.09
1.27
1.23
1.18
1.74
1.72
1.70
2.19
2.17
1.83
1.81
1.78
2.23
2.22
1.88
1.86
1.83
2.28
2.26
1.93
1.91
1.88
2.32
2.31
1.98
1.96
1.93
2.37
2.35
2.03
201
1.98
'.
J.
19.6
13.2
5.72
3.88
8.72
6.08
3.04
2.10
1.23
1.25
1.14
1.09
1.68
1.66
1.77
1.74
1.81
1.79
1.86
1.83
1.91
1.88
1.95
1.93
3~)(3 ~ ~I 32.0 9.38 9.92 ' .22 1.03 1.15 1.54 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.79 1.84
27.2 7.96 8.68 3.62 1.04 1.10 1.52 1.61 1.66 1.71 1.76 1.61
""
li 22.2
17.0
6.50
'.96
7.28
5.74
2.98
2.30
1.06
1.07
1.06
1.01
1.50
1.48
1.59
1.58
1.64
1.61
1.68
1.68
1.73
1.70
1.78
1.75
" 11.6 3,38 '.02 1.68 1.09 .97 1.46 1.55 1.59 1.64 1.68 1.73
3,3 li 23.0 6.72 5.24 2.60 .88 .98 1.32 1.41 "'6 1.51 1.57 1.62
J.i 18.8 5.50 4.44 2.14 .90 .93 1.29 1.39 1.43 1.48 1.53 1.58
",,. 14.4
9.8
'.22
2.88
3.52
2.48
1.66
1.16
.9'
.93
.89
.8'
1.28
1.25
1.37
1.34
1.41
1.38
1.46
1.43
1.51
1.48
1.56
1.53
2~)(2.li J.i 15.4 4.50 2.46 1.44 .74 .81 1.10 \.19 1.24 1.29 1.34 "'0
h 11.8 3.46 1.96 \.14 .75 .76 1.07 1.16 1.21 1.26 1.31 1.36
J. 8.2 2.38 1.... .78 .n .72 1.05 1.14 1.19 1.24 1.29 1.34
2,2 h 9.4 2.n .96 .70 .59 .54 .87 .97 1.02 1.07 1.12 1.18
), 6.38 1.88 .70 .50 .61 .59 .85 .94 .99 1.04 1.09 \.1 4
AM!;R1CAN IN ST ITUTE O F STEEL CONSTRUCTION

134
9l'r -'
y
-,r TWO UNEQUAL ANGLES

x- -
I
y
-- x --!
SHORT L.EGS BACK TO BACK
, , "n
-
AXI S X - X "APlt 01" GYRATION ABOUT "XIS V-V
We.,ht
,
I ~ <J- - -'1- - - -
T hic~ _ ~,
Back to Back of Ang les, Inches
Sire
Angl.,. Angt",
0 )j Ji )j li
'". '". -"- - In.' ~
-- In.'
~~
~'"~
~~
--
'"
--- - -
',6 1 88-' 26.00 77.56 17.84 1.73 1.65 3.64 3.73 3.78 3.82 3.87 3.92
"~
78.2 22.96 69.72 15.88 1.74 1.61 3.62 3.71 3.76 3.81 3.85 3.90
67.6 19.88 61.44 13.84 1.76 1.56 3.60 3.69 3.73 3.78 3.83 3.87
57.0 16.72 52.66 11.76 1.77 1.52 3.58 3.67 3.72 3.76 3.81 3_85
." I ~6.0 13.50 43.36
74.8
66.2
22.00
19.46
9.58
23.28
21.08
7 .88
7.02
1.79
1.03
1.04
1.47
1.05
1_00
3.56
3.95
3.93
3.65
'_05
._02
3.69
4.10
4.07
3.74
4.15
4,1 2
3.78
'.20
3.83
4.25
"
4 .17 '_22
li 57.4 16.88 18.72 6.14 1.05 _95 3_90 3 .99 '.04 '_09 4.14 4.19
48.4 14.22 16.20 5.24 1.07 .91 3_88 3 .98 4.07 4.12 4.17
I
II '.02
39.2 11.50 13.48 '.30 1.08 _86 3.86 3.95 '.00 '.05 '.09 4.14
7" 68.0 20.00 22.46 7.74 1.06 1.10 3-'0 3.49 3.54 3.59 3_64 3.69
~
60-' 17.72 20.36 6.92 1.07 1.05 3.37 3.46 3.51 3_56 3.61 3.66
52.4 15.38 18.10 6.06 1_09 1.01 3.35 3.44 3.49 3.54 3.59 3.64
% 44.2 12.96 15.68 5.16 1.10 .96 3.32 3.42 3.47 3.51 3.56 3.61
Ji 35.8 10.50 13.06 4.24 1.11 .92 3.31 3.40 3.45 3.49 3.54 3.59
% 27.2 7.96 10.20 3.26 1.13 .87 3.28 3.38 3.42 3.47 3.52 3.56
6,
"
54.4 15.96 19.50 6.78 1.11 1.12 2.82 2_92 2.97 3.02 3.06 3.1 1
li 47.2 13.88 17.36 5.94 1.12 1.08 2.80 2_90 2.95 2.99 3.04 3.09
40.0 11.72 15.04 5_08 1.1 3 1.03 2.78 2.87 2.92 3.01 3.06
II
)j
32.4
24.6
9.50
7.22
12.54
9_80
4.16
3.20
1.15
1.17
.99
.94
2.76
2.74
2.85
2.83
2.90
2.87
2.97
2.95
2.92
2.99
2.97
3_04
3.02
5x 37!\! ~ 39.6 11 .62 11.10 4.44 .98 1-00 2.34 2.43 2.48 2.53 2.58 2.63
% 33.6 9.84 9_66 3_80 .99 .95 2.3 1 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60
"'
27.2 '.00 8.10 3.12 1.01 .91 2.29 2.38 2.43 2.48 2.53 2.58
)j 20.' 6.10 6.36 2.42 1.02 .6 2.27 2.36 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55
4 x 3% li 34.6 10.12 10.36 4.30 1.01 1.09 1-80 1_90 1.94 1.99 2.04 2.10
% 29.4 '_60 9.04 3_68 1.03 1.04 1.77 1.87 1.91 1.96 2.01 2_06
"'
23.8 7.00 7.58 3.04 1.04 1.00 1.76 1.85 1.89 1-94 1-99 2_04
V- 18.2 5.34 598 2.34 1-06 .96 1.74 1_83 1.88 1.92 1.97 2_02
"3 % 27.2 7_96 5.74 2.70 .5 _'7 1-84 1.94 1.99 2.03 2.08 2.14
"'
22.2 6 .50 '.84 2.24 .6 .83 1.82 1.92 1_96 2.01 2.06 2.11
)j 17.0 '_96 3.84 1.74 .88 .7' 1.80 1.89 1.94 1.98 2.03 2_08
~ 11.6 3.38 2.72 1.20 .90 .7' 1.78 1.87 1.92 1.96 2.01 2_06
3M x 3 % 25.0 7.34 5.52 2.66 _'7 _92 1.58 1.67 1.72 1.77 1.82 1.87
_88
~)i
20.4 6.00 '.66 2.20 .88 1.56 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85
15.8
10.8
'.60
3.12
3.70 1.70
1.18
_90
.91
.83
_79
1.53 1.62 1.67 1.72 1.77 1.82
2.60 1.52 1.61 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80
3 x 2% )j 13.2 3.84 2.08 1.16 _74 _71 1.34 1.43 1.48 1.53 1.58 1.63
)i 9.0 2.62 1.48 .80 _75 .66 1.31 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60
2% x 2 V- 10.6 3.10 1.02 .72 .58 .58 1.13 1.22 1.27 1.32 1.38 1.43
~:I' 7.2 2.12 .7' .50 _59 .54 1.11 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40
AMeRICAN lN STITUTI;; OF STI;;I;;L C O NSTRUCTION

135
x9F=t ,
y
TWO UNEQUAL ANGLES
PROPERTI ES OF S ECT IONS lr
LON G LE GS BACK TO BACK
tt..... x-x
-'"
... XIS RADII 01' GYRATION AIIOUT AXIS Y V
"", ,
W..
Thd
, ,
-' -I~
SI~ l'I..:k 10 e..clo: of ... ",1... Inc:ha
""'- f--J.;-;-
""'''' - 'l ~ ~ ' ~ .~.~[ ~ ~
'".
8>6 1
"
88.4 20.00
- - '" '".
In '
161.56
In'
30.'22 2,49 2.65 2.39 2.48 2.52 2.57 2.61 2.66

li 78.2 22.96 144.62 20.82 2.51 2.61 2.37 2.46 2.50 2.55 2.59 2.64
~ 67.6 19.88 126.84 23.34 2.53 2.56 2.35 2.44 2.48 2.52 2.57 2.61
57.0 16.72 108.20 19.74 2.64 2.52 2.34 2.42 2,46 2.51 2.55 2.60
11 46.0 13.50 88.62 16.04 2.56 2.47 2.32 2.'" 2.44 2.48 2.53 2.57
8" 1 74.8 22.00 139.28 28. 12 2.52 3.05 1.47 1.56 1.61 1.66 1.71 1.76
li 66.2 19,46 124.92 24.98 253 3.00 1.44 1.53 1.58 1.63 1.68 1.72
~ 57.4 16.88 '09.78 2 1.76 2.55 2.95 1,42 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.64 1.69
48.4 14.22 93.82 18.42 2.57 2.91 1.'" 1.49 1.53 1.58 1.62 1.67
11 39.2 11 .50 76.98 14.98 2.59 2.86 1.38 1.46 1.51 1.55 1.60 1.64
7, 4 1 68.0 20.00 95.4& 21.70 2. 18 2.60 1.53 1.62 1.67 1.72 1.77 1.82
li 60.4 17.72 85.84 19.30 2.20 2.55 1.50 1.59 1.64 1.68 1.73 1.78
52.4 15.38 75.62 16.84 2.22 1.57 1.62 1.66 1.11 1.76
~
2.5\ 1.48
44.2 12.96 64.78 14.28 2.24 2.46 1.46 1.55 1.59 1.64 1.68 1 .73
35.8 10.50 53.30 11 .62 2.25 2.42 1.45 1.53 1.57 1.62 1.66 1.71
h 27.2 7.96 41.12 8.88 2.27 2.37 1.43 1.51 1.55 1.59 1.64 1.68
6,4 !i 64.4 15.96 55.46 14.30 1.86 2.12 1.57 1.66 1.71 1.76 1.81 1.86
~ 47.2 13.88 49.02 12.50 1.88 208 1.55 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.79 1.84
'"'.0 11.72 42.14 10.62 1.90 2.03 1.53 1.62 1.66 1.71 1.76 1.80
11h 32.4
24.6
9.50
7.22
34.80 8.66
20.94 6.64
1.91
1.93
1.99
1.94
1.52
1.50
1.60
1.58
1.65
1.62
1.69
1.67
1.74
1.71
1.78
1.76
5x3j.i ~ 39.' 11.62 27.84 8.56 1.55

1.56
1.75
1.70
1.'"'
1.37
1.49
1.46
1.64
1.51
1.59
1.56
1.64
1.60
1.69
1.65
33.6 9.84 24.06 7.30
11~ s 27.2
20.8
8.00
6.10
19.98 5.98
15.56 4.58
1.58
1.60
1.66
1.61
1.36
1.34
1.44
1.42
1.49
1.46
1.64
1.51
1.58
1.55
1.63
1.60
4x 3j.i ~ 34.6 10.12 14.64 5.50 1.20 1.34 1.49 1.58 1.63 1.68 1.73 1.78
29.4 8.60 12.74 4.70 1.22 1.29 1.46 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75
11~ 23.8
18.2
7.00
5.34
10.64 3.88
8.36 2.98
1.23
1.25
1.25
1.21
1.44
1.43
1.53
1.52
1.58
1.56
1.63
1.61
1.67
1.66
1.72
1.70
4, 3 27.2 7.96 12.06 4.60 1.23 1.37 1.22 1.31 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.51
11 22.2 6.50 10.10 3.78 1.25 1.33 1.20 1.29 1.33 1.38 1.43
1.40
1.48
1.45
~
17.0 4.96 7.92 2.92 1.26 1.28 1.18 1.20 1.31 1.35
11.6 3.38 5.54 2.00 1.28 1.24 1.16 1.25 1.29 1.34 1.38 1.43
3~ X3 25.0 7.34 8.22 3.52 1.06 1.17 1.26 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.51 1.56
11
'i
20.4
15.8
6.00
4.60
6.00
5.44
2.90
2.20
1.07
1.09
1.13
1.08
1.25
1.22
1.34
1.31
1.38
1.36
1.43
1.,",
1.48
1.45
1.53
1.50
l{ 10.8 3.1 2 3.82 1.56 1.11 1.04 1.21 1.29 1.34 1.38 1.43 1.48
.96 1.02 1.16 1.21 1.20 1.31

~
3x2j.i 13.2 3.84 3.32 1.62 .93 1.11
9.0 2.62 2.34 1.12 .95 .91 1.00 1.09 1.13 1.18 1.23 1.28
.82 .91 .96 1.01 1.06 1.1 1
~
.77
1~
2J.i X 2 10.6 3.10 1.10 .83
7.2 2.12 1. .76 .78 .79 .80 .89 .94 .99 1.04 1.09
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT IO N

136
BEAM BEARING PLATES
When a beam is supported by a masonry wall or pier it is essential that the beam
reaction be distributed over an area sufficient to keep the average pressure on the
masonry within the allowable limits. Steel bearing plates are generally used for this
purpose.
The following method of design, using a maximum bending stress of 2Q,{)(X} pounds
per square inch, is recommended.
R _ Reaction of beam, in kips.

A _ BXe _ Area of plate. in square inches.
t - Thickness of plate, in inches.
p ", Bearing pressure on masonr~'. in kips per SQuare
inch.
k - Distance from outer face of beam flange to web toe
of fillet in inches.
1. Determine the required area A _ RI p.

When p is not given in the building (ode or specification. a bearing value may be ob-
tained from the table on page 330.
? Determine C and solve for B.
The length of bearing. C, is usually governed by the available wall thickness or some
other structural consideration.
3. Determine n. and solve for t t by substituting in the ronnula t l _ .15pnl .
Example: An 18W 47 beam has a span of 16 feet and supports a uniform load
of 69 kips including its own weight. One end of the beam rests on a masonry wall
with an allowable bearing pressure of .250 kips per square inch. The length of bearing
C is limited to 10 inches. Design the bearing plate.
R - ?-34.5 kips A - 34.5

.250 -
138 .
sq. In.
B-\~ - 13.8":
14"
use 14" n -2 - 1"-6"
34.5 - .4
P-14XIO 2 6 k'Lpspersq.ln.
.
t% - .15X.246X6X6 - 1.33 in. 1 t - l.15"; use IJ4""

Use IO"XIY."XI'.2" Bearing Plate.
Steel bearing plates may be materially reduced in size and weight by setting them
upon strong masonry. locally buill into the wall or pier to distribute the load over the
weaker masonry. For this purpose, templates of bluestone or other hard stone. or
rich concrete masonry may be used. In designing such masonry the overhang of any
course beyond the course above should not exceed 3/ 4 of the thickness of the course
and the stronger masonry should be carried down far enough to obtain an adequate
base area on the weaker masonry.
Steel beams supported by mason ry should always be properly anchored to the
wall. Recommended details are shown on page 159.
AM E R ICA N IN S TIT U T E O F S TEEL C O N S TR UCT IO N

137
COLUMN BASE PLATES
Steel base plates are generally used under columns for distributing the column
loads over a sufficient area of the concrete foundations. The column base plate tables.
pages 239 to 241. are for base plates on concrete foundations. for allowable bearing
values of 600 and 8CO pounds per square inch and the maximum values given in the
oolumn load tables. The following method of design, based on an allowable bending
stress of 20,000 pounds per square inch. is recommended.
<--.-
~--.r F - Total column load. in kips.
.. .''11".,
, A - B XC - Area of plate. in square inches.
"+801>1..
"
t 1
p
_ Thickness of plate. in inches.
- Bearing pressure on foundation. in kips per square inch.
The column load. F, is assumed to be unifornlly distributed within a rectangle

whose dimensions are .95 d and .80 b. and the base plate is assumed to have a unifonn
bearing pressure. p. on the foundation.
1. Detennine the required area A - f'/ p.
2. Determine Band C so that dimensions m and n are approximately equal.
3. Detennine m and n, the projections of the plate beyond the assumed dotted
rectangle. and use the larger value to solve for t br one of the following Connulas:
t! - .15 pm! 0'

Example: A 14W' 95 column has a reaction of 450 kips and rests on a concrete
foundation with an allowable bearing pressure of .600 kips per square inch. Design
a steel base plate for this column.
450 50 .
A- . - 7 sq. m.
600
750
Assume C - 28" 8- 28'- 26.8"; use 27"
.80b - .80X14.545-11.6"
.95d - .95X 11.12 - 13.4"
450 595 k' .
P - 27X2S - ' Ips per sq. m.
3'
0- -27--,-
11.6
-7. 7" m-
28--13.4
2 - 7.'
tl - .15X.595X7.7X7.7 - 5.29 in.! t - 2.3O"; use 3"
Use 28"X3"X2'-3" Base Plate
Standard sizes of rolled steel bearing plates are listed on page 66. These sizes
should be used wherever possible. For many of the heavier columns. single or double
tier grillages may often be found to be lighter and more economical than base plates
on concrete.
Some designers prefer to compute the required section modulus of base plates.
The table on page 66 will be found useful for this purpose.
A M ERICAN INSTlTUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

138
CRANE RAILS
,.rI...... II
A.S.C.E. A.R.A. A.R.E,A,-131 LB.
Radf.-"
------=:; ,I

)J
> "'. " il
B ETHL.EHEM 1 04 LB. BETHLEHEM 1 7 1 LB. LORA IN175 LB.
Nomendature on ,ketch for A.S,C.E. R.n Iso ~ppll .. to other _tlon .
Thl, pia.- ."ord, ..... Iectlon olrecommlnded and rudlly aViliabl, It, for Cr.n. runway
purpOMl. with thl data requl-.d for .ueh ..... For additional Information on th_ .. nd other
r.1I _doni, ,.o",,,lt rollinll milt uu IOV" Unl ... conditio" .-.qui'" otherwise, Crlnl rail,
,"ould bl ord.red by complete 'I"oth of run. allowing tha mill to determine tha 'a""thl of
Individual pl_.
DIMENSIONS, INCHES PROPERTIES
d
l'
T", . . I_.,--;
a& Or........ 1_-
' r'""~x:::;.x:"'::-_I
' ___ 5 ___ ,_
.~
d
- ' 1---1
30 A.S.C.E.
40 A.S.C.E. 3~
3~ 3~ ,.. 12 11 K. U 1~
3!-i ~ 12 l J.i 1 l J.i
.J.i
~
Iii
.' ..
13"
13~ 1 ~
' U-
3.00
3.94

6."
'.5
3.6
1.52
1.68
50 A.S.C.E. 3 ~ 3~
~ ~~ ~ ~, ~ ~~ '~ ~
13- 1~ 4.87
5.0 1.88
60
70
80
A.S.C.E. 4J~
A.S.C.E. 4 ~
A.S.C.E. 5
4M
4%
5
.J.i
~ 12
12 * 78 2J.M
2}.i l}i 2%
13"
" Ii ,.. 13
J.i t-K 13"
1~
2~
2Sk
5.93
6.81
7.88
14.6
,...
19.7
6.6
8.'
10.1
'.05
'.22
'.38
80 A.R.A.-B. 4 % 4~ U. 12 2Ue 1.!-i 2J.M 1 ~ 13 2}i 7.9\ 25.1 .4 2.27
90 A.S.C.E. 5~ 5~ '!1. 12 2% u", 2 % I!, ~, 13" 2J1j 8.83 34.4 12.2 '.55
90 A.A.A.-A. 5~ 5Ji " 14 2Ut 1.J.i 3~ 1 ~ 14 2'-' 8.82 38.7 12.6 '.54
90 A.A.A.-B. 57.( 4~ ~ 12 2~ f5 1~ 2% 1 J.i 13 2 ~ 8.87 32.3 11.5 '.44
100 A.S.C.E. 5~ 5~ ~" 12 2~ 1" " 311. 1 ~" 13 2.w 9.84 44.0 14.6 2.73
100 A.A.A.-A. 6 5 !f. 14 2 U 1." 3~ 1 ~ H: 14 2"" '.84 48.' 15.0 2.75
100
131
104
171
A.A.A.-B. 5~
A.A.E.A.
Bethlehem 5
Bethlehem 6
7'" 6
57i " 12
5
6
21l I'" 2 J.i
lU 4tl. 1 ~
l }i 2 r,..:. II,. .J.i
2 2 U 1 1~ %
!.
1 ~ ~ 13 2~
14 3~ 12.86
13 2J.M 10.29
12 2% 16.85
'.85 41.3
89.0
29.7
73.6
13.7
23.0
10.6
24.5
'.63
3.'
2.21
3.01
175 Lorain 6 6 1 ~: 3j.i , ''' M 12 2H 17.24 71.5 23.7 3.02
AMERICAN l NST1{3~ OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

139
.C RAN E RAIL SPLICES AND FASTENINGS

SPLI CES
Gene ra l contour of ono spllee 1>3' I~ s hown In position On all .an.ketchu, ""110133. $pll<;o
bars are u , od In pai..... Raile Ilave circular and I plice b .... have "oUed holes to p!'OVida for
exp .. "s;O". Bolts I hould have spring wash .... under nuta.
Un ..... otherwl.., specified. mill will drill for and furnish s tandard spli"e b .... ; for ",;onet
"I> to 25 ton . capacity. hOW.lYor, nat ba .... are u s ed by s ome fabriutors instead of standard splice
b" ..... Splice bar flangu 1ho"ld be cut to clur all rivet head
F AST EN IN GS
Q Q 9~
<,.~ Jl:-=- ~
[.:~. ~ lJ .... ~ It.-r .... lIT'..::'
All tr.p.el of f utell inGs ilIultrated abov. Incorporate :adjustable features for ttlS alignment
of t hO rai S, fueh:a , tran,verse')' .Iotted holu Or eccentric wnho ... .
UM bolts with hexallon head5 a nd nut5. and ,pring washe ... or other locking device.
One bolt connections a .... limited to runwaya for cran" up to 2S ton capacity; aboye 25
toni. two bolt conneo;tlont 'hould alwayt be "sed.
Hook bolts are uud only on beam, with flange too narrow to permit the ".e of clamps.
Spacing between pal ... offaatening, is In lIeneral: hook bolll abo"t 2 feet on cent .... of pal ... .
3 Inches betwun bolts of a pair; clamps 3 fut cente ... up t o 100 tons capacity. then 2 het cente ... .
The fabricator , hould always be consulted as t o the typo of fastening Which he manu
fact ur.. and recommends.
HOOK
.;
" 'I
STANDARD SPLICES
."m
~
TYPICAL CLAMPS
Weicht each wilnoul Bolli
.I! . Bolli Weight a a.!o Minimum A (AlWays 2 Bolli above 2.>Ton Cap.)
i~ Type U ~&. ~ 'U i ~~ f-"T:.CTI':'.+DO'~I~
. '-'o:",=,~I""'",'C,,,= ,,""I,'!',",.:-I
~ -.:) ~ ~ ~ ~'5 '" ~
I-c'+ - -- -i-"+ --I- -=- __ _
3: .-s
_ is ~ a ~
]l
g;
'" BoItl~l~
Boll I BoU 2 Bolli1
30 A.S.C.E. 4 % ~1~~ 10. 1.9 %1.8 ~ i:LJi ~ 2.5 ...... 0.3 .... 3.0
40 A.S.C.E. ~lj
~'. 4 !-iI,~~ 20 16.1 3.0 U .63~ }i ~ -
2.5 .... 0.3 .... 3.0
50 A.S.C.E. 4 u:~~ 24 25. 3.2 U 2.83~ U& 3~ U 2.5 .-
... 0.3 ... 3.0
60 A.S.C.E. 4 ~13~ 24 32.4 3.3 ~3.8 U& ~ ~ ~ J,i ._
2.5 ... 0.7 ... 4.0
70 A.S.C.E. 6 ~14 34 54. 5.4 J,i 4.03U , ~ Us Y8 3.0 ...... 0.7 .... 4.0
80 A.S.C.E. ~~ 6 h 431 34 62.6 8.2 Vs 4.0~~~ 3}i IJ ~ Y8 3.5 5.0 0.7 1.3 4.0
80 A.R.A.-B. ~J1 6 J1 ~~ 34 68.4 8.2 Vs 4.03J{6 __ .. bJ1 h 3.5 5.0 .... .... 4.0
,
90 A.S.C.E. ~~ 6 1 :~ 34 n.7110. Y8 4.2 4J.i j3U6 I ~ Vs 4.5 6.5 0.7 1.3 4.0
90 A.R.A.-A. ~~ 6 1 ~~ 34 90.5110. Va 2 1-__'~~~ Va 4.5 6.5 ....
_
.... 4.0
90 A R.A.-B. E~ 6 I 34 82.5110. Va 4.2 I~JiI __. % Y8 4.5 6.5 .. .... 4.0
100 A.S.C.E. % 6 1 34 85':110.7 ........ Ua ~ .J.i % 0'1 .... 6 .5 .... 1.3 5.0
100 A.R.A.-A. Ji! 6 I 34 103.:\10.7 ........ ;f~ __ ... 4 Vsf)tl .... 6.5 .... .... 5.0
100 A.A. A.-B. 6 1 5 34 92'T o.7 .... .... ___ . ~I ~ Ya1 _ .. 6.5 .... _ .. 5.0
131 A.R.E.A. I~';: 6 1 ~ ; :.I 36 135'212'6~"" .... ~ _ ... ;i 1 .... 7.5 _.. _.. 6.0
104 Bethtehemf
i"r. 6 1 5 34 60.610. _._._... 1~ ~r- _. 1 .... 6.5 .... .... _
..
171 Bethlehem ...... 6 1 I 34 76.71'2.2 ........ !16 __.. 1 -- .. 10.0 ._. .... ..-
175 lorain 6 U6 ~ 26 77.718.2 ....... ~ __ .. _. 1 .... 10.0 .... . - ....
A MERLCAN I NSTITUTE OF STE;E;I.. CO N S T R U CTION
140
~JP CLEVISES
QJ(J : ~!
Thread: Am.r;G~n Stand_
.. I'd FrflI Fit-Cia .. 2
d. ~-
ffi ;
---".
; : :1;'"
Grir, * thickneu
pate .... '4"
.
Di"""",lons. Inch ...
Clevi.
, ,
Weight
I I
Number Poundl
Ma..O
I Mu. p
I I I
2;'
3
3;'
%
~~
p~
,.~
1%
2;'
3
3;'
1
Pi
1;'

6
lJ~
1;'
1 ~:(
%
;,
;,
2.'
4.0
60
4 1,. 2 4 lU 6 2 ;, 8.0
6
7
2)1
2%
3
2' 2
3
3'1

6
7
2':(
2%
3
8
9
7 21 ~
3
3 1'\i
%
t1
16.0
26.0
36.0
8 4 , 4' 4' 8 . 4 10 4 1.'i 71.0
CLEVIS NUMBERS FOR VARIOUS ROeS ANO PINS
Upset RodI Clam- D, ameter of Pin, Inches

Nomonal $'11 aler
2) ' 2;' 2~1 3
.,~
1 1)l 1% 2 3!;t 3;' 3~:I'
)l 4~' 4
,l.j,
'""~
Roo. . D
-- -------- --I - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
2).1' 2M
~a
%
j{ 2yz 2.\1
)l 2)1 2J..i
j{ 1 ...... 3 3 3 3;'
1)1 ...... 3 3 3 3;'
)1 ~ 11..- .. -. 3 3 3 3;' 4
1 1',", .-"" ...... 3;' 3;' 3;' 4
s
1 1;' ...... ...... 3)1 3;'
1~
4 4
1% 1% ... .. ...... 4 4
1% 1'4 .... - ..... -_ ... 4 S S
1;'
Pi
1% 2
1% ... . .... -.
.....
.... -
...... S S
S S 6 S
S
S
6
1% 2% ...... .-.... . S S S 6 6 6 6
1~ 1;' 2% ...... ...... .... .. .. 6 6 6 6 6 7 7
1% 1% 2 3' 8 .... -. ...... ... .. .. .... -. 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8
2 lU 2', -- .. ......
" .... -- .... 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8
'Yo 2H -_ .... .-_. . 7 7 7 7 7 8
2% ,
1)l ''4
2)1
......
.....
.... _-
-.- ..
..-... ..... .....
.-.... .... -.
.. ,... _....
.._, .. 7
.. ... 7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8 8 8
2% 'Yo 3
3Yo
.... .
.-.. --
......
..... ... .. ..... - .... -
..... ..... 7
.... 8 8
7 8 8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
.... - .. - ..
,
2.!1-2% 2~ 3 1,i .. _.
_ ..... - .... -- 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
3% ..... ----- ..... .. -- . .. --- -.... - .... -- ... 8 8 8 8 8 8 8'
''4 2% 3% ..... .. _.. .. -- . _... ..... .....- ...... ...... 8 8 8 8 8 8' 8'
3% ... . ......
..._.
...... ... --. ..... .... - .- .... 8 8 8 8
8'
8'
8'
8'
8'
8'
2%3 2M-2% 3~ ...... .. .. ...... ......
" ...... ...... 8 8 8 8'
3)l ...... .. _.-. .__ ... .... . ...... .. -- .
_ ...... .. ...- 8' 8' 8' 8' 8' 8'
3}-i-3!~ 2~ 4 _... - .... _. --- ... - -... ..-- 8' 8' 8' 8'
Abov" Tab'" of C'""i. Sizes I. bued on the Net A... a of Clevi. thro"lIh Pin Hole beinll eq".'
to Or IIreate r th.,1135 per cent of Net A ... a o f Rod . Table applie. to ro"nd and Iq",.." .ods
...-Ith "I"et e ndl a nd round rod. without upset e nd, ; d enotes thlt clevl. i, n ot ,ufflcient for
rou nd rod, not upset. Pin, a ... l ufflclent for thea r but must be Investillated for bending. For
other co mbin atio ns of p in and rod or net area ratlOI, requi .... d cl evi~ l iu can be ca lcll iated by
... fe .... nce to the tabulate-d dlmen,lonl.
Weightl and d lm" n ,lon, of clevl .... a .... Cleveland City Forg e Co. Standard. Simila. prod.
uctll of other manut.ct u ...." a .... esuntiall)' t he sa me.
AMER I CAN IN S T I TUTE O F S T EE ... CONSTRUCT IO N

.;0 141
YI. !t?'"
l.I. rt. TURNBUCKLES AND SLEEVE NUTS
T h~ad: American Standard Free Fit -Clus2
Standard Turnbucklea , Weight of Turnbuckle . lb. , Eye and Hook Stub.

Sb'" Oime",,,onl, Inchel I Lenol h , t, Inches Std. (.v.) Weight Lb.
In. ' I" P 10(
_ _ _ , : , _"___
' _ ' ___'_~_
_ ' ___ "_~~ ~I~ 3-6" ~ Hook
~ 6 ~
7 1 %; 1J.U ~ .41 ._-_.... . -- . I ---- ~119
+---"'1'---" --_... .3 0 . 2
J.i 6 U 7}1 1!{6 1Ue .70 .75 1.00 -----1-.... -----------... 1 19 .61 .48
~ 6 % 7l ~ % 17'2 89 1.381.50 -_. _.- 1 ____ .. _ ..... 1~i19~ 1.07 .95
~ 61!1t;878 % P~ 120 1.632.13 306 4.38 __ , __ .. 1~21 1.70 1.52
~ 6' ~ 8J..t'6 1 ~ 1 % 146 .____ . 2.83 4.33 5.471_____ ___ 1~ 1 23J4' 2.44 2.19
1 6 1 ~ 8U 1 ~ 2~ 2.27 .__ 380 413 445 512 . __ .. 2 124~ 3.42 :.~;
1~ 6 1 ~ 9~ 1% 2U, 1
2.72 _____ . 400 725 915 '295 . __ ...... 2~i267.( 4.92 ~.:,,::
17.( 6 1 ~ 9 ~ l U& i2% 3.58 .. 4.70 7.1312. 1116.75L ... 2~28 6.35 5.82
Hi 6 11~ 9}i 11 l-W 2~ 4.13 . ___ ... ___ ___ _ ... __ . .1 _ 2N30 8.42 7.79
: ~ 6~ 2M
~~ 11:g~ 2.!-i
::~I~~ ~.~ .==. =::.. _~~ . =.~~I~I . ::., ~~.~~ ~~:~:~}{~~ 17.40
:~:~I ~~::
1
1~ 3UG 7.05 . ___ ...... ___ ... 15.00 21.59 29.35 37.85331135 16.38
Hi 6 2~ 11 M 2 ~ 4 9.95 ... ___ .. _. ____ .. ____ .. ____ l1____ .. ___ ..... 13~37~ 20.62 19.45
1
2 6 2~ 11 M 2~ 4 9.95 . ___ ..... 15.23 .___ . 28.35 37.95 48.45 4 40 ~ 25.45 24.13
1 1
2M" 6 3~ 12~ 2% 4% 18.00 ._.. _...... ___ .... ___ ... 37.80 151.00 63.95j4M I43M 39.02 37.3
2M 6 3~ 13 )1 3 5 23.25 ... ___ .... ___ ...... __ ... 49.3865.30 82.505 50 57.02 54.94
2~ 6 4 .!-i 14)4 3)4 5% 31.50 ... _.... ____ .. __ ...... __ _... I04.305M 55 81.80 79.28
I
3 6 14M 15 3% 6.!-i 39.50 _... _ ._._ .. _.. _.... .... 126.406 60 106.06 103.06
3)4 6 5.!{ 16M 3% 6U 61.00 70.00 ...... _--....- -+----... -. "___ "'__
1' ___ "'"
3M 6 5~i 16)1 3% 6U 61001 70.001.----.. - _. . _ 203.00 .+ .__ ........ __ .. .
3~ 6 6 18 4~ 8.\1 89.00 ... _-- ..--- .. - --. .--.... _I'" _.......... ___ .
44 ~i 69 66~ 1'8
22)1 114~8.\1
9U 89.00
5}{ _ .____
___ 15200 ___ ...1.__ ...... 314.00 -...1..:...:::..:..----
4 )1 9 6%" 22)1 5!( 9~ .--- 15200 - ___ ~- ._
4~
5
9
9
6%" 22~
7M 24
5!{ 9~ .--
6
15200 1. __ :---'. -I-
10 .____ 200.00 _..... [----... ;---..... 1.---... .---...
-+.__ .. - ......'_,. . .. ..... . 1..............."....___..
Weight. and dimen,io", of T urnbuckles. Eyn and H ook. a~ Cleveland City Forge Company
Standard. Similar product. of other Impani _"tially the ..,m . :a"
SLEEVE NUTS
.. ,.. I '"' . . IT!:_Ilenll"'

f11:'-+1-"--'I
" I 4'J...!.--n _
Dia.
S<,~ ... 0; 1.
Clear
, ,-,----,---,-
S~I we
~
t" -- 0
ru;:--
~i ,il:,,"iWA 61.(0 Ola.
'".
4
- '". '".
7' . 4)1
-
In.
4" 6"
In .
,
In.
13
I n.
55
, ~
4 ~4
4)1
7)1 4l{
7U J6 5
4 S~ 6)1
4%" 6)j
1~
I ",
'3)1 65
14 75
,.,.'"
oaDo
4M 8 ~iI 5', 5 7h 14M 98
5 8)j 5)1 5 1( 7" 15 110
5}4 9'i 5)j 5)1 8 1', 15M' 122
5)1 9M 6 5U 8 a8 1 '~ 16 142
Thrud : American Stand ard F ree FitCI ..... 2
Mat erial: Cnt Steel
5)j
6 10" 6',
lO%, 6)1
6
6}(
8M
9" '%
' 11; 17
16)1 157
176
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEl. CON STR UCTI ON
142 I r
RECESSED PIN NUTS AND COTTER PINS

T Orlp
Thread
~
Shape: America" Standard
I 1 Fr Fit- Clan 2
.
Pitch: 6 1M' inch
~,
Mar .fl.l: ~ e" Slut
Nut
dDT ","' Short Long Ro~h Rough Pound,
I----,;C-,'",I-cec,- -----I--,c',-r-ct,,-I-cOc""C-r-OOc"c"-I-i~'o"- ----- Hole
2 2!4' 17'2 1 J.i Y8 3 3", 2% 14 t~i 1
2~ 2~ 2 1~ J.i 1 3% 4~ 3 78 U 1M 2
3 3.!4 3M
3~ 4
2-'1
3
1U
1%
Y8
U
Hi
lU
4~
4Ji
5
5%
378
4 Vs
VB
Vs
2 ~i
2U ,
3
4!4' 47'2 4~ 3.!1 172 U 1% 5~ 6% 514 7!l 3.14 5

5 "SU 4 Hi U '.l1 6,!.i 7U 5~ 7!l 3~ 6
5}.) 5'" 6 472 04 U 1% 7 BJ.i 6% % 4 ~:t' 8
6!4 "6.!1 5 1% Vs ,,, 7% au 7 % 4~ 10
'6H 7 SM. 2 U lU B}l 9% 7M H 5~:t' 12
7.!4 "7.!rli 531 2 % l Ji 8% 10 8 ~ 57.( 14
ni 8 "aU 6 234' Vs 278 9% 1078 8% % 5~ 19
8).1;8% 9 6 2~i Vs 2J.i IOU ll Ji 9% U" 5~ 24
"g.!4 9)1 6 2% VB 2;:( 1114 13 10% U 5~i 3.
9% 10 6 2% VB 2U Ill{ 13 10% U 5~ 3.
_ 'Special 5izQ
R~eSled Pin Nuts similar to those ti l ted above

...... available, In .. ",t , tee l, for pin t UP to 24
inChes In diameter.
For plnl over 10 Inches In di a meter, however,
the preferred p .... ctlce i. a detail si milar to that
s hown at the left, in which the pin Is held in
place by a recessed cap at each end and secll red
by a bolt pnsln! completely throllgh the capt
and pin. SulUb e provision must be made for
TYPI CAL PIN CAP D ETAIL fOR P INS attachin!J pllota and driving nuta.
OVER 1 0 INCHES IN DIAMETER
Dimensions thown:lre approximate,
H ORIl:ONTAL OR VER T ICAL PI N HORIl:ONT AL PI N
I'fr
GrlP 1
+ "j {
"
! ""
:I
u
""u" 1
J _ Length of Pin, 1" Inches,
PINS WITH HEAOS COTTER PINS WITH HEADS conER
H."
0; . Weight
01 One.
Length Ole. Weight
per 100.
Pin
Oia. Hud
Oi.
Weig~t
of One.
Lenglh Oia
.
Weig~t
per 100.
d h I--;-;;-,'e'"'o." __,____,__ d h
lU I .19+ .351 2 U
Cb"
2.64 3%
I--;;;;c
'c'~"-;;;;"1--";--
.82+1.681 4
--'--
~
Cb"
11.4
' j{
I 1 ~ .26+ .501 2M J{ 3.10 3 3 1.02+2.001 5 ~ 28.5
1~
2H
'U 2.%
.33+ .681
.47 + .891
2~
3
J{
'"
3.50
9.00
3U
4
1.17+2.351
1.34+2.731
5
6
~
Y2
28.5
33.8
.58 +1.131 3 1i ~ 9.40 41{ 1.51+3.131 6 Y2 33.8
' . >< .70+1.391 3~ '" 10.9
143
EYE BARS
EYE BAR ADJUSTABLE EYE BAR
Minimum length. t , fo~.hort .nd 1. 6'-6 " , preferably 7'0", Leltthrnd.

T hread: Am'ricln Sundti'd FI"Ia Fit- Clap 2
HEADS FOR ALL BARS SC REW ENDS FOR ADJUSTABLE BARS

80 of Bar Head 50.. of Bat U,*,I EIId
I --'-i~==-I----;---=:'-I Add. Add.
~.p". ~ ~~
W,....
In.
Thoek_
M ..... M In.
0...
b
In.
.-.
In.
.--...
~."..
1:;::;1
A
Fl In.
W" . Mi....
11'1.
Th1O;k_
neg
Ar..
In,'
Oia. 1Jrth ThoX.
0
In.
1
In.
I*'
Inch
AI Root of ThrNd
0;..,.." 1
ArM,
~
0_ FLBln.
In. In. ..... ~, In . In. n. B... %
------ 4~ 1~ 0-10~ ., ~ 1.25' 1~ -4-15 1.49 1.7439.6 1- 0

2 , J.i 5J.i 2~ 37.5 1- 2 ~ 2 ~ 1.50 131 4J.i 5 162 20536.6 1- 0
__
2J.i 1 ~ 7
8
6
3
4
1- ' ~ 'g
6J.i 3~ _ _ 1- 7J.i _
40.0 1- SU 2J.i
l -l0~ _ _
2.19 2 ~ 5
---.l1 1.75 _' _
!'( 1.88 2}i 4J.i 4 J.i 1.84 265 41.2....,-:-0
a
4 J.i 1.96 3.02 38.1 1- 0
, _ 2.50 2 ~ _5__4_ 2-09 3.4236.7....!.:....Q..
4M....iJ.-i 1.71 .3.30~ ()'11
- - - - - - 7M'3U --~ ~ 2.25 21{ 5 4J.i 1.96 3.02134.3 1- 0

3 1 M' U 8J.i 4J{ 41.7 1_ 9 3 h 2.63 2M 5J.i 4 2.18 3.n 41.6 1- 1
I 51~
9J,i 12- 2 _ _ ' _I 3.00 3 >i 5 }.i_4_.2-:!!~'~ 23.9 ~
'I'.
- - --,:i ,O~ '-- t:"9 ~ 3.00 2}.i 5}i 4 2.18 3.72 23.9 1- 1
4 I~ ' Ji' 11 5~ 375 2- 3 4 }i 3.50 2~ 531 4 2.43 4.6232.0 0-11
I '012 6.!1
_ _ _ ~. ;~ ____
. 2- 8 I 4.00 3 I 6 , 3~ 2.63 5.43 35.7 1- I
I ~ 4.50 3X 6 ~ 3j.i2.88 6.5\ , 44.6 1-2
I
5 2 I ~ 13~ 5J.(
12 6~ 35.02- 6 I-IO~ - ~~ '" '3 " 6
4.38 3li 2.63 5.43 24.1 0-11 "_~36'21-0
I 15 8J:( 3- 3 5.00 3U 631 3}.i 12.88 6.51 30.2 1- 0
5 I
- - ~1 14 5~ -- 2-1 I~ 5.63 3M 7 3X 3. 10 7.55 34.2 1- I
6
7
2
2
I
I
- - - - - , - 16~
I~ 17~ 8
16~ 8J..i. ,
I ~ 018~ 9
71--
14~ 6.\1 37.5 2- 4 I - _ I !';' 6.25 3U 7 _3_ 3.32 ~ }8J~
357211
.
3- 2
2- 6-"2 6
4 _
.,
i-
6.00 3M 7
6.75 3U 7
I ~ 7.50, 4
I
3}:( 3.10 7.55 j 25.8 ,- 0
'f'
3 3.32 8.64 28.0 \- 0
7.!1 3 3.57 9.99 33.2 1- 1
~ 8.25 4.l! 8 _, 2 Ui 3.80~ .!.1.3 1 37.3 . ~
-- -I~ - - --- l}i 7.88 4 I 7.!1 3 ,3.57 9.99 26.9 \- 0
I 18 7 2- 51 II~ 8.75 41 :( 8 , 2?-i 3.80 11.3 29.5 \_ I
8 2 l Ji 19 8 37.52- 9.\i 7 I ~~ 9.63 4 ~ 8}i 2* 4.03 12.7 32.4 \_ 2
__ 1'."20 _9_ _ _ ~ I J.i 1O.5 4;:( 8M 2 4.26 14.2 35.4 ,_ 2
I J.f2O" 7H 2- 8 ~- -.' }f'9:0 4}.;; - ,-;2" '3.80 11.3 25.9....,-:-0-
9 2 I ~..i. ,~ 931, 38.9~, I!~ 10.0 431 831 2":1 4.03 12.7 27.4 1- 1
-- 1~ I22M 9 :3- 2j{ 8 I ' j 11.0 4;:(1 831 2%: 4.26 14.2 29.3 1- 1
10 2 II "" 24 1031 350
1 3~o25 11M
9 i-
131 12.0 5 9 I 2lA,l 4.48 15.8 31.4 \ - 2
. 4-1 _ --'~ 13.0_ 5J{9}i 2.J1. 4.73_ !7.6 ~ I ~
-- 2! ____ ,_ _ _ 1 ~1 12.4 5 1 9U 2Y!i "4.4815.8 28.3 " - 2
If..- 26.!110 3- 6 9 l li' 13.5 5J{ 9'1 2lA,l4.7317.6 30.2 \-1
12 2
-1-~--1
14 2
l}i "?931 13
' Ii 31 12
1 ~ 33 14
10-1-----
1 ~. 28 11 .!1 37.5 4- 2
4- 3 10
35.7 4_10
1 ~ 14.6 5Y!i 9U 2'", 4.95 19.3 31.7 \_ 1
4-8 - - - - - - - - -----
, ~' 13.8 51~ 9 1 2314.7317.6 27.8 ' ,-,
I ~ 15.0 5 31 9;:& 2'i 4.95 19.3 28.9 1- 1
I ~ 16.3 5~ 10
,--
2'ii: 5.20 21 .3 30.8 1- 1

!..~34 ~ _ _ 5- 5 . \ }.i'18.0 iS 10J,i 2'~ 5.42 23.1 -28.3~
16 2 I ~ 36 14 37.54- 9 12 I ~i 19.5 6'~ 10;:& 21~ 5.7325.8 29.6 1- 1
l !i37M I6 34.45- 4 . . '''21.0 6.!1 11 , 2~ 5.89 27.3 29.7 ,- 1
P in holn to be deducted 1" est1mat1"\1 _1ght.
Ba .. a .... Ipeelal.
Note Fo r Ba .. \4'" 1 ~'" (an d thicke.) w1th 3l ' head add materl.1 "A" . 4' -5 \i'" ,
AMERtCAN I NSTITUTII!: 0" STEII!:L CONSTRU C TION

144
K?t.~
UPSET SCREW ENDS FOR SQUARE BARS
~
I 1 ) Iti\I\'I\I.\'I,t\ I I I, I I
" I I'
,
I I
I I' I
'"
II
I'
I'
1\
Ttlre;ad, Amerlun Standard Free Fit- Ct .... 2
,- -, _.
.... .....
BAR U~~
.....
,
"'- .... We;ghl
r...
:
,.....
Dlameltlr
'4'-
Addili<>nal
,.
...~- .......
0;_,-<
Root
""...
0 At 0-
,- Sq In.
Uo. ,,.,.,
+'0% """'"
,-K
Sq. In.
'"'".
.
)i
~ 0.563
0.766
1.91
2.60
1)i
lJ{
4
4
4
4
0.939
1.064
0.693
0.890
23.2
16.2
1 1.000 3.40 1)i 4 4 1.283 1.294 29.4

1)i 1.266 4.30 1,. 4 3)i 1.389 1.515 19.7
1)i 1.563 5.31 l )i 4 )i 4)i 1.615 2.049 31.1
1,. 1.891 6.43 2 4)i 4 1.711 2.300 21.7

1)i 2.260 7.65 2Ji 1.961 3.021 34.3
1,. 2.641 8.98 2,. 4)i '.086 3.419 29.'
1~ 3.063 10.41 ')i ')i 4)i 2.175 3.716 21.3
1)4 3.516 11.95 .~ 5)i 5 2.425 4.619 31.4
')i
4.000
4.516
13.60
15.35
')4
3
6
6
5
4)i
'.650
2.629
5.108
5.428
27.7
20.2
.,.
')i 5.063
5.641
17.21
19.18 .
3~{
3)i
6)i
7
5)i
6)i
2.879
3.100
6.509
7.549
28.6
33.8
.,.
.)i
.~
6.250
6.891
7.563
21.25
23.43
25.71
3~
3~
4
7
7
7)i
7
5)i
6)i
3.317
3.317
3.567
8.641
8.641
9.993
38.3
25.4
32.1
' )4 8.266 28.10 4)i 8 7)i 3.798 11.330 37.1
3 9.000 30.60 4)i 8 6 3.798 11.330 25.9

3)i 9.766 33.20 4)i 8)i 7 4.028 12.741 30.'
3)i 10.563 35.91 4~ 8 )i 7)i 4.255 14.221 34.6

UPltU .... 'FMCI,I.
AMERICAN IN STI T UTII!: OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

145
,
u.~
UPSET SCREW ENDS FOR ROUND BARS
Th rud; American Stan'hrd Free Fit- Clan 2
BAR UPSET
Area
Additional Di.meler
,
Diameter ,., Weillht
L"1P1h
U,-_,
Length
" ,,~U
...
Diameter
Root of At Root O~,
Sq. 10. 1:1 0
'''''''', nread
Inches
CO
tnche.
+100;:,
Inches
K
Inche. "
Thread
Sq. In .
Area of
%
, li 0.442 1.50
, 0.838 0.551 24.7
% 2.04
'"'
0.601 1!{ U)6' 0.890 48.0
1
1%
0.785
0.994
2.67
3.38
1%
1",
1.158
1.283
1,054
1.294
342
30.2
' li
Hi
I.m
1,485
4.17
5.05
1%
,'" 1.389
1.490
1.515
1.744
23.5
17.5
1 1.767 6 .01 2 ' ' 1.711 2.300 30.2

1%
1li
2.074
2.405
7.05
8.18
2
2~i
,,
' 1.836
1.961
2.649
3.021
27.7
25.6
1% 2.761 9.39 2% 2.086 3.419 23.8
2 3.142 10.68 2 ' 3 2.175 3.716 18.3

2% 2%
'"' 2.300
3.547 12.06 4 .156 17.2
2),( 3.976 13.52 2% 6 ' 2.550 5.108 28.4
2% 4.430 15.06 3 6 ' 2.629 5.428 22.'
2
2%
4.909
5.412
16.69
18.40
3;4
3U
6",
,,
6 '"'
' ",
2.879
2.879
6.509
6.509
32.6
20.3
,'"'
2U '.940 20.19 3", 3.100 7.549 27.1
2% 6.492 22.07 3li 6 3.317 8.641 33.1
3 7.069 24.03 3U , 3.317 8.641 22.2

3%
3J.(
7.670
8.296
26.08
28.21
''"'"' , 6 3.567
3.567
9.993
9.993
30.3
20.'
,'"'
3% 8.946 30.42 4 ~~ 8 3.798 11.330 26.6
3", 9.621 32.71 4 ~i 8 3.798 11.330 17.8

3%
3~i
3%
10.321
11.045
11.793
35.09
37.55
40.10
'"'
4;.t
' li
8",
8",
8",
6'"'
5",
'.028
4255
4.255
12.741
14.221
14.221
23.4
28.8
20.6
*Upsetl are spedal.
AMf.:RICAN IN STITUTe; OF STf.:f.:L. CONSTRUCTION

146
LOOP AND STUB ENDS
T hread : Americ~ n Stand ard Free Fi t - Clan 2

Pin LE N GTH "A" FOR O N E LOOP IN FE:f.: T AND INCHES
Clam .
p
Si.O of Squ.,e Or Rour.d aa., d, in Inches
IlIChe. ~ % 1 17'8 1~( 1~ 1)1 1~ 1~ 1% 2
---1--'.-1--=--------
l;i 0-9J1 0-10 0-11 0-11 Y2
O-lOyz 0-11 Y2 1- 0 1- 1
~~
0-10
,- 2M
lU
0-1 1
1- 0
0-11 J..i
, - 0Yi ,-,- OM
, ~
1- 1
1- ,
1- ,
1- 3 ,- 3M ,- 4}i 1- 5 1- 6
, 1-
1-
1
,
1- 1.!1 1- 2~ 1- 3 ,- 4 1- 4~ 1- 5~ 1- 6
1- 6~ 1- 7
,- 7 1- 7J.i,- 8M
~~
1- 3 ,- 3 ~ 1- 4~ 1- 5 1- 5~ ,- 8 1- 8)11- 9M
1- 3 1- 4 1- 4 J.i ,- 5.!-i 1- 6 1- 7 1- 7M 1- 8 1- 9 1- 9).<J l- IOJ.i
2.!4 1- 4 1- 5 1- 5}i 1- 6M 1- 7 1- 8 1- 8.!1 , - 9.!1 1-10 1-11 1-1 1).<J
3
.~~
3~
4
-4U
1- 5
1- 6
1- 7~
1- 8M
..
1- 9M 1-10
1-
1-
1-
1-
6
7
8
9
t- 6M
1- 77li
1- 87!i
1-10
1-11
1- 7~
1- 8M
1- 9}i
1-10).<J
I-11 M
1- 8
1- 9
1-10
1-11
2- 07!i
1- 9
1-10
,-
1-11
., 1- 9~ 1-1 0 ~ 1-"
I-10M I-11M ,- 0
1-117!i 2- OM ,- 1
2- OM 2- 1M
,- , ,- ,
J.i ,-
2- 2).1
,- ,
,- 3
2- 0
2- 1
2- 2
2- 3
,-
2- 4J.i ,-
4
5
2- 0),1
2- 1%
2- 2%
2- 3J.i
2- 431
,- ,-
..... . '-11 ,- 0 2- 0.li 2- 1 ,- 3 2- 372 '2- G
4)1
4U ............ ,- ,
............ ,- 0
I
I 2- 1 J.i
2- 2M
2-
2-
2J,i ,- 3
3).7 ,- 4
,- 4
,- 5
2-
2-
4.!4
5J.i
2- 5.!4 , -
2- 67!i 2-
6
7
,- 7
,- 8
5 .... ........ 2- 2~ 2- 3 2- 3M 2- 472 2- 5 2- 6 2- 611 2- 7M 2- 8 2- 9
5~:I' .................. __. 2- 4 2- 5 2- 5% 2- 6 2- 7 2- 7M 2- 8)1 2- 9 2-10
5)1 ........................ 2- 5 2- 6 2- 6,Y.i 2- 7M 2- 8 2- 9 2- 9.Y.i 2-10 2-1'
5~ ....................... 2- 6 2- 7 2- 7M 2- 8M 2- 9 2-1 0 2-1 0-'1 Z-11Y213- 0
.................... 2- 7 2- 8 2- 8M 2- 9)1 2-10 2-11 2-117'2 3- 0 )13- 1
....................... .......... 2- 9 2- 9M 2-10M 2-11 3- 0 3- 0 )1 3- l M3- 2
2-10 2-10M 2-11 J..i 3- 0 3- 1 3- 1M 3- 2M3- 3
2-11 3- 0 3- OM 3- 1 3- 2 3- 2M 3- 3M!3- 4
3- 0 3- 1 3- 1M 3- 2M 3- 3 3- 3M 3- 4.li13- 5
"P,ns are special. !\I uimum . hipping lcng\h of long cod -35 (""l.
Dia. of Aound, In.............. M % 1 17'8 1U l B., 1)1 1 n '~ 1% 2

:~S=;dt.=O~f~Sq~~"'~,~.,~lt"~..~...~.=. ~. .:.:~~+~U~t U
l'
~ 17'8 17i t h
-----------
1)1 1% 1 ~
Dia. of Upset, 0 , In.. _..... _ 2% 2%
Length of Upset, T, In...... 5 5)1
Le nQth, I, In.............. _.......... 12M '3
AMERI CA N IN S TITUTE O F S T E EL CO N S TR UCTI O N
147
PIPE
DIMENSIONS
,
COUPLINGS PROPERT IES
r.' d', ' ,
"-
Nom. Ollllide In.I~. Tllick_ We'''''1L . Fool Th,ud, Dulslde
Oil.
'".
P .
'".
P,.
'" '". ....
PI.," Tfi""""'It per
01. c:1'11_
0,1.
Indl I n.
Longtll Weiuht
In. C.
1
I n.'
A
I ....
'"
,. -
.405 .068 .24
STANDARD
.25 27 .~ .03 .001
,--
.12
"
.26' .072
l. .5<{) .364 .088 .42 .43 18 .685 1 .04 .003 .125 .OS
~Yo
.675 .493 .091 .57 .57 '8 .848 'Ii .7 .007 .167 .21
.84. .85
'~
.22 .'09 .85 14 1.024 .12 .017 .250 .26
1.050 .824 .113 1.13 1.13 14 1.281 l' .21 .037 .333 .33
1 1.315 1.049 .133 1.68 1.68 111~J 1.576 1)1 .35 .087 .494 .42
1 _1~ 1.660 '.380 .140 2.28 !'lI .55
2
P<j
21~
1.900
2.375
2.875
3.500
1.610
2.067
2.469
3.068
.1 45
.154
.203
.216
2.27
2.n
3.65
5.79
2.73
3.68
5.82
7.62
11
111'.01
lP~
8
1.950
2.218
2.760
3.276
2t'
2
~n
.76
l.23 ....
.195
.310
1.075
1.76 1.530 1.704
.669
.799
.54
.62
.79
.95
3 7.58 8 3.948 3' 2.55 3.017 2.228 1.16
3M 4.000 3.548 .226 9.11 9.20 8 4.591 3~iI 4.33 4.788 2.680 1.34
4 4.500 4.026 .237 10.79 10.B9 8 5.091 3,. 5.41 7.233 3.174 1.51
5 5.563 5.047 .258 14.62 14.81 8 6.296 4,. 9.16 15.16 4.300 1."
6 6.625 6.065 .280 18.97 19.19 8 7.358 41~ 10.82 28.14 5.581 2.25
I.
8
8
1.
1.
8.625
8.625
10.750
10.750
10.750
8.071
7.981
10.192
10.136
10.020
.277 24.70
.322 28.55
.27931.20
.307 34.24
.365 40.48
25.00
28.81
32.00
35.00
41.13
8
8
8
8
8
9.420
9.420
11.721
11.721
11.721
4~i:
4',
6va
6)j
6'>
15.84 63.35 7.265
15.84 72.49
33.92 125.9
33.92 137.4
33.92 160.7
8.399
9.178
10,07
11 .91
2.95
2.94
3.70
3.69
3.67
12 12.750 12.090 .330 43.77 45.00 8 13.958 6'> 48.27 248.5 12.88 4.39
12 12.750 12.000 .375 49.56 SO.71 8 13.958 6 1i 48.27 279.3 14.58 438
EXTRA STRONG
11
-
.405
.54.
.215
.302
.095
.119
.31
.54 ." "18
.54
.582
.724
1t,
1 ,
.05
.7
.00'
.004
.093
.157
.10
.15
h .675
.84.
.423
.546
.126
.147
.74
1.09
.75
1.10
18 .8"
1n .13 .009 .217 .20
.25
,
M
I( 1.050
1.315
.742
.957
.154
.179
1.47
2.17
1.49
2.20
"
14
In"
1.085
1.316
1.575
2,.
2',
.22
.33
.47
.020 .320
.045 .433
.106 .639
.32
.41
p. 1.660 1.278 .191 3.00 3.05 IP ' 2.054
2~ 0.04 .242 .881 .52
2
p~
2)j
1.900
2.375
2.875
1.500
1.939
.200
.218
3.63
5.02
7.66
3.69
5.13
10~
lP~
2.294
2.870
2'
3,.
1.17
2.17 ....
.391 1.068
1.4n
.61
.n
:~
2.323 .276 7.83 8 3.389 3.43 1.924 2.254 .92
3 3.500 2.900 .300 10.25 10.46 8 4.014 4.13 3.894 3.016 1.14
3M 4.000 3.364 .318 12.51 12.82 8 4.628 4% 6.29 6.280 3.678 1.31
4 4.500 3.826 .337 14.98 15.39 8 5.233 4,. 8.16 9.610 4.407 1.48
,.
5
6
8
12
5.563
6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750
4.813
5.761
7.625
9.750
11.750
.375
.<"
.500
.500
.500
20.78
28.57
43.39
54.74
65.42
21.42
29.33
" .n
56.94
68.02
8
8
8
8
8
I 6.420
7.482
9.596
11.958
13.958
5,.
5,.
6,.
6,.
6,.
12.87
15.18
26.63
44.16
51.99
20.67 6.112
40.49 8.405
105.7 12.76
211.9 16.10
1.84
2.20
2."
3.63
361.5 19.24 I 4.34
OOUeL.E EXTRA STRONG
,
1
W
'(
.840 .
1.050
1.315
.252 . .294 . 1.71
.434
.599
.308
.358
2."
3.66
1.73
2.46
3.68
14
14
1O)j
1.085 ' P '
1.316 2)j
1.575 21'l1
-:22
.33
.02' .504
.068 .718
.22
.28
.47 .140 1.076 .36
p. 1.660 .896 .382 5.21 5.27 1O)j 2.054 2', 0.04 .341 0.'" .47
1M 1.900 1.100 .400 6.41 6.47 II!" 2.294 2111 1.17 .568 1.885 .55
2 2.375 1.503 .436 9.03 9.14 1O)j 2.870 3li 2.17 1.311 2.656 .7.
2M 2.875 1.771 .552 13.70 13.87 8 3.389 4 )j 3.43 2.871 4.028 .84
3 3.500 2.300 .600 18.58 18.79 8 4.014 41'8 4.13 5.992 5.466 1.05
3)j 4.000 2.ne .636 22.85 23.16 8 4.628 4'i 6.29 9.848 6.721 1.21
,4
6
4.500
5.563
6.625
3.152
4.063
4.897
.674 27.54
.750 38.55
.664 53.16
27.95
39.20
8
8
5.233
6.420
4 ~$
5)j
8.16 15.28
12.87 33."
8.101
11.34 1.72
1.37
53.92 8 7.482 5'> 15.18 66.33 15.64 2.06
8 8.625 6.875 .875 72.42 73.76 8 9.596 . 6,. 26.63 162.0 21.30 2.76
LARGE O. O. PIPE
- - --- -
PIIM 14" a"d I.rge. II sold by lei .... O. S. diameter ."d 1.. lck" .....
SiuI14" . IS", and 16" a= avail.bl. r.g .. la,ly in l"l ck"_nryl ng by !oM" from ~"to l ".l ncl ... ive.
All pip" I. I",n;."-.I nd!'m 1'"11" unl_ ol".rwl.. ordered. vl~; 12 to 22 lut wIt .. p.lvll8ile 01
1".nl,"lng 5 per "t In e 10 12 fMt length,. Pipe railing hi mOlt economically detal1-.1 with
,lip jol" . . . nd r."donl I,ngl", betwHn coupling..
AMERICAN IN STITUTE 01' STI!El. CON STRUCTI ON
148
MALLEABLE IRON PIPE RAILING FITTINGS
EL L-I T EE 2
I I
-t ilL Post
,, .... Po..
TEE5 CROSS6 CROSS7 T EE . 8
S l~~ Ou'la'
Note: F itting~ 2 and 6 ue for r~ndom length pipe with pin ned joints.
APPROXIMATE WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS
DIMENSION S, IN C HES
Size of Post lY.1 Pi 2 2% 3 3%

Size of Rail l U lU 1% IU 1% 2 ll -j 2 272 21"2 3 3 3Yz
1-
A 1% 1% lji 2!1 2M 2J~ 2% .,!~ 2ji 3 % 3% 3% 3%
B 1% 2 1M 2 ~ 2% 21{ 2~ .. ii~ 2% 3% 3% 3%, 3%
l ~ ,Q
C 2Ys 211 2% 2 % 2ji 3 % .l1; 3', 4
D
2
2 2 21 { 2 2 3 '8" 2 3", 2%
, 3', 4
4
4'1
4% 4 %
4% 4 %
WEIGHT PER FITTING. LB .
Ell - I .7 1.5 .9 1.8 2.0 1.6 4.5 4.2 3.7 6.5 8.0 7.0 8.5
Too - 2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.8 20 2.2 2.3 2.5 3.0 9.2 80 10.8 8.7
Too - 3 1.0 1.3 1.1 2.0 2.3 1.9 5.3 5.0 46 9.2 8.0 10.8 8.7
Ell --4 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.8 3.0 90 7.5 10.6 10.8
Too - 5 1.0 1.3 1.1 2.0 2.3 1.9 5.3 5.0 4.6 8.2 8.0 9.7 8.8
Cross-6 1.3 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 3.2 3.3 9.3 8.0 13.8 ".8
Cross- 7 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2A 2.8 --.... .. 6A 5 A 9.3 8.0 13.8 '1.8
Tee - 8 1.8
I.' 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.5 10.0 8.3 13.6 11.7
Dim ensio ns tabulated above have been rounded out to cover the ,light variations which may
occur in standard fittin", as suppli ed by indi vi dual man"!a"t" .... ,., .
Standard ralUng fittings arc desi \lnated by type ,,,d .iltl o f out lets; detai l dima nsions sho uld
not appear on materia. orde ....
See pall el 162 and 163 1 a ~ pipe ralllnll detail .
AMERICAN IN S TITUT E OF STF.:EL. CON ST RUCT I O N

14.
CAST IRON FITTINGS FOR PIPE RAILING
~~- I ~ .J" PiPIt SIZe 1 ~~ 1", 2 2",

O.$. O,a.
~ iy'~'~-::", - of Pi"" 1.66 1.90 2.375 2.875
If
-~~1)
B<:io<'I Dia. 2 2 2", 2", 2'1 2 3 3%
, -C A
c
5~ 7 5U 7 61~ 8 8 8
,~ '?d- 1
3 Blank 3% Blank 4'. Blank 5% Blank
',_ ;7" ~.- D 2M Blank 2M Blank 3 BI.nk 4 Blank
'-~.- We ight, Lb. 4_' 5.6 3.8 5.8 5.' 7.2 6.' 7.'
'"
.. Co.ed Hotu 1m La" 8~reW$
0.601
Pipe $118
1J" 1% 2 2%
O.S.Ola.
FOR WOOD FLOORS
of Pipe 1.66 1.90 2.375 2.875
eossOia. 2 2% 2'1.- 8 3~ii 3:J..g
1-'".
A 4% 4~ 4U 4% 6
to-- A ----:-" rr;:. B sM 5M 5M 6% 6
, c c c c c c
I C
C C C
>-o---J D min. = . min. = min. = . min. - =.
-- mm. = .
- -
ff::;-o;;-; -T 3 1 " 4 1.\ -3~4 - 4- 1 - - -
'j [~:
2''; 41~ 4 .'1'
'-f - . c 2.\.2 3 " 4 1.. 3% 4 1, 4 4' . 4M 5 4%
B ,
iL,,;~,i - .~
2~
3
1
3 f
2~ 4Ji
2'
2
4~:f
4
3~~ 4'.
3 4
3% 4 ~{ 4% 5
3y.,i
2~ 3), 3J4 3M 4

4). 5
4% 4
4J"
4
4%
:a
D~II HolH n
I
la.gerthan
"'amel 01 Bolts
3%
4
.---.-
.__ ... . _..-
-~-
.. __-
. . ... -- ...- --
. .-
.. ..
--~.-
_
....... .__._
.- 3M 4
3Ji '%
FOR , BEAMS 4).1 ---, ........... ,::~:,::: , 2Ji ' %
-::1::::::: ,
Weight. Lb. '_3 4.' 3.7 5.0 6.'
PIpe Si,. P'( 1~ 2 2
O.S.Oia.
~
c ~ of Pipe 1.66 1.90 2.375 2.875
aos. Oi 2 2 2 2 2 2 2', 3'~. 3% 3% 3%
,
>
. A 6 6 6 7 7 n~
7 8 8 12 12
, . ' B 2M 2~ 3 3 3 3 4 4M
3h Blank 5 Blank 4 ' %
c 4 Blank 4J.1 5 ~ Blank 5' 9 Blank
-
f OR MASONRY AND CONCRETE Cored
Weight, Lb.
M % M
1.7 1,7 1.5 2.'
.-......
2.' 2.5 2.5
%
4.'
._. %
5.7 5,7
~.
rt" POST HO L DER AND EYE BOLT
4-
~ .. -r~ -
-. "'-, %" EYE BOLT TO .,.IT P I PE CLOSE L Y .
HOLES CORED ~" DIAMETER
IT -- - I WEIG HT 1.S LB. WITHOUT EYE BOLT .
:, i : ,It ." ."

..b
'
-:., POST B R AC K ET
,: ..
11 ,~
, I ,' .-.-" DRILL HOLES ~" LARGER T HAN
DIAMETE:R OF BOLT
~
"
Tap'O 'Oi' .-" , Size of Pipe 11i 2
oull PI". 1 2
;yo -- -- --
L'~~i 1~1+"
M 4 4 4Ji 4~
NLi M_! It- .

N 1).( 1~ 1% m
~
,::::J
We ight, Lb. 5_' 62 7_'
~..J_+++
.;",'-, ----- r"'- ft-
,," :'
1 ~ r \. See IIa{IM 162 and 163 for pi"" . ailing debits
AMERICA N I N ST I TU T E OF STEEL CON STRUCTIO N

150
CORRUGATED SHEET METAL CONSTRUCTION

Corrugated stet!\. in addition to its extensive application as roofing and siding for
buildings, is adaptable toother varied requirements such as lining of shafts. supports and
forms for floor arches, partitions. enclosures and cUlverts,
Corrugated sheets are available in steel of regular analysis or in rust-resisting
alloys. usually copper-bearing steel. either black (unpainted mil! finish), painted or gal-
vanized. Although the mills offer a wide choice in t yp.."S and widths of corrugations. the
curved type illustrated below is generally used. Standard lengths ronge from 60 in<:hes
to a maximum of 144 inches varying by 12 inches. Other lengths are available but
subject to an extra charge,
DATA FOR ESTIMATI NG ROOFIN G AND SIDIN G
,, Sloma
! , ~
""1. . . . . ,
l tan<lat<l lneel 28~
~ , , " O Co<", allon.at~t"-2!.~ 2~ 1'I0mlnal
~ ,"
, "&
...2t:.., ~""
" ~
I. t "
Corrugations: Nominal widths. 2-'4 inches (actual 2;{ inches). arc preferred for
domestic v.ork and 3 inch widths for export.
Roofing sheet is 27M inches wide after oorrugating and has one edge turned up
and the other down. It is laid with a side lap of 1M oorrugations (oovering approxi-
mately 24 inches net width) and a minimum end lap of 6 inches for roof pitch of 1\ inches
in 12 inches or over. For roofs under 4 inch pitch the minimum end lap should be 8
inches.
Corrugated steel roofing is seldom used for roof pitch under 3 inches in 12 inches.
Siding sheet is 26 inches wide after oorrugating and has both edges of sheet turned
the same way. It is laid with a side lap of one corrugation (oovenng approximately
24 inches net width) and a minimum end Jap of 4 inches.
For export work, roofing and siding are frequently furnished with 3 inch corruga-
tions and in 32 inch widths. oovering 27 inches net when laid with 2 corrugations side
lap. and 30 inches net with one corrugation side lap.
Sheet steel flashing must be provided at roof ridge, eaves, windows and wherever
necessary to insure watertight results.
The following approximate method of obtaining the gross area required may be used:
Roofing - Net area + end laps + 15% for side laps of 1!-1l corrugations.
Siding - Net area + end Japs + 10% for side laps of 1 corrugation.
AMERICAN IN S TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

15 1
CORRUGATED SHEET METAL CONSTRUCTION
2~" .!\II 3" Co<rugali1lnl
3"r
Stllnda.cI
~
,~-
..
Th lck_
Por-
mi .. ible
Variation
+- -
% 01 WI.
FI. t SMet.
Pound. pet Sq . Fl. 26" Sheell
Poltnd , pM Sq. Ft.
O,lv,
'l1J.1" Sheet..
PDU par Sq. FI.
Mu lmum Sp.an
B4tween SUpopCIrta
O.lv. Black Ollv. Blick R oofing Siding
- -- --- - -- - - - --- - - - - --
Bhlck
12 .107 5.0 4.53 4.38 4.88 4.71 4.94 4.77 5'9" 5'10"
14 .on 5.0 3.28 3.13 3.53 3.37 3.58 3.41 5'9" 5'10"
16 .061 5.0 2.66 2.50 2.86 2.69 2.90 2.73 5'9" 5'10"
18 .049 3.5 2.16 2.00 2.32 2.15 2.35 2.18 5' 9" 5'10"
20 .037 3.5 1.66 1.50 1.78 1.62 1.81 1.64 5'9" 5' 10"
21 .034 3.5 1.53 1.38 1.65 1.48 1.67 1.50 5'9" 5' 10"
22 .031 3.5 1.41 1.25 1.51 1.35 1.53 1.36 4'9" 5'10"
23 .028 2. 1.28 1.1 3 1.38 1.21 1.40 1.23 4'9" 5'10"
24 .025 2.' 1.16 1.00 12' 1.08 1.26 1.09 3'9/1 4',0"
2. .021 2. 1.03 .88 1.11 .94 1.13 .96 3'9" 4'10"
26 .018 2.' .91 .75 .98 .81 .99 .82 2'9" 3' 10"
28 015 2.' .78 .63 .84 .67 .85 .68 2'9" 3'10"
To obtain the weight or black painted sheets. add O.Q1S lb. per sq. ft. to weight of
black sheets.
Corrugated metal for export work IS usually specified to Birmingham (8.G .) gage.
Permissible variations oonfonn with tolerances adopted by the Association of
American Steel Manufacturen in 1929 and apply to weight o f steel sheels ordered by
weight or gage number.
F A STENIN GS FOR CO RRU GATED STEEL
~
RIG,. Call ClosifIfI RI ... t
r"'''~
A NO. 8 .1112'
<f?
) U",....II. HuG ClI .... h AI-4I
lu...I",..... Lenwth l!:it"
Clinch rivets shown above are the usual t ype of fastening!.. For special cases
where clinch rivets cannot be used, straps, clips and special bolts are available. Closing
rivets, J(e" dia. and driven cold, are used for riveting side and end laps.
AMER ICA N IN S T I TU TE 0,. S T E E L C ONS TRU C T I O N

152
BUCKLE PLATES
IT
. U
iDfff
i \ / \ / \ 11
"'f
I
_ .

------..

_ _a
I F=
. --"-;::.
1 - n
I '0 ,
\=::!t---'-'''I'f=jl
-U
Buckle plates are used on highway bridges with paved floors, on railroad bridges
v.;th ballasted track. and for a variety of other purposes.
The strength of buckle plates. when the buckle is turned up and in compression,
may be computed from the formulas (Winkler) :
Total uniformly distributed load:
W _ 4fdt, pounds per buckle.
Total concentrated load, in addition to uniform dead load:
t (lOOfdt- 25.2 pab)
F- &I+15t pounds per buckle.
a. b _ sides t = thickness d - rise of buckle, inches.
p _ unit load, pounds per SQ. inch.
f - allowable fiber stress, 9000 pounds per sq. inch.
Buckle plates are generally placed with the convex side of the buckle turned down
and in tension, in which case the strength of the buckle plates is about three times
greater.
Buckle plates are available in thicknesses ranging from K to ~ inches and maxi-
mum lengths (for the narrow plates) of 35 feet.
Buckles can be fonned with the maximum dimension lengthwise or crosswise of
the plate, but sizes should never be varied in the same plate.
Buckles are rectangular in shape with sides varying from 24 to 66 inches. and depths
of buckles varying from 2 to 4 inches. Flanges may be varied between the follOwing
limits:
e - 2" minimum, 18" maximum. (Unstiffened)
c - 2" minimum, 6" maximum.
s - 2" minimum, 6" maximum.
Size of buckles given below a re common standards and can be supplied by all
manufacturers.
S IZE OF BUCKLE S, INCHES
, 24 2. 26 3. 30 32 37 37 41 42 42 4, 45 48 517:
b 2' 3. 44 30 33 44 38 45 .2 45 48 44 .5 48 61
d 2)1 2)1 2 2)1 2)1 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3
Additional special d;e" o f dimemiom other than those given above and not standard fOl"" all manu
facturers. are available.. Co<uult individual manufacturers for complete dimm$iQ ....1 information On
lpecial dies.
AMERICAN IN S TIT U T E OF STE E L C O NSTR UCTION

153
PART II
ESTIMATING AND DETAILING

INFORMATION
This part contains such data on details and weights as

will be useful in preparation of estimates and detail drawings.
and have not already appeared in Part I.
DETAIL1NG PRACTICE
STANDARD BEAM CONNECTIONS
SEPARATORS. TIE RODS. AND ANCHORS
FIELO RIVET AND ERECTION CLEARANCES
PIPE RAILING DETAILS
RIVET DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS. ETC.
BOLT A ND NUT OIMENS I ONS. WEIGHTS. ETC.
A "" l!:flICAN I N STITUTE OF STEEL CO N STRUCTION

154
DETAI LING PRACTICE

Maxim um efficiency in the fabrication of structural steel by modern shops is
entirely dependent upon close cooperation between designing office. drafting room and
shop_ Designs should be favorable to, the drafting room should recognize and call for.
and the shop should adapt their equipment to the use of recurrent details which have
been standardized.
Consideration should be given to duplication of details and multiple punching or
drilling. Utilization of standard jigs and machinE~ set-ups eliminates unnecessary
handling of material and a ids drilling or punching holes in groups.
Column gage lines should confonn to the standard machine set-ups illustrated
below. Once determined they should be duplicated as far as possible throughout any
one job. Gages on an individual member should not be varied throughout the length
of that member.
DR ILL GAGES
Keep gages and longitudinal spacing alike, if possible. as drilling can be done
simultaneously in both flanges.
~l
I~f---'~ L...f'~m~
"""""
......
~ a" ~.!."r
Minimum "a" _ 3", Maximum "a" control!ed by size of member. Gages other
than standard should be multiples of 3".
PU N C H GAG ES
Minimum "b" - 2.l-:f'. Maximum "b" controlled by size of member. Gages other
t han standard should be multiples of 3". Maximum "c" controlled by size of member.
Longitudinal spacing of holes for both punched and dri!led work should be 3" or
mul tiples of 3". The adoption of such spacing facilitates the use of multiple drills and
punches and makes possible the use of the Standard Beam Connections detailed on
page 158.
In general the principles govemin~ the selection of gages and longitudinal spacing
of holes in beam webs and flanges are Identical with those for columns. Sketches and
notes for "Punch Gages" apply to all sections. Minimum gages are tabulated under
,. Dimensions for Detailing;' pages 15 to 59. See page 160 for mformation and dimen-
sions pertaining to clearance requirements.
Beams are oonnected to columns or other beams by framing angles or they are
seated. The need of providing for wind or other bending moments may require a com-
bination of the two. T ypical examples of seated and windbracing connections are
illustrated on the opposite page.
Standard Beam Connections (A. B, H and HH Series) should be used wherever
suitable; special heavy connections. page 248, should be used only when the capacities
of Standard Connections are exceeded. Single angle connections should be used only
where construction de.tails prevent the use of standard connections.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEl.. CONSTRUCTION

155
SEATED CONNECTIONS
Sealed oonntions without stiffener angles mar be used for end reactions up to
35 kips, thickness of angle varying uni(onnly with the load from 1.<2" (reactions of 15
kip'! or less) to 1" (reactions of 35 kips). Seated connections with Single or double
stiffeners are used for end reactions over- 35 kips or for beams over 18" in depth. See
page 256 (or lables of Stiffened Beam Sc:.1.ts.
WIND BRACING CONNECTIONS
Wind bracing connections, or connections designed to resist bending moments, are

usually made with angles or splil beams, Brackets are frequently used where archi-
tectural featu res and clearances penuit.
Il is essential. for erection PUflXlSCS. that sufficient clearance be provided between
the top angle and top of beam i"or all scated connections. For tOl? anRte!! riveted to
the column allow U" and !>Tovide two ~"fills: if the angle is to be sll1P1X'd loose provide
~" clearance with no fil s. To insure web holes matching. beam det.'1i1s should be
dimensioned from the bottom flange. Always work with the actual depth of beams,
never the nominal.
",nil"
Wh .... Interler.
they muat be Gut at .hown
to .lIow Insertio n of field
rivet. or bolU.
Jft3
TN.,utilcllo ..,n n ......
wi'"
wooD ....1_ chlPP*d
I no"
--~
II _ .. tla, '-C .. , 1<><1 cn!II"
OIl ""IHo, note "Cut not chip"
The.. tke t ~he. Indicate ttandard method. 01 proyl dlng clurance

lor burnt conn'c Un! to bum. or column . Where ,POMlble. a mini_
mum c le . rance 0 1 J.i' II to be provided. Conlult l.bCl cator lor dlmen-
alon lIat 01 hit ttandard COPel and block .
Coping or blocklnl 01 beama Ihould be avoided .. herever poui ble.
W hen conltr"ction .. I I permit. the elevation 01 the top of filler beamt
Ihould 1M "UlblllhMl I ,ufficient diltanee belo.. the top of g lrde.. to
clear the thlck.. t girder IIange. UnUt"aUy long or deep eoPI' and
blockt., Or blockl In burnt .. ith thin wetn., m.y materi.lly atrect the
See paD' 2~6 lor method .... p.cl1~ o f the be.m. Such beamt mull be I"v"tig.ted for both
of Uolculatlng value of the.. and mome"t at lin .. A and B and, when n _ l ' ) ' . dequ.te
connection. for IMlIm. rlln for-cement pro.olded. Some f.bric.to .... <1.. 1"",,, III the opera-
framlnlop_lte. tion. plc'tured above by the term "CuU."
For weights of Iundard connection. and mlnlm .. m 'pal'l' to which .pplle_blt, ...
For .lIow.blt lo.d, on Iu ndard conn..ction ..... p.;.. 2~2 10 247.
pa,.
Isti to '!>B.
For method. of ... I"u lall"1I lpe<;i.1 con "eetlon. and for deUIt 01 one .Ided connection ..... P'1I0 248.
AM ERIC ...... ' ... S TITUTE OF STEEL. CON!!ITRUCTIO'"
156

WIDE FLANGE BEAMS
W EI GHT S AN D M IN IM U M S PAN S
F O R UNIFO RML Y OI STRI BUTEO L OA D S
Entering thi, table with ,Iu of beam, the ,y mbol,and we ights of Standard ..... ". " H ", "HH",
and "8" Connection. au found. together with the min imum .pans lor which they are l"Uc,ectivel y
. "fficient. Standard "A", "1-1", and "HW' Connection. are lor uu with ~" rivet,. and tand"rd
"8" Connactionl are for u " with ~"rlvets. Standard Beam Connection. for .. s.. with ~." or U"
rivet . are d etailed on page 15.a.
More general information on c.p.clty of any connection, Standard or Special will be found
on pag 242 to 250.
Weillht, Include ,hop (web) rly"ts only.
Seclion
---
w.
I------, "A"
ConneehOn
W, M,n.
---,
"H"
Connecl,on
W, MIn.
I "HH"
Conoection
w. M,n.
I
"S"
Connection
w. MIn.
s.~
~!~ ~~
Depth CO. Symbol CO Symbol CO. Symbol CO. Symbol Span
CO
-- --- -- 'M' --_. -- ---- - - -'M'
-
36 300 40.8 31.3 25.5 55.6
280 38.1 29.2 23.8 51.9
260 35.1 26.9 22.0 47.9
2SO 33.7 25.8 21.1 45.9
240 32.3 24.7 20.2 44.0
230 AlO 62 30.9 HlO 66 23.6 HH 10 101 19.3 810 57 42.1
194 24.5 18.8 15.3 33.4
182 23.0 17.5 14.3 31.3
170 21.4 - 16.4 13.4 29.2
160 20.0 15.3 12.5 27.2
lSO 18.6 14.2 11.6 25.3
- - - - - - - - - 1 - - - ) - --- - - - -
33 24. 33.3 33.3 21.4 45.3
220 30.4 30.4 19.5 41.4
21. 28.9 28.9 18.6 39.4
200 A. 56 27.5
H9 77 27.5 HH9 90 177 89 51 37.4
152 20. 20. 12.8 27.2
141 18.3 18.3 11.8 25.0
132 17.0 17.0 1'.0t 23.1
125 15.6 15.6 10.5t 21.5
--
f------- - - - - - - --- - 1 - - - - --- - - - -
30 21. 30. 30.0 20.0 40.9
200 28.5 28.5 19.0 38.9
190 27.1 27.1 18.0 36.9
180 25.7 25.7 17.1 34.9
172 A8 SO 24.4 H8 68 24.4 HH 8 79 16.3 88 46 33.2
132 17.5 17.5 11.7 23.9
124 16.4 16.4 10.9 22.3
116 15.1 15.1 10.1 20.6
--
27
108
177
163
154
145 A7
--I~
43
26 .
23.9
22.6
213
-]--
H7 60
13.8
26.
23.9
22.6
21.3 HH 7 70
94t
- - - - ------
166
152
188
14.4
13.5 87 4.
354
32.6
30.7
29.0
114 158 15.8 101 21.5
106 14.6 14.6 9.8 t 19.9
98 13.9t 13.5 9.7 f 18.3
91 13.1t
--
12.3 9.2f
, 16.8
*1 " Rivet. in outstanding 1"tt'I. '-. " Riv~tB in ... ~b l~lt._

tThese spans governed by ,,'~b be3 ring or lO.'eb It-r.
AM ERICA N IN S T ITU TE O F S T Ef.:L CO N S T R U CT I O N

157

WIDE FLANGE BEAMS
WEI G HTS AND MINIMUM SPANS
FOR UNIFO RMLY DISTRJ BUTEO LOA. OS
"A" "H" " H H" "8"

$eeti""
, 1
CcnnoctJon Connect,,,,, Connection
I Connection
we
I w,. MIn. we MIn. we M,n.
~::'i
we M In.
So,"
""'"
Symbol
~~~ ~~~
CO. Symbool CO Symbol CO. Symbol CO. CO.
- - -CO,- - - - - - -,,,
- . --- --- ---r-- -'H'-
.,.".,
j!;.l
~
'"'"'''' 23.8 ".,, 25.5

238 1'1.2
"..
n.'
"..
n.' 1:l3
..
1~!.4 t 27.7
18.4 11.41 2!>.1
'"
''00" " AO
"
IS.4
ro 11.41
17.1 ~ H.
" " n.
,"..
16.9 HH.
.
16.9 15.3 11.4
13.6t 13.6
"" 13.51
13.01
"'gJ
1!i.S
H.7t
12.6
11.4
H.
Il.7t
11.5t
17.1
- - --
",
,,, " - - - -- - - - - - - - - - ---
12.61
----
23.4
-- --- -- - -
10.5
2M 1'1.1 31.9
" en "., "., 21.8 "-' 21.8 1:1.6
12.6 27.4
m 18.4 18.4 11.6t 25,1
.""
CO,
AO
"
15.8
14.6
H.
"
U.S
14.6 HH.
"
11.8
11.1
" "
21.4
19.9
.."."
13.!> 13.5 11.4 18.4
12.81 12.4 11.3t 16.9
12.6t 11 .1 I!.OI 15.2
12.41 10.3 7.9t 14.5t
l1.9t '7.61 13.91
--- - - --
11.61 1.St 13.6
-18- -124- - - -I - 1--- - - -- ~
n.' n.'
".". '"
18.7
17.21 '"
18.7
11.0
11.0
!I).3t
1O.2t
11121
27.7
25.4
23.2
"" 1M lilt 19.6
..
14.'tt
"" " n 14.21-

13.9t
13.81
1'2.Of
H.
" 13.1
11.8
10.8
....,,
HH.
" IMt
Il.3t
1i.3
" " 11.8
16U
lS.1
M
" 11 .81
'7.1;
" "
13.8f
......,-s1 'H" - - - - -
CO, 18.2
6>t
- - --- - - - '-' --- -_. i}.S1 --- ---
11.21-
18.'2 E....
%
16.8
15.3
16.8
15.3
iHt
iUt "19.0..
"-'
.,,.
y 14.31 14.0 9.5t
11.81 11.8 '7.61 16.1
" " .-.
11.4f 10.1 7.6t 14.6
""" " "

HH .
11.'2t H'
" 7.5f
" " 13.1
..
"" .., 11.0t
10.1t
10.Of
10.Of 6.7 t
7.51
1II.7t
6.71
6.11
12.91
11.81
1I.6f
11.1
..,.., ---- - - ~
6.1 f 6.11
-"-----I~ - - - - ---
4'2 11.4t 6.51 13.3t
" .," " " 11.1t
" -."
6.31 12.9t
'"- - "
10.11 H'
" 6.2t HH'
" 1'2.5 t
-- "- - - - - - - - - 9.8t 5.71

---- 1' .5t
. - -- ---
.
9.6t 6.3t 11.1t
" "" 9.51 6.3t 11.01
" - - --
"" - "- ---- 9.4 f H' 6.3t
" " ".Of
" ""
-
.., 8.2t
5.4t
- - - - - - - - - - --- --- - - I~
5.6t
,
..._.,
"" " " 5.'21
4.61 . _
-- - - ------~
" "
" I~-r.-w
."
I " " ,
A2 16
I
4.'2t
3.9t " , " 3.91
fJ1Jese SP3"" rovcmcd by web braring 0< "'eb shear.
AM E R ICA N ,
IN ST T U T E 0' S T EEL CoN S TR UC-ri o N
158

AMERICAN STANDARD BEAMS
WEI G HTS A ND MINIMUM S P AN S

FOR UNIFO RMLY DI STRIBUTEO L OA D S
Note. en page 156 apply in ge .. eral. but for ttle beam. lilted on tl\i, palle no " H" Or " HH "
conn."tions are standardized. If Ipan. are t oo ' hor t lor
Ihearl to<> great) for Standard "A" or
"8" Connectlon l tabulated. deve lop I pecl al connect ens in ,""corda nee with Information on
""lie. 248 and 249.
For Channe ll ......... m ... tandard <;o nn 8<:tlo n ... for Amer le .. " Sundard Bum of ""me depth.
Seelion ~
Connection ~
Connection Sec:li()r1
~
Connection I ~
Con.-I,on
Depth WI. 5ym- WL ~n. 5ym- W I. ~n. Depth WI. Sym- WI. M in.
In. Lb. boI Lb. FH~ bol Lb. FH~ In. Lb. 001 Lb.
~~
~ ~I-- --15.S I~ --- ----
115 15.1 20.6 12 ~ 6.6 8.9
ng.9 1::: ~:~ .5 AJ 16 ~:~ B3 14 ~:;
l~ A6 37 l~:~ B6 ~ It.~ ~.: ~:~; ~:~t
:g :::~ ~;:~ --I-:- __ __ 6.5f ~
79.9 ,_ 11.0t _ 1.6 10 40 5.8 - "
~~ : --12:2-- --Tri-i ~ A2 16 ~; 8 2 13 7.3
~
85
:1 ~
11.1
1~'! I 25~
151 - - - - --I--r
45 , __ 1--'::::[ _1
81.4 A5 31 10.B 85 28 14.7 B ~t5 g 4.3
~g
_ _ ~ ____ ~ _ _ _ ~_ _ ~
::~ g:~ 20.5 A2 16 2:8 82 13
3.4t 1_ _ _
;:g
,.,
18 ~~ :.~ g.~ 7 '20 4.4 6.0
60 A4 22 B'6 84 '20 ~~:! I
17.5 Al B 4.1 81 7 5.6
54.7 9:2f ~ 15.3 4.Ot 0.2
- ,,- ---,.-- - - - --sr - - - 11.5 -,-~ -1---;:;-- - - - --;-;-
70
~
~.8
50
45
A4 '22
B.l
n
~~
5.9
6.4t
84 20
11.1
lU
19:~
81
7:6
---
5
---
14.75
14.75
I~OO
12.2!I
AI
A1
--
8 L&.9
8
~
2.2
2.0
.-
81
8 1
--1-__
7
7
4.0
V
3.0
2.7
A
42.9 , B.8t , B.ot . 10 2.3t 2.5
STANDARD T WD.ANGI.-E: CONNE:CTIONS " A " AND " 0 " SERIES
AI'_-A'r--:r.' -r"1
.0 _BA'_ ,-f.i--t ~~.~
"A Iaef1

. .
tl . .
.
. I ~2t AI"-"n
.
.
--
STANDARD T W O_ANGLE CONNECTIO N S " H " AND " H H " SERIES
H l0 H9 H9 H7 H6 H6 H4 HS
" ' Il!,~~!.~

" H " , ..rlu "HH"Se".o
i ~ t'1, ;1-----
I t 1
t

,.
i1 r
r , t: .__.-
J,
. 1 '1
j'rhe!c spa"" "'..... rned by web

~r
~aring (II" web .1Iear-.

" HH ".e"'H 2-L! 6~8.R 2L! 6~8~
A M ERICAN INSTITU T E OF STEEl.- CONSTRUCTION

159
BEAM SEPARATORS
TYPI CA L BUILT-UP SEPARATORS
P IPE
e
ANGL E PLATE AND A NOLE
varla!>l.
;1 BEAMS 10" AND UNO-ER

4-"'""3E-
.~ 1 -<j''''''''''''''''j;--
:1i:::~;;i.~~.
,.
t:::
"
: !

BEAMS 12 " TO 2 7
~ ~
I==t
,
f ,, . !
l~.
t : .I. r
BEAMS O~ ER 27"
Above ,kotekes Indicate representative practice. Sera.ate", should be .paced app.oKI-
",ately 6' 0" center to center: thickness and slle of materia and number 01 bolta and . iveu to
be a dallted to c,,:"dl.t l o n l .
TIE RODS AND ANC HORS
TI E RODS BUILT-IN A N C H OR BOLTS SWEOGE BOLTS
\l-r, tt:'{'t It"

..I c. 10 c. 01 beam.
flex. Nu,
r
"
sova te
..
HU.Nu,
""' ~
r
"
_ 0,,"
,or'
Le nllth o. to o. o f rod should
be lpeclfled In ml.l ltiplnol3 Inch et.
Oj l"""er Tobl Wei ght
4 PI.t.
Wej~ht
one
Includ u
uagon nut
". incl u,!. ng two nLIIs, Lb.

Sq. Nu1
Diam . Weight
% .087l .21+
+ In general, built-In 3 n"hor bolh
". ---
---
length
CO.
---
V. .1251 .28 should ute nd Into the maso nry 1 1'0" 3 .1
Ji .1701 +.46 Ie.. th3n :r 6" . 3nd f3 rther 6.0
1 .2231 + .70 ""
when ne"e"3ry
17.:
H,
"3"
1'3" 8.7
GOVERNMEN T ANC H ORS ANGLE WA LL ANCHO RS
i)eplh
, Wei~ht
..,
~
~
wit
"'m ". "".
I ~~ '". CO.
--- no . _f.
.., ;.
~
10
{;?
'"'
under
7
:I':
,
12-1 4 6
~
i" f'" 15-16
18
9
9 14

!
20-21 12
0
~" Rod " 9 " Lonll. Weight 3 pou nd , <
24 & over 12
AMER ICA N IN S TITUT E O F STEEL. CONSTRUCTION
160
FIELD RIVET AND ERECTION CLEARANCES
RIVET CLEARANCE- W' COLUMNS
,,.. , 14 W' 428 to 43 lb. ,." ,

,
,.,,1 lIme"olon constant
10 . 'IF ool~rnn .....110M
. ij 11IW' I OOto40Ib. .1 I.t
lome II<)ml".' "eplh. . 11 lO W 1301033 1b. .o t. I,t.
' 11 .' Il It
~
8W 07 to:!4 I!>.
, It"web
! lr
~
(,). r1 !.>- JL
0=
~
~ IL
:
~
~
F
M .~. 8"p 10'
en,e,l" 11.leI fl to.
I," .. II
'Il .;>. 14 'IF 42 Sto 4a lt!. ,y 'l 14 'IF 42 8 to 43 lb. ,
..' .... ,2
.f 12".,.. 190104011>. , f f 11IVi' I OOto 40 Ib.
' If 10 W 136 to 331t>. af ,f 10".,136103311>-
a,\ a;>. 8W87to2411>. a I,f e W OTto:!4 1!>.
Ba.o~ on Dlm .... I..... of Str\<ct",,..1 Rln~. p.,e 1$4, .nd L.~t h o f StNet ... ,... R ivets, page 1K.
FLANGE CUTS FOR COLUMN WEB CONNECTIONS
,
, , , w,.." ........
, , ,
0
0

,
"" I'.mlnl.o ,1M!

0
'fiif
". .. _A.
0 n ..... of COII...,,,,lnl&rl .......,"
lI<Oamol.o,.,I.,..o th. _0 01 II
'''It
~I
column, ,,.. I~tt .. mUO' 1M
" ~ ~
~ ~ ~
'I ~ 2 ~ In .11 ,,<a __
e ..... _be ..
muot ....,..",d I>t d.oppl"ll
4own, allOw~' ,. .It i~ol'.~"'"
. ' ....... I>Ud ...
_ -II r "'"l 1'---_

~1J"
o 14 W' 4l1 G 10 l.lI lb.
8 14 W' 138.0 87 lb.
7 14 W' 84 I.. 78; 12 W' 190 to 85 lb.
6 14"'741,,61: 12WU'o53; lOW" 138'0 49 10.

5 I.W lle'G .S ' 12W150to40; 10 W" 4 11 to SS' 6 W' 81'oS I Ib.
4 BW'27 ..... 241b.
Sued on Dim,n,I",,. 0 1 Structural Rive tt, "Ig' 164.
AMERICAN JN STITUT~ OF S'tf;EL. C O N S TRUCTI O N

161
ERECTION CLEARANCES
FOR INSERTING AND DRIVING RIVETS
, ,
,..
,
An ham me.. except No. 11 ean be tltted w ith
"0. ....... D,am. WI. Length \Oaa..
Length 00;,,: Inverted handles . The art! for c rowded work
--
Rivet 0
,- -
I In .
L I
C
In . Lt>.. ~ ~I~I ....
C ~ I and are only provided by .peelal arra n gement .
50 l1 2~ 16 5 20 18 22 14 17 Used only with inverted handle todrive in close

quarters.
60 l1 2J.. 1II 6 23 19M 24 15)j 19 Rarely used.
80 I 2~l6 8 25 21)j 26 17)j 21 Used for all except heaviest riveting.
90 1 ~ .. 2,. 9 26 23~ 28 19U 23

j Uscd for heaviest riveting.
11 l)j 2,. 11 32 26>; 31 - -~- ...! -- ~- .
, , I ,
,
~ ~ Il )
1 oOf
p
~ ,TL,." ,"'",
~
1111
IU
e
,,
,, , ".
4
,,
,, ,,8 ,2.%
\,
,,
~ .. _R_Ol,~;
~ - ~-- .... - '

If hammer can be "rolled." easier driving and morc symmetrical heads are
obtained. T o pcnnit this, distance " F " must be as given here and field rivets
must have a perfect st;)gl{et with shop rivets.
~~=
r:-- 4
OJ, (--.:::J'
1 111 = 0
r- "
L ,,---
A- STANDARD OPEN IIANOLE B--I NvERTEO H ANDLE
A M E R ICA N IN S TITUT E OF ST EE L CON STR UCTI O N

16.
PIPE RAILING
TYPI C AL OETAILS SHOWIN G USE OF STANDARD FITTINGS
I ' ll"
S...,. B-B
8ee. C-C
8"". A-A
..,."
I'
W ~er. Po"'bl
(""
RECOMMENDED S I ZES
1on Inch Standard Pipe for Rail
Ion Inch Ext.a Strong pipe for
Posta.
St~ndard fitting s, to be used wherever possible .
Ihould ba desilln~ted by type and l izes of outlet. :
detail dlme"li ons I hould not appear on drawing s
or material orde .... POl ta al'il anembled in one
piece with threaded fitt inlls. Rails Ihould b,
contlnl,lou l through fittinllS at Intermediate POl t s
(pinned I lip join ta) :and th ...."ded for connection
at encl, of run. . Rail . are I pliced with . undar<!
coupl i nlls.
Holes for * inch plnl to be drilled
All th .... ad. rillht hand at far"l possible.
Se. P"O" 148 and 149 for detail, of fittlngl .
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE O F STEEL CONSTftUCTlON

163
PIPE RA ILING
TYPICAL DETAIL.S SHOW I NG USE OF SPECIAL F I TTINGS
I II"
---------------- - ~-------- ----
RECO M MENOEO S I ZES
1 ~ In .." Standllrd Pipe for Rail .

l'A Inch Extra Strong Pipo for
".,,,.
8ec. A_A
Sp'al fitting, ... ually .. ~ailable
in . Iopqof 30, 35, 4Oand45deo_.
A variation of pi ... Dr mlnu. 2M
degrees In . Iope of .aillng i. per_
~. mibible.
I Corner p",,~:
threaded,
end fittlnll'
Intermediate
pinned, polls In one length.
fittinll'
tLF~-=]--10
Intermedi a te Post.: End fittlnll"
and intermediate fittings threaded.
POlt. In two lenllth,.
Rail, should be continuo ...
through fitting, at Intermedlat"
post, (pinned . Iip jointa) lind
threaded for connection .t "nd. of
run . Rall,are .plked ""itk ,und-
ard COl.lpllng .
Holes for,. Inch pin, to be
drilled. All thrud, r ight hllnd ;os
b.;It ponible.
SeCt pa.lle.l48 and 149 for details
of fittlnll .
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONST R UCT I O N

164
DIMENSIONS OF STRUCTURAL RIVETS

..;0;>'
L~
. r} ~
~~ ~~ _L
"
-~-,r N

~ ,.,
C- bf3o"
~
~~~'
;
~ ,
DRIVEN HEADS MANUFACTURED HEADS DRIVINO Cl EARAN CE
C ia. of Rivet. Inches '{

"' ". ",)I
"-'.
A 1.50 +~ )i pft 2 2
1
" ,
2)1
'".'..
H Ii ~ ,~
.425 A
"", . )I
F
C
1.5 H
'''; ' Ji
",
11 \.b t'"
," 1" - -11"_ . - -
2)/; 2'4 2}i
' Ji
K .5 0 - ", "
",",
,~
,,. }1 __ 11 4
A
H
1.5D +~
.750 +~
+" Ji )I
"1
I ~M
UM
",)i ,'- 11 5 M
".
2Ji
",
PM
2'.
11~
""
F .750 % ~~ % , )/; ' Ji ' )/;
;,
......" " "" ," 11'." "'. %" " ",.
M .50 Ji Ji Ji Ji Ji Ji Ji Ji
'. '. . ,'.

N .093
G .750 - ?u ~j % )I %
C ,,)/; '''; 2)/; 2 1, ~ 2%
Die, In.
K
B
.50
'. " " '
2'. 2Ji
}of
31~
~
D riving E (min.)
1' 4
)I
2
,)i
". , 'Ji
2)1
~. 1J.i
3.\.i
1~
' )I
1~
Clearance
Inches
E (preL) 1 ".
' Ji ' )I ' Ji ' )I 1~ Hi 2
CONVENT IONAL SIGNS FOR RIVETING

1M li MIts
USU A L GAGES FOR ANGLES , INCHES CRIMPS

--, b _ I
M," ._2'
+ I ~"
1 ~ 1 ~,, 1 '" 1 ~ ~'~ ~

4M 4 3}i3 2}i 2
3 2 ~ 21 42
" 3 3 2h l h
" A M ERICAN IN STI T UTE: 0'" STEEL CONS TRU C TI O N
165
i"
iL.: -!-I-H
t:~r. I <1>
i':: . :
"" ~
.I-lH
",,~
,,'. ,
H1>III'"
.
: ; It:: : .
,
~
RIVET SPACING nmw .,
~a i
T MINIMUM PITC H FOR MACHINE RIVETING

~
Oi of
Rwe!
, k
Di ,tance. f . I~
--- Hi 1)4 1% J!.~ 1% 1~ 1~ 2 2J.! 2~.i 2'~ 2)1 2~ 3

- 1=
H Yo H16 ~ 0
)1 I 1% ~ )1 0
% I J.! l U~ IJoi 1 ~ % 0
~ IN 1 ~..L - .... I ~ IJoi I ~ 0
Joi 1% 2 l J1 1% 1Joi li % 0
1 1)1 2'. ,. 1% 1)1 lH I J.! 1j )1 0
1J.! ' % 2% _._. 1~ ' % 1)1 ' % I J.! li 0
1 ~ 1 ~ 2% - - .... 2 1li 1~ 1)1 l U 1 % 0
13s 1Yo 2' ," _ 2J.! 2 1li 1~ 1)1 1~ )1 0
-
1)1 2 3 .. ..
I -
.... 2~ 2J.! 2 l li 1% 1Joi 0
MI N IMUM P ITC H TO MAINTAIN 3 DIAMETERS C. TO C.

,
Oi_lanoe. II, Inchel
Oia. of
m
RiYet I 1~ 1)1 lU 2 2)4 2)1 2 31 3 3~ 3)1 3U 4 4)4 4)1
- - - - - - - -
% I J.! )1 0
)1 1)1 IJoi li 0
% 1li 1% 1%
1J.! % 0
~ 2~ 2 1li
1% 1% 1 0
li 2% 2)1 2%
2J.! 2 l U 1% ~ 0
I 3 2li 2~ 2% 2)1 2~ 2 1% 1Joi 0
IJ.! 3!oj 3!1 3Joi 3 2li 2U 2)1 2~ 2 1)1 li 0
, J1 3~ 3% 3)1 3Vs 3% 3~4 3 2~ 2)1 ,~ 1li Hi 0
1% 4Joi 4 4 3Yo 3U 3% 3)1 3~ 3Joi 2Yo 2)1 2J.! H4 I 0
1)1 4)1 4!oj H~ 4U 4Joi 4 3Yo 3 ~ 3)1 3% 3J.! 2li ,)1 2 1)1 0
COVER PLATE RIVETING

-
, d b d
'"- - '"-
-- I'".- --
'"
H 2
'4 -~. ,,~. t'"
2)1
~
1 2% '.J' : 2li
lH 2~ ~ 2~
2 2~
-- 0 ;. ~]f-O:~:*~O-O
_____ 1'.::::..> _______________ ____ ~.!L
."S"t 0 - I 2M
2H 2li ------------------------------
":-':..---'r.:;:..,,::=--:=.;:..-::--=-:---<?~~==
1~ 2Joi
3 2Yo ~-~,~,~~~~
1)1 2
3H 3 I~ I~
4 3Joi 2 1)1
5 3~ 2!4 I
6 3Joi 2)1
A M ERICAN I N S T IT UTE OF STEEL. CONS T RUC T ION
166
LENGTH OF STRUCTURAL RIVETS

LENGTH OF UNDR I VEN RIVETS . I N INCHES.
FOR VARIOUS GRIPS
-UrI;;;1
DJ~lJ~"
, ,
-,.-"~
- --,
r------ L. ~'t~ 1
COUNTERSUNK H.O D:...,_ _ _ _I
EC'O
~~~:
D':amet... o. R,vet, ,,,,,lies
I }1 ' _~ ' }i _~ l ' 1.% IJl:I'
2U
2
3
3
3%
3}2
3~
3
4 3 3
4 3 3
4 }4, 3h 33i
4% 3% 3%
4)1 3% 3%
4% 3~ 3~
4U 3Ji 3Ji
4 4 4
4X
4)1 4)1
4~ 5 5',
5', 5',
4% 4
4}.,\ 4~:(
44%
5 5 5h 5)1 4Ys
5 5 5)1 5%
5%
4)1
5 ~"8 5'1 5~ I.... 4% 4%
5)1 5)1 5 ~i 5)1 4Ji 4J>
5% 5%
5~ 5X
5
6
6
6
5
5%
5
5
i~"" 5)1 6 I j , 1 5.14 5J4 5~i
r
6 6% ... _ ... ,_ 5~5~i 5%
66% 6
6%
..........: 5M 5~
. . . . 5% 5%
5)1
5%
1_.. SU SU
6)1 6~ 5h'
6% 6J> . ... 6 6 6
6 ~.i
6)1
7
7%
.. _
......
6~
. 6~;( 6}.1
6,!1 66',
7
7~i
7',
7% I... 11 6~~
..+........... 6.!7
6%
6)1
. ns 7)1 .,. I..... 6% 6%
. 7%
I ..... ,. 7~
7)1
7"
7Ji
8 ":1:" '1.:'... 7~~
6~
6J>
7
I ...... 8
8 8Ji
8' .,
.. . 7h
7%
n.
7%
Above Ubi. may val')' fro m nan d" ,,, p .... ctl ce o f indlYldual ' abrie. t orallnd .ho"hl be cheeked
.,,,alnlt .uch l tanda'''' by u n .
AMERICAN I N ST , TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

,.7
WEIGHT OF STRUCTURAL RI V ETS
Wf:IGHT WITH ONE HI GH BUTTON ( ~CORN ) M-'NUfACTUREO H EAD IN POUNDS PER 100
...
Length
,~
D,ameter of A,,,,,!. I~
Length
' ~Q 'i
Diametor of Rivet, Inchea
-I
"' 50 74 104 138 180 226
51 76 106 141 183 230
\1 52 78 108 144 187 234
12 .. 1 53 79 110 147 190 239
12 20 31 45 60 81 104 54 81 113 149 194 243
13 21 32 47 63 85 108 55 82 115 152 197 247
14 22 33 49 66 88 113 57 84 117 155 201 252
14 23 35 51 69 92 117 58 85 119 158 204 256
15 24 37 53 72 95 122 87 121 161 208 261

16 25 39 55 74 99 126 89 123 163 212 265
17 26 40 57 77 102 130 90 125 166 215 269
17 27 42 59 80 106 135 92 127 169 219 274
18 28 43 62 83 109 139 93 130 172 222 278
19
19
20
29
31
32
45
46
48
64
66
68
85 113 143
88 116 148
91 120 152
I 95 132 174 226 282
96 134 177 229 287
98 136 180 233 291
21 33 50 70 94 123 156 100 138 183 236 295

21 34 51 72 97 127 161 101 140 186 240 300
22 35 53 74 99 131 165 103 142 188 243 304
23 36 54 76 102 134 169 104 144 191 247 308
23 37 56 79 105 138 174 106 147 194 250 313
24 38 57 8\ 108 141 178 107 149 197 254 317
25 39 59 83 110 145 182 109 151 199 257 321
26 40 60 85 113 148 187 110 153 202 261 326
26 41 62 87 116 152 191 155 205 264 330

27 42 64 89 119 155 195 157 208 268 334
28 44 65 91 122 159 200 159 211 271 339
28 45 67 93 124 162 204 ,1 161 213 275 343
29 46 68 96 127 166 208 164 216 278 347
30 47 70 98 130 169 213 166 219 282 352
30 48 71 100 133 173 217 168 222 285 356
31 49 73 102 135 176 221 170 224 289 360
WEIGHT WITH ONE COUNTERSUNK HE AO IN POUNDS PER lOa
For Countersunk Rivets, use weight

given above with fonowing deductions. .i I 1,!-i .1
Deduction, lb.
WEIGHT OF H IG H BUTTO N ACORN
3
HEADS AFTER DRI V I NG
"
12
1
18 26 36
Diameter of Rivet, Inches .!1 H ~ ~

Weight per 100 Heads, lb. - - - - - I I- "4- , l -T -'2 r -i8 I 26
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CON STRUCTION
168
SCREW THREADS
"meric,," Standard Free Fit-Class 2
, t- ' I
r~
n . ~~t , ol
.,
---~------- K
.,
,...0 ,
DIAMETER Numbe r DIAMETER AR", Number
" '" , .
,..
Totoo l Threads Tota l Tota l T hreads
,..
""
K Oia., D ""
C ia . K ~, 0 ""
K Dia. D ""
Doa. K
Sq. I n. Sq. In.
'M' '". '" Sq, In. Sq, In.
'"'"
:{
%
.185
.29'
.049
.110
'()27
.068
20
16
2J,i
2~
2.175
2.425
4.909
5.94<J
3.716
4.619

J,i
%
.400
.507
.620
.'96
.307
.1 26
.202
.302
"10
11 3
3 1(
2.629 7.069
8.296
5.428
6.509
3J,i
li .442 2.879 3
% .73 1 .601 .419 9 3J,i 3 .100 9.621 7.549 3h
3~ 3.317 11 .045 8.641 3
1 .838 .785 .551 8
1)1
lo ti
.939
1.064
.994
1.227
.693
.890
7
7
')1 3.567
3.798
12.566
14.186
9.993
11.330
3
2Ye
1% 1.158 1.485 1.054 6 . J,i 4.028 15.904 12.741 2U
lJ,i 1.283 1.767 1.294 6 4~ 4.255 17.721 14.221 2%
1% 1.389 2.074 1.515 5J,i
Hi 1.490 2.405 1.744 5 5 4.480 19.635 15.766 2J,i
1% 1.615 2.761 2.049 5 5 J{ 4.730 21 .648 17.574 2J,i
5J,i 4.953 23.758 19.268 2%
2 1.711 3.142 2.300 ' J,i 5% 5.203 25.967 21.262 2%
2!{ 1.961 3.976 3.021 '%
6 5.423 28.274 23.095 2~i
LENGTH OF BOLT THREADS
Diamete r 01 Boll, Inches.

Le,~BoI t
H % J,i % )I % 1 l yo p~ 1% p-
" 1%
1)1 1% 2 2~4 2Y2 : 2 ~ 3 37.( 3)j
I-- -- ----
1 10 l J,i )I )1 1 I }.(
l % to 2 % )1 1 1}41 ,!-2 l J,i
2J1 to 2J,i )I % 1 1~4 I j1 I ~ t %,
1%, 21 '
2% to 3
3J1 to
471 to 8

% Ys 1 1}.I M
'"
% }i 17.( 17.( 1,\i lU 1)1 211' 2J,i
1 1 1)4 t M I N 2 2 J~ 2}2'2N 3 ~4 3}.1 4
"
8 J1 to 12
12.J1 to 20
l yo lYO 1)j 2 ~:i' 2)j
III I II lJ,i 21 ~'~r2 ?U 2J,i 3 I;
3%' 4 ~. 4711 '% 5 5J,i 6U 7 7)1 8J,i ' J,i
3 711 4 47.(14 .11 ' % 5 5.11 6 U 7 7 ~ 8J,i 9J,i
1 1
Bolt. "ot IItted are threaded lIbout l times the diameter.
$ta"dllrd bolt. longer th a n lU inches are In no cue threaded eloser to the he ad than ~ InCh.
AMERICAN IN STIT U TE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

' 69
BOLT HEADS AND NUTS
" H
American Stand a .... Bolt a nd Nut dimen .io n .

Am.dell" Anwican rounded to the "eareet \o-I nch, are those
HEADS AND NUTS Standard Standard adopted by American I nstitute of 801t. Nut a nd
R"IIutar H~.,
R I~et Man"fac t"."rs an d approved by Ame.ican
_ Standard s Auoc:iation Mar<:h, 1933. " Ameriu n
Height, H ~. 0 ~ D +_ li(;" Standard Regular" lor merl )" called Manu'"c_
H"'O I -;;cc::",:-~ I----c:C;~---1 ture ... Standard. Am e.lca n Standard, etc .
Sl><YtOiL,F !}SO I ~ D + }i" "A meri can Standard Huvy" formerly called
-- - I----"c-;;----+"-'~'-'--I Un it ed SU t e. Standard. Som e fabrlcato .. I>:ave
Heillht. N _)i :Occc-c-clc",",OOccc.J from IUndard heado and nut. differi ng on ly , li gh tly
the Ubi... For bo lts wit .. countersunk
NUT SI>o<t Oi . , F I !.1 D+ l{a"(D - l~"otIUl): 1!10 + 7'8" heads t he Included angle 78 dell.e"t. the earn.
__'-_ __
-','""'-'O"{"O".e'~"",.'_"'" '"l"'''l)c'___~ n for rivet See page 1&1 fo~ dimension, .
STANDARD DIMENSIONS
J.
)1 %
'"
1Il6
1~~ 1116 "J.
1)"
15"
)
1Y8
'.,.%
1~ 1~
P!1e 1.\--2 )i
P ~l6P!1a 1
2Ys 1% 'l %
2% 2'" U
9
2 .16 2}4 PIG
2~ 211~ Pi
2
21~
3%
3%
11 , 2%
21'16
2U
2 U
,,.
))1
)%
' )i
3Us 3 3~{6 3"" 2
3Ji 3%" 4 3)1 2~i
474 3U 4~ 3Ji 2)1
4% 4Ys 4Ji 4~ 2U
5Ys 47i 5}4 4% 3 6%
5~{& 4 Ya 5 11 M 5 3!:j' 6)i
6 574 6Ys 5% 3)1 7%
6Ue 5% 6~~ 5U 3% 7)i
6Ji
n:t"
7%
6
6%
6~
7
1f{6
71~
6)i
6!1
6%
4
4~
4 )1
.'"
8%
9",
a~ 7Ys 8U 7U 4U 9L ~
a"
9
7702
7%
81 ~iG
9)i
7%

5
5 1:1'
10)1
11
7%
.,.
9%
91 ~
a"
8%
l 9%;
10
8Ys
8U
5)1
5%
11 )1
12
'%
10!i 9 4 l0Ys 9}i 6 12)1 9%
AMERICAN IN ST IT U T E OF STEEl. CONSTRUC T ION
170
WEIGHT OF BOLTS
W ITH SOUARE HEADS AND HEXAGON NUTS
' N POUNDS PER
'"
Thl. h ... d and nut <:omblnulon, "ling "America .. SUndard Regular" dlmenllonl, II
ulull practici with many fabrlc:oto",.
Oi....-.ater 01 BOln in Inchol

...!;..
~
,- J: li
liJ~~ ._-- ~i 1 I
'" 1)1
Ji p ..
- ---.,--
I 2.7 5.0 7.2 11.2 14.9 28 43
3.1 5.5 8.0 30
:~
12.2 16.3 46 68
3_' 6.1 8.8 13.3 17.7 32 49 73 103 144 190
1,.- 3_8 6.6 9.6 14.4 19.0 35 52 77 109 151 199
2 '.1 7.2 lOA 15.4 20.4 37 55 81 115 158 208
2~'i 4_5 7.7 11.1 16.5 21.8 39 58 85 120 165 216
2Ji 4.8 8.2 11.9 17.5 23.2 41 61 90 126 172 225
2,.- 5.2 8.8 12.7 18.6 24.6 43 64 94 131 17. 234
3 5.5 9_3 13.5 19.7 260 45 68 98 137 187 2.2
3~ 5.9 9_9 14.3 20.7 27.4 48 71 102 142 194 251
3Ji 6.2 10.4 15.1 21.8 28.8 50 74 107 148 201 260
3,.- 6.6 11.0 15.8 22.9 30.2 52 77 111 153 208 268
4U 6.9
7.3
7_6
11.5
12.0
16.6
17.4
23.9
25.0
26.1
31 .6
33.0
34.4
54
56
58
80
83
115
119
12.
159
165
215
222
277
286
. Ji 12.6 18.2 86 170 229 294
,
' ''-
5,.-
8.0
8.3
8.6
13.1
13.7
14.2
19.0
19.8
20.5
27.1
28.2
29.3
35.7
37.1
38.5
61
63
65
89
93
96
128
132
136
176
181
187
236
243
250
303
312
321
5Ji 9.0 14.8 21.3 30_3 39.9 67 99 141 192 257 329
5,.- 9.3 15.3 22.1 31.4 41.3 69 102 145 198 264 338
G 9.7 15.9 22_9 32.4 42.7 71 105 149 204 271 347
6 1{ 10.0 16,4 23.7 33.5 44.' 74 108 153 209 278 355
76 111 158
~~
10.4 16.9 24.5 34.6 45.5 215 285 364
46.9 78 162 373
7
7 1-(
10.7
11.1
I \.4
17.5
18.0
18.6
25.2
26.0
26.8
35.6
36.7
37.8
48.3
49.7
80
82
"'
118
121
166
170
220
226
231
292
299
306
381
390
7Ji 11.8 19.1 27.6 38_8 51 .1 84 124 175 237 313 399
7,.- 12.1 19.7 28.' 39.9 52.4 87 127 179 2'2 320 407
8 12.5 20_2 29.2 41 .0 53.8 89 130 183 248 327 416
8)j -. ,. 21.3 30.7 43.1 56_6 93 136 192 259 341 '34
9 ....... .. 22.4 32.3 45.2 59.4 98 143 200 270 356 451
9)j _......- ... 23.5 33.9 47.4 62.2 102 149 209 281 370 468
10 _......_... 24.6 35.4 49.5 65.0 106 155 217 293 384 486
10)j _......_... ., .......... 37.0 51.6 67.8 111 161 226 304 3!J8 503
II ,., ... _... ........... 38.6 53.7 70.5 115 168 234 315 412 520
11M __
....... . .......... - 40.1 55.' 73.3 119 174 243 326 426 538
12 __
......__. _..... .. 41.7 58.0
-...... _ ... ......._- ...._... 60_1
76.1 124 180 251 337 440 555
12Ji
13 _. _
-._.... _._- ....._.. 62.3
-._- - __
78.9
81.7
128
132
186
193
260
268
348
359
'54
468
573
590
I3Ji
14 __ - _ ---
.... ._.. .... ... 64.'
... . .....
_.... _-. "-"--' ....
... _- 66.5
84.5
87.2
137
141
199
205
2n
285
370
382
482
496
607
625
14)j
_.... . ---- ._ ..- .. "._-
__ __ 90.0 145 211 294 393 510 642
15
I5Ji
16 _ _
......._.- . ...... _...._... .. ..._-,-
-'"
-. __ ....... _.. _... .. ....... .... - ...

92.8
95.6
98.4
150
154
158
320
415
'26
218
224
230
302
311
404 525
539
553
660
677
694
... 1"'" I.. 2.2
---
3.1 4.3 f
---- - .
5.5 8.7 12.5 17.0 22_3 - - -28.2- -34.8-
addilional
AMERICAN IN STI TUT E OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

171
WEIGHT OF BOLTS
SPEC I AL CASES
I N POU NDS PER 100
VARIAT IONS IN H EADS OR N UTS
As stated on page 170, usual practice is Square Head and Hexagon Nut. " American
Standard Regular". For other combinations o f head and nut, or for ,. American Stand-
ard Heavy", make the appropriate deductions and additions of weights of hends and
nuts as tabulated ~!ow. from the weights per 100 found Oil page 170.
Diameter of Bolt, Inch ...

We.ght of 100 ~
,'
I"
~ ~ ~ 1
'" loi 1 ~ H4'
)i j{
"
Square H eads ,7 1,4 2,2 3,2 5,1
,
10 18 42 60 84
"1.
, H exagon H eads
Square N uts
H exagon Nuts
,6
,81
,64
1,2
L7
1,4
1,'
2,3
1,'
2,8
4,1
3,7
4,5
5,6
4,2 ,
10
15
14
12
25
"
18
36
35
28
52
49
42
73
67
54
-- -- -- --
1:
Square Heads
~ H exagon H eads
Square N uts
H exagon Nuts
....
....
" ....
........ "
........ ....
.....
..... ....
--,
....
..
,
',5
8,2
7,'
6,6
17
14
14
11 "
28
24
19
'"
36
35
28
61
53
50
41
84
73
66
56
112
94
92
73
HEAVY BOLTS
Weights of bolts over 17.1' inches in diameter may be calculated from the following
data. Standard practice is "American Standard Regular" head with "American Stand-
ard Regular" or "Heavy" nut, as specified .
Diameter of Boll, Inches

Weight of 100 &aeh
1.!1 1~ 2 .,
2' ' 2)1 2M 3 3!{ 3)1 3U 4
Square H eads 143 226 343 484 660 881
r-- -- - - - - - -
1148 1452 1830 2241 2710
~ H exagon H eads 124 196 297 419 577 764 994 1257 1585 1941 2350
I Square N uts 116 184 276 391 53' 666 874
H e~agon Nuts 102 162 231 337 472 606 825
1 - - - - - - -r-- - - - -
Square H eads 190 295 432 608 825 1087 1401 l775 2115 2715 3312
~ H exagon H eads 162 254 377 538 727 890 1214 1526 1906 2344 2845
i Square Nuts 154 242 355 496 674 831 1OS2 1767 2043 2303
296'
H exagon N uts 303 422 573 742 1008 11 96 1485 1789 2184
Po~nda ~ linear
Inch 01 hank
'" 208
-- -- -- -- ----
,5007 .6815 ,8900 1.127 1.391 1,683 2,003 2,348 2.723 3.1 26 3,556
-- -- -- --
AM E R IC AN IN S T I TUTE O F" ST EEL CO N S TR UC TI O N

In
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE; OF STE;l.. CONSTRUCTION

173
PART III
AL L OWABLE LOADS
BY
A . I. S. C. SPECIFI C ATION
CAPAC IT I ES OF
WIDE FLANGIE. AMERICAN STANDARD AND

MISCELLANEOUS SECTIONS USED
A5 BEAMS
WIDE FLANGE, AMER I CAN STANDARD AND

MISCELL,Io.NEOWS SECTI ONS USEO
AS COLUMNS
COMPOUND SECTIONS USED AS COLUMNS
PIPE COLUMNS
COLUMN BASE PLATES

BE,AM CONNECT IONS
P I NS, RIVETS AND BOLTS
AMERICAN INS"! ITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

174
ALLOWABLE LOADS ON BEAMS
The tables of allowable loads for Wide !-l ange. American Standard. and Miscel_
laneous Sections used as simple beams. give the total allo ..... able uniformly distributed
loads in kips, for ordinary spans hltcrally supported. The loads include the weight of
the beam. which should be deducted to arrive at the net load which the beam will
support.
The tables are also applicable to simple beams laterally supJXlrted. carrying a single
concentrated load at the center of the 5p..'In. For this condition the allowable concen-
trated load is one-half the allowable uniformly distributed load for the same span.
It is assumed in all cases that th e loads are applied nonnal to the X-X axis as shown
in the tables of properties of sections. and that the beam deflects vertically in the plane
of bending only, If the conditions of loading involve forces outside of this plane, the
allowable loads must be determined from the general theory of flexure, in accordance
with the character of the load and its mode of application.
SYMBOLS USED IN BEAM TABLES. At the bottom of the pages giving safe
loads on beams the following values are tabulated:
S - Section modulus, in inches3
V _ Maximum web shear, in kips ,. 13dt
R _ Maximum end reaction, in kips, (or 3~ inch bearing - G (3.!1+k)
G - Increase in R. in kips. for each additional inch of bearing - 24 t
N _ Length of bearing. in inches, to develop V - (V+G)- k
SHEARING STRESSES. With relatively short spans the allowable loads for beams
and channels may be limited by t he shearing or buckling strength of the web, instead of
by the maximum bending stress allowed in the flanges. T his limit is indic.1ted in the
tables by solid cross lines. Loads .1bove these lines will produce the maximum .111ow-
able shear on the beam webs.
CRIPPLING VALUES OF BEAM WEBS. Beams should be designed so the com-

pression stress in the web at the toe of the fillet. resulting from reactions or concentrated
loads, shall not exceed 24 kips per square inch figured as follows, for webs without
stifTeners:
Maxi mum end reaction - 24t (a+k)

Maximum interior load - 24t (a, +2k)
where t - thickness of web in inches.
k - distance from outer face of flange
to web toe of fillet in inches. ~o+~j __i-t=:.+,~~
a - length of bearing in inches.
a, - length of concentrated load in
inches. f---1
When the above values are exceeded the webs of the beams should be reinforced,
or the length of bearing increased. Lack of proper lateral support for the top flanges
of beams at the reaction point so decreases the crippling strength of the webs as to
render such practice inadmissible.

175
LATERAL DEFLECT ION OF E:EAMS. The a!1owable loads given in the tables are
calculated on the assumption that the compression flanges of the beams are properly
secured against yielding sidewa~'s. When the dist.1nce between lateral sUPlX)rts. I. in
inches. exceeds 15 times the flange width. b. in inches. the tabular allowable loads must
be reduced. (See A. I. S. C. Specification. Part IV. ) A table of allowable unit stresses
and mlios of allowable loads to t..,bular loads is given on (>ages 126 and 176 for li b ratios
up to and including 40.
VERTICAL DEFLECT ION . Tbe deflection of floor beams carrying plastered ceilings
should be limited to not more than 1/ 360 of the sp;ln length. This limit is indicated in
the allowable load tables by the horizontal dotted lines: loads below these lines produce
greater deflection.
In the column at the right of each page of allowable loads are given the deflect ions
for beams of various spans carrying the tabulated allowable loads. These deflections
are based on the nominal depth of beam. The fonowing formula may be used for cal-
culating the maximum deflection of any symmetrical beam or girder uniformly loaded:
5WfS
38-1E I
where ll - deflection in inches, \\' - total uniform load including weight of beam in
JX)unds, and I- span in inches. Fof E - 29.000,OOO pounds per square inch and flexural
stress 2001X1 pounds per square inch the formula reduces to
"' - o=-=020600;=9-,L='
d
where L _ span in feel, and d - depth of beam or girder in inches.
To determine the SI>3n L in feet which will have a deflection of 1/360 of the span
for a beam uniformly loaded and a flange stress of 20 kips per square inch.
L - 1.6111d
STANDARD BEAM CONNECTIONS. Maximum loads are ind icated in the tables
by long horizontal dash lines for Standard ., A" Series Beam Connections a nd by short
horizontal dash lines for Standard "B" Series Connections. Loads above these lines
exceed the capacities of these connections and " H " or .. HH " Series or Special con-
nections must be used.
AMERICAN IN S T I TUTE OF STEEL CO N ST R UCTION

17'
ALLOWABL E STRESSES
PER SQUARE I NCH FOR
BEAMS AND G I RDERS
LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED
r_
1+ '800b2
,
22500
I .. Unl~6d length in inches.
b" Width of nange in inchel.
Tabul atw allowable loads given in Part III mUll be .... duced. for bums laterally "n."ppoMed,
In a"ordance will> the rati"'lIiven below.
, , ,
I"
Un,t Unit Unit
T ,
5\,.,..
[ K I",,)
Ratio
-.- ,
StreM
( KIpS)
R<llio
51._
,
(Kips)
Flalio
.. . .
I
15.0 20.00 1.000 23.5 17.22 .861 32.0 14.34 .717
15.5 19.85 .993 24.0 17.05 .852 32.5 14.18 .709
16.0 19.70 .985 24.5 16.87 .844 33.0 14.02 .701
16.5 19.54 .977 25.0 16.70 .835 33.5 13.86 .693
.17.0 19.39 .96' 25.5 16.53 .826 34.0 13.70 .685
17.5 19.23 .961 26.0 16.36 .818 34.5 13.54 .677
18.0 19.07 .'53 26.5 16.19 .809 35.0 13.39 .66'
18.5 18.91 .945 27.0 16.01 .801 35.5 13.23 .862
19.0 18.74 .937 27.5 15.84 .792 36.0 13.08 .654
19.5 18.58 .'29 28.0 15.67 .784 36.5 12.93 .647
20.0 18.41 .920 28.5 15.50 .775 37.0 12.78 .63'
20.5 18.24 .912 29.0 15.34 .767 37.5 12.63 .632
21.0 18.07 .904 29.5 15.17 .758 380 12.49 .624
21.5 17.90 .895 30.0 15.00 .750 385 12.34 .617
22.0 17.73 .887 30.5 14.83 .742 39.0 12.20 .610
22.5 17.56 .878 31.0 14.67 .733 39.5 12.05 .600
23.0 17.39 .86' 31.5 14.50 .725 40.0 11.91 .596
=l I ......... ..
ALLOWABLE WEB SHEARS
PER SQUARE IN C H
U NST I F FE NED WE BS
FOR
f" ~
&
-,
.L
=J
V _ Total shear in IIIL
.
V
-
A
( 8000
0h ),
t --
A _ Gross area 0/ web in ..... In.
.
", J(K~~) " .1
T
(}PIJ .l ",
V
A
( K i~)
", I
V
A
( Ki~ )
I" I,
T
V
(Ki P*J
T" , V
(Kips)
- - ._-
70 13.00 80 10.00 90 7.90 100 6.40 110 5.29 125 4.10
71 12.70 81 9.76 91 7.73 101 6.27 111 5.19 130 3.79
72 12.35 82 9.52 92 7.56 102 6.15 112 5.10 135 3.51
73 12.0\ 83 9.29 93 7.40 103 '.03 113 5.01 140 3.27
74 11.69 84 9.07 94 7.24 104 5.92 114 4.93 145 3.04
75 11.38 85 8.86 95 7.09 105 5.81 115 4.84 150 2.84
106 5.70
76
77
78
11.08
10.79
10.52
"
87
88
8.65
8.46
8.26
96
97
98
'.94
6.80 107
108
5.59
5.49
117
119
121
4.68
4.52
4.37
155
160
165
2.66
2.50
2.35
'.56
79 10.26 89 8.08 99 '.53 109 , 5.39 123 4.23 170 2.22
AMERICAN INSTITU TE OF STEEL CONST RUCTIO N

177
BEAMS 36
I
\IF SECTIONS
ALLOWABLI! UNIFORM LOADS IN KIPS

FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTED
For beam. Iltlrally unlupporttd U...... ble loads must be reduced.
Nomi ...1 o.pu. and W idth We ight I>Ir Fout

srn" 36)(12
""'-
lion
36 X 16}i
'M' 300 280
~~~=C--~~C7.~~~-o=c--~- ,...
240
--
230 ~ 170 1!j94
160 150
- 612 - 582 - - -
12 730 684 64{) --rJUl ~ .08
13 ~~~ 555 516 .10
14 632 592 552 515 479 .11
15
16 902 840
----
796
793
766
760
---
740
728
-696
-
714 590
553
552
518
515
453
481
451
447
419
.13
.15
17 "8G7"'"'1'i09"" 746 715 685 655 521 487 454 424 394 .17
18 819 764 705 675 647 619 492 460 429 401 373 .19
19 776 724 668 540 613 586 466 436 406 380 -3~r .21
20 737 688 634 608 582 557 442 414 386 _~1_ 335 .23
21 m m ~ ~ ~ ~I m _ ~ _ m. _
22 670 625 577 Sf)3 530 506 402 377 -3"3",- 328 305 .28
23 ~I ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ _ ~ 31. m ~
2' 614 sn 528 507 485 464 369 - 345- 322 301 279 .33
25 589 550 507 486 466 446 -j;4 331 309 289 _ ~_ .36
26 567 529 488 468 448 428 340 319 297 277 258 .39
27 546 509 470 450 431 413 328 307 286 267 248 .42
28 m ~ m _ "6 ~ m6 ~ ~-~-~ M
29 508 474 437402 I 384
I 388 419 ___ -2~5-7 .1 22.'.9
305 _ 286 231 .48
30 491 458 423 405
_32.'_ 295 276 224 .52
...36 433
32 ~ =
404
~ _ ~ =
373 - j58 -34,] 328 - i60 - 244 227
~ =
212
~ ~I ~.
197
-.66
409 382 - j5i""" 338 324 310 246 230 215 200 186 .75
38 ~ ~ m = m m
~ m ~8 I~ In ~
.
40 _ 3!8_ - jOk-
.2
46
48
351
335
320
307
317
327
313
299
287
304
302
288
291
290
276
276 - 264 -
-$4 - 253
279 221 207
2n
-'265-1
253
193
265
-25.1"
242
243
-
180
232
211
201
192
184
197
188
180
173
184
176
168
161
In
164
157
150
168
160
152
146
140
.92
1.01
1.11
1.22
1.32
50 295 275 254 243 233 223 In 166 154 144 134 1.44
52 283 264 244 234 224 214 170 159 149 139 129 1.55
54 273 255 235 225 216 206 164 153 113 134 121 1.68
-W,1- 246 227 217 208 199 158 148 138 129 120 1.80
"
58
60
254 237 219 210 201 .. Hr.\.. 153 143 133 124
..246 .. .. '229 .. ''''2T1'''' "'203'" '"T9'(''' 186 ....; ..W~ .. "'1'38'" ""i"2{j'" "T20'"
"'Hs'" 1.93
112 2.07
62 238 m 205 196 188 180 143 134 125 116 108 2.21
~ 230 2 15 198 190 182 174 138 129 121 113 105 2.35
66 223 208 192 184 In 169 134 126 117 109 102 2.50
68 217 202 187 179 171 164 130 122 114 106 99 2.66
7. 211 196 181 174 166 159 126 118 110 IOJ 96 2.82
72 , 205 191 176 169 162 155 123 115 107 100 93 _ 2_.98
_
PROPERTIES A ND REACTION VALUES
Sin" '1105.1 "IOJI.2
V kips 451 420
951.1
398
911 .7
383
873.6 835.5
370 357
663.6
365
621.2
342
579.\
320
541.0
306
502_9~
291
80 _...
R kips 143 132 123 117 113 1 108 104 97 89 84
G kips 22.7 21 .2 20.3 19.6 19.0 18.4 18.5 17.4 16.3 15.7 15.0 114-t7ll
N in. 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.6 17.6 17.7 17.6 17.6
AMI!:RICAN IN STITUT OF STL CONSTRUCTION
178
33 BEAMS
w
I SECTIO~IS
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS IN KIPS

FOR BEAMS LATERA LLY SUPPORTED
For beam. laterany Unlul/pOrted, allowable load , . nuU b e reduced, Sftc paae 176.
NOI'I1In.1 Depth and Width Wei,lhl per Foot
"''00'"
m
"
33 X 15U 33xllJ.i "'"-
tion
,""-
240 2'20
1
210 I
---, 200 , 152 141 132 125
"
490
11 554 524 500 467 .08
12
----
540 496 460 428 .09
13 499 458 424 395 .11
14 724 670 644 614 463 426 394 .12
432
I 367
15
16
721
676
658
617
626
587
595
558 405
397
372
368
345
---
342
321
.14
"16
17 636 581 553 525 382 350 325 302 .18
18 601 54' 522 496 360 331 -306- 285 .20
19 56' 520 494 470 341 -m- 290 270 .23
541 494 470 446
20 - 324
- - - 296 276 257 .25
21 515 470 447 425 309 284 263 245 .28
22 492 44' 427 406 295 271 251 -'233-- "30
23 470 429 408 388 282 259 240 223 "33
24. -230-- 214
24
25
451
433
1
412
395 376
361 39'j
372
357
343
270
259
249
--:i3S- 221 205 .39
.36
26 416 380 229 212 19. A2

27 401 366 348 _ 331 ---J __24Q.. __ 221 204 190 A6
28 386 353 335 319 232 213 197 183 .49
29 373 341 -j24 308 224 205 190 177 .53
30 361
_3~_ 313 296 216 199 184 171 "56
32 338 309 294 203 186 172 161
34
36
- m-
300
291
274
276
261
27'
263
248
191
180
175
166
162
153
151
143
""
"73
"81
38 285 260 247 --235- 171 157 145 135 "91
40 270 247 -235-- 223 162 149 13. 12. LOO
---
42 258 235 224 213 154 142 131 122 1.11
44 246 224 213 203 147 135 125 117 1.21
46 --235- 215 204 194 141 130 120 112 1.33
48 225 206 196 186 135 124 115 107 1.45
50
52
54
216
208
19'
......190
"""'i')"
188
174"
179
165
130
125
;'63 ..... .... 181 .. " ..... 172 ." T2O 115 "' 110
106
103
99
.. iTO "" T02 . .....91).....
1.57
1.70
L83
56 193 176 168 159 116 106 99 92 1.97
58 187 170 162 154 11 2 103 95 89 2.11
60 180 165 157 14' 108 99 92 86 2"26
62 175 159 152 144 105 96 89 83 2.41
64 169 154 147 140 101 93 86 80 2.57
66 164 150 142 135 98 90 84 78 2.73
68 159 145 138 131 95 , 88 81 76 2.90
PROPERTIES A ND REACTION VALUES
S in.s 811.1 740.6 704.4 669.6 486.4 446.8 41 3.7 385.1
on
V
A
kips
kips
362
11.
335
108
322
103
307
98 82
262
76
250
72
245
70 .....
'""
G
N
kips
in.
19.9
15.7
18.6
15.7
AMERICAN
18.0
15.7
17.2
15.7 I 15.2
16.3
INSTITUTE OF S T EEL. CON S TRUCTION
14.5
16.3
13.9
16.3
13.7
16.2
174-175
179
BEAMS 30
V>F SECTI ONS
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS IN K I PS

I
Fo~ beama tatarally unluppOrtld, .110 .... bl. load. m"lt be .-.duud.
....'" Nom. ... t Dept .. and Width - Weight I*' Fool
30 X 15 30)( IOI~
'N' 210 200 190 180 132 124 116 108
440 424
10
464 458
---:w- """'399 .07
11 ~----m- 397 363 .08

12 422 394 384 332 .10
~ I-~-
13 389 364 .12
14 362 338 .14
338 315 _292_ 266 .16
"
16 542 515 488 463 440 .18
17 510 464 460 435 414 .20
<8 481 458 434 411 391 .22
19 456 433 411 390 371 .2'
20 433 412 391 370 352 .28
21 413 392 372 353 335 .30
22 394 374 355 337 320 .33
23 377 358 340 322 306 .37
24 361 343 326 309 294 .40
25 347 32S 313 296 - :!82l .43
26
27
333
321
317
305
301
289
I
294 - 2'"7b-
285
274
264
271
261
252
195
188
182
175
168
162
153
148
.47
.50
28 310 181 169 156 143 .54
29 299 - 24- 270 255 243 175 163 151 138 .58
30 289 275 261 247 235 169 158 146 133 .62
32 271 257 244 231 220 158 148 137 125 .71
34 255 242 230 218 -207- 149 139 129 117 .80
36 241 229 217
217 -2I)G"-
1--2f)G'"- 196 141 131 122 111 .89
38 228 195 185 133 124 115 105 1.00
40 __21r_ - -2M- 195 185 176 127 1<8 109 100 1. 10
42 206 196 186 176 168 121 113 104 95 1.22
44 197 187 178 168 160 115 107 99 91 1.34
46 188 179 170 161 153 110 103 95 87 1.46
48 181 In 163 154 147 106 99 91 83 1.59
50 ""'r7~r" .. ;6~ .. "'T~"" .. ..;'48 .. .... i'i'f.. .. ;01 .... .. .. 95.... ...... 8...... ..so .. 1.72
52 167 158 150 142 135 97 91 84 77 1.87
54 161 153 145 137 130 94 88 81 74 2.01
56
58
155
149
147
142
I 140
135
132
128
126
121
90
87
84
82
78
75
71
69
2.16
2.32
60 144 137 130 123 117 84 79 73 67 2.48
62._"---,'",40 133 126 119 114 82 76 71 64 2.65
PROPERTIES AND REACT I ON VALUE.S",=~~
I
S in,-
V kips
R kips
649.9
306
108
617.6
291
1~
586.1
278
D
555.2
261
91
528.2
254
~
379.7
242
n
354.6
229
n
327.9
220
~
2992
212
66
...
I~
G kips 18.6 17.8 17.0 16.1 15.7 14.8 14.0 13.5 13.2
N In. 14.2 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7
A M ERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTFlUCTtON
180
27 BEAMS
I Vi'" S ECTI ONS

ALLOW AB L E UN I F OR M LOAOS IN KIPS
FOR BE A M S L A T E R A LLY S UPPO RTED
For beam. laterally " '''''I>ported. allowable load s must be red uced. See page 176.
s,."
'"
,~
177 I 163
27 X 14
N om ina! Depth and W idth
154 145 114

404
W eight per Fool
106
27 X 10
- 352
378
98 1~91
338
,-
Doflection
10 399 370 340 311 .OS

11 363 336 309 283 .09
12 51 4 472 446 420 332 30S 284 25' .11
13 505 465 439 413 307 294 262 239 .13
14 469 431 407 384 285 -,4' - -222 -
264 .15
15 438 403 380 358 266 - ~4-; - 227 207 .17
- - --
16 411 377 357 336 249 231 213 194 .20
17 387 355 336 316 235 217 200 - lBJ- .22
18 365 336 317 298 m 205 189
-1"79- -
173 .25
19 346 318 300 283 210 195 164 .28
20 329 302 285 269 200 - -'85- - 170 156 .31
21 313 288 272
- - - - -- ,- -
256 190 176 162 148 .34
;~ ~ 7~
22 299 275 259 168 155 141 .37
23
24
286
274 - 252 -
2ti3 -248 -
238 224 166
I
161
154
148
142
135 .41
130 .44
25 263 242 228 215 160 148 136 124 .48
26 253 232 219 207 153 142 131 120 .52
27 - 243 - 224 211 199 148 137 126 11 5 .56
28 235 216 204 192 143 132 122 111 .60
29 227 208 197 - -' 85-- 138 128 117 107 .64
30 219 201 _ J ~_ . 179 133 123 114 104 .69
31 212 195 119 11 0 100 .74
32
33
205 189
199 - 1 33-- 173
184
178
173
168
163
'"
125
121
116
112
106
103
97
94
.79
.83
34 193 178 168 158 11 7 109 100 92 .89
35 188 114 .94
3.
-- --183
173
168
163
159
154
149 111
106
103
97
95
89
86 .99
37 178 163 154 145 lOS 100 92 84 1.05
38 173 159 150 141 105 97 90 82 1.1 1
39 169 155 146 138 102 95 87 80 1.17
40 164 151 143 134 100 92 85 78 1.23
42 157 144 ..... 136 128 ..... .... 95 .............
88 81 74 1.35
T3iy.. TZ;i ...... '7:( .... .... 'ir .. ..
44 149 1i? "9T" 1.48
46 H "j" 131 124 117 87 80 74 68 1.62
48 126 1\2 83 77 65 1.77
50
52
137
131 121
116
"'
11 4
110
lOB
103
80
77
74
71
71
68
66
62
60
1.92
2.07
54
56
''''
122
11 7
112
lOB
106
102
100
96
74
71
68
66
63
61
58
56 I
2.24
2.40
PR O P E RTI E S ANO RE ACTI O N VA LUES
---
S in.1 492.8 452.9 427.8 402.9 299.2 277.2 2~.3 233.2
V kips 257 23' 223 210 202 189 176 169
R kips 98 89 94 78 70 65 60 57 ""
'~N
11+ 176
G kips 17.4 16.1 15.2 14.4 13.7 12.8 12.0 11.6
N in. 12.7 12.6 12.6 12.6 13.1 13. 1 13. 1 13.1
AMER IC AN INST ITU T E OF" STEEL CO N S TRUC TI O N
181
BEAMS 24
I
V1F SECTIONS
ALLOWAB L E UN I FORM LOAOS IN KIPS

..
For beam. laterally "n . uPJ>Orted. a llow able load. must be reduced. See page 176.
Nomi.... ' Depth and Width Wa.ght per Foot

" "'"~
"00
'"'"'
24 X 14 24)( 12 24)( 9
- InchoN
140 130 120 87
1 '~
--- ~I ~ 94 80
284 -I"
74
266 --
9 326 302 ~~ .07
10 """"'29'5'" 272 2<, 227 .09
11 352 320 292 268 248 225 207 .10
12 402 378 356 3l23Or 2'!'l 245 227 206 189 .12
13 42'2 ~""368 ""339 307 281 255 2'27 210 191 - '75 .15
14 394 367 342 315 285 261 237 -210- -'9r - '77- 162 .17
15 368 343 319 294 266 244 2'21 196 182 165 - f5~- .19
16 345 321 299 276 249 229 207 184 170 155 142 .2'2
17 324 302 281 259 235 215 -195- 173 160 146 134 .25
18 306 286 266 245 2'22 -Wr 184 164 151 138 126
19 290 271 252 232 -210- 193 175
--
155
-
143 130 120
.28
.31
20 276
263 245
257 239
---
2'21
210
199
190
183 166
---- 147 136 124
"' .35
21 22' 17' 158 140 130 .38
22
23
251
240 2'2'
217
23' - ;os- 200
192
181
173 - - --
166
159
151
144
134
12'
12'
118
"'
113
108
108
103
99
.42
.46
24 230 -21.r 199 184 166 153 138 123 103
25 2'21 206 191 176 .. -160.. 146 133 118 "'
109 99
95
91
.50
.54
26 -2~2-1 198 184 170 153 141 128 113 105 95 87 .58
27 204 190 177 163 148 136 123 109 101 92 84 .63
28
29
197
190
184
177
171
165
-'58
152
142
138
131
126
119 105
102
97
94
89
85
81
78
.68
.73
30 184 171 159
-- -- 147 133 122 "'
111 98 91 83 76 .78
31 178 166 154 142 129 107 95 88 80 73 .83
32
33
172
167
161
-T~-
149
145
138
134
125
121
"'
"'
111
104
101
92
89
85
83
77
75
71
69
.88
.94
34 162 151 141 130 117 108 98 87 80 73 67 1.00
1S8 - 147 137 126 105 84 78 71 1.06
35
36 153 143 133 123
"'
111 102
95
92 82 76 69
65
63 1.12
37 149 139 129 119 108 99 90 80 74 67 61 1.18
38 145 135 126 116 105 96 87 78 .....?? .. .....~~....:, .....~.- 1.25
141 132 .. 9'4.... S!{
39 ... 123 113 102
iTo rHiij"
76
74
70 B4 58 1.31
40 "'T3S'" "'i":Hf" 120'" 92 83 68 62 57 1.38
42 131 12'2 105 59 54 1.52
44
46
125
120
117
112
"'
109
104
100
96
95
91
87
87
83
80
79
75
72
70
67
B4
65
62
59
56
54
52
49
1.67
1.82
48 115 107 100 92 83 76 69 61 57 52 47 1.99
~ 110 103 96 88 80 73 66 59 55 , 50 45 2.16
PROPERTIES AND REAC TI ON VALUES
--
--
S in .a 1 413.5 385.5 358.6 330.7 299.1 214.4 ' 248.9 2'20.9 204.3 185.8 170.4
V kips 211
A kips
G kips
87
15.7
201
81
15.1
189
76
14.3
178
71
13.6 I
176
69
13.3
160
63
146
57
12.2
163
61
151
56
11.2 12.4 11.5
142
53
10.9
133
49
10.3
-Q'"
\74-175
N in. 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.5 11.5 11.4 11.7 1 11.7 11.7 11.7
A M f.:RICAN IN S TITUTf.: OF STEf.:L CONSTR UCTIO N
182
21 BEA M S
I
1/IF SECT IONS
A LL O W ABLE U N I FOR M LOA D S IN KI PS

FO R BEA M S LATER AL LY SUPPOR T ED
For Mam, IAtora ll y u " , .. pPOrted, allow .. ble I.... d. mUl t b, reduced. 8M pIg. 17e.
100 _
21 )( 13 21 )(9 21 )(8 11 .!:..
1<2 132 122 112 103 96 89 I~~ I 68 _I 63 5~ _ _
236 224 212
8 ~ 316 294 270 252 -m- 2iT""""i99 .06
9 I :!!~ , ""293271249~ 207 190 177 .08
10 284 264 244 224 201 187 171 159 .10
11
12
I 3:
3
340 312 'I ~
328""3M"'"1 ~~~
258
237
240
220
m
203
204
167
183
167
170
155
155 145
-1~rl-d3-
.12
.14
13 325 302 280 256 219 203 188 -172- -' ~- -f44- 131 122 .17
14 302 261 260 238 203 188 - 11'4- 160 144 133 - 1-22-t1 4~ .19
15 282 262 242 222 f-l!9_ - '76- 163 149 L !.~ _ 124- 1'4 106 22
16 264 2<6 227 208 178 165 152 140 126 117 107 99 .25
17 249 231 214 196 167 155 143 i32 - 118 110 100 94 .29
18 235 218 202 185 158 146 135 124 112 104 95 88 .32
19 223 207 191 -'75 150 139 - '28 - 118 106 98 90 84 .36
20 212 197 182 166 142 - r3~ - 122 112 101 93 85 80 .39
21 201 187 159 135 126 81
22 192 - '79-
173
165 151 129 - 120
116
111
107
102
96
91 '"
85 78
76
72
.43
.48
23
24
25
1-1&4
I "6-
169
171
164
157
158
151
145
145
139
133
124
118
114
115
110
105
106
102
98
97
93
90
87
84
80
81
78
75
74
71
68
69
66
54
."
.57
.62
163 151 .67
26
27 157 146
140
135
128
- 123
109
105
94
90
66
83 "
74
72
69
66
63
61
59 72
28
29
151
146
140
136
,. ijQ
125
-r31 - 121
119
115
102
98
87
84
80
T7
72
69
67
54
61
59
57
55 ."
.83
30 141 111 95 81 75 67 62 57 53 .89
31 136 127 117
32 f32' - 123 1 " '
33 128 119 110
34 12-i 116 107
35 -'niT" -" f"i2"' "T64"
47 44 1.28
46 43 1.35
45 42 1.42
44 41 1.50
43 40 1.58
.2 39 1.66
...
41
39
38
37
36
1.74
1.82
1.91
5 in) 317.2 294.8 2n.5 249.6 213.1 197.6 182.8 168.0 150.7 139.9 128.0 119.3 ' - -
V kips 184 170 156 144 168 158 147 135 126 118 112 106 ..
R kips 85 T7 71 65 75 70 65 59 53 49 .. 43 ~~
G kips 15.8 1 '4.7 13.6 12.7 14.6 13.8 12.9 12.0 10.9 10.3 9.8 9.4 175
N in. 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2
AMERICAN INSTITUTE; 0 .. STEEL CONSTRUCTI O N
'83
BEAMS 18
'IF SEC TIONS
ALLOWABL.E UNIFORM LOADS IN K I PS

FOR BEAMS LATERA L LY SUPPORTED
I
For beams laterally unaupported, allowable Inad a mu s t be .... duced. Sea ~lIe 176.
"'"
in
Feet 124 114
18x't ~
105
Noml~1
96
Depth and Width Weight per Foot
85 77
18x8~
70 64 ~ 55
18x7.!4
50 - 47
...
O'"~
,lion
,
~ 9
10 316 286 264
~- I~
242
250
231
208
210
189
206
190
171
~l :::
173
156
146
131
: : .: ;
132
119
122
110
..,
.06
.09
.12
11 290 267 245 224 189 172 155 142 119 108 100 .14
12 266 245 225 205 173 157 142 130 109 - '99- - r .17
13 245 226 207 189 160 145 132 120 - jor 91 84 .19
14 228 210 193 176 149 135 -'22- -111-1- -94- - -8'5 - 78 .23
15 212 196 180 164 - '39- -'26- 114 104 87 79 73 .26
'6 199 82 74 69 .29

17 187 n 70 65 .33
18 177 73 66 61 37
19 168 69 63 58 .42
20 159 66 59 55 .46
21 152 140 128 117 62 57 52 .51

22 145 133 123 112 60 54 50 .56
23 - '39- 128 117 107 57 52 48 .61
24 133 122 112 - foj - 55 49 46 .66
25 128 117 108 98 52 48 44 .72
26 123 113 104 95 80 73 66 60 50 46 42 .78

118 109 100 91 77 49 44 41
"
28
29
114
110
-'0"5-
101
96
93
88
85
74
72
70
68
65
63
61
59
58
56 ..
54
47
45
42
4\
39
38
.84
.90
.97
30 _ t~ _ 911' .. 90'.. ....82.. 69... 6j"M 52 .... '44" 40 37 1.03
31 103 95 87 79 67 61 55 50 42 38 35 1.11
32 100 92 84 77 65 59 53 49 41 37 34 1.18
33 97 89 82 75 63 57 52 47 40 36 33 1.25
34
35
94
91
86
84
79
77
72
70
61
60
56
54
50
49
4'45 39
37
35
34
32
31
1.33
1.41
36 89 82 75 88 58 53 48 43 36 33 31 1.49
37 86 79 73 67 56 51 46 42 35 32 30 1.57
38 84 77 71 65 55 50 45 41 35 31 29 1.66
PROPERTI ES AN D REACTION VAL.UES

S in.1 239.0 220.1 202.2 184.4 ' 156.1 141.7 128.2 117.0 98.2 89.0 82.3
V kips 158 143 132 121 125 112 103 94 92 84 81
R kips 82 74 68 62 63 56 51 46 43 39 38 '"
Pif+
9.7 9.4 8.6 8.4
G kips 15.6
N in. 8.4
14.3
8.3
13.3
8.3
12.3
8.3
12.6
8.4
11.4
8.5
10.5
8.4 8.4 8.7 8.7 8.7 '"
AMERtCA N I NST ITU T E OF S T EEL CO N S TR UCT IO N
184
16 BEAMS
I
'IF SECTIONS
A LL OWABLE UNIFORM LOADS IN KIPS

For beam a laterally un' ''I>!>Orted , allowable load . mu at be redu ced, Su .... ue 176.
Nom",.. 1 Deptk and Width WeiOht per Foot
"''""
I Duflec-
,~.
16 X 1I !1 16 ~ 8 ~ 16 X 7 bOIl
~~ ~ . 105 I 96 88 78 71 64 58 ~~
50 45 40 36 ''''''"
,
7 ~I ~ ~~
160
~~~~~~
154
146
138
128
123 - 124
107 .06
213
9 274
~~~~~~
250 228 ~~
212
'93
189 172 154 '"
139
'74 135
120
121
'07
107
95
---
94
83
.08
.11
10 263 242 222 170 155 139 126 108 97 .13
202
- - - --- --- 86 75
--- -
11 239 220 201 155 141 126 114

12 219 202 185
'83
168 142 129 116 '" - ---
-iOs-i--ro- 80
- - --
72
88 78 68
63
.16
.19
13 203 186 170 155 131 119 107 --97-1 83 74 66 58 .22
14 188 173 158 144 122 110
- --- 99 90 77 69 6' 54 .25
15 176 162 . --- 148 135 114 103 93 84 72 64
" 50 .29
165 151 138 126 107
'6
17 155 ---
143 130 119
--100-- 97 87
82
78 67
63
60 54 47
44
.33
18
19
146
---
139
135
128
123
117
- 112
- -- 95
106
91
'6 77
74
70 60 "
54
51
48 42
.37
.42
81 .47
20 132 121 111
- --- 101
90
85 77
73
70
66
63 "
54
51
48
45
43
40
38 .52
21
22
125
120
115
110
106 96 81 74 66 60 51 46
44
41 36
."
23
24
114
110
---
105
101
101
96
92
92
88
84
78
74
71
70
67
64
63
60
58
55
52
" 49
47
45
42
40
37
36
39
33
31
34
.75
.63
.68
25 105 97 89 81 68 62 . ......... 50
56 ........... 43 .. ........
39 ...............
34 ......... .81
30
26 101 ............
........... 85 .............
93 ............ 78 66 .....59..... 53 48 ...........
41 37 33 29 .87
27 63 36 32 28 .94
28
29
'"94
91
90
87
84
82
79
76
75
72
70
61
59
"
55
53
52
50
48
47
45
43
40
38
37
35
33
31
30
27
26
1.01
1.09
30 67 46 36 32 29
31 85
88
78
81 74
71 65
"
55
52
50 45
42
41 35 31 28 24
25 1.16
1.24
32 82 76 69 63 53 48 43 39 34 30 27 24 1.32
33 SO 73 67 61 52 47 42 38 33 29 26 23 1.41
34 77 71 65 59 50 46 41 37 32 28 25 22 1.50
~~
PROPERTIES AND REACTION VALUES
-
Sin.' 197.4 181.7 166.1 151.3 127.8 115.9 104.2 94.1 SO.7 72.4 64.4 56.3
V kips 137 125 11. 106 112 102 92 84 SO 73 64 62
R kips SO 61 46 42 38 33 32 ,'",.
G kips
N in.
73
15.1
7.3
66
14.0
7.2
64
12.8
7.2
12.1
7.3
12.7
7.3
"7.4 "7.4
11.7 10.6
9"7.31 9.1
7.7
8.3
7.7
7.'
7.7
7.2
7.6
,~
AMEAICA.N INSTITUTI;: OF STEEL CON S TRU C TION

185
BEAMS 14
'IF SECTIONS
ALLOWABLE UNI,..ORM LOADS IN KIPS

I
For bum . laterally un . llpportl'd. " lIowable lo"d. mun be reduced. $. . page 17f1.
No,",n.' Depth and Wldtll We,ght pOI' Foot

Span
"1~
4 ~'~'~4OCJ>;-
,-,
'" 119 111 103
-
95 87 64
14)( 12
78 74
14 ,II;
68
10
61
10 ~ ~~
---------
166
150
152
137
136
123 .15
11 2 14 164 170 159 147 136 125 112 .1.

2iO 1'96" 182 """'i"67"" "2 125 114 .21
12
1:1 194 181 ---
168 155 142
145
134
.35
124 11 5 .06
102
95 .25
1'1 180 168 156 143 132 125 115 107 98 88 .29
m 168 157 145 134 123 116 108 .00 92 .2 .33
Hi
". ."
17
158
.40
147
138
13 1
136
128
121
126
11.
112
...
11 5
102
109
103
97
'~ I
90
94
88
83
.,
86
76
77
72
68
.38
.43
.48
19 . 33 124 115 106 97 92 85 79 72 65 .53
20 ' 26 11. 109 100 92 7 75 69 62 .59
~ ~
21 120 112 104 96 88 .65
7,! 11 5 107 99 9. 84 ......; ......... .........;;....1...... ; .... .72
2~1 110 102 95 .7 80 76 70 65 60 53 .7.
2' 105 98 91 64 73 67 62 57 51 .85
2~i 10\ 94 .7 80
77
74
1 70 65 60 55 49 .92
26
27
97
94
90
.7 .,7.
64 77
74
71
68
67
65
62
60
58
56
53
51
47
46
1.00
1.08
2U
2'J
30
90
87
64
.,7.
64
75
73
72
69
67
66
64
61
62
60
58
58
56
54
54
52
50
49
47
4G

42
41
1.1 6
1.24
1.33
PR O PERTI ES AND REACTION VA LUES

-S - ---
in,-
V kips
189.4
107
176.3
10.
163.6
92
150.6
85
138.1
76
130.9
83
121.1
7.
112.3
.3
103.0
76
92.2
68 ...
.....
,,. 7
R k ips
G kips
N in.
69
13.7
6.3
65
13.0
6.3
59
11.9
6.3
55
11.2
6.3
49
10.1
6.3
53
10.8
6.3
49
10.3
6.3
53
10.8
6.3
:.0 I6.3
43
9.1
6.3 '"
AMER IC AN INS TITUTE: 01" S TEEL CONSTRUCTION
186
14 BEAMS
w
I A LLOWAB L E UNIFOR M
SECTIONS
FO R BEA MS LATE R ALL Y SUPPORTED

LOAOS ON K I PS
For beam. laterally unsuppOrted, allowable load. m".t be redu",d. See page 176.
-
Nomin.1 Depth and Widlh We;uhl per FDOt
"',""" -
,~
,. 53
14 ~ 8
48 43 42
14 X 6~
38 I 34
-- 30
,-.
o..n""lion
--
98
6 126 116 104 93 .05
7 148 134 122 110 116 104 92 80 .07
8 142 130 117 105 101 91 81 70 .10
9 126 115 104 93 90 81 72 62 .12
10 113 104 94 84 81 73 65
- --
56
- .15
----
ll~
59
11
12
103
94
94
86
85
78
76
70
66
----
61 54
- -46
51
- -- .18
.21
-- - - -
13 87 80 72 64 56 50 43 .25
14
15
81
76
74
69
67
62 ,.
60
54
52
49
46
43
40
37
.29
.33
16 71 65 59 52 51 46 40 35 .38
17
18
67
63 ,.
61 55
52
49
46
48
45
43
40
38
36
33
31
.43
.48
19 60 55 49 44 43 38 34 29 .53
20 57 52 47 42 41 36 32 28 .59
21 54 49 45 40 39 35 31 27 .65
22 47 .... .................
52 ... ............
............. 43 .. .............
38 37 ... .. .............
............ 33 25
29 ........ .............
... ...... .72
23 49 45 41 36 35 32 28 24 .78
24 47 43 39 35 34 30 27 23 .85
25 45 42 37 33 32 29 26 22 .92
26 44 40 36 32 31 28 25 21 100
27 42 38 35 31 30 27 24 21 lOB
28 41 37 33 30 29 26 23 19.9 1.16
29 39 36 32 29 28 25 22 19.2 1.24
30 38 35 31 28 27 24 22 18.6 1.33
-
S in.S 85.0 77.8 70.2 62.7 60.7 54.6 48.5 41.8
V kips 74 67 61 55 63 58 52 49
A kips
G kips
47
9.7
42
8.9
3B
8.1
34
7.4
37
8.1
34
7.5
31
6.9
28
6.'
'"
174_175
N in. 6.3 6.3

A M E/lICAN
6.3 I 6.3 6.7
I NST I T UTE OF STEEL CON S TRUCTION
6.7 6.6 6.6
187
BEAMS 12
IN' SECTIONS
ALLOWABLE U NI FORM LOADS I N KIPS

FOR BEAMS LATERALLV SUPPOR TED
I
For ~m. 'a terally unsupported. allowabl, Io.d, ",u. t boo red"c.d. iSH p"oe 176.
Nominal Depth and Width W..,ghl jMI' FOOl
'""
'" 12 J( 12 12 J( 10 Deflection
Inch"
'"' 85 79 72 65 64 58 53
130 108
9 160 15' 138 122 127 11. 105 .14
10
'" 143 130 117 11. 104 ... .17
11 140 130 118 107 104 95 86 .21
..
12 129 119 108 98 95 87 79 .25
13 119 110 100 90 88 80 73 .29
14 110 102 67
15 103 95
93
87 78
82
76 "
69 63
.34
.39
16
17
96
91
89
84
81
n
73
69
72
67
65
61
50
56
..
.50
18 86 79 72 65 64 58 52 .56
19 81 75 .. .. .................................
.............. 68 52 60
.. ................ ................
55 50
.................. .62
m n
.................. 65 59 .69
71
" 52
"
.,"43
21 62
"70 68 56
"5' 50 .76
22
...
23 67
64
65
62
60
59
""
53
51
.9 ..
50 "43
" 39
.83
.91
.99
1.08
5 62
" 52 47 46
" 38
-- PROPERTIES AN D REACTION VALUES
Sin.'
V kips
A kips
G kips
115.7
80
58
11.9
107.1
76
"11.3
97.5
69
9
10.3
5..
..
88.0
61
9.'
85.8
65
"59.7..
781
.,
57
8.S
5..
70.7
"
39
8.3
5.3
~
......
17""13
N in . 5" 5.4 5.'

AMERICAN IN S TITUTE 0 .. 5T'I!:EL CONSTRUCTION
188
12 BEAMS
w
I ALLOWABLE U N I FORM LOADS 'N K IPS
SEC T IONS
For beam. laterally un s"l>ported, allowable load . m". t be reduced. See lOa". 176.
"""'M'," 50
12 X 8
45
Nomin31 Depth and Width Weight per Foot
.
,
40
--
36
12 X GJ1
32 28 25
-
,-
DerJection
6
I 74
I
98 86 74 69 .06
7 118 106 92 68 59 .08
87 78
---
-~--:-
8 108 97 87 59 52 .11
9 96 86 77 53 46 .14
10 86 76 69 61- 54 ------- .17
----- - ----
48 41
11 76 63 56
12 72
71
65 58
-----
51
49
45
43
40
38
34
.21
.25
13 66 60 53 47 42 37 32 .29
14 62
15 58
55
52
49
46 ""
41
39
36
34
32
29
28
.34
.39
16 54 49 43 38 34 30 26 A4
17 51 46 41 36 32 28 24 .50
18 48 43 38 34 30 26 23 .56
19 45 41 36 32
.... ..... ........ .... .......... ... . .......... ..... ., ............ .... .... 29......... .....25 ....
...... . ......22........ .62
2Q 43 39 35 31 27 24 21 .69
21 41 37 33 29 26 23 19.6 .76
22 39 35 32 28 25 22 18.7 .83
23 38 34 30 27 24 21 17.9 .91
24 36 32 29 26 23 19.8 17.2 .99
25 35 31 28 25 22 19.0 16.5 1.08
PROPERTIES
- -
AND REACTION VALUES
S in,l 64.7 58.2 51.9 45.9 40.7 35.6 30.9
V kips 59 53 46 49 43 37 37
R kips
G kips
42
8.9
38
8.1
33
7.1
33
7.3
29
6.6
25
5.8
25
5.8
'"
1~5
N in. M 5A 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7
A M E Ri CA .... I N STIT\JTIi: OF STEEL. CO N STRUCTION
189
BEAMS 10
we SECTIONS

I
10 x 10 10 x 8 _ _' lOx~U
GO GO 54 49 45 41 37 ' 33 29 26 23 21
---1--
5 76 . 62
62
.05
,
6
12'
_92_ :: ;: ;; ~~J~~~-~-~--::--~:
I. ---- --
6 123 110 00 88 82 74 67 58 51 46 40 36 .13
9 109 99 90 81 73 66 59 52 46 41 36 32 .17
96 90 81 73 GO 59 53 47 41 37 32 29 .21
11 69 61 73 66 00 54 48 42 37 34 29 26 .25
12 62 75 6' 61 55 49 44 3' 34 31 27 24 .30
13
14
15
,.
76
66
69
64
60
62
56
54
56
52
49
50
47
44 ..
46
42
41
36
36
36
33
31
32
29
27
26
26
25
25
23
21
22
21
19.1
.35
.41
.47
16
17
18
19
20
61
58
"
52
49
56
53
50
47
45
50
47
45
42
4.
..
46
43
36
36
41
39
36
35
33
37
35
33
31
30
33
31
30
26
27
29
26
26
25
23
26
24
23
22
21
23
22
20
19.4
18.4
20
18.9
17.9
16.9
16.1
17.9
16.9
15.9
15.1
14.3
.53
.60
.67
.75
.83
21 47 43 36 35 31 26 25 22 19.6 17.5 15.3 13.7 .91
-
PROPERT I ES AND REACTION VALUES
.
"'"1'37
V kips 62
A kips 52
G kiPSj 'I.0
N in. 4.4
1 67.1
55
47
10.0
4.4
60.4
46
41
6.8
4.4
AMERICAN
54.6
44
37
6.2
4.4
49.1
4G
3'
6.4
4.4
44.5
43
36
7.'
4.4
39.9
3'
33
7.3
4.4
35.
37
31
7 .
4.3
30.6
36
30
I NSTI T UTI; 0'" STEEL CONSTRUCT I O N

6.'
4.7
27.6
34
27
6.2
4.7
24.1
31
25
5.8
4.7
21.5
31
24
5.6
4.7
-...
,,~
'"
190
8 BEAMS
I ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS 'N KIPS

FOR BEAMS LATERAL LY SUPPORTED
'IF S ECTIONS
For beam. latera lly uns upported, allowable loads mUlt be ~ duced, See palle 176.
--- Nominal Deh a<!d Width Weiaht per " ....\
S\,&n o..nectjoo
8, 8 8x6J.1i 8x5J.(
'"
'a' '''''a
35 . 33 31 27 I 24 21 , 19 17
48
4
5 58 50 - - 411-
54
.,
52 - -47- -
38
.04
.07
6 66 62 60 52 46 40 36 31 .09
7 59 56 52 45 40 34 31 27 .13
8 52 49 46 39 35 30 27 24 .17
9 46 43 41 35 31 27 24 21 .21
10 42 39 37 31 28 24 21 18.8 .26
11 38 36 33 28 25 22 19.4 17.1 .31

12 35 33 ,
.... " ......... .. " ....30" ,.. " ....., ..... ", ...., .... "23.........
26 20 17.8 15.7
.... ,..... ", ...
.37
13 ", ,
32 , ...
.. ...... 30 28 24 21 ..... 18,5
" .... ..... ....16.4.... ,.
" " ",
14.5 .44
14 30 28 26 22 19.8 17,\ 15.2 13.4 .51
15 28 26 24 21 18.5 16,0 14.2 12.5 .58
16 26 24 23 19.5 17.3 15.0 13.3 11.7 .66

17 24 23 22 18.4 16.3 14.1 12.5 \ 1.1 .75
PROPERTIES ANO
- REACTION
-
VALUES
,
Sin.' 31.1 29.3 27.4 23.4 20.8 18.0 \6.0 14.1
V kips 33 31 30 29 25 27 26 24 ,..
R kips 33 31 30 29 25 26 25 23
G kips 7.6 7.2 6.9 6.6 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.5
1 ~5
N in. 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7
AMER I CAN I NSTITUTE OF $TE;EI.. CONSTRUCTION
'"
BEAMS 24
I
ALLOWAB L E UNIFOR M LOAOS IN KIPS

FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTEO
For b.. m s lateraUy un. up ....rt&d. allowable loads must be reduetld. See pag. 176.
"'.
Nom;...1 Dec>lh and Wttlth- Weight ..... Foot
,.
,-, 24 x 71:'
"""'-
,......
I;on
120 115 110 105.9 100 95

--- 90 65 19.'
.... 428
6 498 ~~ 390 352 .03
7 478
-460
- - - 422
-- 376 365 ~ """""343" -----
312 .04
~. ~ ~ ~ m m mo ~ m ~
~
: ==
9 372 363 354 293 284 275 267 258 .07
10 335 327 319 312 264 256 248 I 240 232 .09
:~ ~~ ~ -~--m--m--~~~- ::~
13 257 1 251 245 240 -203- 197 191 185 '78 .15
14
15
16
239
209
233 228
204
223
_21.3 _ _ ~8_ - :rr3-- ~- 176
'88
199 195 165

183
171
160
177
165
155
171
160
150
-155-1
166
145
.17
.1'
.22
17 197 192 188 184 I-T55 -150 146 141 136 .25
18 186 182 '77 174 146 142 138 133 129 .28
'9 176 172 168 164 139 135 130 126 122 .31
20 167 163 159 - T~ - 132 128 124 1'20 116 .35
21
22
159
- T~ -
r 156
149
-1- 152 -
145
149
142
126
120
122
116
118
1\3
114
109
110
105
.38
.42
23
24
145
139
142
136
139
133
136
130
115
110
111
107
108
103
104
100
1 '0971 .46
.50
25 134 131 128 125 105 102 99 96 93 .54
26 129 126 123 120 101 98 95 92 89 .58
27 124 121 118 116 98 95 92 89 86 .63
'28 120 117 114 112 94 91 89 86 83 .68
29 115 113 110 108 91 88 85 83 80 .73
30 112 109 106 104 88 85 83 80 n .78
31 108 105 103 101 85 83 80 77 75 .83
32 105 102 100 98 B2 80 n 75 73 .88
33 101 99 97 95 80 78 75 73 70 .94
34 98 96 94 92 78 75 73 71 68 1.00
35 96 93 91 89 75 73 71 69 66 1.06
36 93 91 89 87 73 71 69 67 64 1.12
37 90 88 86 84 71 69 67 65 63 1.18
38 88 86 84 82 69 67 65 63 61 1.25
3. ................./j4"., iii .. 00 68 .......... 114 ....... .... 66 1.31
~!
40 84 82 80 78 I 66 64 62 60 58 1.38
42 80 78 76 74, 63 61 59 57 55 1.52
44 76 74 n 71 60 58 56 55 53 1.67
46 73 71 69 68 57 56 54 52 50 1.82
48 70 68 66 65 I 55 53 52 50 48 1.99
1:;;::50~=~~6~';--;:~65~~~64~~PROPERTI ES AN O 63 53 51
REACTION 50
VALUES 48 "'-_~2.~16"--1
_ ...
...
-
Sin." 250.9 ' 245.0 ' 239.1 I 234.3 197.6 191.8 185.8 180.0 173.9
V kips 249 230 211 195 233 214 195 176 156
A kips 104 96 88 82 92 84 n 69 62 1 74-175
G kips 19.2 17.7 16.2 15.0 17.9 16.5 15.0 13.5 12.0
N in. \1,1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF S T EEL CON STR UCTIO N
192
20 BEAMS
I
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS 'N KIPS

For buma I. teri lly unlupported, allowable load. mUlt ~ reduced. See page 176.
~~-
Nominal Depth and W idth Wel,h! per Foot
"'"
'"
..
20" 20 X 6}" - "'"-
lion
'M' 100 95 90
--,85 81.4 75 70 65.4 '''''A
5
454
440 4"
I 378 340 334 294 I _03
li t-
6 366 356 344 334 281 270 260 _04
7 3" 305 295 286 241 231 223 _05
__
11.5 _
-m-I-m-
8 275 267 258 250 211 202 _07
9 244 237 230I 223
~~
187 '80 173 -OS
~~ I
10 220 213 166 _'0
200
m-ffi-
11 200 '78 153 147 "2 _13
1-)2.' -'130- -
12
13
1
-ftrn- :~
'83 '63
'50
---------
130
140
,,,
'25
135
'20
_15
_'8
"
15
157
147
152
142
----
'38
----
'34
140
130- - '20
112 '08
111
'04
_20
.23
'29
"
17
18
137
-'29---,2"5-
122
133
'18
,22
'15
'25
'18
'11
122
115
'09
'05
99
94
'0'
95
90
97
92
87
.27
.30
.34
'9
20 '"
110
112
'07
'09
'03
'05
'00
'03
98
89
84
85
81
82
78
_37
.41
21 '05 '02 98 95 93 80 77 74 _46
22 '00 97 94 91 89 71 74 71 .50
23 96 93 90 87 85 73 70 68 .55
24 92 89 SS 84 82 70 67 65 .80
25 88 85 83 80 78 67 65 62 .65
26 85 82 80 77 75 65 62 80 .70
27 81 79 77 74 72 62 80 58 .75
28 79 76 74 72 70 80 58 56 _81
29 76 74 71 69 67 58 56 54 .87
30 73 71 69 67 .65 56 54 52 .93
31 71 69 67 65 63 54 52 50 .99
32
33
69
.. 67 67
.. .. ..65 65 63 61 53
.. ... 63 6T .. .. 59 .... sf ....
51 ... .
.. ,Hr 49
47 .... 1.06
1. 13
34 65 63 61 59 58 50 48 46 1.20
35 63 61 59 57 56 48 46 45 1.27
36 61 59 57 56 54 47 45 43 1.34
37 59 58 56 54 53 46 44 42 1.42
38 58 56 54 53 51 44 43 41 1.49
39
40
41
56
"
54
"
53
52
53
52
50
51
50
49
50
49
48
43
42
41
42
41
40
40
39
38
1.57
'_66
1.74
42 52 51 49 48 39
47 40 37 '_83
PROPERTIES ANO REACTION VALUES
S in. z
V
R
kips
kips
164.8
227
110
160.0
208
10'
155.0
189
92
150.2
170
82
146.6
'56
76
126.3
167
78
121,4
147
69
116.9
'30
61
...
1~~
G kips 21.0 19.2 17.4 15.7 14.4 15.4 13.6 12.0
N in. 9_' 9.1 9.1 9.' 9_' 9_3 9.3 9.3
A M ERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CON STRUCT I ON
193
BEAMS 18 .. 15
ALLOWA BL E UN I FORM
FO R B EA MS LATERALLY S U PPORTED
L OA D S IN KIPS I
For beam. laterally unlupport ..... allowable load. mUlt be .educed. $H page 178.
"'"
'"
'H'
4
5
6 226 217 207 196 .04 204 195 187 180 .05
7 194 186 177 168 .06 175 167 161 155 .07
8 170 163 155 147 .07 153 147 -,4i-- ,3!;- .09
9 151 144 -i38- 131 .09 -'36--'30- 125 120 .11
10 -'36- - '30- 124 -,111- .12 122 117 112 108 .14
11 124 118 113 107 .14 111 107 -~~-I- -;~ - .17
12 113 --;oj---M-
108 .17 -,M---!'\s- 94 90 .20
13 -;-05"---,06- 96 91 .19 94 90 87 83 .23
14 97 93 89 84 .23 67 84 60 77 .27
15 91 87 83 79 .26 81 78 75 n .31
16 85 81 78 74 .29 76 73 70 68 .35
17 80 77 73 69 .33 72 69 66 64 .40
18 76 72 69 66 .37 68 65 62 60 .45
19 72 68 65 62 .42 64 62 59 57 .50
20 68 65 62 59 .46 61 59 56 54 .55
21 65 62 59 56 .51 58 50 54 52 .61
22 62 59 66 54 .66 56 53 51 49 .67
23 59 57 54 51 .61 53 51 49 47 .73
24 57 54 52 49 .66 51 49 47 45 .79
25 54 52 50 47 .72 4!f 4'f 45 43.. .66
26 52 50 48 45 .78 47 45 43 42 .93
27 50 48 46 44 .84 45 43 42 40 1.01
49 46 44 42 42 40
28
29
30
47 45 43 41
...4"!) ... 43 4f .. 39
.90
.97
1.03
"
42
41
40
39
39
38
39
37
36
1.08
1.16
1.24
31 44 42 40 38 1.11 39 38 36 35 1.33
32 43 41 39 37 1.18 38 37 35 34 1.41
33 41 39 38 36 1.25
34 40 38 37 35 1.33
35 39 37 36 34 1.4\
36 38 36 35 33 1.49
37 37 35 34 32 1.57
38 36 34 33 , 31 1.66 I
PROPERTIES AND REACTION VA L UES
Sin.' 101.9 97.5 93.1 88.4 91.6 87.9 84.3 81.2

V kips
R kips
G kips
N in.
166
83
17.\
8.4
\47
74
15.1
8.4
128
64
13,1
6.4
108
54
11.0
8.4
8M
PllQeI
174-175
I 169
107
20.8
6.5
150
95
18.5
6.5
131
83
16.1
6.5
115
73
14.2
6.5
AMEFlIC::AN I NSTI T UTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION
'.4
15 & 12 BEAMS
I
AMER ICAN STANDARD BEAMS
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM L.OADS IN KIPS

FOR BE A MS LATER AL LY SUPPO RTED
Fo, beam. laterally "n s upported, a llowable I"ad . mu s t be .... dueed. See page 176.
Sinn II
,- .I
Nominal o..pth and W idth Weil/hl POr Foot
5Ji Dofl~
'M'
15 X 5 ).1 0.. . .
tion . 12 X 12 X 5
,......
lion
----,-- - - 55 50 45 42.9 55 50
-- -- ----.----
45 40.8 35 31.8
252
252
3 236
--
'68 --
214 176
-126
-
134 .02
5 I: --
-143
--
17'
176
21.
16'
----
13'
'60
157
.02
.03
.05
177
"2 ' 3'
158 144
_11.6_ ~ r-~Ol_
"0
96
.03
.04
6
7
---
'5'
- "5
-- ---
'34
- '18
-- "2 '05
--
'00 ----
84
---
80 .06
'29 '22
- - - -- -
"2
-- .07 10' 96 90 85 72 69 .08
,
8
--" -3 - --107
'00
--
95
10'
90
98
87
.09
.".14
89
-- - - -------- --
- 79
84
75
79
70
75
66
63
66
----
60
53
.".,.
10 90 86 81 79 71 67 63 60 50 48 .17
82 78 73 71 .17 65 6' 57 54 46 44 .21
"
12 75 71 67 65 .20 69 56 53 50 .2 '0 .25
,.
'3
15
70
65
60
66
61
57
62
58
54
60
56
52
.23
.27
.3'
55
51
.7
52
48
45
49
.5
'2
'6
'3
40
3'
36
34
37
34
32
.29
.34
.3'
16
17
57
53
54
50
50
48
49
46
.35
.40
44
.2
.2
40
3'
37
37
35
32
30
30
28
.50
18 50 48 .5 44 . 5 3 37 35 33 28 27 .56
.3 .50 37 35 ............
33 .62
"
20
48
45
45
43 40
41
3' .55
............
36 34 32
3' 27
......................
30 25
25
2. .69
21 43 41 38 37 .61 3 32 30 28 24 23 .76
22 41 39 37 36 .67 32 31 29 27 23 22 .83
23 39 37 35 34 .73 31 29 27 26 22 21 .91
2. 38
............ 3.
36 ............
............ 33
............ .79 30 28 26 25 21 20 .99
25 36 3' 32 31 .86 28 27 25 2. 20 19.2 1.08
26 35 33 31 30 .93
27 34 32 30 29 1.01
28 32 31 29 28 1.08
29 31 30 28 27 1.16
30 30 29 27 26 1.24
31 29 28 26 25 1.33
32 28 27 25 25 1.41
PROPERTI ES AND REAC TION VALUES

5 in.- 67.8
V kips ' 26
R kips 7'
64.2
107
63
60.5
88
52
58.'
80
.7
...
.....
174-17!
53.2
'26
94
50.3
107
79
47.3
88
65
44.8
72
53
37.8
67
48
36.0
55
39 ~
......
174-175
o kips 15.6 13.2 10.9 ' .8 19.4 16.5 13.6 11.0 10.3 8,4
N in. 6.' 6.' 6.9 6.9 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5,4 5,4
AMERICAN INST I Tl,ITE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIO N
195
BEAMS 10 .. 8
I
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS IN K I PS

Nominal Deptll and Width WeiG ht pe.r foot
"''"'"
,n 10 II. 4 ~
f--;:;:-_cOc:.:'-'~:-~=c- l
1_ _ __ 1 ---'4~0'-1~~I~I...::'-==_t--=
25".,,
5 -1-23-.-
o..f1eo-
tion
0 -1-20--5---18-.-
8 )( 4
I-= o--=O'-.T-''o-.,---,--= c-
4 _,_'_-
__
Dafloo-
Ii""
192 154 110 92 72

3 140 130 116 .02
r;'-
_ ~_
,--:"-
71
=
67
---
56 .02
4 105 89 80
5 84
97
76
---
71 = 65 .03
.05
57 53 50 47
38
.04
-:-1--~~ ----~ --
45 43 40 .07
6
7
-~.- .Q7
.10
38
32
36
31
34
29
32
27
.09
.13
8 53 49 45 41 .13 28 27 25 24 .17
9 47 43 40 36 .17 25 24 22 21 .21
10 42 39 36 3J .21 23 21 20 18.9 .26
11 38 35 32 30 .25 21 19.4 18.3 17.2 .31

12 35 32 30 27 .30 18.9 17.8 16.8 15.8 .37
13 32 30 27 25 .35 17.4 16.4 15.5 14.6 .44
25 23
14
15
30
" "
26 24 22
.41
.47
16.2
15.1
15.2
14.2
14.4
13.4
13.5
12.6
.51
.58
16 ...............
26 .......................
24 22 ........
20 . .53 14.2 13.3 12.6 11.8 .66
17 25 23 21 19.1 .60 13.3 12.5 11.8 11.1 .75
18
19
23
22
22
21
I 19.8
18.7
18.1
17.1
.67
.75
20 21 19.5 17.8 16.3 .83
21 20 18.5 17.0 15.5 .91

S in.' 31.6 29.2 26.7 24.4 17.0 16.0 15.1 14.2
V kips
A kips
96
80
77
64
58
48
40
34 'M
pall'll "" 46
46
36
36
28
28 '"
1140175 ~-
174.115
G kips 17.8 14.3 10.7 7.4 12.8 10.6 8.4 6.5
N in. 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
AMERICAN INSTl TUTI't OF STEEL CONSTRUe' rlON
19.
7.6 & 5 BEAMS
I
AL.LO W ABLE UNIFORM I.OADS I N KIPS

FOR BEA M S LATE R A L LY SUPPO RT ED
For beam . lateraUy un.upported. allowable loads mu.t be ~duc"d. See page 176.
Nom ..... D&I>Ih and Widtll Weight per Foot
7)(3M , Denec- 6 )( 3~ , Deflec- 5 )( 3 Deflec-

1,,,,, , , I Ii"" -;-;C;"'-::O;;~,--;;;-;:-I liOll
20.0 17.5 15.3 IJlCoo. 17.25 14.75 12.5 Incl>M 1475 1225 100 IrlCl,,"
82 2 54 3 ___ J ______~7 __
3
4
5
_;__ ~J_~_
32 30 28
.03
.05
.07
39
---
29
23
35
-. _--
26
21
32
- - -- -
24
19.5
.03
.06
.09
27
20
16.0
24
18.0
14.4
21
16.0
12.8
.04
.07
.10

7
27
23
25
21
23
19.8
.11
.15
19.3
16.6
17.6
15.0
16.2
13.9
".12
.17
13.3
11.4
12.0
10.3
10.7
9.1
.15
.20
8 20 18.5 17.3 .19 14.5 13.2 12.2 .22 10.0 9.0 8.0 .27
9 17.8 16.4 15.4 .24 12.9 11.7 10.8 .28 8.9 8.0 7.1 .34
..............................
10 16.0 14.8 13.9 .30 11.6 10.5 9.7 .35 8.0 7.2 . 4 .41
11
12
13
"
12.3
13.5
12.3
11.4
12.6 .
... 14.5 .........................
13.3 11.6
10.7
....3.
.50
10.5
9.7
8.9
9.
8.8
8.1
8.8
8.1
7.5
.42
.50
.58
7.3 . 5 5.8 .50
14 11.4 10.6 9.9 .58

15 10.7 9.9 9.2 .7
..
-,... "
,
S in. 3
1 12.0 11.1 10.4 8.7 7.' 7.3 6.0 5.4 4.8
V kips
R kips
41
"
31
J6
8.3
23
2.
. 0
..,..
17~_175
36
"
11.2
27
JS
8.2
17.9
24
5.5
114-175
32
11.9
23
JS
8.3
13.7
2I
5.0
.....
So,
174-11
G kiPsl 10.8
N in. 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 , 2.5 I 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
Values of A in italics eJ'ceed rn.u,mum web shear V.
AMRleAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ON

19'
BEAMS 4&3
AI.LOWABL.E UNIFORM LOADS IN KIPS

FOR BEA MS LA T ERALLV SUPPORTED
I
For beams lateraUy unsupported, allowable load s must be reduced. See page 176.
Nom,,'al ~pth and W.dth We Ight per Fool
4)(2 ~
"'''''-'I--=c=--I ~~n - -:'--'1~7''''c.,-:=--I~'f!on 3)(2 ~
' . .0
in .
Feet
I -,,,,,---,--,co'-'TI
10.5 I 9.5 8.5 ~'~
'_I ----,
'.,,- 5 , ---
5 _ _-,6".5'---1_".,
I
a 15.6 14.7 14.2 13.3 .05 8.4 8.0 7.6 .06

.,.' 11.7 11.0 10.7 10.0 .OS . 6.3 6.0 5.7
............................................... .. .11
,
E; .. ....;:: ... 1
U
:.:.:." .. ....:.::............:.:.;....
U 61 U
:::
_
:::
U
:::
U
:::
U
:::
~
5.8 5.5 5.3 5.0 .33

"" 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.4 .42
PROPERTIES AN D REAC TI ON VALUES

.
Sin.'
V kips
R kips
3.5
21
40
3.3
17.0
JZ
3.2
13.2
2S I
3.
9.9
18.8
...
""g61
17~_17!i
M
1.9
13.6
1.8
9.8
24
1.7
6.6
16.6 ..,..
""
17"'1~
G kips 9.6 '.8 6.1 4.6 8.4 6. 4.1
N in. 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 I 1.1 1.1 1.1
Val uea of R in italics ex""t-'<I m:uimum ,",'eb Qhe3r V.

198
MISCELLANEOUS
I LIGHT BEAMS
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS I N KIPS
For beam s laterally un l upp.orted, allo ..... able load, mu . t be re duced. See "age 1711.
Nommal Depth and W ,dth We,ght per Foot

-
"'"
,"
'M' 22
" 12
I,
X 4
16% 19
10)( 4
1_7 _1_15
1_ _, 15
~8 X 4
13 16
*6 X 4
12
48
---
36
3
- -- --- -- - ------
76
71
72 66 64 60 52
-- -
44
---
42 32
4
5
---
84
68 57
58
47
63
51)
54
43
46
37
39
32
33
26
34
27
24
19.3
6 56 48 39 42 36 31 26 22 22 IS.1
7 48 41 33 36 31 26 23 18.8 19.2 13.8

9
42
38
36
32
29
26
31
28
27
24
23
20
19.7
17.5
16.5
14.6
16.8
15.0
12.1
10.7
.............
10 34 29 23 25 22 18.4 15.7 13.2 .... 13.5
......... 9.7
II
12
31
28
.26
24
21
19.4
23
21
19.6
18.0
16.7
15.3
14.3
13.1
12.0
...............
11 .0
12.2
11.2

'.0
13
14
26
24 ,.
22 17.9
16.7
19.3
17.9
16.6
15-4
14.2 ...............
13.1
12.1
11.2
10.1
9.4
10.4 7.4
15 23 19.0 15.6 16.7 14.4 12.3 10.5 8.'
16 21 17.8 14.6 15.7 13.5 11.5 9.' '.2

17
18
19.8
18.7
16.8
15.9
13.7
13.0
14.7
13.9 r
12.7
12.0
10.8
10.2
9.3 7.7
19 ... 17.a 15.0 12.3

.......... .............................. 13.2 11.4 9.7
9.2
20 16.9 14.3 11.7 12.5 10.8
21 16.1 13.6 11.1 11.9 10.3 8.'

22 15.3 13.0 10.6
23 14.7 12.4 10.1
24 14.1 11.9 9.7
2. 13.5 11.4 9.3

---
Sin"
V kips
25.3
42
21.4
38
17.5
36
18.8
33
16.2
32
13.8
30 , 2611.8 9.88
24
10.1
21
7.24
17.9
R kips
G kips
27
6.2
24
5.'
I 23
5.5
25
6.0
24
5.'
22
5.5
24
5.9
22
5.5
Z6
6.2
11
5.5
N in. 5.9 59 5.9 . 4.9 4.9 4.9 3.' 3.' . 2.7 2.7
-Rol led hy Bethlehem :)leel Cu. 3nd (;3 rnexie lll illOis Steel Corp.
Valu"", of R in ;[.3lica eu:eed m,.."mum "'eh shear V.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTI ON

199
MISCELLANEOUS
LIGHT BEA M S AND JOISTS
I
For bum. laterally un l upported , allowable load. mun b. ,educed. See page 176.
Nominal o..pth Ind Widll>-Weighl per Foot

",.
,2K4 10)(4 8)(4 6)(4 f15x5 M t 14)(6~ f12xS },i t l0x5~
'"
,~ ,
----
14 11.5 00 '.5 36 33 I 34 30 28 25 23 21
--'--1--1 I
26
3 62 46 35 ,,-
4 ----;w- - , r ---w- 16.9 126 9. 74 62
40 28 21 13.5 132 110 121 -96- ,,- ....l!- 6 0 --;a
"
7
33
2.
23
20
17.3
14.8
11.3
9.7
113
97 .,
108
93
100
86
94
81
72
62
68
59
SO
43
48
41
25
22
17.5
15.6
13.0
11.5
'.5
7.5
....i:fif
85
75 72
75
67 "63 .,., "4641 54
48
38
34
36
32
10 19.7 14.0 lOA 68 65 60 57 30 29
11 17.9 12.7 9.4 6.' 62 59 55 52 40 37 27 26

36
1 2~
13
16.4
15.2
11.7
10.8 .. ..
'.7
8:1)
5.6
5.2
57
52
54
50
SO
46 .,.,47 33
34
32
25
23
24
22
,,.. "
14 14.1 10.0 7.4 49 46 43 41 29 22 21
15 13.2 .............
9.3 6.9 45 43 40 38 29 27 ......... ............
.. 20 19.3
12.3 '.7 6.5 42 41 38 35 27 26 18.8 18.1

". 11.6 '.2 6.1 40 38 36 33 26 24 17.7 17.0
11.0 I 7.' 38 36 34 32 24 23 16.7 16.1
1. lOA 7.' 36 34 32 30 23 22 15.9 15.2
20 ~nj' 7.0 34 33 30 2. ....zr' .. .. 2'1" .. 15.1 14.5
19.6 13.8
21
22
9.4
9.0
6.7 32
31 " 30
29
27
27
26
21
19.8 18.7
14.3
23
24
25
'.6
'.2
7.'
30
2. ,.....
.. 2". .. .....
2.
27
.. 26.. .. '25 ....
25
24
24
23
18.9
18.1
17.4
17.9
17.1
16.4
26 26 25 23 22
27 25 24 22 21
28 24 23 22 20
29 23 22 21 19.5
30 23 22 20 18.9
30 22 20
32 20 20
, ,
Sin.' 14.8 10.5

PROPERTIES
7.79 5.07
AND REACTION
SO.9 48.7 45.2
VA L U E S
42.5 32.6 30.8
. 22.6 21.7
V kips 30 23 17.5 12.9 66 55 63 48 49 37 37 31
A kips 19.5 38 33
G kips 4.'
N in. , 5.'
17.3
4.3
16.3
4.'
16.1
4.'
27 I
'.2
7.0
6.7
7.0
37
"
'.4
6.6
28
6.4
6.6
75
5.6
25
5.'
5.6
30
7.0
4.6
25
5.'
4.6
4.' 3.'
0lWlled by &thlehcm St ~l Co. and Carnegie- Ill inois St ~l Corp.
tRolled by The! P hoenix Iron Co.
Value!l 0 R in italicl e I~ rnru:.imum web shear V.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I ON

200
MISCELLANEOUS
I LIGHT BEAMS
AL..l..OWABL.E UNIFORM LOA DS 'N KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALL..Y SU PPORTED
For bUma laterally ""'''I'ported. allowable load, mu s t be Ndu<;ed. Su p"De 116.
Nominal De~lh and Widtll Weight pel_ Foci

srnn tB.!>U t7.3H 16>3 " 12.3 . 11.2>t1 . 10.2 e9.'2~i ee.2}{ . 7.'la II6xl Ji
~ _2_'_'_'_9_ ~ 10 11.8 10.3 i 9.0 7.5 6.5 1 5.5 i 4.4

ro ~ M ~ M ~ ~
3 ~ 64 50 34 ~~~~ ~-2-'-1"5.6 10.7
4 52
-49 - --
47
- - ~ 19.7 40 32 26 19.3 15.7 11.7 8.0
5 42 40 37 ~ 15.7 32 15.5
, 26 21 12.5 9.3 6.4
6 35 33 31 18.9 13.1 27 21 17.3 12.9 10.4 7.8 5.3

7 30 28 27 16.2 11.2 23 18.3 14.9 11.0 9.0 6.7 4.6
8 26 25 23 14.2 9.8 20 16.0 13.0 9.7 7.8 5.8 4.0
9 23 22 21 12.6 ............
8.7 17.8 14.2 11.6 8.6 7.0 5.2 ...........
3.6
10 21 19.7 18.7 11.3 7.9 16.0 12.8 10.4 7.7 6.3 4.7 3.2
11 18.9 17.9 17.0 10.3

............. 7.2 14.5 11.6 9.5 7.0 5.7 4.2
............. 2.9
12 .............
17.3 .............
16.4 .............
15.6 9.4 6.6 13.3 10.7 8.7 ............
6.4 . 5.2 3.9 2.7
13 16.0 15.2 14.4 8.7 6.1 12.3 9.8 8.0 5.9 4.8 3.6 2.5
14.9 14.1 13.3 5.5
14 8.1 11.4 9.1 7.4 ............ 4.5 3.3
15 13.9 13.2 12.4 7.6 10.7 8.5 6.9 5.2 4.2 3.1
16 13.0 12.3 11.7 10.0 8.0 ............

6.5 4.8 3.9
17 12.2 11.6 11.0 9.4 7.5
............. 6.1 4.5 3.7
18 8.9 7.1 5.8 4.3
19 8.4
............. 6.7 5.5 4.1
20 8.0 6.4 5.2
21 7.6 6.1 5.0

22 7.3 5.8
23 7.0 5.6
24 6.7
25 6.4
PROPERT IES AND RE ACT ION VALUES

I
S in.s 15.6 14.8 14.0 8.5 5.9 12.0 96 7.8 5.8 4.7 3.5 2.4
V kips 40 32 25 17.1 14.7 27 24 20 17.0 14.0 11.5 8.9
R kips1 38 31 24 18.6 18.6 16.8 15.8 14.7 13.7 12.6 11.7 10.6
G kips' 9.1 7.4 5.8 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.7
N in. 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.2 2.6 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.4 4.0 3.4 2.9
1 Rolled by The: I'hocni~ Iron Co.
Rolled by Came,l ie lllir><>is 51....1 Corp.
Rolled br
Jonea &. I...~ullhhn Slllel Corp.
Val",," 0 R in italics u'ed ",,~~imum web at..ar V.
AMER ICAN I N S TITUTE OF STEEL CO N ST R UCTIO N
20 1
BEAMS 18",15
AMERICAN STANDARD CHANNELS
FOR C HANNEL S LATERALLY SUPPORTED
[
-
For ch.nnel, lat ... lly untupPOrt", aU_abl, I.... d. muU be reduced.
s.. ""'"' 17&.
NomillaJ Depth and W;dth W.,gllt per Foot
0"_
" ,. ,- I
,....., ,.....
,-
"'"-
18 It 4 15x3}i
,~
,
51.9 45.8
---- 42.7 I 55
I 318 12i'i()
50 45
242
~I 35 33.9
3 328 280 234 210 ~2""221 202 164 156 .01

4 248~2i22Q3 .02 191 178 166 ~142139 .02
5 199 184 170 163 .03 153 143 133 123 113 111 .03
6 166 154 142 136 .04 127 119 111 103 94 93 .05
7 142 132 121 116 .06 109 102 95 88 81 79 .07
8 124 115 106 102 .07 95 89 83 77 71 70 .09
9 110 102 94 90 .09 85 79 74 68 63 62 .11
92 65 .12
10
11
12
99
90
83
84
n
77
71
"
74
68
.14
.17
76
69
64
71
65
59
66
60
55
62
56
51
57
52
47
56
51
46
.14
.17
.20
13
14
76
71
71
66
65
61 ,.
63 .19
.23 "
55
55
51
51
47
47
44
44
41
43
40
.23
.27
,. ,. .,.
15 66 61 57 54 .26 5\ 48 44 41 38 37 .31
.
16 62 53 51 .29 48 45 42 39 35 35
17
18
19
55
52
54
51
49
50
47
48
45
43
.33
.37
.42
45
42
40
42
40
38
39
37
35
36
34
32
33
32
30
33
31
29
...
.40
.50
20 50 46 43 41 .46 38 36 33 31 26 28 .55
21 47 44 40 39 .51 36 34 32 29 27 27 .61
22 45 42 39 37 .56 35 32 30 26 26 25 .67
23 43 40 37 35 .61 33 31 29 27 25 24 .73
24 41 38 35 34 .66 32 30 28 26 24 23 .79
25 40 37 34 33 .72 3'1".. .. 29 '27 . ......" ........ ........ ...
~J ~
.86
26 38 35 33 31 .78 29 27 26 24 22 21 .93
27 37 34 32 30 .84 28 26 25 23 21 21 1.01
28
29
36 33
34.... "jT
3::! 32
..... ,..........."...
30
29
29
28
.90
.97
27
26
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19.5
19.9
19.2 1.16 I."
30
P
1.03 25 24 22 21 18.9 185 1.24
31 32 30 27 26 1.11 25 23 21 19.9 18.3 17.9 1.33
32 31 29 27 25 1.18 24 22 21 19.3 17.7 17.4 1.4 1
33 30 28 26 25 1.25 23 22 20 18.71 17.2 16.8 1.50
34 29 27 25 24 1.33 22 21 19.5 18.1 16.7 16.4 1.00
35 28 26 24 23 1.41 22 20 19.0 16.2 15.9 1.69
36
37
38
28
27
26
26
25
24
24
23
22
23
22
21
1.49
1.57
1.66
21
21
20
19.8
19.3
18.7
18.4
17.9
17.5
:::1
16.7
16.2
15.7
15.3
14.9
15.4 1.79
15.0 1.89
146 1.99
39 25 24 22 21 1.75
40 25 23 21 20 1.84
42 24 22 20 19.4 2.03 1
44 23 21 19.3 18.5 2.23
, ,
'".
S ' J ' 74.5 69.1
V kip 164
A kips 61
140
69
117
63.7
,.
61 .0
105
52
... 159
1~75 94
57.2 53.6
140
83
49.8
121
71
46.2
101
60
42.5
82
49
41.7
78
46
Boo
I~~
G kips 16.8 HA 12.0 10.8 19.5 17.2 H.8 12.5 10.1 9.6
N in. 8.' 8.4 8.4 8.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 68 6.8
A M ERICI\N IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
zoz
12 & 10 BEAMS
[ A M ERI CA N ST A ND A RD CH A N N ELS

FOR CHANNELS LATERALLY SUPPORTED
For channel, tatecally unsupported, allowable loads m", t be reduced. See page 1711.
...'" " Nominal Oe!>th and Width

Den"".
Wei!lht per Fool
Do...
'"' 40
-- -- -------- ----
35
198
12 X 3
160
30
lZO
25 ZO.7
tion
'"""' 35 30
10 J(
25
2%
ZO
- - -'"'"
15.3
--
tion
.
3 146 132
-lZO
--106
- 88 .02 102 92 80
-9870--6062- .02
4 109 99 90 80 ---'ii- .03 77 69 60 52 45 .03
5 88 80 72 64 57 .04 61 55 48 42 36 .05
6 73 66 60 53 48 .06 51 46 40 35 30 .07
7 63 57 51 46 41 .08 44 39 35 30 26 .10
8 55 50 45 40 36 .11 38 34 30 26 22 .13
9 49 44 40 35 32 .14 34 31 27 23 19.9 .17
10 44 40 36 32 29 .17 31 28 24 21 17.9 .21
11 40 36 33 29 26 .21 28 25 22 19.0 16.2 .25

12 36 33 30 27 24 .25 26 23 ZO 17.4 14.9 .30
13 34 31 28 25 22 .29 24 21 18.6 16.1 13.7 .35
14 31 28 26 23 ZO .34 22 19.6 17.2 15.0 12.8 .41
15 29 27 24 21 19.0 .39 20 18.3 16.1 14.0 1\.9 .47
16 27 25 22 19.9 17.8 .44 19.2 17.2

M ...........
15.1 .............
............ 13.1 .............
11.2 .53
17 26 23 21 18.7 16.8 .50 18.0 16.2 14.2 12.3 10.5 .60
18 24 22 19.9 17.7 15.9 .56 17.0 15.3 13.4 11.6 9.9 .67
19
ZO
23
............
22
21 ............
.............
19.9
18.9 .............
17.9
16.8 .............
15.9
15.0
14.3
.62
.69
16.1
15.3
14.5
13.7
12.7
12.1
11.0
10.5
9.4
8.9 . .,
.75
21 21 18.9 17.1 15.2 13.6 .76 14.6 13.1 11.5 10.0 8.5 .91
22 19.9 18.1 16.3 14.5 13.0 .83 13.9 12.5 11.0 9.5 8.1 1.00
23 19.0 17.3 15.6 13.9 12.4 .91 13.3 11.9 10.5 9.1 7.8 1.10
24 18.2 16.6 14.9 13.3 11.9 .99 12.8 11.4 10.1 8.7 7.4 1. 19
25 17.5 15.9 14.3 12.7 11.4 1.08 12.3 11.0 9.7 8.4 7.1 1.29
26 16.8 15.3 13.8 12.3 11.0 1.17

Z1 16.2 14.7 13.3 11.8 10.6 1.26
28 15.6 14.2 12.8 11.4 10.2 1.35
29 15.1 13.7 12.4 11.0 9.8 1.45
30 14.6 13.2 12.0 10.6 9.5 1.55
P R OP E RTLES ANO REACTLON VA L UES

S in.l 32.8 29.8 26.9 23.9 21.4 23.0 ZO.6 18.1 15.7 13.4
'"...
V kips 118 99 80 60 44 107 88 68 49 31
A kips
G kips
83
18.1
69
15.2
56
12.2
42
9.3
31
6.7
'"
~."
17<!-175
87
19.7
72
16.2
56
12.6
40
9.1
26
5.8
~
17<!-175
N in. 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
AMERICAN I NST I TU T E OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
203
BEAMS 9&8
AL LOWABLE UNIFORM LO ADS KIPS

FOR C HANNELS LATERALLY SUPPO RTED
'N
[
Fo~ chan""I. laterally unlupported. allowable load' mU lt be .... d .. c.<I. &' .. pall" 176.
Nominal Death and W idth We ight ~r Foot
....
S~o
In
Foet
9 X 2%
I I nenec.-
hon
I 8 X 2 ~4
"'"~
,lion
I 25 20 I 15 13.4 I Inch". 21.25 18.75 16.25 13.75 11.5
1--
-'~~~~--,~~
66 54 46
3 70 60
------
50 47 .02 53 46 44 4()
---
36 .02
4 52 45 38 35 .04 40 36 33 30 27 .04
5 42 36 30 28 .06 32 29 26 24 22 .07
6 35 30 25 23 .08 26 24 22 20 18.0 .09

7 30 26 22 20 .11 23 21 18.9 17.1 15.4 .13
8 26 23 18.8 17.5 .15 19.8 18.2 16.5 15.0 13.5 .17
9 23 20 16.7 15.6 .19 17.6 16.1 14.7 13.3 12.0 .21
10 21 18.0 15.1 14.0 .23 15.9 14.5 13.2 12.0 10.8 .26
11 19.0 16.4 13.7 12.7 .28 14.4 13.2 12.0 10.9 9.8 .31
12 17.4 15.0 12.6 11.7 .33 13.2
........... 12.1 ............................
.............. 11.0 10.0 ..............
9.0 .37
13 16.1 13.8 11.6 10.8 .39 12.2 11.2 10.2 9.2 8.3 ,44
14 ..............
15.0 ..............
12.9 ..............
10.8 10.0 ,45 11 .3 10.4 9,4 8.6 7.7 .51
15 14.0 12.0 10.0 9.3 .52 10.6 9.7 8.8 8.0 7.2 .58
16 13.1 11.2 9,4 8.7 .59 9.9 9.1 8.2 7.5 6.7 .66
17
18
19
12.3
11.6
11.0
10.6
10.0
9.5
8.9
8,4
7.9
8.2
7.8
7,4
.66
.75
.83
9.3
8.8
8,4
8.5
8.1
7.6
7.8
7.3
6.9
7.1
6.7
6.3
6,4
6.0
5.7
...
.75
.93
20 10.5 9.0 7.5 7.0 .92 7.9 7.3 6.6 6.0 5,4 1.04
21 10.0 8.6 7.2 6.7 1.01

22 9.5 8.2 6.8 6.4 1.11
23 9.1 7.8 6.6 6.1 1.22
.....
PR OPERTIES AND REA C TION VAL.UES
S
V
in.1
kips
15.7
72
13.5
52
11.3
33
I
10.5
27 ...... I 11.9
60
10.9
51
9.9
41
9.0
32
8.1
23
,
A kips 64 47 30 24 ~ 60 50 41 31 23 ~
17..... 17~ 17..... 175
G kips 14.7 10.8 6.8 5.5 13.9 11.7 9.5 7.3 5.3
N in. 4.0 4.0
AM ERICA N
4.0 4.0 3.5
I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CO N ST RUCT ION
3.5 3.5 I 3.5 3.5
204
7 &6 BEAMS
[ AMERI C AN STANDARD C HANNELS

ALLOWABLE UN I FORM LOA D S ON K I PS
FOR CHANNELS LATERALLY SUPPORTED
For channel, lat .. ,lly unlupported, allowable load. mu st be reduced. ~e page 176.
Nominal OeQlh and Width Weight per Foot

s,."
,"
'M'
_ _ _ I 19.75 17.25
7x2yt
14.75 1 12.25 9.8
1"""_ '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
tion
toehes
,---
15.5
6, 2
13.0 10.5 8.2
I o.n_
1;0<\
Inches
3 42 38 34 31
---
38
27 .03 29 26 22 19.1 .03
4 31 29 26 23 20 05 22 19.3 16.7 14.3 .06
5 25 23 21 18.4 16.0 .07 17,3 15.5 13.3 11.5 .09
6 21 19.1 17.1 15.3 13.3 .11 14.4 12.9 11.1 9.6 .12
7 17.9 16.4 14.7 13.1 11.4 .15 12.4 11.0 9.5 8.2 .17
8 15.7 14.3 12.8 11.5 10.0 .19 10.8 9.7 8.3 7.2 .22
9 13.9 12.7 11.4 10.2 8.9 .24 ............. 8.6
9.6 .... ........ ............. .
7.4 ...........
6.' .28
10 12.5 11.5 10.3 9.2 8.0 .30 8.7 7.7 6.7 5.7 .35
11 11.4
............. ., ............
IDA ............ 8.4 .............
9.3 ............ 7.3 .36 7.9 7.0 6.1 5.2 .42
12 10.4 9.6 8.6 7.7 6.7 .43 7.2 6.' 5.6 '.8 .50
13 9.6 8.8 7.9 7.1 6.2 .50 6.7 5.' 5.1 '.4 .58
14 '.0 8.2 7.3 6.6 5.7 .58 6.2 5.5 '.8 '.1 .68
15 8.4 7.6 6.8 6.1 5.3 .67 5.8 5.2 4.' 3.8 .78
16 7.8 7.2 6.4 5.7 5.0 .76

17 7.4 6.7 6.0 5.4 4.7 .85
18 7.0 6.4 5.7 5.1 4.4 .96
..
PROPERT I ES AND REACTION VAL U ES
Sin" '.4 8.6 7.7 6.9 6.0 6.5 5.8 5.0 '.3
V kips
R kips
G kips
N in.
67
65
1~.1
3.0
48
"
12.6
3.0
..,
38
10.1
3.0
29
JJ
7.5
3.0
19.1
Z2
5.0
3.0
....'" ,
174-175
44
57
13.4
2.5
I
,
34
"
1O.~
2.5
25
JZ
7.5
2.5
15.6
ZO
4.8
2.5
.....
174-175
Values (If A in italial uCftd maximum "'eb o.hcar V.

205
BEAMS 5,4 .. 3

A L LOWABLE UNIFOR M LOADS 'N K I PS
FO R C H A NN ELS LATE R AL L Y SU PPO RT E O
[
For c h'''''al, lat Uy u"supported. ,lIowab' ...... d . mult be l'8ducMi . 5 ... pall' 178.
Nom,nal Dt9th and W idtl> Weight per Foot
'I:'
,-, 5)11 ", I Oefleo- . 3x Hi ,
"''- ...
~~ i ~ ~ 7.25
"""'"
t,on I I
4 J:IU
6.25
I "00
~ Inchel ~~ ' ~ ,""-
3 18.2 15.6 13.3 .04 10.2 9.3 8.4 .05 . 2 5.3 .., .06

5
13.7
10.9
11.7
' .3
10.0
'.0
.07
.'0
7.7
. 1
7.0
5 .
.3
5.1
.08
.13
' .7 ............
_.........
3.7
'.0
3.2
3.7
2.'
.11
.17

7
' .1
7.8
78
. 7
. 7
5.7
.15
.20 ...
............
5.1 .............
'.7 ............
4.0
' .2
3 .
.19
.25
3.1
2.7
2.7
2.3
2'<
2.'
.25
...
.34
,
8
10
.8
............
. 1
5.5
5.8
............
5.2
' .7
...
5.0
.............
4.0
.27
.34
.41
3.'
3'<
3.1
3.5
3.1
2.'
3.2
2.8
2.5
.33
'<2
.52
2.3 2.0 1.8
11 5.0 4.2 3. .50

12 4 . 3.' 3.3 .60
13 4.2 3 . 3.1 .70
I , I
P R OPERT I ES A NO REACT I O N VALUES
, . ...
'".
.. ... ...
S' I ' ' .1 3.5 3.0 2.3 2.1 1.' 1.2 1.1
V kips 31 21 12.4
..... 16.6 12.8 9'<
.....""
13.9 10.1

R ki ps JJ
7.8
/9.1
174-175
J'
7.7
'5 17.8
4.3
174-175
J5
8.5
I" . 2 ..,
16.9 ~~~
174-1
- -I
G kiPSj '1.3 5.'
N in _ 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5
-.
1.5 1.5 , , 1.0 1.0 1.0
Va!.- 01 R in il .,. u<Nl ...... ""urn ...'tb shear V.
AM"""CAN IN S TITUT E OF 5TE;EL CONS T RUCTION

20.
BEA MS
L REGULAR SERIES ANG L ES

FOR ANGLES LATERALLY SUPPORTED
NEUTRAL AX I S PARALLEL T O HORIZONTAL LEG
For angles laterally unaupported. allowable load . mu s t be ~du"ed. Se. page 176.
For a ngl s ub je<:t to tors'on. make s pecial investigation.
Span In Feet
...,
Hot;"
zont.ol Angle
Si.e
w.
per FL 4 5
r-2- 16
~
8 10 14 18
- - ,----- ---
8" 6)(8)(1 51,0 52 42 35 30 26 23 21 17.6 15.0 13.2 11.7
% 45.0 4. 37 31 26. 23 20 lB.7 15.6 13.3 11.7 10.4
" 38.' 40 32 27 23 20 18.1 16.3 13.6 11 .6 10.2 '.0

% 32.7 34 27 22 19.6 17.2 15.3 13.7 11.4 '.8 8 . 7 .
J.i 26.4 28 22 18.7 16.0 14.0 12.4 11.2 '.3 8.0 7.0 . 2
8 X6 x !-V 25.7 17.6 14.1 11.8 10. 1 8.8 7.8 7.1 5.' 5.0
%J
8 X 4)( 'J..U
120.2
17.2
14.0
. 3
11.2
5.1
'.3
4.2
8.0
3.
7.0
3.2
. 2
2.8
5.
2.5
4.7 4.0
7" 7)(4)1; ~ 26.2 10.0 8.0 . 7 5.7 5.0 4.4

%
J.i
22.1
17.9
8.7
7.0

5.
5.8
4.7
5.0
4.0
'.3
3.5
3.'
3.1
II 13.6 5.3 4.3 3. 3.0 2.7 2.4
." 8x6 X ~
%
J.i
33.8
28.5
39
33
23.0 26
31
26
21
26
22
17.8
22
18.9
15.2
19.5
16.5
13.3
17.3
14.7
11.8
15.6
13.2
10.7
13.0
11.0
8.'
11.1
.4
7.
'.7
8.2
. 7
11O 20.2 23 18.9 15.8 13.5 11.8 10.5 '.5 7.' .8 5.'
6x 6 X ~
II
17.2
14.9
13.7
11.7
10.9
'.3
'.1
7.8
7.8
. 7
. 8
5.8
. 1
5.2
5.5
'.7

3.'
3.'
3.3
6x4)( !1e 14.3 . 3 5.1 4.2 3 . 3.2 2.8
~,
5)( 5 X ~ 20.0 13.0 lOA 8.7 7.' . 5 5.8 5.2
li 16.2 10.7 8.5 7.1 . 1 5.3 4.7 4.3
II 12.3 8.0 .4 5.3 4. 4.0 3 . 3.2
5l( 3~l(~ 10.4 '.0 3.2 2.7 2.3 2.0
11O 8.7 3.3 2.7 2.2 1.. 1.7
4" 8)( 4l( ~ 24.2 30 2. 20 17.5 15.3 13.6 12.3 10 .2 8.8 7.7
li 19.6 25 20 16.7 14.3 12.5 11 .1 10.0 8.3 7.1 . 2
11O 17.2 22 17.6 14.7 12.6 11.0 '.8 8.8 7.3 . 3 5.5
AME;R1C"N INSTITUTE; OF $TE;E;L CO N STRUCTION

207
BEAMS
FOR
REGULAR SERIES ANGLES
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOA D S ON KIPS
ANGLES LATERALLY SUPPORTED
NEUTRAL AX I S PARALLEL TO HORIZONTAL LEG
L
For a "glH later~llyunlupported. allowable load. mU l t be reduced. Su pall" 176.
For angl". s u bJeet to tora;on, make opee;;>1 Invettlgatlon.
Hori_ S!>on in Feet
zont.1 Angle WO.
Size
r-2-'~
Coo per Flo 2
--. - -- -
3
--'-- _ 5 _ 1_ 6 _ ' _7_ 8
" 14
4" 7 " , ~
15.8
%
13.6
,__ ,..
...... ......
17.0
14.7
13.6
11.7
11.3
9.8
9.7
8,4
8,5
7.3
7.6
6,5
6.8
5,9
5.7
4.9
4.9
4.2
6 X 4 X h
12.3 ...... ...... 11.0 8.8 7,3 6.3 5.5 4,9 4,4 3.7
4 X 4 )( li
9.8 ...... ...... 5.0 4.0 3,3 2.9 2.5 2.2
...... ......
'"
8.2 4,3 3.5 2.9 2.5 2.2 0.'
4 X 3~x ~ 7.7 ...... .._- 3.3 2.7 2.2 0.' 1.7
4 X3 X ~ 7.2 ...... ...... 2,4 I.' 0.6 0.4
)i 5.8 .,. -.. ..... 2,0 0.6 1,3 1.1
3).1" 5 X 3Ux J.1 13.6 20.0 13.3 10.0 8.0 6.7 5.7 5.0 4.4 4.0
% lOA 15.3 10.2 7.7 6.1 5,1 4,4 3.8 3,4 3.1
3,2
'"
8.7 12.7 8,4 6.3 5.1 4.2 3.6 2.8 2.5
4 X 3Mx ~ 7.7 8.7 5,8 4.3 3.5 2.' 2.5 2.2 0.'
3J.1x3 J.1x%; 7.2 6.5 4,4 3.3 2,6 2.2 I,' 0.6
)i 5.8 5.3 3.5 2.6 2,1 1,8 1.5 1,3
3).1)(3 X !( 5,4 3.' 2.6 0.' 0.5 1,3 1.1
3" 4 )( 3 )( J1
11.1 12.7 8,4 6.3 5,1 4,2 3.6 3.2
% 8,5 10.0 6.7 5.0 4,0 3.3 2.' 2.5
'"
7.2 8.0 5.3 4.0 3,2 2.7 2.3 2.0
)i 5,8 6.7 4,4 3.3 2,7 2.2 0., 1.7
3).1)(3 )( U 5,4 5.2 3.5 2.6 2,1 1.7 1,5
3 "
, )i 4.' 3.' 2.6 0.9 o.s 1,3
3 )( 27!!xU' 4.5 2.7 0.8 0.3 0.1
2}1" 3 )( 27!!)( ~ 6.6 5,4 3,6 2,7 2.2 0.8
'"
5.6 4.6 3.1 2,3 0.8 0.5
)i 4,5 3.7 2.5 0.9 0.5 0.2
2 y'!x27!!x!( 4,1 2.6 1,7 0.3 1.0
2 7!!x2 )( y,; 3.62 0.7 1, 1 0,8
AMEFlICAN 'I'I S TITUTE OF" STEEL CONSTI'IUCT ION

208
ALLOWABLE LOADS ON COLUMNS
The loads given in the following column tables are based on an allowable unit
+
stress of:
for columns with values of not greater than 120
17000 - 0.485 :: pounds per square inch
for columns with values of f greater than 120

18000
pounds per square inch
I'
+ 18000 r f
For convenience in using these formulas a table of allowable unit stresses for the
various ratios of I r is given on page 210 of t his part and also induded on page 127 o f
Part I.
In the column tables. allowable loads given below the horizontal heavy lines a re
for columns with an I r ratio grenter than 120. The A. 1. S. C. Specification states
that the I r ra tio for main compression member.! shall not exceed 120 and for bracing
and other secondary member.; shall not exceed 200.
ECCENTR IC LOADING. The allowable loads given in the column tables are for
columns axially or symmetrically loaded. For f..'Olumns subjected both to direct loads
and to bending produced by eccentric loads. the new A.l.S.C. Specification in Section
6 (a) requires that the quantity
~ shall not exceed unity.

Fb
The use of Bending Factors (B. and By) tabulated at the bottom of the load tables
provides a convenient method of convcrting bending moments into equivalcnt direct
loads in order to select a trial section from the load tables.
EXAMPLE. A 14 W column with an unbraced length of 12 ft. carries a concentric

load of 300 kips and an eccentric load of SO kips applied 18 inches from the major axis.
Design the column.
Assume the average bending factor of the group. say. B~ - 0.185, then
Bending !\'Ioment - !\! - SOX 18 - 900 inch kips.
Equivalent Direct Load _ i'I-IB. - 900XO.I85 - 167 kips.
Approximate column load _ 300+50+167_517 kips.
A trial column section (Ill pounds) is fjrst selected from the tables as having a carrying
capacity of 517 kips or more on an unbraced length of 12 feet. Since th is selection is
only tent..,tive. it will be necessary to investigate the selected column as to its compliance
with Section 6 (a).
"The major and rniTlOC" ue. 3: frequenlly :ferred 10 in lechnical !iterolure .1 the Strong and
....eak alI"-
AMEFlICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTFlUCTION

20'
Allowable SIre" Act".1 SIr ....
Allowable A,o:ial Bendillg Axial Bend;""
I
Column fll 'b
"""~
'. '. r. _ ~ fb _ ~
, - +-Fb
~~' KiPl F.
Klpa per SQuate Inch
14 1/1Fl11 531 16.28 20.00 10.72 5.10 0.913

141/1F 95
14W 103
455
493
16.27
16.27
20.00
20.00
I 12.53
11.57
5.98
5.50
1.069
O.986(Use}
.
As shown in the above table. the 14 W III column section first selected was found
more than adequate. A 1<1 \IF 95 section was next tried and found to be inadequate.
A 14 \IF 103 section was then investigated and found safe. The lighter of lhe two
acequate sections is used.
In the design of long columns subjected to bending about the major axis. it should
be noted that if the ratio of length to flange width (lib) fal1s between 15 and 40. the
allowable bending stress Fb must be reduced in accordance with Section 10.
In case the bending is considerable. good design will dictate t he most advantageous
disposition of the column; namel}" so that the bending will occur abou t the major axis
rather than about the minor axis.
RATIO r .. ry. Allowable loads for columns are given in the tables for various lengths
unbraced along the minor axis. It may be necessary, however. to investigate the
capacity of columns with reference to both major and minor axes. The Ratio r.. ry
included in these tables provides a rapid and convenient method of investigating the
strength of the column with respect to the major axis.
Selection of a column from the tables is necessarily based on the greates t unbraced
length I with reference to the radius of gyration ry about the minor axis. To obtain the
maximum unbraced length with reference to the radius of gyration r.. about the major
axis it is only necessary to multiply the length I by the Ratio r.. ry. If the actual
unbraced length with reference to the major axis is equal to or less than the length thus
obtained, the selected section is adequate. IL however. the actual unbraced length
with reference to the major axis is greater than the length thus obtained. the section is
inadequate and must be redesigned.
EXAMPLE. A 12 \/oF (:olumn is required to carry a concentric load of 654 kips. The
greatest unbraced length along: the minor axis is 16 feeL The column is unbra..-ed along
the major axis for 31 feel.
Entering the column tables we find. on page 219 that at 16 feet a 12 \/oF 147 wiU
carry an allowable load of 659 kips. This section will carry 654 kips at about 16.5 feet.
The Ratio r. ry is l.n. T he maximum length at which the column may be unbraced
along the major axis is 16.5 x I. n - 29.2 feet. The sect ion is thereforr inadequate.
T he next heavier column is the 12 \/oF 161 which will l'arry ()5.\ kips at about 21.6
feet. The Ratio r. Ty is 1.78. The maximum length at which the column may be
unbraced along the major axis is 21.6 x 1.78 - 38.4 feet. The SC(;tion is adequate.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE O F STEEL CONSTRUCTION

2 10
ALLOWABLE STRESSES PER SQUARE INCH

FOR
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
~ Mem __, / r 1'20 to:!OO
f .. 11000 - 0.4& _
,.
Main M..".,.,.. I 'r uP to 120
/ .. Un~ length in 1nd>M ,- ",,.,
,.
l+"'"i'ii(iijjiI
r .. ,.r!i. . fA g)'nltion in i .......
" .
l -'-
~
,
I., , , ,,-,
Unit Un" Unit Unit Una
, ,
Sv_
, Sv_ ,
Sv_
, ~,-
, ,
(K1po) (Kt",) _ (K I",,) ( KIIII) ( K ilN)
---
1
2
3
17.00
17.00
17.00
.
---
43
16.19
16.14
16.10
81
82
.
13.82
13.74
121
122
123
----j---
'.93
'.85
161
162
7.38
7.32
....
83 13.66 9.78 163 7.27
5 16.99
16.99
44
45
16.06
16.02
84
85
13.58
13.50
124
125
9.71 164
165
7.22
7. 16
6 16.98 '6 15.97 86 13.41 126 9.56 166 7.11

7 16.98 47 15.93 87 13.33 127 9.49 167 7.06
8 16.97 .8 15.88 88 13.24 128 9.42 168
10 16.96
16.95
49
50
15.84
15.79
8.
90
13.16
13.07
129
130
9.35
9.28
16.
170
7.01
6.96
6.91
11 16.94
" 15.74
,. 131 9.22
.
91 12.98 171 6.86
12 16.93 52 15.69 12.90 132 9.15 172 6.81
13 16.92 53 15.64 93 12.81 133 '.08 173 6.76
14
15
16.91
16.89 "55 15.59
15.53 95
12.72
12.62
134
135
9.01
8."
I 17
175
6,.71
6.66
16 16.88 56 15.48 96 12.53 136 . 8.88 176 6.62
17 16.86 57 15.42 97 12.48 137 8.81 177 6.57
18 16.84 58 15.37 98 12.34 138 8.75 178 6.52
19 16.83 59 15.31 99 12.25 139 8.68 179 6.48
20 16.81 60 15.25 100 12.15 140 8.62 180 6 .43
21 16.79 61 15.20 101 12.05 141 8.55 181 6.38

22
23
24
25
16.77
16.74
16.72
16.70
..
62
63
65
15.1 4
15.08
15.01
14.95
102
103
104
105
11.95
11.86
11.75
11.65
142
143
144
145
8.49
8.43
8.36
8.30
182
183
184
185
6.34
6.29
6.25
6.20
26 16.67 66 14.89 106 11 .55 146 '.24 186 6.16

71 16.65 G7 14.82 107 11.45 147 8. 18 187 6.12
28 16.62 68 14.76 108 11.34 148 8. 12 188 6.07
29 16.59 6. 14.69 109 11 .24 14' 8.06 18. 6.03
30 16.56 70 14.62 11 0 11.1 3 150 8.00 190 5.99
31 16.53 71 14.56 111 11.02 151 7." 191 5.95
32 16.50 n 14.49 112 10.92 152 7.88
33
34
16.47
16.44
73
74
14.42
14.34
113
11 .
10.81
10.70
153
15'
7.82
7.n
'"
193
1..
5.91
5.86
5.82
35 16.41 75 14.27 115 10.59 155 7.71 195 5.78
36 16.37 76 14.20 116 10.47 156 7.65 196 5.74

37 16.34 77 14.12 117 10.36 157 7.60 197 5.70
38 16.30 78 14.05 11 8 10.25 158 7.54 198 5.66
39 16.26 79 13.97 119 10.13 159 7. 49 199 5.62
40 16.22 80 13.90 120 10.02 160 7.43 200 5>.59
AM I!I:AICA N I NSTITU T II: 0,. S T EEL CO N STRUCTI O N

Zl1
I T- COVER PLATED
j ~ r-'
r.:-=. x
COLUMNS
ALLOWANCE CONCENTRIC LOADS

I
, IN KIPS
u_ _
It \/IF 32.0 CO RE SECT10N
- -W idtll and ThocIc_. I _
''''''.
'M'
eo- PI.tes:
24)(3 14 2311:3 23x2 ~ ..
24)(3 ~11 24x3h 24l1:3 '~ 24K3H 24x3 23)(2 '11
8 4526 4424 4323 4221 4120 4018 3915 3818 JnO

9 4517 4415 4314 4213 4112 4010 3900 3810 3712
10 '507 4406 '30' 4204 4103 4002 3897 38(\1 3703
\I 4497 4396 4295 4193 .093 3992 3887 3791 3693

12 4485 ' 384 .283 4183 4082 3981 3875 3780 3882
<
13 4472 4372 4272 4171 4070 3970 3864 3768 3670
14 4459 4359 4208 4108 4008 3957 3850 3755 3608
.~ 15 4445 43401 4244 4144 4044 3944 3836 3741 3644
>
Q
>; 16 '429 4329 .229 4129 4029 3929 3821 3726 3630
, 17
18
4413
.395
4312 4213
4196
4113 4013
3997
3913
3897
38(\'
3788
3710
3693
3614
3597
~ '29' '096
\9
20
4376
4357
4277
4257
4178
4109
4079
4060
3980
3961
3880
3862
3770
3751
367.
3657
3580
3561
"
~ 21 4336 4237 4139 4041 3942 3643 3731 3637 3042
"I 22
23
24
4314
.292
'268
4216
4194
4170
4118
4096
407<
4020
3...
3976
3921
3901
3879
3823
3802
3781
3710
3689
3665
3617
3595
3572
3522
3501
3478
~
" 42"'3 4146 40<9 3952 3856 3708 3641 3548 3<56
'i 26 42 18 4121 4024

3998
3928
3903
3832
38(\7
3734 36\6 3524
3499
3<32
3407
" "
~
41 91 409' 37 10 3590
28 41 63 4067 3972 38n 3781 3684 3564 3473 3382
< 29 41 35 4040 3944 364. 3704 3656 3537 3448 3355
~
30 4105 4010 3916 3821 3726 3631 3507 3417 3327
8

D
<
32
34
36
.043
3976
3900
3948
388J
3813
3804
3791
3722
3761
3699
3632
3668
360'
3539
3573
3512
3447
344.
3383
3314
3357
3294
3226
3268
3206
3140
=- 38 3832 3741 3651 3560 3471 3379 3243 3157 3071
40 3752 3662 3575 3485 3398 3307 3 16 7 3081 2997
42 3671 3582 3494 3408 3320 3231 3088 3002 292Q
44 308' 3496 3412 3325 3239 3 151 3003 29\9 283.
46
48
3493
3399
3408
33 16
3323
3233
3238
3 148
"04
306'
3066
2979
2915
2824
2833
2742 ,..,
"04
50 3301 3217 3136 3056 2973 2888 2728 26'" 2573
--
PROPERTIES
- , , 789 770
Wt. per Fool 912 891 871 850 830 810 7'"
Depth d 24 23,,1 23 231~ 23 22" 22" 22 22)(
Widt h b 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 23
Ratio r./ rJ I.'" 1.49 1.49 1.48 1.47 1.4 7 1.52 1.51 1.50
Bending{Bx .143 .144 .145 .146 .1 47 .148 .149 .150 .151
Factors BJ .322 .32' .327 .329 .332 .334 .34<l .349 .352
A M ERICA N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
212
COVER PLATED
r-~-
I COLUMNS
A LLO'vYABL E CON CENTR IC LOA DS

II,---
~ 10-"
il----'
IN KIPS y
14 \/oF 32.0 CORE SEC TI ON

Unbt..,.,..
length Co_ PlaIN: Width.1'd Thick_. Incl>ea
FM'
22x2~ , 22)(2%_, 22)(2~ 22x 2 ~ 22x2~ 22)(2)1 1 22,2 i 22)(1% 22x l U'
8 3625 3532 3439 3346 3253 3160 3067 2974 2881

9 3617 3524 3431 3338 3245 3152 3000 2967 2874
3607 3422 3329 31 44 2958 2865
"
11 3597
3514
3504 34.2 3319

3237
3227 3134
30"
3042 2949 2857

12 3585 3493 3401 3308 3216 3124 3031 2939 2846
13 3573 3481 338' 3297 3204 3112 3020 2928 2835
< 3284 2916 2824
_2 14 3560 3468 3376 3192 31('0 3008
15 3545 3454 3362 3271 3179 3087 2995 2903 2812
l'>
.._.
a
16
17
18
3530
3513
3496
3439
3423
3405
3347
3331
3314
3256
324{)
3224
I 3164
3149
3133
3073
3058
3042
2981
2967
29"
2890
2875
2860
2798
2784
2769
~
19 34n 3387 3297 3206 3116 30'25 2935 2844 2753
~
~
" 20
21
3458
3438
3368
3348
3278
3258
3188
3169
3098
3079
3007 2918
2899
2827
2809
2736
2718
298'
22 3416 3327 3238 3149 3059 296' 2880 2790 2699
23 3394 3305 3216 3128 3038 2860 2n0 2680
i 24 3370 3282 3194 3'06 3016
294'
2928 283' 2750 2660

~
j
25 3346 3259 3170 3083
3058
2993 2905 2817 2728
2705
263'
2617
~
26
27
3321
3295
3234
3208
3146
3120 3033 1 2970
2946
2882
2858
2794
2771 2882 2594
28 3267 3181 3093 3007 2920 2833 2746 2658 2570
"
~
~
< 29
30
3239
3209
3153
3124
3065
3037
2980
2953 ,...
2894 2807
2781
2721
2694
2633
I 2607
2546
2520

~ 32 3148 3064 2978 2895 2809 2724 2639 2552 2466
D 34 3082 2999 2914 2833 2747 2664 2580 2494 24{)9
<
36 3014 2932 2847 2766 2683 260' 2518 2433 234'
" 38
4{)
2940
2862
2860
2783
2776
2701
2697
2624
2616
2543
2533
2462
2452
2382
236'
2299
2285
2217
42 2781 2703 2623 2547 2467 2387 2309 2228 2147

44 2695 2620 2540 2466 2387 2310 2232 2152 2072
46 2605 2532 2454 2380 2304 2228 2152 2072 1996
48 2513 2440 2364 2292 2216 2142 2067 1990 1914
50 2415 2344 2270 2200 2127 2054 1980 '905 1828
PROPERTIES
Wt. per Foot 731 713 694 675 657 638 619 601 582
21~ 21 ~4 20~ 20M! 20~.(
Oepth d
Width b
22!4
22
22
22 22
21)4
22 22 "22 22 22 22
Ratio r,./ry
Bending{ B.
1.56
.152
1.55
.'53
1.54
. 54
1.54
. 55 .. ,.
1.53 1.52
.157
\.52
.159
1.51
.160
1.51
.161
Factors By .363 .366 .370 .374 I .377 _382 _386 .391 .397
213
<-YI COVER PLATED

'-- Ir-'
x---' -,
COLUMNS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LOADS

I
, IN KIPS
14 W 320 CORE; SECTION

Unbracod
Length c.,.,..., PlalllO: Wldtl1 and Thick ....... Inches
'M' 22x l ~ 22~1' z 20xl .M
-
20xl '~ 20xl ' , 18xl'4 laxl J1
-
18xl
8 2788 2'''5 2590 2506 2422 2334 2259 2183

9 2781 2688 2583 2498 2414 2326 2251 2175
10 2773 2680 2574 2400 2406 2317 2242 2166
11 2764 2671 2564 2480 2397 2307 2232 2157

12 2754 2882 2554 2470 2386 2297 2221 2147
13 2743 2651 2543 2459 2375 2285 2210 2135
. 14 2732 2640 2530 2447 2364 2272 2197 2123
;; ~
15 2720 2628 2517 2434 2351 2258 2184 2110
Q
"0 16 2706 2615 2503 2420 2337 2243 2169 2096

, 17
18
2692
2678
2601
2587
2488
2472
24<15
2300
2323
2306
2228
2211
2154
2138
2081
2065
'5 19 2662 2571 2455 2373 2291 2194 2121
~ 2"'"
20 2645 2555 2437 2355 2274 2175 2103 2030
,;
~
21 2628 2538 2418 2337 2256 2156 2083 2012
22 2610 2520 2399 2317 2238 2135 206J 1993
23 2500 2501 2297 2218
~ ~ 24 2570 2462
2379
2357 2276 2197
2114
2092
2043
2021
1972
1951
25 2550 2461 2335 2255 2176 2069 1998 1928
"
"
~
26
27
28
2528
2506
2482
I 2440
2418
2395
2312
2288
2263
2232
2208
2183
2154
2130
2106
2045
2020
1994
1975
1950
1924
1906
1882
1857
"
~
c 29
30
2458
2433
2371
2347
2237
2209
2158
2131
2080
2054
1967
1939
1898
1870
1831
1804
8 ~ 32 23811 2295 2153 2075 2000 1880 1813 1748
D 34 2324 2239 2094 2017 1942 1817 1751 1888
c 2265 2182
36 2029 1954 1881 1751 1687 1625
" 38
40
2202
2135
2120
2054
1962
1800
1888
1817
1816
1748
1681
1607
1618
1545
1558
1488
42 2066 1987 18 16 1744 1676 1529 1469 141 3
44 1994 1915 1738 1668 1601 1447 1300 1335
4<; 1918 183' 1655 1587
48
50
1838
1755 I
1761
1680
1570
1502
1502
1442 --tltj
I
.
1439
1386
1372
1319
1268
1320
1269
1219
1271
1221
1173
PROPERTIES
Wt. per Foot

Depth d
563 544 524 507 1 400 473 458 442
20 19~ 19}i 19~ 197.1' 197.1' 19 1 8~
Width b 22 22 20 20 20 18 18 18
Ratio r.f ry 1.50 1.50 1.59 1.58 1.58 1.66 1.65 1.64
Bendinll{B. 162 .164 .166 .168 .169 .172 .173 .1 75
. 1
Factors By , A03 .410 .424 .430 .436 .439 .444 , .449
Load . b.l ow heavy Ii". are for I r rUiOi betwee" 120 a"d 200.
AMERICAN IN STI T UTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION
.,4
T
14 COLUMNS
I
w SECTIONS
A LLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LOADS

IN KIPS
xIx ,
Nommal Depth and W,dth
---
We'Uhll*' Foot
""'.
Unbraeed
,- \'I X 16
--
426 412 398 384 370
I 356 342 328 314
6 2113 2043 1973 1904 1834 1765 1696 1626 1556

7 2107 2038 1967 1899 1829 1760 1691 1621 1551
8 2100 2031 1900 1892 1823 1754 1685 1615 1546
9 2092 2023 1953 188' 1816 1747 1678 1609 1540
10 2083 2014 194' IBn 1608 1739 1671 1602 1533
1663 1594 1525

11 2073 200' 1936 1868 1799 1731
~ 12 2062 1994 192' 1858 1789 1722 1654 1585 1516
13 2051 1983 1914 1847 1779 171 2 1644 1575 1507

~
a
'5
,
'8
14
15
16
2038
2025
2011
,_
1971
1958
1902
1889
1876
1836
1823
1810
1768
1755
1742
1701
1689
1676
1633
1622
1610
1565
1554
1542
1497
1487
1476

,_
17 199' 192' 1862 1796 1729 1663 1597 1530 1463
1450
"
1
B
18
19
20
1979
1962
191 3
1896
1878
1846
1830
1813
1781
1765
1749
1714
1699
1683
164'
1634
1619
1584
156'
1554
1517
1503
1488
1437
1423
Ii 21 192' 1860 1794 1731 1666 1602 1538 1473 1408
~ 22 190' 184' 1775 1713 1648 1584 1521 1456 1392
~
23 1884 1820 1756 1693 1629 1566 1503 1439 1376
'1 24 1862 1798 1736 1673 1610 1547 1485 1422 135'
1466 1403 1341
'Je. 25 183' 1776 1714 1652 1589 1528
!! 26 1815 1753 1691 1630 1567 1507 1446 1384 1322
~e
27 1790 1729 1868 1608 154' 1486 1425 1384 1303
~
28
29
1765
1738
1704
1678
1643
1619
1584
1560
1522
1499
I 1464
14-41
1404
1381
1343
1321
1283
1261
=> 1356 1299 1240
30
32
1711
1653
1652
159'
1593
1538
"'"
148\
1474
1423
1417
1367 1310 1252 1195

34 1593 1536 1480 1424 1367 131<4 1259 1202 1147
36 1528 1m 1419 1364 1309 1258 1203 1149 109'
38 1458 1404 1354 1301 1247 1198 1146 1093 1041
40 1386 1334 1285 1234 1183 1135 1085 1035 984
l
PROPERTIES
- - -- -----
Depth 18U 18h 18~4 18li 18 17 ~ 17 )j 17)j t7~
Width 16ji 16~/s 16% 16)j 16~ 16S8 16 ~ ' 161 ~ 16 ~
Ratio r.. r, 1.67 1.67 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.64
Banding B~ .1n .178 .178 .179 .179 .179 .180 .180 .180
Factors B, .443 .44' .447 .449 .451 .453 .'56 .457 .459
A M ERlCAN I N ST ITUTE 01'" STEEL CO N STRUCTION
215
. r
xIx
COLUMNS 14
w SECTIONS
, ALLOWABLE CONCENTRI C LOADS

IN KIPS
I
NomInal Depth and W,dth W e.ght pO< Foot
Unbraced
length 14 )I. 16
'H' 300 287
- - --------- 273 264 255
-- 246
-237
- - -228
- - -219
--
6 1487 1422 1352 1308 1264 1219 1174 1130 1084
7 1348 1304 lOSl
8
9
1482
''''
1471
1416
1413
1407
1343
1337 ''''
I".,
'''''
1250
1255
1215
1211
1206
1171
1166
1161
""
1122
1117
IOn
1072
1O 1464 1288 1156 1067
II 1457
'''''
1393
1331
1324 1281
1244
1237
''''
1194 1150
1112
1106 1061
$ 12 144' 1386 1317 1274 1230 1187 1143 1100 1055

>
a
13
14
I_
1431
1377
1368
1309
1300
1266
1258
'''3
1214
1179
1171
1136
1128
1093
1086
1049
1041
1420 1290 1206 1120 1033
",
~
15 1358
1348 1280
1249
1196
1163
1154
1078
1025
, "
1410 1239 1111 106'
17 1396 1337 1270 1228 1186 1144 1101 1060 1016
..
2 20
18
"
1386
1373
1359
1325
1312
1258
1246
1234
1217
1205
1175
1164
1133
""
1091
lOSl
1070
1050
1040
1029
1007
997
1 21 1345
''''
1285
1193
1180
1152 1110
1098 1058 1017

'86
975
" 1330 ''''
1206 1166
1139
1085 1045 1005 963
~
'i
23
24
1314
1298
1270
1255
1239
1192
1176
1152
1137
""
1112
1098
1072
1058
1032
1019
993
980
''38
51
.." "'" I ""
~
25 1280 1223 1083 I ... 1005 966 925
0
1205 1106 1067 1029 990 952 911
~
"28
27
'''2
1244
1144
"" lOS' T051 1013 975 937 897

8
1187
1168 IIOS 1034 996 959 927 882
~
0 29 ''''
1204 1149 1090
1071
1063 1016 979 942 906 867
" 30 1184 1130 1071 1035 996 962 925 889 851
32 II .. lOS7 1031 995 960 925 890 854 818

34 I_ 1043 988 954 920 886 851 818 782
..
36 1045 995 942 910 877 844 811 779 744
38 993 945 894 863 831 800 769 738 704
938 892 843 81' 784 753 724 694 662
, , ,
PROPERTIES
Depth
Width I 1.64H .i
16~{
t6~
";,
16~1
16;'
16
16
16%1
"
16~1
"
16;'
15Yi "15%'~
1.61 1.62
15]1
Ratio r./ ry 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.62 1.62 1.62
Bending{ B. .181 .181 .181 .182 .182 .182 .182 .182 .183
Factors By .461 .464 .466 .467 .469 .470 .472 .473 .475
14 COLUMNS
I
W SECTIONS
ALLOW A BLE CONC ENT RIC LOA D S

IN K IPS
,
Nomonal o.,ct. atICI Wdtlt--W.oght .... Faac
14 x 16
211 '93 '8< 176 161 '58 '50
871
... '"
6 .046 'O(ll 956 827 783 742 705 .586
7 1042 998 953 008 868 824 780 740 702 .582
82. 1576
...
8 '038 94' 904 865 777 737 690
9 1034 989 945 900 86. 817 n4 734 696 '56'
10 , '029 940 896 857 813 770 730 693 '562
11
12
102"
1018
'79
973
935 891
886
852
8<7
809
B04
766
761
726
722
68'
685
.554
'54G
'30
13 1011 907 '24 680 8<2 799 756 717 680 '53'
14 1004 900 '17 874 836 793 750 712 '75 '526
,
.. ~
.5
16
996
988
'53
945
910 867 829 787 744 706
...
670 1515
.503
...
903 860 822 780 738 700
17 980 937 895 852 815 m 731 694 688 1491
j 768 n. 682
18
19
971
961
928
'19
886
an 836
807
799 757 717 ""
680 645
"78
'464
" . ...
20
22
95.
928
909
899
888
868
858
...
827
817
807
790
781
nl
749
741
731
709
70.
692
...
672
656
638
6JO
622
""
1434
1417
23 '16 an 837 797 761 722 683 647 6'4 1400
24 904 865 825 786 751 712 673 638 605 '382
25 892 853 813 ITS 740 701 663 629 596 .364
26
27
28
...
878
850
...
826
812
80.
788
ns
763
75.
738
728
716
704
690
679
667
683
642
63'
619
609
598
586
576
566
1345
1324
'303
29 835 798 76. 725 691 655 619 587 555 '282
30 819 783 747 711 678 643 607 575 544 1260
32 787 752 717 683 68. 616 582 552 522 1213
34 753 71' 685 682 62. 588 556 526 . 97 1163
36 716 684 65. 619 58' 558 527 499 "71 11 10
38 678 &" 616 585 557 527
. 93
497 470
440416
443 .064
'0 637 607 578 54' 522 465 995
PROPER TIES
15,:[ lSI.? !5 1i 15 1'8 15U '5Ji 15 "P/f 14lil
15'1 15~i 15h 15~ 15~ .5% 15~ 1 15}.i ' .5)<
1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.59 1.59
.183 .183 .183 .183 .1~ . 8< .183 .1&4 .185 .191
A M I!["'CA N ' ",STI T U T C 0 '" S TEEL CoNSTR UCT ION

217
COLUMNS 14
t I
W'SECTIONS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTR IC LO ADS

IN K IPS
Nominal O"",h Ind W,dth- We,ght poor Foot

I
Unbraced
Length 14 x 141 'li
'"' I 14 x 12
6
136
673
127
628
I
"'
58'
111
54'
103
509
95
470
87
430
84
413
78
--
384
7 670 626 587 547 507 468 428 411 382
,8 667
664
623
620
584
581
545
542
505
502
466
464
426
424
408
405
379
376
10 660 616 578 53' 499 461 422 401 372
c 11 656 612 574 535 496 458 419 397 368
;; 12
13
651
646
608
603
570
666
531
527
493
489
455
451
416
413
393 364
..,
~
388 360
a 14 641 598 561 523 485 447 409 383 355
15 635 593 556 518 480 443 405 378 350
'5 16 629 587 551 513 475 439 401

~
17 623 581
575
545
539
508 470 434 397
372
366
344
338

~
18
19
616
609 568 532
502
496
465
459
429
424
392
387
359
352
332
326
B 20 601 561 525 490 453 418 382 345 319
1 21 593 553 518 483 447 412 377 337 312
~ 22 5B5 545 511 476 441 406 312 329 304
~ 23 576 537 503 469 434 400 366 320 296
'j 24 567 528 495 461 427 393 360 311 288
~
25 557 519 486 453 419 388 353 302 279
~"
c
26 547 510 477 444 411 379 346 292 270
Ii0 27 537 500 468 435 403 372 339 282 260
~

~
c
28
29
526
515
490
480
459
449
426
417
395
388
364
356
332
325
272
261
250
,,<>
30 503 469 438 408 377 347 317 250 230
32 478 446 417 387 358 330 301 234 216
34 453 421 394 366 338 311 284 221 204
36 425 396 370 343 317 291 265 208 192
38 397 37<> 346 321 297 273 250 196 181
40 379 353 330 I 306 283
I 261 238 185 170
PROPERTIES
-
Depth 14M 14% ' 14 ]1' 14 8 i' 14J.4' 14)j 14 14)j 14
Width 14U 14~ 14% 14 % 14 % 14 )j 14)j 12 12
Ratio r. / ry 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.66 1.66 2.03 2.03
Bend inQ{B. .185 .185 .185 .185 .185 .186 .185 .189 .189
Fac tors By I .519 , .520 .521 .525 , .525
Loa d. below huvy line are for 1/. rat ios betwetu> 120 and 200.
.529 .530 .65' .665
A MERICAN IN STIT UTE OF STEEL. CO N STRUCT I O N

2 1.
xl
14 & 12 COLUMNS
W SECTIONS
I ALLOW AB LE CON CENTR I C LOA DS

IN KIPS
,
NomInal Oeptll ~nd Width W'>ghlllClr Foot
Unbr~
,,.
length 14 II 10 14 x 8 12 II 12
.'" ~~
6 ,.. 332
,.,
297 278 254 230 206
203
936 868 I 794
.
7 358 329 ". 251 227 932 863 790
8
9
35<
350
325
321
292
288
270
264 ,..
248 223
".
.99
., 926
920
858
852
785
n9
10
11
345
340
317
312
284
280
258 235 "3
207
.'"
185
913 845
838
773
766
...
251 229 905
12 33' 307 275 244 m 20. ". 896 830 759
,. ""
13
32.
30.
295
270
264
236
227
"5
207 7
173
166
887
8"
821
.12
751
742
15 31. 288 258
". 199 '79 159 866 802 733
.6
,. ,..
307 2.' 252
,.5
20B 190 171 152
..,
855 79' 723
...
17 299 273 197 180 162 144 779 712
290 265 238 186 169 152 135 836 767 701
9 257 230 174 158 142 1'26" 816 755
20 271 248 m ~~ 1"35'""" 120 802 741 676
. 58 7.7
"
22
26'
250
238
228
213
204
."
143
137
'29
123
'15
' 09 771
727
712
663
649
,.
23 239
228
".
207
.95
185
.44
137
.31
125
11.
112
'04
99
754
737
696
679
634
619
25
---------
216 197 176 . 31 119 719 662 603
.... .,. .,.

'07 95
... ..'".,
26 208 170 102 9. 700 645 587
27
28
20.
177 '58 .04
.20
'14
.09 98
93 .,
86 880
660
626
607
570
552
29 '87 170 152 '09 99 89 79 639 587 534
30
32
34
...
'80
.56
16'
153
.42
147
137
127
'05
96
95
.7
85 76 617
571
536
566 515
--o5~23,....f_'.~75::_1
493 448
36 146 133 118 507 466 424
38 136 12'
.16
110
.03 I I 480 441 401
40
'" PFtOPERTI E5
455 417 379
14 3 CC
14 -C---:.", J{"'- ;131>
Depth 14M 14 T3 Ji 14', 14J.i 1~~
Width 10.!i 10 10 8J.i1 8 8 8 12 ~ ; 12 ~ 12ll
Ratio r~ r~ 2.44 2.45 2.44 3.07 3.07 1 3.07 3.08 1.79 1.79 1.78
BendinO{B. .194 .194 1.95 .201 .200 .201 .202 .212 .213 .213
Factorl B~ ..::,8,,2,,
' c'-",,
830
=--"c',,834 1.087 1.090 1.102 1.119 .600 . .606 . .610
Loads below huvy lin ..... for 1/. 'IUOI betwHn 120 and 200.
AM ERIC ... .... I .... STITUTIE op STEEL. CO .... S TR UCT I O ....
219
T COLUMNS 12
']E'
w
I
SECTIONS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LO A DS
j I N KIPS
Nominal Depth and Width Weight pet Foot

UnbrlGed
Length
I 12 X 12
'"' --- 147 133 120 106

---- ---- 99 92 . ~~ I- 72 65
6 724 655 591 522 487 453 418 388 354 320
7 720 651 588 519 484 450 416 386 352 318
716
711
647
643
584
580
516
512
481
477
447
444
413
4\0
384
381
350
347
316
313
\0 705 638 575 50S 473 440 406 378 344 3\0
c 11 699 632 570 503 469 436 402 374 341 307
.g 12 692 626 564 498 464 431 398 370 337 304

~
0
13
14
685
677
61'
611
558
551
492
486
459
453
426
421
393
388
368
361
333
328
300
296
'5 15 668 603 544 480 447 415 383 356 324 2B2
,
-
'5
~
~
16
17
18
659
64.
638
595
5B6
576
536
528
519
473
465
457
440
433
426
409
402
395
377
371
385
350
344
338
319
314
JOB
288
283
278
19 627 566 510 449 418 388 358 332 302 272
S 20 616 555 500 440 4\0 380 351 325 296 266
~

0 21 604 544 48. 431 401 372 343 318 28. 260
,
~
22
23
591
577
532
520
478
467
421
411
392
382
364
355
335
327
3\0
302
2"
275
254
24'
24 563 507 455 400 372 346 318 294 268 241
~
-,; 25 548 494 443 38. 362 336 309 286 260 234
c
~ 26 533 480 430 378 351 326 300 277 252 226
~
B
~
c
27
2B
29
517
501
484
466
451
435
li
417
389
366
354
341
340
328
316
315
304
293
280
280
26.
2BB
258
248
238
243
234
225
21.
210
202
193
" 30 ~~
430
374 327 303 2" 258
241
216
181
32 387 346 304 "2 261 2'22 202
34 407 365 327 287 266 247 2'27 210 190 171
36 384 345 30. 271 251 233 214 198 180 161
38
40
363
344
326
309
2B2
276
256
242
237
224
=
207
202
191
186
176
16.
160
152
143
PROPERTIES
Depth 13% 13% 13;' 12 7," 12MI 12 ~ ' 12).1 12% 1274' 12;'
Width
Ratio r~/ ry
I 12%
1.77
12 ~
1.77
12 ~
1.76
'2~
1.76
12U
1.76
12.!1'
1.75
12;' 12;' 12
1.75 1.75 1.75
12
1.75
Bendinll{ B. .214 .214 .216 .216 .216 .216 .216 .217 .217 .217
Factors By , .616 _620 .631 _634 _637 _641 , _642 _64' _653 .657
Load. below heavy li ne ar. for I/r .atiOi between 120 and 200.
A MER ICAN INSTITUTE O f' STEEL CONSTRUCTION
zzo
12 .. 10 COLUMNS
'II' SECTIONS
I ALLOWABLE CONCENTRI C LOADS

IN KIPS
x-'
,
-x
N"",inal Depth and W,dtn- W' 'IIht per FOOl

Unbraced
Length : 12 X 10 12 X 8 ;-'----'----,,~O~'---,,~O----I
'"' I~~~~~I ~~'~I~~
6 313 I ~~ 258 240 I 216 192 667 607 548 490
m 213 1M
7
8
_ = _ m m 188
~O _ ~
m _
_
_
~
~
~ ~
9
~ _ m _ 182
~ _ ~ ~ ~
10 = m N m ~ In ~ = _ m
11 295 267 244 218 195 174 635 577 521 465
12 290 263 240 212 190 169 626 569 513 458
13 285 258 235 205 184 163 617 560 505 451
14 I 279 253 230 198 177 157 606 551 496 443
15 273 247 225 190 170 151 595 541 487 434
16 267 241 220 182 162 144 584 530 477 425
17 260 235 214 173 154 137 571 518 466 416
18 253 229 208 163 145 129 558 506 455 406
19 245 222 201 154 136 121 544 493 443 395
20 237 214 194 ---;44~~ 529 479 4~ 383
21 228 206 187 138 123 109 514 465 417 371
22 219 198 179 132 117 104 498 450 403 359
23
24
25
: :~ I ~~
f--',,,90'-1---'-17,-,2c. 1 155
126
120
115
112
107
102
100
95
91
481
463
444
434
417
400
389
374
358
332
317
346
26 182 165 149 110 98 87 425 382 341 302

27 176 159 144 105 93 83 405 363326289
28 170 154 139 101 89 79 390 352 ~5 280
29 164 148 134 96 85 76 377 340 305 271
30 158 143 129 92 82 73 365 329 295 282
32 147 133 120 85 75 67 342 308 276 245

34
36
38
137
128
120
124
116
108
112
104
97 /
:281
288
270
253
258
241
226
229
214
200
40 112 101 91 264 237 212 188
PROPERTIE S
Depth
Width
12}~
10
12MI 12
10 10
12){
8){
12
8
12
8
11
10%
w---;-J~ I
10.!1i
11 %
10~
11 %
10~
Rat io r. / ry 2. 11 2.10 2.11 2.64 2.65 2.64 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.74
BendinU(B. .219 .218
.221 .227 .227 .227 .259 .261 .261 .262
Factors By .795 .797
.812 1.051 1.068 1.070 .715 .723 .728 .738
Load. below huyy line ace for II . ratios between 120 and 200.
AME;RICAN INSTI T UTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
221
COLUMNS 10
IN' SECTIONS

IN KIPS
I
Nomi ... t Depth and Width Weight pet Foot
Unbraced
Lafllllh
,~,
10 '" 10 10 '" 8
89 77 72 66 60 54
11
1
6 436 377 352 323 294 264 239 21'7 197 "8 15'
7 432 374 349 320 291 262 237 21' 19' 175 156
8 428 370 346 317 288 259 23' 21 0 192 "2 153
9 424 366 342 313 285 256 232 206 188 16' 150
10 419 362 338 309 282 253 229 202 184 16' 147
11 413 357 333 30' 278 250 226 19'7 "9 161 143
12 407 352 328 301 274 2'" 222 19:2 174 157 13'
13 401 346 323 296 269 "2 218 105 16' 152 135
14 394 340 317 290 264 237 21 4 100 163 147 130
15 386 333 310 284 2,. 232 210 173 157 141 12'
m
16
17
378
369
326
318
303
296
278
271
252
246 221
205
200
105
'"
151
144
13'
128 '"
113
18 360 310 289 264 240 215 194 150 136 122 107
19 350 301 281 257 233 209 188 142 ~~~
20 340 292 272 249 226 202 182 133 120 107 94
21
22
329
317
282
272
263
253
240
231
218
210
195
188
176
169
12'7
121 "'
110
103
'8 .,.
90
23 305 261 243 222 202 ISO 162 11. 10' 94 82

24
25
293
280
250
239
233
222
213
203
193
183
172
164
155
147
111
106
100
96 .,.
90 79
75
26 ~..JL~~I~--;;-~ 10:2 92 82 72
27 I 256 219 204 186 169 151 136 97 88 78 69
28
29
247
239
212
205
197
190
180
174
163
157
146
141
131
127
93
89
84
80
7'72 66
63
30 231 198 184 168 152 136 122 85 n 69 60
32 216 142 7.
34
36
202
189
184
"2
161
172
160
150
157
146
137
<32
12.
127
119
111
114
107
99
71 63
"
38 m 140 "8 116 93
40 16' '"
'41 131 120 108
103
97 87
PROPERTI ES
Depth
Width
10 %
10 ~"
10% 10J,i'
10 1 4
lO~
10}i 10}i lOy! '0
10)4 10}i1 10
10
IOJiI
8
10
8 8
9~ 9~
8
Ratio r~/ry 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.71 1.71 2.17 2.16 2.16 2.16
Bending{B. .263 .263 1 .264 .263 .263 .263 .264 .2i'0 .271 .273 .277
I-,Fo"ctcO"",-;,B~,~_."7"
44'-!-c:.7"53
,,-,c,:.7C'O'CLC.076Clc.L .765 .767 .774 .!.15 1.013 1.026 1.055
Load" be lOW heavy tine U<I for I r ratio. batween 120 and 200.
AMERlCAN INSTITUTE; OF STEEL CONSTRue, ION
222
8 COLUMNS 1
I
IN' SECTIONS
A.LLOWABLE CO NCENTRIC LOADS

XIX,
IN KIPS
N orninal DePIII and W i(ltJ\ Weight ~ Foo!

Unbraced
Length
,~
8 X8 8x6.!1!
48 40 31 27
67 58
I
35 33
I~
6 324 280 232 193 169 159 149 127 113
7 320 277 229 190 167 157 147 124 111
8 315 273 225 187 164 154 145 121 108
9 310 268 221 184 161 151 142 118 105
10 304 263 217 180 158 148 139 114 101
-
11 298 257 212 176 154 145 136 109 97
,g 12 291 251 207 172 150 141 132 104 93
..
~ 13 283 244 201 167 146 137 128 99 88
a
14 275 237 195 161 141 133 124 93 83
15 266 229 189 155 136 128 120 87 77

~
~
16
17
18
256
246
236
221
212
202
182
174
166
149
143
136
131
125
119
123
117
111
115
110
104
I
81
76
72
71
67
64
~
19 22' 192 158 129 112 105 98 68 60
B 20 212 182 , 149 121 105 99 92 64 57
,
~
~
21 200 171 140 114 100 94 88 61 64
j
~
22
23
190
183
164
157
134
128
110
105
96
91
90
86
84
80
58
55
51
48
24 175 150 123 100 88 82 n 52 46
~ 168 144
-
~
~
25
26
27
161
164
138
132
I
118
11 3
108
96
92
88
84
80
77
78
75
72
73
70
67
49
47
44
43
41
~ 2a 14a 127 104 84 74 69 64
-
D
:>
29
30
142
136
122
117
99
95
81
78
70
67
66
63
62
59
31 131 112 91 74 65 61 57
32 126 107 88 71 62 58 64
33
34
121
116
103
99
84
81
68
66
60 56 52
I
35 111 95
.
PROPERTIES
,
Depth 9 aj( a)j ax a;{ a a a 7Ji
Width ax ax a;{ a;{ a a a 6)j 6)j
Ratio rx/ ry 1.75 1.74 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.73 1.73 2.12 2.12
Bending {Bx .326 .328 .327 .331 .331 .331 .333 .339 .339
Factors By .921 .937 I .941 .972 .972 I .980 .991 1.239 1.261
Lo;:od. below heavy lina are for I lr ratio. between 1:10 and 200.
AMERI CA N IN S T ITU T E OF STEEL. CO N S TR UC T ION
223
,,
COLUMNS
'I' I
A LLO W A BLE CON C ENT RI C LOA D S

I I N K I PS
Nomi n.' Depth I nd Width W eight per FOOl

Unbraeed
LelllJlh
I 6. 3S 5,3 4x2 ~ 3x2~
'"' 17.25 14.75 12.5
-- - - - - ~ 1~~ I~I~I~i~
14.75 12.25" 10.0
2 62 7. 59 7. 58 47 49 45 40 36 35 30 26
3 45 46 2.
4
79
73
67
63 "
54
66
61
55
50 41 41
42
38
37
343. 24
34
21
32
28
24
5 66 57 49 54 45 137 r2!.... 33 .2L~ ~ ~--.!.L
c
6
7
-4958 -4250- 44
38
~ 2!..-E...
39 32 27
29
25
27
23
24
20
22
18.7
18.9
15.9
16.4 14.6
12.3
~ -- 13.8

> 9
43
38
37
33
33
29
34
29
28
24
23
20
21
18.3
19.7
17.0
17.6
15.1
16. 1
13.9
13.5 11.7 10.5
~ 1. 33 29 26 26 21 17.9
."

~
~

11
12
29 25 23
20
!!
"
~
~
..
'j
~
c
!!
~

0
,
~
C
=>
t
PRO PE R TIES
6~ .~J_
Depth 5 4 3 3 3
6 6 5
42 ~ 2
~"
Width 3% 3M 3' 3U 3S 53 2U
4 2Ji 2Ji 2Ji
Ratio r~ / ry 3.35 .42 3.42 .97 3.10 3.15 .67 2.69 2.76 2.78 .21 2.29 2.32
Bending { B ~ .579 .541 .497 .715 .659 .593 .859 .824 1 .781 .737 ,124 1.044 .982
Factors By 3.862 3.575 13.282 4.290 3.912 3.500 4.357 4.246 ,4 .033 3.810 .617 04.372 4.100
LlUld. below hlllv)" line are for I lr ,atl ... betwe .. n 120 and 200.
A M ERICAN INSTITUTE OF S T EEL CO N STRUC T ION
224
xf
M I SCELLAN EOUS
I LIGHT COLUMNS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LO ADS
IN KIPS ,,
Unbraoed
C."", '6 6
Nominal DeIIlh and Widll> Welllhi
t6 X 6
pel"
16x 4
Foot
. '4x4
t::ii='
J;
,~
I
18
1_4_' _ ~I~I~: 20
I
15.5
----
16 ' 12 10
1----
7.5
146 131 112 87 61

4
5
199
196 143 129 110
97
96 85
75
74
75
71 "
52 58
46
44
35
33
72 67 42
6
7
8
193
188
183
140
137
134
126
123
120
108
105
102
94
91
89
83
81
78
70
68
63
57
49
45
41
"
52
48
39
36
31
29
27
c
0
9 178 129 116 99 75 65 43 32 35 24
~ ~ 10 171 124 111 95
86
82 72 62 --------
51
45 32 38 29
--
21
a
"0
, 11
12
164
157
119
113
106
101
91
86
78
74
68
64
59
55
41
38
29
26
35
32
26
24
19
17
'5
~
13
14
149
140
107
100
95
89
81 70
65
60 51 34 24 29
26
22
20
16
14
15 130 82
75
70 " 47
441
31
29
22
20 24 18
" ---------- 93 60 51 13
~0 16 120 86 77 65 56 48 41 26 22 17
17 113 81 61 53 45

72 38
18 107 77 68 58 50 42 36
"
"
~
19
20
101
96
73
69
64
61
54
51
47
44
40
37
34
32
} 21 90 65 57 49 42 35 30
~ 22 86 61 54 46 39 33 28
CO
8
c
23
24
25
81
n
73
58
55
52
51
48
46
43
41
39
37
35
33
31
29
27
26 69 49
Depth 6U ' 6H' 6 1;j'

PROPERTIES
67i' 6 67i' 6 61 "
6
. 47i' 4
,
3)1
Width 6 )18!
6'. 6 6 678;6 6 4 4 4 4 4
Ratio r./ ry1.73 1.72 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.80 1.80 2.70 2.76 1.74 1.73 1.76
BendinO{ B. .446 .445 .450 .447 .451 .453 .457 .465 .488 .702 .706 .710
Factors By 1.233 ,1.255 ,1.282 ,1.284 1.308 1.453 1.498 2.206 ,2.448 2.065 2.145 2.234
-Rolled by Bethlehem SI.:d Co.
t Rolled by Iktblehem Steel Co. and Cam~gie_ llli noi, S~l Corp.
Load. below heavy lin e are for 1/. ratios between 120 and ZOO.
A ME RICAN INSTtTUTE OF STEEL CONST R UCTION
225
T M I SCELLAN EOUS
xIx ,
LIGHT COLUMNS
IN KIPS
I
Nom;",,1 Depth and Width Weight per Fool
Unbraced

l ellllth
'H' 37.7
8 X 8
34.3 32.6
I 27.5
,
25.0
6 X 6
225 ZO.O
15 X 5
18.9
I 14
13.8
II. 4
I
5 185
183
168
166
160
158
133
130
121
1<9
109
106
97
95
89
86
63
60
6 180 164 156 127 1<6 103 9Z 83 57
7 177 162 154 12' 1<3 100 89 80 53
0
8 17' 159 151 lZO 109 96 86 76 48
~ 9 170 155 14. 1<, <05 9Z B3 71 43
~
a
10
1<
166
'61
151
147
14'
140
109
103
100
95
87
8Z
79
74
66
61
38
35
'0
, 12 155 143 136 97 89 76 69 55 3Z
13 149 138 132 29
" 14 132
90 B3
76
70 64
58 " 26
.. '43 127 8Z 64 47
~
0 15 136 126 121 76 70 60 55 44 24
16 1<5 7Z 66
~ 17
129
122
lZO
1<3 109 67 62
56
53 " 41
38
~ 18 1<' 106 <03 63 58 50 45 35

5
19 106
<01
99 96
91
59 55 '6 42 33
"
ZO 94 56
., " 44 40 31
". "
~ 96 90 86 48 41 37
0 22 9Z 85 83 .9 .6 38 35
23 87 B1 79 '6 43 33
~
24 B3 78 75
~
~ 25 79 74 7Z
0
=> 26 76 71 69
27 7Z 67 6.
69 62
"
29
30
66
63
64
62
.9
60
57
31 56 55
PROPERTIES
Depth
Width
8
8~

8

8
6
6~
6
6
6
6~
6
6
5
5

Ratio (x/ ry 1.81 1.82 1.82 1.75 1.77 1.83 1.85 1.73 1.73
Bending {Bo
Factors By
.364
1.209
.346
1.136
.337
1.105
.493
1.535
.467
1.466
.482
1.653
.454
1.542
I .576
1.765
.753
2.217
RoIled by Camelie. IUinois Sleet Corp .. Inland S leet Co. and The I'hoonl K Iron Co.
t Rol led by Carneg;ell1inoil Sleet Corp.
Load' below heavy line are. for I lf ."tlot; between 120 .nd 200.
AME;RICAN INSTITUTE OF' STEEL CONSTRUCTION
22.
T
COLUMNS rr=='
T
J:
Web"-!"
PLATE & ANGLE SECTIONS x-- - x
A LLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LOADS -'==
IN KIPS
l-L .
Web PI". 16 x l !i 16 x 11 4- 16 x !}i
I
~ Anol61 8x8xl~8 8~l!;111~ 8 x 8 x I
'2 CoV(l' Pi l i" ~x3U ~.3 . 24>3'1 23.J ~ 2:h3 ", 2303 ', 23.3' .. L2J'3 ~ 2Jx3 ~~ 'lJd
- - ""
8 4538 4436 4335 4214 4123 4025 3929 383. 3740 3642 3538
9 4529 4427 4326 4205 4115 4017 3920 3822 3732 3634 3530
4519 4418 4316 4194 4005 4007 391' 3813 3723 3625 3520
"
4508 4407 4305 4094 3996 3900 3802 3713 3615
<
.g "13
12 4496
4483
4395
.382
4294
.282
40"
4171
4157
4082
'069
3964
3971
3889
3876
3791 1 3702
3m 3690
3604
3593
351'
3498
3486
..",
,
Q

14
15
16
4469
4454
4438
4369
4354
.338
'288
4253
4237
4143
4127
4111
'055
.040
402'
3958
3943
3927
3863
3848
3831
3765
3751
3736
3677
3683
3649
3580
3568
3551
3473
3458
3442
17 4420 '321 '22. 4093 4007 3910 3815 3633 35J6 3426
"
3719
18
.9
4402 '303 '203
4085
4074
4054
I 3989
3969
3892
3874
3798
3779
3702
3683
36
3598
3520
3503
3409
3390
~ '383 '284
~ 20 '363 .264 4065 4033 3949 3854 3760 J664 3580 3485 3371
B 2. .34. .243 4143 40.2 3928 3833 3739 364. 356. 3456 3351
22 4022 3988 3906 3623 3540 3445 3329
i 23
4319
' 295
422.
4197 4099 3904 3882
38"
3788
3718
3695 J600 3519 3424 3307
i! 2.
25
4271 4173 4075
405.
3939
3913
3858 3765
3740
3672
3647
3577
3553
34" 3402
3379
3284
3260
=
.j
26
4245
4219
4148
4022 4025 3886
3833
3806 3714 3622 3528

34"
34" 3355 32,..
i 27 41 91 4095 3998 3857 3779 3687 3595 3502 3423 3330 3207
28 41 62 4067 3970 3828 3751 3659 3567 "74 3397 3304 3180
.'," 29
30
41 32
4002
4037
4007
3940
3911
3796
3764
372.
3690
3630
J600
3538
3508 ""
"17
3370
3342
3277
3250
3151
3122
~< 32 4037 394' 3849 3698 3626 3537 3446 3356 3282 3192 305 .
'" 34
36 ,..,
3988 3876
380'
3781
3711
3627
3552
3557
3484
"70
3398
3380
3310
3290
3221
3219
3152
3129
3064
2996
292'
l
~
<
38
40
3818
3737
3727
3647
3636
3568 ""
3389
3409
3328
3322
3243
3236
3156
3146
3070
3082
3008
2995
292.
285.
2774
::1 .2 365.
356.
3563 ",.
3387
330.
3209
3242
3153
3159
3072
3074
2988
2989
2903
2930 2944
2764
2693
44
"" 3467
3369
""
3383
3287
3294
3200
3113
3010
3059
2904
2980
2884
2898
2804
2815
2720
2848
2763
2671
2678
2590
2608
2516
2424
50 3267 3187 3101 2904 2862 2784 2703 262. 2578 2.99 2326
PROPERTIES
, ,
WI. per Ft. 91< 894 87' 850 831 812 1792 773 754 734 71.
Depth d 2. 231( 23)1 23 ).i 2J ~' 23 1.. 23 22l-[ 22~ ' 22)11 22)1
Width b 2. 24 2. 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22
Ratio r~ / ry 1.50 1.-4 9 1.49 1.55 1.55 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.53 1.52 1.58
BendinQ{S. .148 .149 . 50 .151 .1 49 .150 .151 . 53 . 50 .152 . 53
Factors By .334 .336 .339 .354 .349 .352 .355 .358 .354 .357 .373
A M E:RIC",N INST I TUTIE 0 .. STEEL CO N STRUCTION

227
r=:
T~
l
T~ -==. 1
COLUMNS
PLATE & ANGLE SECTIONS

411
-.JL
'-
L LJ I N K IPS
SHORT LEGS CONNECTED TO WEB
Web Plale
- 4 Ang les 8 X 6)( 1~ 8)( 6 X 1
15)( 1
. 8x6x Y/i
, 8x4)(1
--
'2 Cover Piau,. =, zo.:zT. 22lI'l1. 22. 2"1 122.<2!, I 22x2!i , 22.2'~ 2h2 ' . 20. 2' , ro.lH.
22"2'~ ' 19.'2 '{
--, -- -- --
8 3453 3360 3261 3168 3075 2982 2880 2787 2706 2592 2507 2429
9 3446 3353 3254 3161 3068 2975 2874 2781 2699 2584 2500 2422
10 3437 3344 3245 3153 3060 2967 2866 2773 2691 2577 2492 2414
1
3427 3334 3236 3144 3052 2959 2682
"
12 3416 3324 3226 3134 3042 12949
2858
2....
2765
2756 2673
2568
2559
2484
2475
2405
2395
l'-
13 3404 3312 3215 3123 3031 2939 2838 2747 2663 2548 2464 2384
14 3392 3300 3203 3112 3020 2928 2828 2736 2652 2637 2454 2373
15 3378 3287 3190 3099 3007 2916 2817 2725 2640 2525 2442 2361
>

'0
16 3364 3273 3176 3086 2994
3071 2980
2903
2689
2804 2713 2627
2614
2512 2429 2347
17 3348 3257 3162 2791 2700 2498 2416 2333
18 3332 3241 3147 3056 2968 2874 2m 2687 2600 2484 2402 2318
~
19 3314 3224 3130 3040 2950 2859 2763 2672 2584 2469 2387 2302
20 3296 3206 3113 3024 2934 2843 2747 2657 2568 2453
.."
2371 2286
~
3188 3095 3006 2916 2826 2641 2552 2436
. 21 3277 2354 2268
2731
22 3257 3168 3076 2988 2898 2808 2714 2625 2534 2418 2337 2250
23 3236 3147 3057 2968 2879 2790 2696 2607 2515 2399 2319 2230
24 3214 3125 3036 2948 2859 2771 2678 2589 2496 2380 2300 2210
~ ~ 25 3191 3103 3014 m7 2838 2750 2659 2571 2476 2360 2280 2190

5
26
27
3167
3142
3080 2992
3055 2968
2905 2817
2882 2794
2729
2707
2639
2618
2551
2531
2456
2434
2339
2317
2259
2238
2168
2145
..
"
28 31 163030 2944 2858 2m 2684 2596 2509 2412 2294 2216 2122
29 3090 3004 2919 2834 2747 2661 2573 2487 2388 2271 2193 2097
!? 30 3062 2977 2893 2808 2722 2636 2550 2464 2364 2246 2169 2072
.S 3005 2920 2839 2754 2670 2585 2501 2416 2313 2019
32 2195 2119
34 2942 2860 2781 2698 2614 2530 2449 2365 2259 2140 2065 1963
-
'So
!?
~
36
38
40
2877
2807
2735
2795
2727
2656
2718
2654
2586
2637
2574
2506
2554
2491
2426
2472
241 0
2346
2394
2336
2274
231 1
2254
2193
2203
2142
2078
2082
2021
1957
2009
1949
1885
1903
1840
ln2
i! 42 2659 2580 2512 2436 2357 2278 2210 2131 2011 1889 1819 1703
-
~
:>
44
46
48
50
2577
2493
2404
2313
2502
2419
2334
2243
24 17
2358
2274
2189
2361
2264
2204
2119
2283
2208
2128
2045
2206
2132
2054
1972
21 412065
2070 1995
1997 1922
1919 1846
1940
1868
1791
1710
1818
1744
1666
1585
1750
1676
1600 1472
--
1522 1408
1630
1552
PROP E RTIES
. I 1
. 621 581
WI. per FI. 697 678 658 639 692 , 563 547 524 507 491
Depth d 21~ ! 2 1;4 2P4' 21 20M lOll 20 ~ ' 20 14 20~4 20U I 20 20
Width b 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 20 20 19
Ratio r,,fry 1049 1.48 1.49 1.48 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.46 1.52 1.57 1.57 1.63
Be ndinO{ B . 158 .159 .157 .158 .159 .160 .158 .159 .160 .157 .158 .159
Factors By . .359 .362 .358 .362 .365 .369 .364 .368 .383 .385 .389 , .403
Lo~d. below he~vy line are for I r ,atioa betwu" 120 and 200.
AMER.eAoN IN STITU T E OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
.,8
y
I
COLUMNS T
'IF
-.JL
ALLOWABLE CON CENTRI C LOADS

TX-
~
- -x
IN KIPS I
Y
SHORT L.GS CO NN ECTED TO WEe
-;-
Web ~ale 14 )C I 14)( 1~_ _
14xYil
I
~ Angl$l 8x4xl r 8x4xl~' 8 x" x ~
200_ PlllN j9.2j{ ' 18<2'1 1"'2'1 ' 18'2 \i1 17'2" _ ~ 17'1 1 ,~ 17.1 ~ lhl ~ n" ,,", ' 17.1 H
,
8
10
11
2413
2405
2397
2388
233.
2327
2318
2309
2262
2255
2247
2238
2167
2179
2171
2163
2114
2106
2097
2088
2041
2034
2026
2017
1971
1964
1956
1947
1898
1891
1883
1875
1828
1821
1813
1805 1749
lnl
1764
1757 ~~
1692
1685
1677
1621
1614
1606
e
~ 12 2379 2299 2228 2153 2078 2007 1937 1866 1796 1740 166' 1598

>
a
13
14
2368
2357
2344
2287
2275
2217
2206
2193
21 43
2131
2119
2067
2055
2042
1996
1985
1972
1927
1915
1903
1855
1844
1786 1 1731
177S 1720
1764 1709
1660
1650
158'
1579
~
0 15 2263 1833 163' 156'
.> 16 2331 2249 2180 2106 2028 1959 1890 1820 1752 1697 1627 1558

~
~
17
18
19
2317
2303
2287
2234
2218
2202
2166
2151
2135
2092
2077
2062
2014
1998
1982
1945
1929
191 3
1876
1861
1846
1806
1792
1777
1738 1 '684
1724
1710
1671
1657
1615
1602
1588
1546
1533
1520
~
20 2270 2184 2118 2046 1964 1896 1829 1751 1694 1642 1574 1506
B
i 21
22
2253
2235
2166
2147
2101
2082
12029
2011
1946
1927
1878
1860
1812
1794
1744
1727
1678 1626 155'
1661 ' 1610 1543
1491
1476
.,
5
23
24
25
2216
2196
2175
2127
2106
2063
2063
2043
2021
1992
1972
1951
1907
1886
1864
1841
1820
1799
1775
1756
1735
1709
1689
166'
1643 1593 1526
1624 1575 1509
1605
1556 1 '491
1459
1442
1425
"
:!!
c
26
27
2154
2132
2060
2037
1999
1977
1930
1908
1842
1818
1m
1754
1713
1691
1648
1627
1585 1536
1564 1516
1472
1452
1407
1388
28 2108 2013 1953 1885 1794 1731 1668 1604 1542 1495 1432 1366
"'"
c
~
29
30
2064
205'
1987
1960
1929
1903
1861
1836
1768
1742
1706
1681
1645
1620
1581
1557
1519 I 1473
1496 1451
1411
138'
1347
1326
~
8 32 2006 1905 1850 1785 1687 1627 1567 1506 1446 1403 1343 1281

~
e
34
36
1951
1892
1846
1784
1793
1733
1729
1671
1628
1566
15()()
1570
1510
1512
1453
1453
1395
1395
1339
1353 1293
1299 1242
1234
1184
" 38
40
1830
1763
1717
1648
1670
1802
1609
1544 1430
1446
1379
1391
1325
1335
1271
1280
1218
1242 1188
1183 1 1130
11 30
1074
42 1694 1574 1532 1474 1358 1309 1257 1205 1153 1120 1069 1015
44 1622 1498 1459 1403 1281 1235 1184 1134 1080 W>311?i07 ' "
1
PROPERTIES
WI. per Ft. 473 .58 371 359 ,' 345 330
.88 443 1.29 1.14 1400 1385
Depth d 19 1 19 19 18U 18~ 18.\1 18' 4 18 17U 177.1 17}> 17U
Width b 19 18 18 18 17 17 17 17 1 17 17 17 17
Ratio r. f ry 1.53 1.59 1.60 1.59 1.66 .65 1.64
BendinQ{ B. .170 .172, .169 .170 .172 .1 73 .174 .176 .177 .175
r 1.63 1.61 1.62 1.61 1.60
.176 .178
Factors By .400 .414. .411 .415 .428 .431 .434 .439 .443 .441 .446 .451
Load , below heavy lin_ .. ro lor I r ratios ~tw"n 120 _nd 200.
AMERICA N IN ST IT U TE OF STEEl.. CONSTRUCTION
22'
y
T~===rtl COLUMNS
T/"F~ :x l I
ALLOWABLE CONC ENTRIC LO A DS
~-LJ
IN KIPS
SHO IlT LEGS CO N NItCTEO TO W EB
Web PI.", I 11 14 X II. 14 ~

14:0: " --
8 X 4 x }i ~4 X , ~" 7 X " .~ 7A4xJ(
17d'. 17d ', 17Al I~ lhl
7 1561 1489 1431 1359 1303 1267 1201 1167 1127 1079 11M. 997
,
8 1555
154'
1484
1478
1412
1426
1421
1355
1349
1298
1292
1262
1257
'195
1190
1162
1156
1122
1117
107'1
1069
1041
103.
992
987
10 1543 1415 1343 1266 1251 1183 1150 1111 1063 1029 982
11 Hi35 1465 1408 1337 127, 1244 1176 1142 1104 1056 IOZ3 97.
12 1527 1457 1400 1330 1272 1236 1168 1135 1096 1049 1016 968
13 1519 1448 1392 1322 1263 1228 1159 1126 1088 1041 1008 961
14 1313 1150 1079 1033 953
,.
1509 1439 1383 1254 1219 1117 1000
15 1499 1429 1314 1304 1244 1209 1140 1107 1070 IOZ' 991 944
1489 1419 1364 1294 1234 1199 1129 1096 1059 1014 981 93.
17 1477 1408 1353 1284 1223 1188 1118 1085 1048 1003 971 92.
18 1465 1396 1342 1273 1211 11n 1106 1073 1037 992 960 91.
19 1452 1383 1331 1262 1199 1165 1093 1001 IOZ' 990 948 903
20 1438 1370 1318 1250 1186 1152 1080 1047 1012 968 936 89Z
21 1424 1356 130. 1237 1172 1138 1066 1033 998 95. 9Z3 879
22 1409 1342 1291 1223 1158 1124 1051 1019 984 942 910 866
23 1393 1327 1276 1209 1143 1109 1035 1004 970 927 896 853
2' 1377 1311 1261 119' 1127 1094 1019 988 954 912 881 83'
25 1360 1294 1245 1179 1111 1078 1002 971 938 897 866 824
26 1342 12n 1229 1163 1094 1061 985 954 921 881 850 809
27 1323 1259 1212 1147 1076 11M3 967 936 904 864 834 793
28 1304 1241 1194 1130 1058 IOZ' 947 917 886 8" 817 no
29 1284 1222 1175 1112 103' 1006 9Z8 897 867 829 799 759
30 1264 1202 1156 1093 1019 987 907 an 848 810 780 741
32 1220 1160 1116 1054 ,78 946 865 835 807 no 741 704
34 1174 1115 1074 1013 93' 903 819 790 764 729 1 700 864
36 1126 1068 IOZ8 970 887 856 nl 74? 717 685 657 623
38 1074 1018 980 923 837 808 720 693 669 ""6j9 """"ST5"" --;s;r-
.0 1019 966 930 875 786 7513 ~ 661 639 610 587 557
PROPERTIES
WI. per FI. 316 301 290 275 264 257 243 237 229 219 212 202
Depth d 17 16h 16 ~4 161.'2 161'2 16 1' 8 16 1.. 16~ 16}i 16 15~ 15M
Width b 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 16
Ratio r. ry 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.67 1.68 1.74 1.74 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Bending B. .180 .181 .179 .181 .181 .182 .185 .186 .185 .185 .186 .186
Faclors By .457 .464 .461 .470 .523 .531 .551 .559 .559 .563 .573 .578
Load. IM low hea~y line are for I r ~.lIo. between 120 and 200.
AMERICAN INST I TUT E 0 .. STEEL CONSTRUCTIO N
>30
y
I
COLUMNS
11
I PLATE & ANGLE SECTIONS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRI C LOADS

IN KIPS
- x
SHORT L.I1:GS CO NN ECTED T O WEB
Web !>late
.\
1'~~~.1
14 X ~18
1.~...
I
~'4.t~
11.1'_ 11140'
14x ~,.;-;=~~~;:::::;--==~
1'4''' 1 ~' 7'4'.' _"_'_'_
'.
I
16. ' .16 .... 160H 16_'" 15 .... 15.,. 15 '!
-- ----'- - ,
7 949 909 875 819 770 738 697 669 629 589 54. 507

9
944
939
904
900
871
866
815
811
766
762
73-4
730
694
690
665
660
625
621
585
58'
545
54'
504
500
'0 934 894 851 606 757 725 685 6!>5 616 576 536 496
11 928 889 855 801 751 720 680 650 611 571 531 491
12 921 882 849 795 745 714 674 643 605 565 526 486
13 914 875 842 789 739 708 668 637 598 559 520 480
906 868 835 782 732 701 662 629 591 553 513 474
14
15 m ~ = rn ill m ~ ~ 584 _ ~ _
16 889 851 818 767 716 685 647 613 576 538 499 461
17
18
~
~ = =
~
~
~
~
-
~
~
~
~
_ ~
~
~
~
=
~
~I
~
-
W
19 859 822 790 741 688 658 622 ~ 549 512 474 437
20 847 811 719 731 678 648 612 575 539 502 465 428
21 835 800 768 no 668 638 602 564 529 492 455 419
22 m ~ _ 7'0 ~ = = _ M. _ W ~
"
24
810
_
776
_
744
nl
698
~
645
~ =
616 581
~_
540 506
~ _
470 435
~
399
~
25 782 749 718 674 620 591 &i7 514 481 447 412 378
26 788 715 704 661 606 578 545 500 .68 434 400 367
27 752 720 690 648 593 564 532 486 454 421 387 355
28 736 705 675 634 578 550 519 471 440 407 374 342
29 720 689 659 619 563 535 505 456 425 393 361 329
30 703 673 643 605 548 521 490 440 410 379 347 316
32 667 539 609 574 516 488 460 407 378 350 322 294
- -- - - -
34 629 602 573 540 4S1 455 428""""383 357 330 304 278
36 M8 563 535 505 450 427"""403 362 336 312 287 262
3. ~""""529 505 """'475 428 406 382 343 319 295 271 247
~ ~ ~
40 279 256 234
PROPE RTI ES
WI. per Ft. 192 184 178 166 157 150 142 136 128 120 112 104
Depth d 15~B 15~ 1512 15,1~ 1 151~ 15 1-1 15!-I 141~ 141~ 141.j 14J1 141;
Width b 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 14'2 141~ HI"i! '4~ 14~
Ratio r~ r~ 1.75 1.76 1.76 1.77 1.83 1.84 1.84 1.85 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.93
Be nding B . 186 .\85 .186 .183 .186 .188 .187 .203 .203 .204 .204 .205
Factors By .58-=5~~.584"",-,-:.5~9~7-,-~.5~92"".~10 -",.~62~'""~.6~2~7c-'.~696,,,- .710 .725 .746 .767
Laid. below heavy II"..... for I r ratios ~tw" n 120 and:>OO.
AMERICAN I ,.,. S TITUTII!; 0 '" STEEL CON S TRUC T ION
231
y
Tgr:!
w..b+f' 1
f -- - ]
COLUMNS
ALLOWABLE CON CENTRI C LOADS

I
LL-J IN KIPS
!lHORT LEGS CO NN CTIEO TO WEO
Wub Platoo 14x ", I Hil S,.
'' ''-'-'''-'-'''-'-'''-'i -,-.,-,--", ,-~-,-I

__' ""-...- - 1--"-"-'-"1-,-"-,,,",-,,-,-,,"7,-,-,,-,-.",,,-,,-'-"""-'''-''-''''-'-'-
--1--1-- --.--
7 478 437 400 362 345 314 282 262 237 22' 198
8 475 434 396 358 340 309 2n 256 230 218 193
9 472 431 391 354 334 303 2n 248 223 211 186
10 468 427 387 349 328 297 266 239 215 20< 179
11 463 423 381 344 321 291 260 230 206 195 171
12 459 418 375 339 313 283 253 219 196 166 163
13 454 414 369 333 305 275 246 208 185 176 153
14 448 408 362 326 296 267 238 196 173 166 143
15 442 403 350 319 266 258 229 183 161 154 132
16 436 397 347 312 276 248 219 169 149 142 123
17 429 390 336 304 265 237 209 159 141 13' 116
18 422 384 329 295 253 226 199 151 133 127 110
19 41 4 377 320 286 241 21' 188 142 126 120 103
406 119
20
21 397
369
361
310
299
277
267
228
21.
202
190
176
168
135
128 112
"'
107
98
92
22 389 3~ 288 257 2li5 182 160 121 106 102 87
23 379 344 277 246 96 82
24
25
370
360
335
326
265
252
234
222
196
188
180
175
167
160
153
147
140
"'
108
103
101
95
90
91
86
78
74
26 349 316 240 214 173 153 134 98 85 82

27 336 305 232 206 166 147 129
28 327 295 224 199 159 141 123
29 315 284 216 192 152 135 118
30 303 272 209 185 146 129 11 3
31 290 261 202 179 140 124 108

32 281 254 195 173 135 119 104
33 273 246 188 167 129 114 100
34 265 239 182 161 124 110
35 258 232 176 155 119
36 250 226 170 150
38 237 213 159 140
40 223 201 149 131
PROPERTIES
WI. per FL 97.9 89.5 82.7 75.1 72.3 65.9 59.5 57.1 51.9 48.9 1'43.7
Depth d 14J.<j 14).1 14 ~"!I 14M 14 72 14 J..<.i 14 Y2 14 J..<.i 14 ~ Hli 14).1
Width b 14H 14 ~1 12uI 12'" IOU 10~' 10~ 8 18 8~ 8~ 8~
Ratio h / ry 1.94 1.96 2.3\ 2.35 2.81 2.86 2.91 3.63 3.69 3.70 3.77
Bending; B. .198 .200 .205 .207 .207 .209 .212 .212 .216 .210 .215
Fact.ors _\8 1 .736 .756 .939 .978 1.165 I.m 1.283 1.608 1.705 1.635 1.745
Load. below h .. ~y Un.;o .. for lo r rUlo. b.twM ... 120 and 200.
AMER ICAN IN S TITUTE OF S T .. I.. CONS T RUCTION
232
,
I
W~~:~ ~- ~_l
COLUMNS
'II
..JL
PLATE & ANGLE SECTION S
A LLOWAB LE CONC ENTR IC LOA DS

IN KIPS
SHORT L.EGS CO N NECTED TO WEB
I _~WC'~'~"~':"~ 1_~12"--"'Jli~._ 12 J; % 12 x !16' 12 x ~ I 12 x ~

I _:':A~~~'M~_I~"~':'~~ 1 --~--I----'
6'.~ '~'1'6'., ,,, Sx !, 6 ~. 6.4. .. --
6... ...
-------
6x4x !,
--
6 .. 6.4. ,. 6.4.<*
I ~'c"""'
~~':"~,,:"~ I c"c'c"~ 13. ~ 13 x
1 ~i 13 .. ~ 13 .. lj 13.. .,. I
1-- 1 - - - -1 - - - - - - - - --
7 936 864 785 718 651 587 522 425
,
10
8 930
923
916
859
852
845
780
774
767
713
707
701
646
841
635
582
577
572
518
513
507
488
482
477
471
44'
445
440
435
421
417
412
388
384
300
375
"
12
13
907
897
887
837
828
819
760
752
743
694
687
676
629
621
614
566
559
552
500
493
486
465
458
451
429
423
416
406
400
394
370
365
359
"" 876
864
809
798
733
723
669
660
605
596
544
535
477
469
443
435
408
400
387
380
352
345
16 852 786 712 650 f)86 526 459 425 392 372 338
17 838 773 701 639 576 517 449 416 382 363 330
18 824 760 688 627 565 507 438 406 373 354 321
19 809 746 675 615 554 496 427 395 362 344 312
20 793 731 662 602 542 484 415 383 351 334 303
21 776 715 647 588 529 473 403 371 340 324 293
22 758 699 632 574 515 460 390 359 328 313 283
23 740 682 616 559 501 447 376 346 315 301 272
24 721 664 600 544 486 433 362 332 302 289 261
25 701 645 582 528 471 419 347 318 288 276 249
26 680 626 564 511 455 404 331 303 274 263 237
27 658 606 546 493 438 38' 3i5 289~252228
28 636 585 526 475 421 373 305 2SO 255 244 220
29 613 564 506 456 403 356 295 271 247 236 213
30 58' 541 485 437"3ii7 344 285 262 238 228 206
31 564 518 467 422 376 334 276 253 230 220 19'
32 "'547 503 453 41 0 365 324 267 245 223 213 192
33 531 489 440 398 354 314 258 237 215 206 186
34 516 475 427 386 343 304 250 229 208 19' 17'
35 501 461 415 375 333 295 242 221 201 193 173
36 487 448 4()3 384 323 286 234 214 194 186 168
38 400 423 380 343 304 269 219 200 182 174 157
40 434 399 359 323 287 253 205 188 170 163 147
I ~~-~~~-~--~--- PROPERTI ES
Wt. per Ft. 191 177 161 147 134 120 108 100 92.8 87.7 SO.1
Depth d 14 14 13 ~ t3}4'1 13~i 13~ 12}4 12}4 12}41 12}1 12~
Width b 13 13 13 13 13 13 12M 12M 12.J.1! 12~ 12~
Ratio r. / ry 1.79 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.83 1.84 1.86 11.89 , 1.92 1.92 1.94
Bending j B. .225 .223 1 .222 .224 .227 .228 .249 .248 1 .249 .242 .243
Factors By .677 ,682 .694 . 715 , .741 .766 .866 .892 .917 , .887 1 .910
L.oadl below huvy line ...... for 1/_ ratio. between 120 and 200.
A M ERICA N I NSTITU T E OF S T EEL CO N ST R UCTION
233
f"x"r=.#r,'=
"~xTj COLUMNS
w
~"~==r---LI
ALLOWABLE CONCENTR IC L OA DS
'\'
-lL
IN KI PS
r-t-J SHORT LEGS CONNECTED TO WEe
7 350 312 302 290 259 240 215 189 657 GO' 540
9
346
342
338
309
305
301
298
293
287
286
282
276
255
250
245
234
228
221
209
203
'96
184
'78
172
65'
644
637
595
589
58'
035
529
523
'0
11 333 297 2., 270 240 213 189 '65 628 573 516
328 274 264 234 565
12
13
14
323
316
""
286
2., 267
259
257
250 ".",
204
194
184
181
172
162
157
'49
'40
6'9
G09
598
555
545
508
500
490
15
'6
310
303
275
268
250
24'
2"
233
213
205
173
161
152
140
-----.
130
'20
566
574
534
522
48'
470
17 295 26' 23' 224 '97 150132 113 56, 510 459
16
19
287
279
254
246 ",
210
215
205
'88
'78
142
135
125
118
'07
'0'96 1
547
532
496
482
447
435
20 270 238 '99 '94 '68 128 112 5'6 467 421
21 261 229 186 182 '58 121 '06 90 500 452 40S
22 251 220 ---;]8 ---;?4 '52 115 '00 85 482 436 393
23
24
241
230
211
201
171
164
166
160
145
139
'09
'03
95
90
8'
77
464
445
4'9 378
362
40'
25 219 191 157 153 133 98 85 73 425 382 345
26 209 '83 15' '47 '28 93 8' 69 405 363 328

27 202 177 '44 '4' 122 89 77 389 351 3'i6"'"
2. '95 17' '38 135 '17 376 339 306
29 '88 '65 133 '30 112
,OB
363 327 295
30 162 159 '27 124 351 316 285
31 '76 '54 '22 119 '03 339 306 276

32 170 '48 '17 115 99 328 295 267
33 '64 '43 11 3 110 95 317 285 258
34 '58 138 '08 '06 92 307 276 249
35 153 133 '04 '02 296 266 241
36 148 129 287 258 233

3.
40
138
129
120
112
268
251
241
225
I 2'8
204
PROPERT I ES
Wt. per Ft. 72.5 645 '633 60.8 544 520 46.8 41.6 ~ 136 124 11'
Depth d 12.\1 12J1 12]1 12 ~ 12M 12 ~ 12M 12)1 11 % 11 % 11 %
12 ~ 8~t&
Width b
Ratio r. fry
Bending B~
1.98
.244
12% 10,% 1(H.\E 103M
2.01
246
2.41
.245
2.40 1 244
.239 .242
305
BUs
.241
3.10
.244
8% 11
.249
13.17
181
263
11
1.81
.266
"
1.82
.259
Factors f By .945 .983 1.174 , 1.141 , 1.188 , 1.492 1564 1.660 794 .816 .&14
Load. below heavy line a..e for I r rat, ... ~tw .en 120 and 200.
AMERICA N INSTITUTE OF STEEl... CONSTR UCTION
234
,
COLUMNS
~j
T
~[
web+i"
PLA TE & A NGLE SEC TIO NS x---
ALLOWAB L E CON C ENTR IC LOA D S
IN K I PS
S H ORT LEGS CO N NECTEI:l TO WEB
L !-J
Web Plate
~ Angle. .5 ~ l J.i ~ J.i
' ,0 X ~ . I 10 X ~
14X,h ... . x3. U
5dJ.ix~ 5x3 H~ " 5xlj.i xj1'5J<lJ.S>, '" SxJ j.ixh ~~3. '.
~ O )[ !i
~.3' i
,
:1: eo-.ur Platea 111 . .... - - --- - - --i---'+-- - - I - -
----
II ',;
------- ,----
7 484 438 382 353 312 281 239 m 196 171 145
8 479 433 378 348 308 2n 236 217 192 167 141
9 474 426 372 343 303 272 232 211 187 162 137
10 468 422 366 337 298 267 228 205 181 157 132
11 461 416 359 331 262 223 198 174 151

.2 12 454 409 352 324
292
285 256 218 190 167 144
127
121
ii> 13 446 402 344 316 279 250 212 182 160 137 115
..,
a 14
15
16
438
428
419
394
385
375
335
326
316
308
299
289
271
263
255
243
235
227
206
200
193 153
173
163
133 11 3
152
143
130
122
108
101
93
~ 17
18
408
397
365
355
305
294
279
268
245
236
219
210
186 142
178 ---;-34 124
117 100 ----;061----"---
83
"
~
19
20
386
373
344
332
282
269
257
245
226
215
200
190
170
161
127
121
1"
105
95
90
78
74
2
21 319 256 233
~ 22
360
347 306 242 219
204
192
-179
- -152
170
-
144
115
109
100
95
85
81
70
66
~
., 23
24
333
318
-279
-
293 230
221
209
201
184
176
163
156
138
133
104
98
90
86
77
73
63
60
"
;i
25
26
-302-
289
264
255
212
204
193
186
169
163
150
144
127
122
94
89
81
77
69
65
56
54
".,

27
28
29
279
269
260
246
237
229
221
196
188
181
178
171
165
158
156
150
144
138
138
132
127
122
117
112
108
103
85
81
73
70
62
30 251 174
"
~
~
31 242
234
213 167
161
152
146
133
128
117
11 3
99
32 206 95
0
~
=>
33
34
35
226
218
211
198
191
185
155
149
144
141
135
130
123
11 8
114
108
104
100
92
88
85
36 204 178 138 125 110 96

37 197 172 133 121
38 190 167
40
I 178 156
I I
PROPERTI ES"
Wt. per Ft. 99.9 90_5 SO.O 173.6 65.0 '58.6 SO.1 147.7 42.5 37.3 131.7
10 11 tO l 1 10.l1l! lO W 10M
Depth d
Width b
1111 '" 11)j
11
1072
10'.
1072
10h
10~ 10', 10', 10). 8'. 8)< 8, .
lOj1
8)(
Ratio r./r~ 1.83 1.83 1.87 ' 1.89 1.93 1.96 1.99 2.49 2.53 2.58 12.63
Bending rB. _262 .269 .298 .297 .292 .292 .287 .286 .287 . .291 .297
Factors ) By .843 .893 1.028 . 1.053 1.064 1.101 . 1.11 1 , 1.393 1.447 1.513 1.611
Loa ds below heavy line a .... for J /r rati01l betwee n 120 and 200.
A MERI CA N IN STITU T E OF S TEEL CO N S TR UCT I O N
235
COLUMNS
J~
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LO A DS
IN K IPS
S H O RT LEGS CO NNEC TED T O WE B
Web PIlle 8x% I 8x U6 1 8x.J..{

4 Angle. I 4.3'''''1 ~.3" 1 I 4<3. '. ' 4x3.j.i 4<3. '.. I .<3X" 4<3"'" 4. l.<M i3.'2Ji .. ~1 3x2Ji.M
1- -,--- - - - - 1 - - 1 - 1 - - - - - -- - - --
5 336 288 263 204 170 13.
312 230 143
141
"'
6 331 307 284 259 226 200 167 130 110
7 325 302 279 254 222 197 16' 138 125 106
,
8 319
312
296
289
273
267
249
243
217
212
192
187
160
156
135
131
119
112
100
94
10 304 282 259 236 205 181 151 126 105 87
11 295 273 252 229 199 175 146 122 97 80

12 286 264 243 221 191 168 140 117 88 72
13 275 254 233 212 183 161 133 111 81 67
14 264 243 223 202 17. 153 126 105 75 62
192 144
: "' 98
15 252 232 212 165 70 57
16 239 220 201 181 155 135 _,_, _, _ __

, _, _ 65 53
17 225 206 188 ~~~ l l 03 85 60 50
18 210 192 175 lfX1 136 119 98 81 56 46
19
20
---'-';;--1182 ~
188 173 158
150
142
129
122
112
107
93
88
n
72
52
49
43
21 179 165 151 135 116 101 83 69

22 171 157 143 129 110 96 79 65
23 163 150 136 123 105 91 75 62
24 155 142 130 117 100 87 71 59
136 12. 95 82 68
25
26
148
141 129 118

111
106 90 78 64
"
53
27 135 123 112 101 56 75 61 50
107 82
28
29
30
128
123
117
118
112 102
98
96
92 78
71
"
107 I
.ccc--cccC--o~-CPCRc:OPERT IES
Wt. per Foot ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -~ I ~
Depth d
Width b
Ralio r. / ry
Bending; ",
~
.386
~
.385
~
~. 1.82~I 1.85~ 1.89~
1.80
.383
~
.382
-.
~
1.94
.375
~
~ 8~
1.96
.376
2.00
.371
~
2.04
.374
~
~I ~I ~
2.67
.384
~
2.73
.390
~
Factors B) 1.230, 1.263 1.297 1.337 1.370 C;;1~.4"2"1~~1.".,,

'2=-_'C.5~2C5,-~2".O"54
:o.
. _2,."'~96'1
Loa ds below heavy line are for I r tlm between 12G and 200.
AME R I CA N I N S TITUTE: O F ST E E L CO N STR UC TI O N
236
A",,"'CAN INSTITUTE OF STIi:EL. CONSTRUCTION

237
DOUBLE AND SINGLE ANGLE STRUTS
It is difficult to load double or single angle struts concentrically. Engineers

provide for eccentric conditions in various ways. Some assume that only a portion
of the outstanding leg is efficient as area: ot hers reduce the allowable load by a
percentage based on experience and past practice.
8e<:ause of these variations in practice the Committee on Manual feels that 00
useful purpose would be served by giving tables of allowable concentric loads.

Engineers will find the tabulated Properties of Two Angles on pages 133. 134. and
135 useful when designing oom]>ression members of this type in accordance with
their preferred. or the specified. practice.
AMERIC A N I N STI TUT E OF STEEL CO N S TR UCTIO N

Z38
COLUMNS
0 ALLOWABLE CON C ENTRIC LOADS

STEEL PIPE
IN KIPS
STANDA RD
,
Unbraced I ,
Nominal D,amale< W eight per Foot
Lenglll
I 10 8 6 5 4 ' 3)i 3
'M' I,' --,- - --
49.56 , 43.n 40.48 , 34.24 ' 31.20 28.55 24.70 18.97 14.62 IO.79 1 ~ 1 7.58
I
----
6 246 217 200 169 154 140 121 92 70 50 42 34
8 244 216 199 168 153 138 120 90 68 48 39 30
10 243 214 196 166 151 136 118 87 65 44 35 26
12 240 212 194
164 149 133 115 84 61 40 31 ,,-
14 237 210 190
161 147 129 35 ,.- 19
16
18
234
231
207
204
187
158
182
154
144
141
125
121
"'
109
105
80
75
70
66
51
46
3 0 23
27 20
16
14
20 227 200 178
151 137 116 100 64 41 24 17
22 222 196 , 173 , 146 133 110 95 58 37 , 21 , 15
EXTR A ST R ONG
Nom ina l D,.met.... Weight per Foot
Unbraced
L<moth 12 10 8 6 5 4 3)i 3
'M' 65.42
I 54.74 43.39 28.57
I
20.78 14.98
I
I
12.51 10.25
6 325 271 213 139 99 70 57 45
8 323 265 210 135 96 66 53 41
10 320 265 206 131 91 61 48 35
12 317 261 201 125 86 65 41 29
14 313 257 196 11 9 79 25
~
47
16 309 252 189 11 2 72 41 21
18 304 240 182 104 63 36 26 18
20 299 240 174 94 57 32 23
22 293 232 165 84 51 29
24 286 225
D OUBLE
155 77
EXTRA STRONG
47
I 26
NomInal Oiamaler- Weight per Foot

Unbraced
length
, ,
8 6 5 4 3)i 3
'M' 72.42 53.16 38.55 27.54
I
22.85 18.58
6 355 257 183 130 103 80
8 350 249 176 118 94 71
10 343 240 166 108 82 58
12 334 229 154 94 68 48
14 324 215 140 79 58 41
16 312 200 124 70 50 34
18 299 182 109 61 44
20 284 163 98 54 38
22 265 147 88 48
24 250 135 80
26 230 124 72
Load. below huyy line are lor I r .at,ol between 120 and 200 Pro pertiq of Ite,,1 from
whic" pope I. made .. u med to be thou of A S T M. A7 _36 If pope i. made of other deel .."1,,
load IIQuld be tuitably modified.
AMERICAN 1NSTITUTE OF STEEL CO N STRUC T ION
239
- -a-- COLUMN
~
BASE PLATES
I f
DIMENSIONS FOR
MA X I M UM COLUMN LOADS
ALLOWABLE BENDING STRESS
2.00 00 POUNDS PER SQUARE I NCH
, ,
Unit Pr_u,e on SuppOrt Unit Pre..",. on SuIJPOrt
Column 600 Po/JOOI per Sq. In. 800 Pound. per Sq. In.
Ma.: i_
,
Weight ,,","
., .. mom Thi<:~'-' 01 O,~. I Thiekn83S 0\ Oi_n-
NomInal
5; r.;" C<Mltmn Flange
WKith Column
,~"
Cale. F,n. Rol'd B C
Plate .iono Gro ..
~Jc. ' F,n . . RoI'd i"'"'B""C1 Wl
WI.
Plate .~
"'-
1Lb.- - 1 - -,"-
----1-1- - 1-1 -1 -I1 -In., -In.- - 1-
I.
'".
-
In. K.... In. In. I n. In. l b. In. n. In. lb.
1--1----I-I-! -1-1-1-'-,-1-1--
14:. 16 1869 '6.69~ '211 3
, 6611'" 6 . 81 ,
'" " " ,m , " ''''
6.78 ,~ ~
"" ,.'"
...... ..'"
m
"'" 16 . 645
". , " " 6 .19
"'"
" " .,,'
" "" ".
,w
...,ro'" 16 . 31
18. 12
Ism
16 . 5040
16.H5
1973
,~ ,W ,
,
6 ~i
,~
"
" " ,,,. '00
G'.
"'" ,.., 'OJ,K
,~
,~
,~
" ~"
6.25 S'i
" "
''''
..
17 .9-4
, ""
'"
'"
m
17.75
17.56
16 .420
16365
"" , 16
,~ ..
'1
5 . 95
6 'i
,~
,~
" " ""
" " ""
'"
5. 69
5.43 ,~ ,
,
.." .. ""
.... .." .....
woo
'''' ,'"... '" ,
.
17.38 16295 ,~ ~ ~ 6 , 37
""" '" ,
'"
'"'
17 . 19
17 .00
1623$
16 . 175
''''
1487
"" ..
'" ,
'K " ~
" ""
'" '"
'"
5. 05
'"" .. "" ""
'" 16.81 16.130'
"" " . ..'"
..
6.23 'K 3740 . 83 'U ,~
, "
2811
'" . '" , ' .n

,,~ .~
'U
'" 16.62 16065
"'" ...
5 . 12
, " " "'"
~
'M
16.00
1637
16025
"~ ,~
,
.
" .
. . ""
4 .95
. ro
'K
,~
.~
,~

~,
~,
. 70
4.68
.~
'K
.~
"" "" ""
.. ""
'" 1625 15 95 1219 ~ U
" ""
'" 16 , 12 15 ,910 1174
....
4_67 'K ,
,
.... ,... ....". .y. .~
" " ,,.,
,~,
no
'"
1600
15 , 81
'"'' "'"
15825H'" .,.
",., .....
.~
. . '"
.~
, ..
, " ... "'"'''' .." ." .y. .~ ~
"" ""
.~
~
,~
" " ."

~
~"
,~
'"
15. 75 ,,~
'"
= 15_63
'00' ~ 3 ,87
" "
.,'"
U , 7!iO 4 . 10 2142
.
,'"
,ro
15.liO
15_38 '"
15. 710
'''''' '"
" '" "'"
"" ..'"
''''
4.11
""
3.82
'''' .~
.~
.~
" " ''''
" " ",.
'" "" "" ""
3_95 ,~
" '''' '"

152!\ 1673
'''''' '" n,
'"
'"
15. 12
15 .00
" "'" '"
'''''' '" "" " "
3.66 ~
,~ 3 . 19
,~
,~
m
,~
" "
HM'
, .
'" 14 .88
'" '" " " "
15 515
'" . ,~
'K
" " ...'"
" " , ''''
14 75 , .~ ,~ ,~
'" ,
UliOO
"" '"
Plata, 4 Incheo thick. or under. may be flattened by pressing. Fo r platu more than 4
" "
Inchel thick, roll ed thlckne.. includes allowance lor planing t op . urfau. Addition a l allow-
ance mU l t be m.de for finishing bottom , urh,ee of base plates to be ut on grill.gel, Struc-
tural drawingllhould I how finilhed thickness. Mill ordel'l Ihould Ip.i fy rolled thi c kn ess.
Above bau plate size. eo mputed by m e thod g iye n on pag e 137.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I O N
240
COLUMN I<--'~
r::J BASE PLATES

DIMENSIONS FOR
I
MAXIMUM COLUMN LOADS
ALLOWABLE BENC1NG S TR ESS
f
2.00 00 POUNDS SQUARE INCH
"E"
Unit Pr_ ..e on Sv!>1IO"1 Unit Pross ..... on SuptlOO't
.
Column 600 Pounel I*' Sq. In. 800 Poundl per Sq. I",
M oj I
Nom inal W"ght De!>th I"
W,dth
m,m
Column
Th oek_
Plate
0( O,men-
.i"",, Oro..
nuckneSi of
Pl ate
O'me .....
,10'" Gro..
Calc Fin, RoI'd B I C Calc, IFIn. Aot'd B C

Load
Sill /:, Column Flange
WI. , WI.
I-c-- - - - -In - - -In.- -

In lb. ~ Jn l"""j-;;:- '-;;- "j";;- 1"Lb
'". " In In.
--- --- K'pi In In
-------- - --1---1-
on 3 . 1~ 1111 2 .81 3 J 28 30 714
, ,
14. 14}i ,~ 14 . 75 14740 lJ.i l}i 12 35
'" 14 .62 14 690

". ,.'" ". on
" " "'" '" , , " "
~
.. , , " " '"

.. 00 14 650 '.M ,~ ,~ .~ 2 .61
'" '" , , " "
" "
,. ~ ~,
'" 14 37 14620 ~,
'" , , " " '"

" "
,~ ,~
'231 ,~
''" 14 25 14 575 ,~
, , " " '" 'U ,~
, , " " '"

2 . 12
" 14 12 14 !\'IS
"~
"" 245
, , " " '"
..
1.95
" 14 .00 ,~ 219
" " '" " " '"
14.12
14.,0
~
"
"
14 . 18
14.06
14 19
..
12 0'23
"
10072
'"
'"
'" '"
2 . 15
'U,~
".
,~
'U
'U
'U
" "
" "
" " '"
,
, ,~
L" ,
, , " "
'U
2 . 12
, " ,."
,." , , "
,~
'"
on
'"
'U
" " '" ,.M , , " " '"
,~
" 14.06
'" , ,
10 .040 2.25
, ".
. " " '" , " "
13 .91 10. 000
"
14.8 14 .06
.."" ,,,'" ,, ""n ,, ,
, " " on LOO ,
,." , , " "
,..
.." 13.94
13.81
8 .062
....
8.031
,~
, ,
"" , " 'Ii
, " "
" "
'"
,,, .
,. , , " "
, , , " '"
'",ro
13.68
" " '00
" " " '"
,.," '" " 'Ii
,
12 X 12 H .38 12 . 670 ." ."
...
,~
, " ..
~
~'" " ,.
3 .93 M
'M'
H' ,." "
.
,~ ,,~
14. 12 12615 M
'00
,
.
'", 13.88
13.62
12. 515
12 400 '"
".
,~
'.M

,." "
"
""
"" ,." 'U " "" ""
, .~ 1124
'"
-
'"
'"
'"
"
1338
13.12
12. 88
12 . 7 ~
12. 365
12 . m
12.230
12 . 190
,~
~,
.
'",
.."
,
3 .16
,,, 'Ii
,
, "
2.74
,
,~
'Ii
, "
'Ii
, "
" "
"
"
"
-, , "
'""
, , "
'U m "
'"
,.,
,,. "
3 . 1~
2.93
'Ii 'U
2 . 57
2.44
"
"
"
"
."
'"
..
'",
"
"
12.62
12.50
12. 1M
12. 10!1 ... ,." 'U , ""
." ,. ~
,
2.41 "
"
'U
'" "
'00 ' Ii ,,. "
'"
2 .45
2.12 ,~ ,~
"
'"
,."
"n 12.38 12.080
'" ,,, " ,~
" , , ""
,~
'"
12 .
25 12.040
1
,~
, , "
2 . 14 ,~
" '" I." , , " '"

" ,
12.12 12. 000
'" '" " " I I." ~
prate. 4 inch" thick. or under, mar be nattened by p ..... ing. For plat" mOr<! than 4
" " '"
Inch u thick, rolled thickn e .. includu al owance for planing top s urface. Additional allow_
ance mUlt be made for fini s hing bottom .u rfa c. of !oN pluea to be aet on grill_gu o Struc-
tural drawing_ .hould .how finished thlcknes.. Mill ord ..... hould Ipeeif), rolled thicknUI.
Above ba .. plate .I ~e. computed b), method giYen on page 137.
241
--,-- COLUMN
I 1 BASE PLATES
DIMENSIONS FO R
r::::;;
I MA X IMUM COLU M N LOA DS
AL.LOWABLE BEN DI NG S T RESS
2.0000 POUNDS PER S QU ARE INCH
Unit Preteur. on SUPIIOI'I Un,l Pr""",. on Support

Colu"'n
MalIi_
m.m
600 Pound. per Sq. In .
I 800 Pound. per Sq. In.
I
., Tllockneu of O,men- ThICk_ 01 0,,,,,,....
- "'-
No",ina! Weight Cepth Width Colu"'n Plate 1,0ns OroSI Plate " "M
r.:;,
.
,~.
Size W, W,
Column Flange , C __ clle. 1FIn. Rol'd .~ ~
... ... ,.. ,. c..!c' I~
K," - In- ----
In. In. In In Lb
Rot d
In In. In. In
- 1 - - - --.----- -
In
,,.
12 x 10 M
"
"
12.31
12. HI
12 .06
10.060
tOOH
10000
'"
'"
'"
".
,
,
,
. ,,
M
,~
,
, n ",.
,~
, '" "
, "
..
on , , , '" '" '"
,~
, " , , "" "'"

, ,
1.~2
',ro"
,~ ,~
-
,..""
...
12 8 00 1. ~8
12. 19 8 .077
,
M
, , " " '" " " n.
" "11 . ...94 1..5
". . " 'H 'H " "

,~ ,~
'H " " '"

8J)42
"
" '" 1. 44 ,~
" " " " ''''

10.10
'" n .. ."
1O.~75 '.M " " ,~
337
" ". ,~
'" '"
'" n
" 10 . 505
""M. '"
,~
,,.'H " " 1015

'" , , "
,~ ,~
" ' 00
.
n
, , " " '" 'ro , , "
295
" ='"
3.15 ,~
'" " 10415

'00
"
"
n
"
10 .88
10 .62
10.345
10 . 215
10 . 195
.~
m
~ ,.. ,
2.97
2 . 40 ,~
, " "
,,. "
,~ ,." "
"" 'M , , "
."
." U ,~ ,~
" "
"
'" "n
- M"
..
" 10. 50
10 . 38
10.170
10 . 117 '"
'"
".
'.00
2. 21
,~
,~
,,. ",. ,.
,~ " " '" ". ".
'"'" '"
,." , ,
,~ ,~
,~ '" '"
,.
" '"
'"
"
10.25
10. 12
10,015
10.028
'"
....
2 . 11
,
,~
,
,
, '" "n
,
, , ,
n, ,'" , ,
~, " " '"
" " '"
" 10.00 10,000 .~
, '" '" " , , " " '"

1 0~ 8
.
" 10 . 12 .. '"'" ,.......
....
.."
,
, , "" '" ....
"" ,." , , " " 'M
10 ,00
'",n , ,,. ." " '"" '" , " " '"
" 9.88 7 .978
,- '" "" n. , "
,~
>< '" ,,.

,~
" " " .
... "
"
9.75
' . 00 8.287
'.m '" ,."
2.43 ,,.'"
,~
" "
". " ,." MO '" ,
'"
,~
,~
, '" " '"

,~
" "
..
" 8.75
.00 ""
'" ,, "
8 . 117 ' .00
,~
,
,
,
, '"'" '"
'" '" , ,n , , " " '"
'00
.. "" " '"

" 8 .25 8 .077
'" , , , " '" '" , ,,. ,~
>< " '"

,~
"
" .....
8 . 12 8.027
....'"'" , ""
8 ,012
". " ,,.'" ,,. " "".. '"n, , " ,,. ,~
" "
" '" ,,. ><>< ">< "
,~
" ,,.'" ">< " '" , " "

00
,
,."
" ... '"
>< ><
" ,
'" '" " " - -"
' .M
H. " ">< "
Bl6J.i 6.~8 ,~
"~ .~ '" .~ ,~ " ,~
'" '"
Plates 4 inch" thick. Oe und ee. may be flattened by pr,,*slnll. For plat ... moee than 4
Inches th ic k, roUe d th ickne .. include. allowance fo e planlnll top . "rlaco. Add itional allow_
ance mU l t be made for fini.hing bottom . urlace of ba.e plata to be ut on grillall". Struc_
tural drawings Iho uld ,how finilh ed thickness. Mill orde .... I h ould lpecily rolled thickneos.
Above ban plate .i u l computed by method given on palle 137.
>42

"A" SER I ES
rnrn ALLOWABLE LOADS IN KIP S
I;~"
R IVETS %" HOLES
Rivet.
R;veta
." '"
~
Ma.lmum RNction
Oulala n<!"'11
'- '"
Web leg.
to
.
..,.
.,,.".
""
o. No. Shea, e...""11 She
,--- Section R
'.
-" --
T'
A 10
'0
~"
20 180.4 350 t 180.4 36 '/oF (all weights) 180.4
,.
'.
t _ thick_
"'u
.
"
00
2~4"3t,,!O .~.
---
..
,-
~'i
.'
<0

"
0,
'r
A9
2':Z-f'
18 162.4 315 t 162.4 33 '/oF (all weigh ts) 162.4
,.."
or
E'
D,
.~~
0' 2L! 4x3 k"h-
...K:'
""
"0
"
.<: ......
.. " 0.>
,. J...
"""~
.....
--~:::o"
.......
..., .. - a.
:;;:~
A8
t6 144.3 280 t 144.3 30 \/oF (all weillhts) 144.3
..... u .. c
C . .:;-:;
u, . ~ ".
""':S. -:;.E:; 2L! 4><3! ... -h
-- I
II]
uj"c'"
-:~ ;~
<- .... 27 W 177 to 106 126.3
,~;;
A7
"t o.
~:oz
<: .E ..
c _
:
14 126.3 245 t 126.3 98
91
122.5 f
118.3t
-$n .~
t:"Og
0 " Il l! 4xst,,11
c o ....
0:5 .. 0 --
~d.~ 11.
24 W 160 10 120 108.2
107.1 t
'r:5ii E
J! .. "0 e
.
-
100 98.3t
: .. o. 94 108.4 t
<""E 87 too.St
:I ~ii"
:
._" ' , 12 108.2 210 t 108.2 eo 95.6t
.. ;; &~ A8 m 7. 9O.3t
< 0
1- 00
.,
. " '""
..
z: ilL! 4 .. at"n 241 120 to 85
79.9
108.2
105.0t
t1'lIe valutS tabulated for thege connectioN have been rWuoeci to t"'- permitted by web bear ing or web ,he..,.,
whe~ver the lauer lOve .....
See "ag e. 156 t o'sa fo r weight. of Standard Connection. and min i mum ."a n. to which a""llcable.
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCT I ON
243

" A" SERIES
ALLOWABLE LOADS 'NKIPS rnm
R IVETS ~" HOLES I~" "
Rivet. in
Rivet.
I
O~I-
Maximum R&/Ictian
." stand,ng
'"
Web Leg.
.. A5
,0
. ''''
m
"'
o-
oN
- --
No. Shoat Bearing SM. Sectoon R Sect,O"
I R
< 21W"142 to 89 90.2 21 \/oF 63 71.6t

"
."
.,
"..,
~.
"-0
21!4~3{-xh
00 90.2
-
175 t
t _ !hick_
01 web
90.2
82
73
68
87.3t
79.6t
59
75.3t 20 I 100 to 70 90.2
65,4 87.5t
68.3t
..., ":;
":8
00
<0
0,
- ---
18W"12410105 7'2.2 16 \foF 71 68.0t
'X 96 71.7t 64 62.0t
"E'
."
.0
85
77
72.2t
66.5f 50 " 57.0t
!>J.2t
'.
~l::
70 61.3t 45 48.4t
.i:'... A4 lru
64 56.4t 40 43.0t
.. !
55 54.6f 36 419t
50 SO. 1 t
fN 72.2 1401 72.2 47 49.0t 18 1 701060 72.2
.0.
<- 54.7 64.4t
z'B a.,; 2L! 4x3!x t
16W"1l4 to 96 72.,
88 10M 151751050 72.2
~f~';: 1 78 72.2t 45 63.3t
: l:;::: 42.9 57.4t
"f"'-c.
"
"fu,"
..... s::-
",t ._" --
. '.. .. .
~-o~""
liE
"' .... -1;
14W" 42
38
35.5t 121551045
32.9t 4<l.'
54.'
48.3t
A' ru
34 30.2t 35 44.9 t
"! .. .. '"
-:
- .... "' . 6 54.' 105 t 54.'
30 28.4t 31.8 36.8t
: j;~ 12V>F 36 32.0t
f'o z 32 28.7t
",,"::
. -o. -
2L! 4xS t><}
28&' 25 25.2t
C ~ C
~t!.~ --
hU lOW" 29
26
36.1 10i (All weighls) 36.'
34.1 t
A2 ~
C.c"
0 .. . ""
U c Co.
0
23 31.2t 8 [ 25.5 10 20.5 36.'
.~ ~~{ 4 36.' ,4<l t 72.2' 8W" 21 " 30.9t
26.8 t
18.4 28.1 t
.x::~~ 19 25.7 t
00
: "0 . 21! 6><4 .. t 11 23.9 t
"" E
, t"i"
u.x --
AI . (
u ..
~a:; 7 I 20 and 17.5 18.0 5 I 14.75 &.12.25 18.0
1- . - !I.
.....,
00
o
21! 6 .. 4 .. t
2 18.0 70 I 36. 1'
15.3 17.5t
6117.25&.14.75 18.0
'0 13.7t
12.5 16.1 t
"'l1>eAe valuea are theon:ti<:al. 1bey cannot !;w:o :.tta;,-.,d by .... ~bo of any of the listed !;w:oams.
tTt.. val""" tabulated r.... tboese connections have bet!n reduced to thoee pcnniHed by .... ~b bearini ........ eb
shear, wherever the laner govern .
See Pllll" IS1i to 158 for weighUc of Standard Connection a and minim"m a pan. to which applicable.
A .... ERICAN I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
244

"B" SERIES
illill RtVETS ~"
ALLOWA B LE L.OADS IN KIPS
HOl.ES '!.<A"
RiYflu
;. RiYflI.
~:!
,-
Ouuland,ng
'"
Web Legs
Muimum Ruction
-.,."
"1
,.. , Sh_
",
R
l~ B 10
,. -- - -
Shear 80111"1/ Section
.--..,
..,.
~.=
a

.
2~ 4~ 3txh
2{) 132.5
-
300 t
t _ thick_
of web
132.5 36 \/IF (all weights) 132.5
-..., -
.~
'0
..

--
"
'
~
0
I
00
..,. B 9 2'2t"
.,
Z.
E';:;
T 18 119.3 270 t 119.3 33 W (all weights) 11 9.3
00
~ .!
..,..
2~ 4 ~3t"n
&~ ---
"~
zi
1
,..,
-"
:!l

~~
0"
B

r 16 106.0 240 t 106.0 30 W (all weights) 106.0
-"..
"
o !l1!4 x 3 ! .. h
~::
--
-
..( 3
'"
,>
.-
.,,.
'0
"0
0"
';OJ::
d
0,
B
71J-1
2 1!4>c 3 i x 1i
14 92.8 210 t 92.8 27 \/oF (all weights) 92.8
0
-- - - --
'~z~
.""
m
m
'. ".
.HI!
~:::
.
=~ B
12 79.5 180 t 79.5
24 W 160 1080
74
79.5
nA t
.'.,."
I- _'Q.
0 24 I (all weights) 79.5
;:;.!:
21! 4x3 t''lr.-
tTh~valu,," ubulatoo fQr u _ """"""lion. I\.w e oo.n rcduad to those pcnnitted by ,",'eb bearing or web shear.
wherever the latter govern .
See pagel 1S6 to 158 for weig htl 0 1 SUndan;! Con nection. and minimum apa n. to whiCh appliuble .
AMERICA N INSTITU T E OF STEEl... CONS TRU CT I O N

245

"8 " S ERIES
RIVET S
ALLOWABLE LOADS IN K IPS
," HOI...S 1;16"
rnm
"'
R,,,,,ls In
Rlve\.l
....
Oul-
!~
I
M uimurn R_lIon
Bllndillg
'"
Web Leoo-
"
0 - --
No. Shear Be;o,,,,g
.~
1~ ---
Shur
--
Sechon
1_"_ Sech<m
-- "
,-
jF.fr
--.'..-,
,-
.0
'.
'-
.0
S 5
.1
2~4M3{-xh
10 66.3
.."
150 I
I _ t hl~~_
of Wilb
66.3
211/oF142 to 73 66.3 201 (all weights) 66.3
68
63
64.Sf
61.5f
59 58.5t
~~
' ..
.
0_
o.
<i 1- --I 1--
.0,;,.
' 0
18W"124 to 77 53.
7.
.-
'0
.,
,.
64
55
52.6t
48.4 t
46.8t
..
0<
>0
50
47
43.0t
42.0 t 181 (all weights) 53 .
OCt'
';; S 4
i' 8 53 . 120 I 53.
.'
""....
16W"114 to 64 53 . 151751045 53 .
58 48.8t 42.9 49.2 t
21! 4x3!". 50 45.61
<" 45 41.5
:s~ 40 36.8t
"
.,...
~i
,
--
36 35.9t
o
'0 14 W42 30At
l
38 28.2t
34 25.8t
-.!! s s$Jjr
.(3 6 39.8 9111 39.8
12 W- 36
30 24.3t 12 I 55 to 40.8
27.5t
35
39.8
38.Sf
'" 31.8 31.5t
.,'...
t!
';
2L! 4 ><3fxl 32
28
25
24.6t
21.6t
21.6t
,-.,
0'
-;:;'"
0<
i- - f - - -I --
0_
o.
o.
.~=~
-.
~,"
.m]
S 1
4 26.5 120 I 53 .
10W(all wis.) 26.5 IOI { all weights) 26.5
aW21
19
26.5
25.7t 81 (all weights) 26.5
. -.
; 11::
!D fll.
2~ 6 . h i 17 23.9t
,
,-
.0. - - 1 1-
.--.-.0. 'M' (
<.-
t- _a. 71(all weights) 13.3 5114.75 &. 12.25 13.3
S
2 13.3 601 26.5 I. 12.6
.'
0-
2l! 6,,4,,1-
61(all weights) 13.3
tThe values tabulated foc these connections have ~n ..... d~ to U..- permUled by ,,cb beanng or web ohcar.
whf,",vcr the lalter gOvcrns.
See p,;Ig . . 156 to 158 for welghtl of St~n dar<l Connection. and m inimum Ip,;Inl to Wh ich app licable.
AMERICAN IN S TITUTE OF STE;EL CONST RUCTION

2 46
STANDA RD BE A M CONNECTIONS
" H" & " HH " SERIES
rnm RIVETS
ALLOWABLE LOADS IN KIPS
J1i" H OLES U16"
.
-
R,vet.i~
OutAtand"'lI l eg. R lv&1I In
Ma .. mum Reaction
~;.<:: Web Leg"
"'

"'

r - -
N .
H
Sh"""
HH
- s....in~
No. Shear
--
She.r Se<t'on
,
- -,
H
, HH
:' ':.1 2'111 I
, ,
-n - It
"" 20 235.6 40 360 8 560 t 288 6 36 V'F (all weights) 235.6 288.6
0 0
1" R;""II
In 0. . Legs 1
fo. H IO
r only
I --
.
~;.<::
I
---- --
"'
.;1 I
"'

jj 2'2i
18 162.4 36 324.7 490 252.6 33 W 240 to 141
132
162.4 252.6
162.4 250M
--
, ,
""
n
I
M .25 162.4 244.5 1
.
;..<:;.<::
- 1- - -- --
"'
mr=f
"'
16 144.3 32 288.6 420 216.5 30 '/oF 210 to 116 144.3 216.5
:.:.
,
"" I'"if' .oa 144.3 212.4 t

n
.
~~
r
- - - - - --- - -
~l+(
"'
14 126.3 28 252.6 385 t 198.4 27 \/IF 177 to 114 126.3 198.4
".
""
.06
98
126.3
126.3
188.8 t
175.51
""
"n
. 9. 126.3 168.51
r - - - - - --- --

;s:;:::: 24 VoF 160 10 140 108.2 180A
.30 108.2 178 1f
"'

.20 108.2 175.7 1
12 108.2 24 216.5 350 180.4
ttO 108.2 160.2 t
':I:' '00 108.2 146.0 t
~~

n
I
ru.... 'H
' Not e for all Connections :
94
87
80
74
108.2
108.2
108.2
108.2
162.91
150.8 t
142.0 t
133.4 t
m
Where some o f the rivets in ou ts tanding legs frame 0R(X)Site,
t hrough a plate less than %" thick, redut-e above va ues for
outst.1nding legs by 2.19 nk. where n - nu mber of rivets framing
~)POsite and k - num ber o f sixt eenths by which t is less tha n %" .
= Ole that value of rivets in web legs may st ill control. Above
formula for %" rivets only.
tThe ,..lues lahulat~-d fO<" theoie l)OT1ne<:uon~ have heen r<!dua:d 10 th",oe permil1~-d by web hn<ing or web
~ht"" r.
where, .". Ihe laller RO\erns.
See pag es 156 and 1 51 fo r weights of S t a ndard Co nnect ion . and min i mum span . to whi c h appl ica ble.
AMERIC " N I N S TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
247
STANDARD BEAM CONNEC TIONS

" H " & " HH" S ERI ES
ALLOWABLE LOADS IN KIPS
RIVETS %"
Rivets in
Outstandi"ll Leg. R, .... ts In
Web leg. M"" imum Reaction
H HH
No. Sit..., No. She... Bearing She., H HH
21 W 142 to 122 90.2 144.3

112 90.2 143.9t
103 to 89 90.2 1<14.3
10 90.2 20 180.4 280 t 144.3 82 90.2 135.3 1
H S 2l! Q~4~r.
73 90.2 125.6t
HH C;2l! 6><6"fe 68 90.2 118.1t
.;
i 1-----------------1 63
59
. - - - - - - - --i'-c:-:-:::c-:c---I-c::---c- , - -
90.2
90.2
111.91
106.0f
,, 18 'IF 124 72.2 144.3
,
~
114
105
96
85
72.2
72.2
72.2
72.2
142.9 1
131.91
120.9 1
125.3
o 77
70
72.2
72.2
112.Q
102.5 t
! 64 72.2 93.6 t
o 55 72.2 91.91
z
50 72.2 83.8 t
; 47 72.2 81.4 t
8 72.2 16 144.3 280 t 144.3
16 W 114 72.2 136.5 1
105 72.2 125.1 t
H 42L! 6><4,, 1- 96 72.2 113.5 1
HH 4.2L! 6.6,,} 88 72.2 105.9f
78 72.2 112.2 t
71 72.2 102.1 t
64 72.2 92.1 t
58 72.2 83.9t
50 72.2 80.31
45 72.2 72.5f
40 63.9f 63.91
36 61.6 t 61.6 t
1-------1-- -- - -- - ---I-,.---,-,""-=-.,---2- --I--:...-,-, 1--,-62,---.6---'j
@J]
38 54.1 57.S f
8*"
~
34
30
52.21 52.2 t
48.6 t 48.6t
0
6 54.1 12 108.2 210 t 108.2"
H32L! 6><4>< t
12 W 36
32
48.51
43.0
1
HH32l! 6"e"t 28 37.4t
25 37.01 ,
.. H ,- and ,. HH Connections are not treated as standard by all fabricators. When

II
so treated, the web rivets must be retained in number and position as shown in these
sketches. Those fabricators who treat any connection hea VIer tha n the ., A series as
special, detail both field and shop rivets according to the j::eneral principles given on
page 248. Whereas some fabricators fabricate ,. A" and" B" connections b}' Symbol
withou t detail drawings... H ... H H , and special connections must always be detailed
for all fabricators.
--rhis value is theoreti",,]. It cannQt be altained by lhe web. of a ny of the lined heams.
n ne values tabulated lor these COI>"""lionl have beo!n reduced to tholoe permil lM by web ~arink or ,,eb
.he.~r.wherever the latter gover ....
See P:aIl U 156 and 157 fo r we ights of St:and:a,d Connections and m ini mum . pan. to wh ich applic:able.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONS TRUCTION
>48
SPECIAL BEA M C O NN ECTIONS
m RIVET S %" HOL.ES 1 ~!6"
Examples below Ill ustrate m ethod. 01 dulgnl n g co n -

"ections for beams wi t h ructio"s too 1,,'1iI' t o be
carried by standard connectionl.
Single shear in outstanding leg ...................... ........ ... ........ ... 9.02 Kips
Value of Enclosed bearing on web ......... .... 35.0 t Kips
One Rivet I>. laximum (double shear) ... .... ... ..... ,.. .18.04 Kips
Min;n,um web thickne81 "t" to de"clOj) d .... ble .hear __ _.O.515incb.
When web "t" is less than .515" it may occur that SLandard Con-
nections. pages 242 and 243. provide sufficient shear cap.,city in outstanding
legs but insufficient web bearing capacity. This is particularly true of
American Standard Beams for which Series .. H" and .. t-I Ii " Connection
Angles are not provided. In such cases use 6" leg to web and add web
rivets to make the web capacity equal to the shear.
T hi n Webs 21 'IF 59 t -.39"
., r
+
"~, Shear: 90.0 Kips
~= 11:+ , o. S. Le~ (10 Rivets) - 10 X 9.02 _
10 1 : 90.2 !"ips
<,'
r lli:t Web Legs _ 90.0 _ 6.6 Rivets

,.
35 X .39
"'Jwa~.15t-l "J" The ...-CD rivet. may be a""flged ~" .how ..
2 ........ y. ifl the .ketch or Sl.3ndarn Con"""tion II!> """!.
1M lauer reqUiring one add'lion31 .hop rivel.
When, as by rea son of short span or heavy loading, t he shear exceeds

the shear capacity of Standard Connections. increase outstanding legs to
6". and obtain necessary number of rivets from values at top of this page.
(In exceptional cases. it rna}' be more economical to delHil 6 x 4 angles
as illustrated above, increasing the rivets in outstanding legs to 1".)
Heavy
Shea rs 2.1 'IF 74 t-.oI3"
, or
""!'
l- ,.i~
Shear: 125.0 K ips
o. S. Legs:
~.
+-
! '0
_ 125 _ 13.9 Rivets
<.' : 9 .02

U
Web: 125
A..... ~. 5l' - 8:3 Rivets
35 X .43
," .
,
.~~ '~i'ij'" 14". 12" lo"- e"
-I[] ID
7". e M_ 5"
~
. : - ~_"1:
O ne-sided
Hi .,
,.,
Connections II> ,r'
llwa~ 2';' !2t~ e.o ' .0 COCItlclo""
Avoid. where practicable, and do not use for beams over 18". Foe
C31)3.city, mul tiply least value of one rivet by coefficient shown. For gages
other t han those ;;oown. the coefficients will va ry and must be checked.
All the above conn ect Ion, a re specisl and mU l t be d ot alled.
AMER I CAN IN S TITUTE OF ST EEL C ON S TRUC TION

249
SPECIAL BEAM CONNECTIONS

RIVeTS U" HOL.ES lJ{t"
Examples below lIIutt ... te method. of designing eon-

nection. for beam. with react ions too 11",'g, to be
ffim
e.,d~d by Stand .. "" "B" Connections. In cert.in
cuu, it m.~ be economic.1 to use Standard "A"
onnection. with '. " .;veu.
,
Singie shear in outstanding leg .............................................. _....... 6.63 Kips
Value of Enclosed bearing on web . .._........... _......................................30.0 t Kips
One Rivet Ma~imum (double shear) . ....._........... 13.25 Kips
'
I Minimum weh thick ncos " \" 1<> deve lop double shear .. 0 .442 inch.
When web .. t" is less than .442" it may occur that Standard '013"
Connections, pages 244 and 2 15, provide suflicient shear capadlr in out-
standing legs but insufficient web beilring cap.1city. [n such cases use 6"
leg to web and add web rivets to make the web capacity equal to the shear.
12 \/oF 25 t - .24"
Thin Webs
"", Shear: 30.0 Kips
orr
Jj'0
"
<i.."
. .. ~ 1I11
.T ,r\ O. S. Le~s (6 Rivets) - 6 ); 6.63 -
39.8 Kips
30.0
.
Web Legs 30 X .2-1 - 4.2 Hivets
'" Alway' 5 2~' 2 '"Alwar-
TN! web rivel. may be arranged aa l ho"'n
in the $ket~h forSt~nllaro CoontiooI13. JXlRe
247. fe(juiring one additional . hop rivet
When. as by reason of short span or heavy loading, the shear e);ceeds

the shear capacity of Standard Connections. increase outstanding legs to
6". and obtain neGessary number of rivets from values at top of this page .
Heavy 24 \/oF 74 t - .43"
1~
Shears
'll". r
Shear: 90.0 Kips
." 90.0
;;;,~ , O. S. Legs:
6-:-63 - 13.6 Rivets
AIWa y.l!! " Web Legs:
90.0
30.0 X .43 - 7.0 Rivets
-
All th6 above ~on n e~tlon. are '!Melal and must be det"n ed.
For on6 sided ~onn*"tion' with "' '' rivets. the .... me Information lIiven for ' 0" "vet. p. 248.
appllu.
A M E;RI CA N I N STITU T E O F STE;E I.. CON S TR UCT I O N

250
STIFFENED BEAM SEATS

(OP "'n,l. 4~ {~."ln.1I c_
- -
I~
Flit"" UII" n .. "
"f l ,_'_"C'-l"
f"""f~-l*.j--__-".'-""
00 -.
,.,.
5t,lfene' Anol ... ~; t yot WeIght 01
Smgle No. of R,~a""", Con"",;tlon
R,vet
oilm-
ole, O~
Ri",,!
R"eta
,n One
,~
s .... or
Se.1 Angle
Outltan\hng Leg
Lilted For.!
SIt. BN"nu
Val"" of
Two Angle.
G:r
""III..
ow.
In 1<11"
O~ ow,
CO.
O~
in KIps StIff. SIlII. StIff. S\,ff.
- - - --
'".. - - -29-+--
- - -
-3- ~ x ~ 3M X 3 X ~ !I> 51 1~ 40
3M 3 l~ 53
4
4
6)(4)( 1/
6x4x Ys
8
3% K 4
II
,
X 5\&
51
51 2J.> 38
35
42
4 6)( 4)( ~ 3)1 )( 5 51 3J.> 31 48
5 6x4x Ys 3)1 )( 3 )( 7'16 71 1~ 66 47
5 ~ 3 }Al )( 4 X 5 1& 51 2J.> 51 49
, '.
6 X 4 X
6)( 4 )( I 3~ X 5 1 .1
~It 6.63 5
6
6
6x4x Ji
6)( 4)( Ys
3J1 ~ 3
3)1 X 4 ,,,.
' J.>
51
81
71
3
IX
2J.>
43
60
65
40 "
59
66
37
)( a~ 3J.>
6
7
7
6x4x Ji
6)( 4 x ~
6 x4 x I
3)1)( 5
3)1 )( 3
3)1 )( 4 ~~
61
91
81
1~
2J.>
"
93
79
46
39
70
70
78
42
48
- - - - 3- 7 6x4x Ys 3)1 x 5 xi. 71
6-
' - 1~-
3.%
~ --I~ - -
6)( 4 )( Ys 3)1)( 3 , ~ 54 35
4
4
4
6)( 4 )( Ys
6)(4x l -'8
6)( 4 II ~ii
3)1)(
3)1 )(
372)( 5
3
4 )dl&
( .I.
xlie 71
51
51
1~
2J.>
3J.>
n
50
42
36 44
47
53
31
~.' 9.02
5
5
5
6)(4xYs
6)( 4)( Ys
6)( 4 )( Ys
3)1 x 3
372 )( 4
3M )( 5
,,,.
dfa
, ~
91
71
61
1~
2J.>
3J.>
90
69
59
45 59
63
67
37
6 6)( 6)( Ys 5 )( 3J.i x !1e 106 1~ 108 54 73 46

6 6x6x Ys 4 ,4 2J.> 88
'J.> 95 81 51 44
6 6xSx Ys 4 ,6 x!~ 83 3J.> 77 38 95 61
7 6x6x Ys 5 )( 3J.<.! II J1 122 1~ 126 63 89 54
6)( 6 )( Ys 2J.> 107 54 97
--
7
7
3
6)(6)( N
6 x4 x ~
4
4 x6 " X 9{6
llJ.1
3~ x 3M x 1111 1 71
106
95
2 71 43
60
3J.> I ~ ~ 1 ~_7_'_
3 6 J( 4 x ~ 3J.'2 x 4 , ~ 61 2J.> 44 45
4 6x4 xH 3.\1 x 3J.i x ~ 91 2 94 47 58 39
4 6x4x~ 3M x 4 x 1 71 2J.> 67 58
6 x4 xH 3M x 5 x ~ 3J.>
1" 11.78
4
5 6 x6 xH 5 x 3~ x M
61
122
,J.> 95
2 118 59 74
2J.> 91
61
47 "
x6 x ~ 45 76
5
5
6
6 x6 x
4
4 ,6 x 7\6
5 x3Mx ~
" 83 3J.> 77
2 141
38 88
50
58
6
6
6
6
6
6
x6 x ~
x6x ~
x6 x ~ ,
5 ,5 ,
, 5 X .716
137
122 2J.> 115
71 91
101
106 ~ , 100 , 50 , 98
62
62 " "
Effective length 01 bur;ng asl umed 'A Inch leu than length of out.tanding lell.
Capacitl are baud On riv ets In .Ing'e .hear. Rivu yalUOIlhould b. lnvutlgated for burl ng
when ..."te connect to thin material or when leat. on opposite . idea of " carrying member ""VI
riVilts in common.
Torsion on rivet \I'oups i. figured for gages 2.", Inehe. and over (Case I 24), and only
rivets through stiff." ..... are counted. For capacities between . tiff."e. gag 0 2'rio and 3".; Inches.
I2go
Inten,'''te.
or "apacitiea unde. 35 kip. un.ti ffened seat a"gln ohould b. uled. (See page 155),
Weight of connection Inclu d es top "nd seat angles. fiUe ..... tiffene ... and rivets hown In
.ketch. and , hoLlld be Ll sed lor utlmat,ng purpose, only. Length of top and ... at angleo a ..Llmed
4 in ches greater than the di . unce between rivet linn. ""eept for , t iffen",.. with 6 In ch 1"11 for
Which th" I"ngth I, "saLlmed,.. 12 Inches.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CON S TR UCT IO N
251
PINS
A REAS AND W EIGHTS
VALUES IN SHEAR , BEARING AND BENDING
, Bearing A iltinll
Walght per root She~r
, ~n Stool
I
Moment
D,ameter Area "",~
"
Pin "
s.ct.,on RO"llh
Turned F,n ,.he<!
M odul",
5
S,ngle
15,000
Pound.
Double
15,000
Pound.
I 1 I r.ch Thick
"."
Pound .
."
Pouoo.
per Sq, I ....
P8f SQ. In. per Sq. In. per Sq. In.
c.. c..
--
". -
In._ In.' K iPS KiPS
-
Kip" Kip l nella
I .79 2.67 .10 11.8 23.6 32 3.0

1)4 1.23
,-n
:-:::-:::-: :: !
....._...........
4.17 .19 18.4 36.8
53.0
40
48
5.7
9.9
1)i 6.01 .33 2<;.'
... _...........
'" 2.41 8.18 .53 36.1 72.2 56 15.9
2 3.14 . . _ 1 10.68 .79 47.1 94.3 64 23.7

...._...........
;~
3_98 13.52 1.12 59.6 119.3 72 33.6
4.91 -------------1 16.69 '-53 73.6 147.3 80 45.9
2% 5.94 .... __ ......... 20_20 2.04 89.1 178.2 88 61.2
3 7.07 ................. 24.03 2.65 106.0 212.1 96 79.5

3)4 B.30 1--, 28.21 3.37 124.4 248.9 104 101.1
3)i 9.62 1-----------------1 32.71 4.21 144.3 288.6 112 126.3
3U 11 .05 ... _............. 37.55 5.18 165.7 331.4 120 155.4
12.57 , ................. 42.73 6.28 188.5 377.0 128

136
188.4
226.2
.":~
14.19 48.23 7.54 212.8 425.6
15.90
17.72
I:::::::::::::::
..................
54.07
60.25
8.95
10.52
238.6
25.8
477.1
531.6
144
,.2
268.'
315.6
5 19.64 1 _ 66.76 12.27 294.5 589.1 160 368.1

168 426.3
5)4
')i
21.65
23.76 1-
,..... _...........
73.60
80.78
14.21
16.33
324.7
356.4
649.4
712.7 176 489.9
5U 25.97 ... _............. 88.29 18.66 389.5 779.0 184 559.8
6 28.27 100.2 96.13 21.21 424.1 848.2 192 636.3

67i 30.68 108.5 104.3 23.97 460.2 920.4 200 719.1
6)i 33.18 117.2 112.8 26.96 497.7 995.5 208 808.'
6" 35.79 12.2 121.7 30.19 536.8 1074 216 905.7
7 38.49 135.6 \30.9 33.68 577.3 1155 22. 1010

7U 41.28 145.2 140.4 37.41 619.2 1239 232 1122
74 44.18 155.3 150.2 41.42 662.7 1325 240 1243
7~ 47.17 165.6 160.4 45.70 707.6 1415 248 1371

8H
50.27
53.46
176.3
187.3
198.7
170.9
181.8
192.9
50.27
55.13
60.29
754.0
801.8
851.2
1508
1604
1702
256
264
272
1508
1654
1809
B)i 56.75
."
9
60.1 3
63.62
210.3
222.'
204.5
216.3
65.79
71.57
902.0
954.3
1804
1909
280
288
1973
2147
296 2331
99~
67.20 234.7 228.5 77.70 100B 2016
' 70.88 247.4 241.0 84.18 1063 2127 304 2525
9" 74.66 200.4 253.9 91.00 1120 2240 31 2 2730
10 78.54 273.8 27.0 98.18 1178 2356 320 294.

,
Pin s ... p to 6 Inch d iameter are ... 1... ~lIy p ... n::hased as CO ld _rolled , halting ~n d requIre n o
fin is h. LaI"9U pin s a re 101"9;ngl . p ... rch ~ ..d roug h- turned leav ing ~l.. ' IInl lh all o ver.
A M ERICAN LNSTITUTE OF STEEL CONST RUCTION
252
POWER DRI V EN RIVETS

(S H O P AND FI ELD )
AND
T U RNED BOLTS IN RE A MED HOLES
ALLO W A B LE LOADS IN K IPS
Shear .15.000 lb. per a<juare Inch
Bearing, S. S. .32.000.... ..
.. O.S. ~.ooo""""
Ri",,' OiL
"p I
J1 I % U I }j 1 I 178 1)4 I
I-;"","",=-, .1963 I .3068 .4418 1~ 3 _ ,7854 .9940 1.2272
Single Shear 2.95 , 4.60 6.63 i 9.02 11.78 14.91 I 18.41
I)o.,ble Shallr 5.89 9.20 , 13.25 I 18.04 23.56 29.82 I 36.82
Thickne.. Bea''''11 Boari"ll BNt,ng Seating Bearing Bearing Boa,mll
"
Plale i
I 32.0 I 40.0 : 32.0 40.0 3'2.0 40.0 132.0 : 40.0 ; 32.0 ; 40.0' 32.0 I 40.0 : 32.0 40.0
.125 YO 2.00 2.50 2.50 3.12 3.00 3.75
.140 2.24 2.80 2.80 3.&J 3.36 4.20 3.92 4.90

.160 2.56 3.20 3.20 4.00 3.84 4.80 4. 48 5.60
'.
.1SO 2.88 3.60 3.60 4.50 4.32 5.40 5.04 6.30
.1875 3.00 3.75 3.75 4.69 4.&J 5.62 5.25 6.56
.200 4.00 4.00 5.00 ' .SO 6.00 5.60 7.00 6.40 8.00
.220 4.40 4.40 5.50 5.28 6.60 6.16 7.70 7.04 B.80
.240 4.80 4.80 6.00 5.76 7.20 6.72 ' .40 7.68 9.60
8.75 B.OO 10.0
I:::::~" ::: .. _-_ .. :::
.250 )4 6.00 7.&J 7.00
.260 6.24 7.80 7.28

9.10 8.3210.4 9.3611.7
.2SO 1--.---- 5.60 7.00 6.n 9.80 8.9611.2 10.1 12.6
8.407.84
::: ::: ::: :~:: :::: ::::

.300 6.00 7.50 ..... __ . 9.00 8.40 10.5 9.60 12.0 10.8 13.5
11.3 14.1
'"
.3125
.320
... _-]
_
...
850 10.2
11.5
11.9 10.9 13.6 12.2
14.4
15.3
12.8
13.6
16.0
17.0
.340
.360 ____ ._+.:". 900 .. 10.8 12.6 11.5 14.4 13.0 16.2 14.4 l B.O
.375 YO --"'---1'---- 938 11.3 13.1 12.0 15.0 13.5 16.9 15.0 18.B
.380 " __ .1_._ --- _.' - 11.4 13.3 _____ . 15.2 13.7 17.1 15.2 19.0
18.0 16.0 20.0
-~I_ ___ , g:~ :::~-- -i~:g
14.4
.'100
.'120 :::==-f..- jg 15.1
... _-_
18.9
. 19.7
16.8
17.5
21.0
21.9
'" ;~;
.4375
.440
::_1___ 13 1:.. ;;; ::_
..... __ . 19.8 17.6 22.0
.'160 ... ___ . 20.7 18.4 23.0
.'ISO _____+.. __ ___ ._ .. ____ .. ____ .. 16.8 19.2 ... ___ . 2 1.6 ..... __ . 24.0
~:~~~:I' .-:---l~~~: ::~=: :.:~~~: :::~~- ::::

..... __ . 22.5 ... ___ . 25.0
.500 Ji
.::: . ._-_.
. -::::=i::: -:::::=::J:::--:: I:: ::: ::: ::
.520 23.4 ... _-_. 26.0
.540 21.6 ..... __ . 24.3 ... _--. 27.0
.560
.5625 I
.580
.600 .. ___ .' ... __ .. __ . .__ .... __ .' 24.0 .. ___ . 27.0 __ 30.0
.620
.625 % :::~=. :::~=.:: ....-=:1:::.:==. .... ..... ... ===: ~~:~ !.'::::. ~~:~
.6875 1).j6 1... ___ . .. __ .. --- . - .... 1 ____ 1. .. ___ ....- -....... , ..... -_ ...... __ .1 .. _.. __ . 30.9 _. 34.4
.7&J ~ ._...... ___ ..... __ "j" .. ___......___ .... ___ .....__ ...___....___ ... --- ... --_. "'---'j' 37.5
AM E; R ICA N I N S T I TU TE; O F S T E E L CO N S TR UC T IO N
253
~
UNFINISHED BOLTS
,_. ALLOWABLE LOADS
. . . .
10,000 Ibl. per
'N KIPS
~uarfl iOCh
.
Bfl,ing: S. S.
O. S.
"'.~
ZS,OOO " .. . .
A,vet Dia.
Aru
Singl. SIIu. 1.96
J.i
.1963
3.07
%
.3068 "
.4418
4.42
%
.6013
6.01
1
.7854
7.85
1%
.9940
9.94
'"
1.2272
12.'27
Doubl .. Shear 3.93 6.14 '.84 12.03 15.71 19.88 24.54
Thick.-. Bearing Bea, jnu Bearing Beuing a...,i"ll Searing Bearing

1
Plate 20.0 25.0 20.0 '25.0 20.0 25.0 20.0 25.0 20.0 25.0 20.0 ~ 20.0 25.0
- - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - ---
.125 % 1.25 1.56 1.56 1.95 1.88 2.35
.140 1.40 1.75 1.75 2.19 2.10 2.63 2.45 3.06
.160 1.60 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.40 3.00 2.80 3.50
.180 1.80 2.25 2.25 2.81 2.70 3.38 3.15 3.94
'"
.1875 1.88 2.38 2.34 2.93 2.81 3.52 3.28 4. 10
.200 2.00 2.50 2.50 3.13 3.00 3.75 3.50 4.38 4.00 5.00
.220 _._-_. 2.75 2.75 3.44 3.30 4.13 3.85 4.81 4.40 5.50
.240 .. _-_. 3.00 3.00 3.75 3.60 4.50 4.20 5.25 4.80 6.00
.250 ){ ....--_. 3.13 3.13 3.91 3.75 4.69 4.38 5.41 5.00 6.25
.260 ... " o. 3.25 ._-- .

..... __ .
-_ 4.06 3.90 4.88 4.55 5.69 5.20 6.50 5.85 7.31
.280 3.50 --_. . 4.38 4.20 5.25 4.90 6,13 5.60 7.00 6.30 7.88
.300 ... _-_. 3.75 . ._. 4.69 4.50 5.63 5.25 6.56 6.00 7.50 6.75 '.44
.3125 "-- 4.88 ... _-_.
5.86 5,47 6.84 6.25 7.81 7.03 8.79
'" .-.. 3.91
. 320 ... _., 4.00 . 5.00 . _.. _... 6.00 5.60 7.00 6.40 '.00 7.20 9.00 '.00 10.0
.340 ...... 1 ..... 5.31 .....- 6.38 5.95 7.44 6.80 '.50 7.65 9.56 '.50 10.6
. 360 .. _.. 1 .. 5.63 .. -_
. 6.75 . 7.88 7.20 9.00 8.10 10.1 9.00 11.3
.375 li ..------i-- --_ .. _ 5.86 -_. 7.03 '.20 7.50 9.38 '.44 10.6 9.38 11.7
..... _- . - .. _...
.380
.400
.420
.. -_ ....
.. .. _.
5.94
6.25
...
.. 7.13
.. 7.50
7.88
8.31 7.60 9.50
8.75 8.00 10.0
9.19 10.5
8.55
9.00
9.45
10.7 9.50
11.3 10.0
11.8 10.5
11.9
12.5
13.1
.4375 l{ ._._. - . '--- . .. _..... '.20 9.57 10.9 9.84 12.3 10.9 13.7
.440 _. -_ ... 8.25 9.63 11.0 9.90 12.4 11.0 13.8

.460 .- 1" .. '.63 10.1 11.5 ... 12.9 11.5 14.4
.480 . I ..I 9.00 10.5 12.0 ..
12.5 .... _-
13.5 12.0 15.0
.500 II - 10.9 14.1 12.5 15.6
.520
.540
j 11.4
11.8
13.0
13.5
-_.
.. _.
.-
14.6 .... - - 16.3
15.2 -- ..... 16,.9
.560
.5625
'"
...
-----..i
1..___..,
- t 12.3 14.0
14.1
--- -
--
_-
15.7 ... . 17.5
15.8 .....--. 17.6
._._-_
.580
.600
:+ - _... - I 14.5
15.0
_ 16.3 .
__
16.9 .. ... .
18.1
18.8
.620 ..--. --
_. . .......
15.5 17.4 ..... --. 19.4
.625 li .... .. _...... __ . .......... - 15.6 17.6 ........- 19.5
.6875 % ----- . --_. -- --- 17.2 ._. 19.3 "- -- ..- . 21.5
..... __ . ....--., ... .- .. .. __ . 23.4
"
.750 -- - 21.1
._. ._-- .... __ .
--1-
""
.8125 ... ....... ................ 25.4
I
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OP STEEL. CONSTRUCTION
254
RIVET GROUPS UNDER ECCENTRIC

APPLICATION OF LOAD
When a group of rivets carries an eccentric load. as in Fig. 1. the several rivets in
such a group are not equally stressed. Each carries an equal share (r _ F ( 2n) of the
h:
'~ vertical load fo' ; and each carries in addition a
I force R due to momenl. which is proportional to
o its distance a from the center of the rivet group
OO).A a,nd a~ls at ri~ht angles to the line L"Onnecting t he
j.., _, I ~ /J T\\'ct In question to the center of the group. The
. ~ F total stress on the ri\'ct is the resultant of the two
" ~ components defined abO\'c; it is greatest for the
' .I _~ .. no.o'';'. '' ln rivet which is on the side toward the load, and
I---D~ ~n1 on. ~rllcal ._ farthest from the center of the group.
FIC. 1 . Let a" 32. etc.. be the distllnCes of respec tive
rivets from center of group.
Let x - the unknown force due to moment on an imaginary rivet at unit distance
from center of group.
Then. on any rivet at distance a. the force - all. and its moment _ a1l1.
Adding (al )!x + (a~)1 l1 + ... etc.. and equating to t he moment Fl, solve for lI.
Then R (Fig. \ ) _ maximum ax. and S is found from Rand r as showlI ill Fig. 1.
The group. must be stich in number and arrangement of rivets that S, the greatest
stress on any nvet. does not ellceed the value allowed by the Specification.
'4
For any rivet group and any given lever arm of applied load a coelTicient C may be
V
found, such that C times t he allowable
value of one rivet equals the total load ::;"""- \5" -JURI "
F perm issible on the connect ion. II: - ( F _ 25 ~Ips, I _ I51', 0 - 5t"
Thus F - C XS. ', I Fro", Tab'. II ..
0' . ,
Or, knowing F. and dividing by 'I 1<" _ 5, <>-2.3
the allowable rivet value S, the ncccs- i: ' 11 "_ 6, C _ 3.0
sary coelTident C is obtained, and a :: I 8 _ 11.02 ~\PS by 8 pecl l \Catlo D
rivet group mus t be em!>loyed for which '. :;
the coefficient is of that magnitude or ;d' ,. 11.02.2.3_ 20.1 MTps_ lnou1"l'eI . .. t
gre3ter. 11.02" 3.0 _21.1 klp0-3ufflcl.nl
General expressions for the co- 5
efficient C are very complex. and for all FIG. 2
except simple, symmetrical cases the joint must ~ detailed by a cut-and-try process
based on the foregoing principles and without derivmg of coefficients. For the Simplest
cases occurring repeatedly in practice. the coefficients C are given in the Tables on page
255: in connoction with Fig. 2 is given an example of the use thereof.
In the case of eccentric brackets of the t}'pe shown in Fig. 3. in which the moment
produces tension on the rivets. there is no exact knowled~e as to lhe location of the
neutral axis: it probably lies somewhere below the center lme of the connect ion. Nor
is there exact knowledge of the permissible combination of tension with vertical shear on
the uppermost ri vets. A safe and accepted method of design for brackets of the t ype
F shown is to consider the rivets to be under an eccentric
loading similar to that ellemplified in T able I. page 255.
The coelTicient C for such cases wil! be twice the values
tabulated in Table I to conform with the two vertical
rows of rivets: the resultant stress on one extreme rivet
not to excet!d the A. I. S. C. Specification allowance of
15.0 kips per square inch.
Example:
F - 22 kips I - 12" ","" rivets, 3" pitch .
Allowable stress on one rivet - 15.0X.441B_
6.63 kips.
~ S - '2-5'!.,6.<e63 -
20
C- 2 x 1.66
FIG. 3
From Table I for I _ 12" six rivets are required in each of two vertical rows.
The thickness of the bracket connection angles should be ample to resist the bending
moment.
AMERIC A N INSTITUTE OF STEEl. CONSTRUCTION

255
RIVET GROUPS UNDER ECCENTRIC

APPLICATION OF L OAD
Nomen clature: ,," - t otal number of ';"ott In anyone vertical row .
_
_
perm'uible load. ac t inll with lever arm I.
permi ss ible load on one .Ivet by SJI6Clficatio n.
C
, - coefficient 'IS tabulated below. F'
"i ,I"
- e x S; or. knowirlll F, required minimu m C - 5
,," 3"
I 6" _9" 12" 15" 18" 21" 24"
r-Il ;;
Case ,
~:j 1:~~ .!(
~:~ :;~ :~~ :~~ :~ .33
.~
.28
4 3.7 3.1 2.6 1.5 1.1 .82 .66 .55 .47 .41
5 4.7 4.2 3.5 2.2 1.6 1.2 .98 .82 .71 .62
-G'T 6 5.8 5.2 46 3.0 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.1 .99 .87
11- .-+
7
8
6.8
7.8
6.3
7.3
5.6
6.7
3.9
4.8
2.8
3.6
2.2
2.8
1.8
2.3
1.5
1.9
1.3
1.7
1.2
1.5
-t-~
9
10
8.8
9.8
8.4
94
7.7
8.8
5.8
6.8
4.4
5.2
3.5
4 .2
2.8
3.4
2.4
2.9
2.1
2.5
1.8
2.2
-t.~ 11 10.9 10.4 9.8 7.8 6.1 4.9 4.1 3.5 3.0 2.7
12 11 .9 I 11.5 10.9 8.8 7.0 5.7 4.8 4.1 3 .5 3.1
In T able, b - S"
-" .
I,
I n ge neral, C -
\I ,j , + ,
1" I 2" , 3" 6" 9" I 12" I 15" 18" 21" 24
ene I I
".>J< '" ~ '" ~ '" 'J< 'J< 1'J< ". 'J< ". OJ"" 'J< '''I ' " '" ,'"
1'l'-1
:r~I. , :!" I:;i.fIi: lP:!l
~
,
i't~
.
. .
....
!>
6
7
: :'1
8.9 1.7 7.9 6.1 1.0 ~.6
10.8 9.6 9.7 8.5 8,7 6.0
12.811.7 1 1.610,~1O,6 I -
~iiH iliiii~ '::"'I"'
iHjH irf!!lI
7.!>
. J!:1!- :;
.
.
2.8
3.6
4.6
.
.
.
2.3
3.0
3.8
.
.
-
2.6
3.3
4.1
Ii 'l!i'i Ii ~j i1
6.9
.
.
.
.
~ .~
~o~ 10
11 1.
. . 1 .. . 1 . 1. 6.9
8.1 ., 7.0 .
12 ' . 1. 1 1 . 9.4 . 8.1 .
In Tabl e, b .. 3'
!and D _ S'I.t" or9'~"
In gener~l, C oo , . , ,
,1' ,"1, H
COM '"
, Cne III, not tabulated.
.. ;
.! In general, C .. "1
:!;,;!:
'
' [ I( n
DI + 'II: ( n l
l )b
' l b"
] "
+ D" + 'ht l n"
10
' ) bi + ~ r
1 1" 2" 3" 6" 9" 12' 15' IB' 21 ' 24'
Case IV
I~ ,' 1'"""1 '"'1 I I i 9}1 ,1I}1
1'" ,""
~~'.~
:tULt,
~ ,:., '".,I.,. I"
,....-o-"i
'" . :;~!~!I ~I .,.
I:l~:!l
:D.!'[fr;
12 I I I' I '"I"
In g e ne ral. C ..
~I I' + [
AME RI C A N I N S TIT U T E OF STEEl- C O N S TR UC TI O N
256
A M I:':R:ICA N INS T ITU T E OF STEEL CON S T RUCT I O N

257
PART IV
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND CODES
Specification for the Design, Fabrication, and Erection of

Structural Steel for Buildings; as adopted June, 1936,
with editorial revision June, 1937. (For brevity this
document is referred to in the Manual as the A. I.S.C.
Specification.)
Code of Standard Practice; as adopted June, 1937. (This
document includes the A.I.S.C. Standard Documents.)
Specification for Fireproofing Structural Steel Buildings;
as adopted October, 1927, with editorial revision
January, 1934.
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS
Specifications for Steel for Bridges.

A.S.T.M. Designation A7-36.
Specifications for Steel for Buildings.
Specifications for Structural Rivet Steel.
AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY
Extracts from Code for Fusion Welding and Gas Culting

in Building Construction ; Part A, Structural Steel;
adopted 1928, and revised 1930 and 1934.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMEN T OF COMMERCE
Minimum Live Loads Allowable for Use in the Design of

Buildings ; as recommended by the Building Code
Committee of the Bureau of Standards, November,
1924.
AMERICAN IN ST ITUT E OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

258
AM.AICAN IN15TITUTI;: OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

259
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRU CTION
SPECIFICATION FOR THE

DESIGN, FABRICATION AND ERECTION
OF STRUCTURAL STEEL FOR BUILDINGS
ADOPTED 1936
( EDITORIA LLY R EV ISE D , J UNE, 1937)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SPECIFICATION
PART I. GENERAL SECTIONS 1- 2
PART II. MATERIAL- SECTION 3
PART III. LOADS AND STRESSES- SECTION S '- 9

PART IV. UNIT STRESSES- SECT ION 10
PART V. DESIGN- SECTION S 11 - 2'
PART VI. FABRICATION- SECTION S 25- 26
PART VII. ERECTION - SECT ION 27
PART VIII. INSPECTION SECTI O N 28
A M E RI CA N IN S TITUTE O F S TEE L C ON S TRU C TION

260
FOREWOHD TO A . I. S. C . SPECIFICATION
In 1934 the Bo.1.rd of Directors of t he American Institute of

Steel Construction appointed a Committee to revise the Institute's
Standard Spedfication {or the Design, Fabrication and Ereclion of
Structural StCE:! for Buildi ngs.
The Revised Specification, after submission to the Technical
Advisory Board, was adopted by the Board of Directors in J une,
1936. The principal changes from the previous Specification are
as follows:
1. The contents have been rearranged in a manner that should be more

convenient for the designer. and also more consistent than heretofore.
2. Certain engineering maller. notably in Section 25, which previously ap-
peared only in the Code of St,lIldard Practice, has been inserted in the
Specification.
3. A new series of allowable Unit Stresses arc recommended which accord
in generaJ with a stress basis of 20.000 instead of 18.000 pounds per square
inch in Tension. The unit values recommended for oth~ kinds of stress
have not been necessarily increased in this proportion. each being deter
mined by a separate oonsideration of its conditions.
4. A marked increase is allowed in mve t Bearini} Values. accompanied, how-
ever. by more severe requi rements as to the mmimum end or edge distance
in t he stressed direction. See Sections 10 (a ) and 18 ().
5. The use of Composite Steel and Concrete Beams is recognized, and their
general requirements are specified. See Section 8.
6. Effective Span Length is defined in terms of the conditions of end fixity,
and the requirements for the respective end oonnections are specified.
See Sections 9. 16 (d) and 16 (e) .
7. In the Design of Plate Girders. the recommended basis for oomputing
moment of inertia is changed from net to gross area. &'C Sections 14 (a),
14 (b) and 19 (a).
8. Provision is made for the wider use of Unfinished Bolts in certain hei!Jhts
of structure. and t he term" height of building" is defined. See Sections
17 (d) and 17 (e).
9. Provision for the elimination of Intermediate Stiffeners in certain classes
of plate girders, provided the unit web shear is kep t low. In addition,
the rules for spacing all Stiffeners are revised and clarified along lines
similar to those adopted in the 1935 A.R.E.A. and A.A.S.H.O. Sped.
fication9. See Section 19 (e).
10. A new and simplified formula is presented for the Web Cril>Pling of Beams
See Section 19 (h) .
11. Since the use of I-Ianddriven Rivets has now become obsolete, all reference
to them is omitted. Power..driveil. rivets are defmed and are prescribed
wherever rivets are specified. See Section 25 (g).
12. Certain requirements incidental to Field Painting are specified. but the
responsibility therefor is considered a matter to be covered by contract.
See Section 27 (g),
AM '~RIC"' N INSTITUTE 0 " STEEL C ON S TRUCT ION

261
SPECIFICATION FOR THE

DESIGN. FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF
STRUCTURAL STEEL FOR BUILDINGS
PART I. GENERA L
SECTIO N 1. SCOPE.
Ca l Scope.
1111S Specification definC!i the practke adopted by the American Institute of Steel
Construction in the design. fabrication. and erection of structural steel for buildings.
(b) Code.
In the execution of contracts entered into under this Specification. the OxIc of
Standard Practice for 13uildings of the American Institute of Steel Construction shall
apply unless otherwise specified or required.
SECTION 2. PLANS AND DRAW I NGS.

Cal Plans.
The plans shall show a complete design with sizes. sections. and the relative
location of the various members. Floor levels. column tenters, and ofT-sets shall be
dimensioned. Plans shall be drawn to a scale large enough to convey the infonnation
adequately.
(b ) Sho p Draw;n !".
Shop drawings shall be made in conformity with the best modem practice and
wi th due regard to speed and economy in fabrication and erection.
PART I I. MATERIAL
SECTION 3. MATER IAL.
(a ) Structural Steel.
Structural steel shall conform to the Standard Specifications of the American
Society for Testing Materi..1ls for Steel for Buildings. Serial Designation A 9 (or, if so
specified by the Buyer. for Steel for Bridges. Serial Designation A 7), as amended to
date.
(b ) Ri vet Steel.
myel steel shall conform to the Standard Specifk.1tions of the American Societ y
for Testing Materials for structwral Rivet Steel. Serial Designation A 141, as amended
to date.
(c) Other M e tal .
Alloy steels. caSt steel. cast iron and other metals shall conform to the applicable
Specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials. as amended to date.
(d ) Stock Material.
Stock material shall be of a quality e<lual to that called for by the specitlcations
of the American Society for T esting Materials for the classifications covering its
intended use; and mill test reports shall constitute sufficient record as to the Quality
of material carried in stock.
A M ERIC.o.N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I ON

262
A. I. S.C. SPECIFICATION
Unidentified stock material. if free from surface imperfections, may be used for
short sections of minor importance. or for small unimportant details, where the precise
physical properties of the material would not affect the strength of the structure.
PART III. LOADS AND STRESSES
SECTION 4. LOADS AND FORCES.
(. ) Load. and Force.

Steel structures shall be designed to sustain the following loads and forces:
1. Dead Load.
2. Live Load.
3. Impact.
4. Wind and other Lateral Forces.
5. Erection Loads.
6. Other Forces.
(b ) Dead Load.
The dead load shall consist of the weight of the steelwork and all material fastened
thereto or supported thereby.
(el Live Load.

The live load shall be that stipulated by the Code under which the structure is
being designed or lhat requiroo by the conditions involvoo. In general, the live
loads should not be less than those recommended by the Building Code Committee
of the National Bureau of Standards, November, 1924, under the caption" Minimum
Live Loads for use in the Design of Buildings. n
(d ) Im pact.
For structures. carrying live loads inducing impact or vibrational forces, the
design stresses shall be increased by a percentage of the live load stresses sufficient to
sui tably provide for such forces
(e) Wind.
Proper provision shall be made for stresses caused by wind both during erection
and after coffil>lelion of the building. The wind pressure is dependent upon the COrl-
ditions of exposure and geographical location of the slrUcture. The allowable stresses
specified in Sections 6 (c) and 7 are based upon the steel frame being designed to carry
a wind pressure of not less than twenty (20) pounds per square foot on the vertkal
projection of exposed surfaces during erection. and fifteen (15) pounds per square foot
on the vertical projection of the finished st ructure.
(f ) Erection.
Proper provision shall be made fo r temporary stresses caused by erection.
(I') Ot h e r Force.
Structures in localities subject to earthquakes. hurricanes. and other extraordinary
conditions shat! be designed with due regard for such conditions.
AMERICAN IN S T I TUTE OF STEEL CONSTR UCTI O N

.63
A . I.S.C. SPECIFICATION
SECTION S. R EVERSA l:. OF ST RESS.
(a) Reve r.al of St relll.

Members subject to live loads producing alternating tensile and compressive
st resses shall be proportioned as follows:
To the net total compressive and tensile stresses add 50 per cent of the smaller
of the t\\'O and proportion the member to resist either of lhe increased stresses
resulting therefrom.
Connections shall be proportioned to resist the larger of the two increased stresses.
SECTION 6. COMB INED STRESSES.

<a) Axi.1 and Be ndin g.
Members subject to both aKiai and bending stresses shaB be so proportioned that
t he quantity
shall not exceed unity, in which
Fa - axial unit stress that """Quld be pennitted by this SpeciJlcation if axial

stress only existed.
F b - bending unit stress that would be pennitted by this Specification if bending
stress only existed.
fa - axial unit stress (actual) - axial stress divided by area of membe r.
fb - bending unit stress (actual) - bending moment divided by section modulus
of member.
(b) Rivet..
Rivets subject to shearing and tensile forces shall be so proportioned that thp.
combined unit stress will not exceed the allowable unit stress for rivets in tension
only.
(c: ) Wind a n d Othe r Forc:es.
Members subject to stresses produced by a combination of wind and other loads
may be proportioned for unit stresses J3..1j3 per cent greater than those specified in
Section 10. provided the section thus required is not less t han that required for the
combination of dead load. live load. and impact (if any).
SECTION 7. MEMBE RS CAR RYING W IND ONLY .

(a ) W in d O nl y.
Members subject only to stresses produced by wind forces may be proportioned
for unit stresses 33-1 / 3 per cent greater than those specil\ed in Section 10.
SECTION 8. COMPOSITE BEAMS.

Ca ) Compoaite Beam a.
The term "composite beam " shall apply to any rolled or fabrica ted steel floo r
beam entirely encased in a poured concrete haunch at least four inches wider. at its
narrowest point. than the flange of the beam. SUI>porting a concrete slab on each side
without openings adjacent to the beam: provided that the top of the beam is at least
17'2 inches below the top of the slab and at least 2 inches above the bottom of the slab;
provided that a good grade of stone or gravel concrete with Portland cement. is used;
AM E R ICA N IN S T I TUT E O F S T EE L CO N S TR UC TI O N
264
A.l.S.C. SPECIF I CAT ION
and provided that the concrete haunch has adequate mesh. or other reinforcing steel,
throughout its whole depth and across its !IOffit.
(b) Composi te beams may be figured on the assumptions that:
1. The steel beam carries unassisted all dead loads prior to the hardeni ng
of the concrete. with due regard for any temporary support provided.
2. The steel and concrete carry by joint action all loads, dead and live,
applied after the hardening of the concrete.
(c:: ) Com pos ite Bea n ...

The total tensHe unit stress in the extreme fibre of the steel beam thus computed
shall not exceed 20000 pounds per square inc,h. ISeaion 10 (a) J.
Cd ) The maximum stresses in the concrete, and the ratio of Young's moduli for
steel and concrete, shall be as prescribed by the specifications governing the design of
reinforced concrete for the structure.
(e ) The web and the end CQnnections of the steel beam shall be adequate to
carry the total de.1d and live load without exceeding the unit stresses prescribed in
t his Specification, except as this ma y be reduced by the provision of other proper
support.
SECTION 9. EF FECTI VE SPAN LENGTH .

(a ) S im ple Span .
Beams. girders and trusses shall ordinarily be designed on the basis of simple
spans whose effective lenll:th is eq ual to the distance between centers of gravity o f the
members to which they deliver their end reactions.
(b ) End Red r ain t.

When designed on the assumption of end restraint. full or partial. based on con
tinuous or cantilever action. beams. girders and trusses. as well as the sections of the
members to which they connect. shall be designed to carry the shears a nd moments
!IO introduced. in addition to all other forces. without exceeding at any point the unit
stresses prescribed in Section 10.
PART IV . UNIT STRESSES
SECTION 10. ALLOWABLE UN IT STRESSES.

(a ) Structural and Ri vet Steel.
All parts of the structu re shall be !IO proportioned that the unit stress in pounds
per square inch shall not exceed the following values:
TENSION
Structural Steel. net section................................................................... .. 20000
Rivets, on area based on nominal diameter................................. 15000
CoMPRESSION
Columns, gross section
For axially loaded columns with values of // r not
I'
greater than 120................................... _.......... _.......... _. 17000--0.485 ii
AM I!: R ICIIN IN ST I TU T E O F STEEL CON STRUC TION

265
A.I .S.C. S PE CI FICATION
For ax ially loaded columns with values of I/ T

greater than 120............................... __ ................. _...... __ ... _... ~1~+~I":~~A
1COO~~"
in which I is the unbraced length of the column. and r is the corresponding

radius of gyration of the se.::tion. both in inches.
20000
Webs of Rolled Sections at toe of fillet
[Crippling, see Sect ion 19 (h) I...
BEN"DING
Tension on extreme fibers of rolled sections. plate girders, and
built-up members.
[See Section 19 (a) L ................. . 20000
Compression on estreme fibers of rol1ed sections. plate girden;, and
built-up members. for \'alues of lI b not greater than 40.... __ ..... _... 22 5(X)
I'
l+l800b t
with a maximum of 20JX)()
in which I is the lateran~' unsu!)ported length of the member, and b is the
width of the compression fbnge, both in inches.
Stress on extreme fibers of pins........................ _................................_... 30 ()()()
SHEARING
Rivets _._ .......... _.. _..... _.... _............. . .............................. _._ ... _.... 15 000
Pins. and turned bollS in reamed or drilled holeL ..... _........................ . 15 ()()()
Unfinished bolts.......... ................................ 10000
13000
BEARING Double: Single:
Shear $he3r
Rivets.. ..................... .. ................ ...... ................................. 40 ()()() 32 ()()()
Turned bolts in reamed or drilled holes. ................ _............. 40 ()()() 32 ()()()
Unfinished bolts. .. _.......... _...... _.......... _.. _.. _.......... _.............. 25000 20000
Pins.......................... _..... _.................................................. _........... 32 000
Contact Area
Milled Stiffeners and other Milled Surfaces................ _....... .. 30000
Fiued Stiffeners ......... . 27000
Expansion rollers and rockers
(p:mnds per linear inch) ,........................................ _.. _................. GOOd
in which d is diameter of roller
or rocker in inches.
(b ) Cast Steel
Compression and Bearing same as for Structural Steel. Other Unit St resses,
75 per cent of those for Stru ctural Steel.
(e) M u onry [Bearin KI

Granite ............ __ .... .............................. _........... _......... _._ ...... _......... 800
Sandstone and Limestone.... ___ ... _._..... __ .. _._.. _.... _........ _.......... _...... _......... 400
Concrete, unless ot herwise specifJed ......................... _......... __ ...................... 60Cl
Hard Brick in Cement MortaL................ _..................................... ......... 250
A M ERICAN INST I T UTE 0 ,. STEEL CON S T RUCTION

266
A.loS.C. SPECIFICATION
PART V. DESIGN
SECfION 11. SLENDERNESS RATIO.

(. ) The ratio of unbraced length to least radius of gyration f for compression
members SlklJ] not exceed:
For main compression members 120
For bracing and other secondary members in compression. 200
ALLOWABLE WORKING STRESS FOR AXIALLY

LOADED COLUMNS
"
" "
16 16
.;

::-: 14
~
o
,
:i 12
~lO
<
E

B8
j
, 6
- 4 4
2 2
00
" 40 60
" 100
Ratio 01 t ." 140 160 180
Previous oolumn formu la curve ~~'~8~.OOOk; shoym in dotted line.

f1
1+ 18.000 r!
For values of
r
greater than 120 the two curves coincide.

267
A. I. S.C. SPEC IFICATION
SECTION 12 . UNSUPPORTED COMPRESS I ON FLANGES
(oj The ratio of unbraced length t o width o f flange ~ for compression flanges
of rolled sections. plate girders. and built-up members subject t o bending shall not
exceed 40.
ALLOWABLE STRESSES
PER S QUARE INC H FOR
BEAMS AND G IRDERS

LATER ALLY UNSUPPORTED
f _ 22500
I _ UMupportlld length In I",*,-,
"
1+'800bJ

b _ Width of flange In Inch ....
, ,
-.- -.-, I '"-,
Unit Unit Un,t
S\. e ..
f
( Kill.)
Ratio
-.- '"-f
( K,po )
Ralio
(K illl)
Ratio
-
15.0 20.00 I.flO() 23.5 17.22 I .861 32.0 14.34 .717
15.5 19.85 .993 24.0 17.05 .852 32.5 14.18 .709
16.0 19.70 .985 24.5 16.87 .84' 33.0 14.02 .701
16.5 19.54 .977 25.0 16.70 .835 33.5 13.86 .693
17.0 19.39 .969 25.5 16.53 .826 34.0 13.70 .685
17.5 19.23 .961 26.0 16.36 .818 34.5 13.54 .677
18.0 19.07 .953 26.5 16.19 .609 35.0 13.39 .869
18.5 18.91 .945 27.0 16.01 .801 35.5 1323 .662
19.0 18.74 .931 27.5 15.84 .192 36.0 13.08 .654
19.5 18.58 .929 28.0 15.67 .184 36.5 12.93 .641
20.0 18.41 .920 28.5 15.50 .775 37.0 12.78 .639
20.5 18.24 .912 29.0 15.34 .767 37.5 12.63 .632
21.0 18.07 .901 29.5 15.17 .158 38.0 12.49 .624
21.5 17.90 .895 30.0 15.00 .150 38.5 12.34 .617
22.0 17.73 .881 30.5 14.83 .742 39.0 12.20 .610
22.5 17.56 .878 3 1.0 1-1.67 .133 39.5 12.05 .603
23.0 17.39 .869 31.5 14.50 .125 40.0 11.91 .596
. -
SECTION 13. MINIMUM THICKNESS OF MATERIAL.
{o j Main Material.
The minimum thickness of steel except for linings. fillenl, and the webs of rolled
beams and channels. shall be: for exterior construction- /r inch; for interior con
struction- U inch. (These provisions do not apply to light structures such as sky
lights, marques. fi re-escapes, light one-story buildings, or light miscellaneous steel-
work. )
(b ) Cu uet Plates.
Gusset plates for trusses with end reactions greater than 35,000 pounds shall be
not less than", inch thick.
AMERIC::AN INST ITUTE Of'" STE;E;L CONSTRUCTION

268
A.I.S.C. SPECIFICATION
(e) An gles.
The widths of the outstanding legs of angles in compression (except where rein
forced by plates) shall not exceed 12 times the thickness for girder flanges and 16
times t he thickness for other members.
(d ) Corn preaai o n Members.

In compression members consisting of segments connected by cover plates or
lacing. or segments connccted by webs. the thickness of t he webs of the segments shall
be not less than";' of the unsupported distance between the nearest rivet lines. or
the roots of the flanges in case of rolled sections. The thickness of the cover plates
vc webs connecting the segments shall be not less than 1( 40 of the unsupported dis-
tance between the nearest lines of their connecting rivets. or the roots of their fhUlges
in case of rolled sections.
(e ) Co rrosio n .
Provision shall be made for pans subject to corrosive agents. either by increasing
the thickness of malerii:ll or by effective protectiOn.
SECTION 14. CROSS AND NET S ECTIONS.

(. ) Definition ...
T he gross section of a member at any point shall be determined b}' summing the
produclli of the thickness and the gross width of each element as measured norma! to
the axis of the member. The net section shall be detennined br substituting for the
gross width the net width computed in accordance with paragraphs (c) to (g) of
this Section.
(b ) Application.
Unless otherwise specified, tension members shall be designed on the basis of
net section. Columns shall be designed on the basis of gross section. Bei:lms and
girderll shaH be designed in accordance with Section 19 (a).
(e) Net Width.
In the case of a chain of holes extending across a part in any diagonal or zigzag
line, the net width of the part shall be obtained by deducting from the gross width
the sum of the diameters of all the holes in the chain. and adding, for each gage space
.'"
in the chain, the Quantity
- , where
5 _ longitudinal spacing (pitch) in inches of any two successive holes.
g - tr.lnsverse spacing (g-dge) in inches of the same two holes.
The critical net section of the part is obtained from that chain which gives the
least net wid th.
(d) Ana-Ie lJ.
For angles, the gross width shall be the sum of the widths of the legs less the
thickness. The gage for holes in opposite legs shall be the sum of the gages from
back of angle less the thickness.
(e ) Splice Member...
For splice members. the thickness considered shall be only that part of the thick-
ness of the member which has been developed by rivelli beyond the section considered.

269
A. I .S . C . S PE CIF I CATION
(f ) S ill:e of Hol es.

In computing net area the diameter of a rive t hole shall be taken as Y8 inch
greater than the nominal diflmeter of the rive t.
(g) Pin Hole .

In pin connected tension members. the net section across the pin hole. transverse
to t he axis of the member. shall be not less than 140 per cent. and the net S&tion
beyond the pin hole, pal1lUel with the axis of the member, not less than 100 per cent,
of the ne t section of the body of t he member.
Jn all pin-connected riveted members t he net width across the pin hole. transverse
to the axis of the member. shall preferably not exceed 12 times the thickness of the
member at the pin.
SECT I ON 15. EXPANSION,
(a > E"pan.ion.
Proper provision shall be made for eXIJansion and contraction.
SECTION 16. CONNECTIONS.
(a ) Minimum Con n ection .

Connect ions carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag bars, a nd girts,
shall have oot fewer than 2 rivets.
(b ) Eccentric Co nnec;:tion ll.

Members meeting at a point shall have their gravit y axes meet at a point if
practic..1ble; if not. provision shall be made for thei r eccentricity.
(c) Riveh.
The rivets at the ends of any member transmitting stresses into that member
should preferably have thei r centers of gravit y on the gravity axis of the member ;
othenvise. provision shall be made for the effect of the resulting eccentricity. Pins
may be so placed as to counteract the effect of bending due to dead load.
(d ) Un re.trained M e m ben .
When beams. girders or trusses are designed on the basis of simple spans in
accordance with Section 9 (a), their end connections may ordinarily be designed for
the reaction shears only. If. however. the eccentricit r of the connection is excessive,
provision shall be made for the resulting moment.
(e ) Re straine d M e m be r .
When beams. girders or trus.<;eS are subject both to reaction shear and end moment,
due to the restraint specified in Section 9 (b). their connections shall be specially
designed to carry both shear and moment without exceeding at any point the unit
stresses prescribed in Section 10. Ordinary end connections comprising only a pair
of web angles. with not more than a nominal seat and top angle. shall not be assumed
to provide for this kind of end moment.
AM f; RI CA N IN ST ITUTE O F STEf.:L CO NSTRUC TION

270
A.I . S . C. SPEC I FICATION
(f ) Filleu.
In truss construction when rivets carrying OOml)Uted stress pass through fillers,
the fillers shall be extended beyond the ronn~ted member and the extension secured
by sufficient rivets to develop the stress in the filler.
Fillers under plate girder stiffeners at end bearings or points of concentrated
loads shall be secured by sufficient rivets to prevent excessive bending and bearing
stresses.
(g) Spli ce.
Compression members when faced for bearing shall be spliced sufficiently to hold
the connecting members accurately in place. Other joints in riveted work. whether
in tension or compression shall be spliced so as to transfer the stress to which the
member is subject.
SECTION 17. RIVETS AND BOLTS.

(a> Diameter.
In proportioning and spacing rivets, the nominal diameter of the undriven rivet
shall be used. .
(b ) Effective Bearin&- Area.

The effective bearing area of pins. bolts, and rivets shall be the diameter multi-
plied by the length in bearing; e)(cept. that for countersunk rivets. half the depth of
the countersink shall be deducted.
(e) Lon &- G rip

Rivets carrying calculated stress. and whose grip exceeds five diameters. shall
have their number increased 1 per cent for each addi tional h inch in the rivet griP.
Special care shall be used in heating and driving such rivets.
(d ) Ulle o f U nfini sh ed Bolts.

All field connections may be made with unfinished bolts. e)(cept as provided in
Par. (e) hereof.
(e ) Ulle of Ri vets.
Rivets shall be used for the following connections:
Column splices in all tier structures 200 feet or more in height.
Column splices in tier structures 100 to 200 feet in height. if the least horizontal
dimension is less than 40 per cent of the height.
Column splices in tier structures less than 100 feet in height, if the least horizontal
dimension is less than 25 per cent of the height.
Connections of all beams and girders to columns, and of any other beams and
girders on which the bracing of columns is dependent, in structures over 125 feet in
height.
Roof-truss splices and connections of trusses to columns. column splices, column
bracing. and crane supports. in all structures carrying cranes of over 5-10n capacity.
Connections for supports of running machiner)" or of other live loads which
produce impact or reversal.
Any olher connections stipulated on the design plans.
AME:RICAN INSTITUTE: OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

27 1
A. I .S.C. SPEC I F I CATION
For the purpose of this Specification. the height of a tier structure shall be taken
as the vertical distance from the curb level to the highest point of the roof beams, in
the case of flat roofs, or to the mean height of the gable. in the case of roofs having a
rise of more than one to a 4.!1! run. Where the curb level has not been established.
or where the structure does not adjoin a street, the mean level of the adjoining land
shall be used instead of curb level. Penthouses may be excluded in computing the
height of a structure.
(fl Uae of T urn ed Bolta.

Turned bolts in reamed or drilled holes. as specified in Section 25 Cd). may be
used in shop or field work where it is impossible to drive satisfactoT}' rivets. The
finished shank shall be long enough to provide full bearing. and washers shall be
used under the nuts to give full grip when the nuts are turned tight.
(e) M a in Me m be rs .
The end reaction stresses of trosses. girders. or beams. and the axial stresses of
tension or compression members which are carried on rivets or bolts, shaH have such
stresses developed by the shearing and bearing values of the rivets or bolts.
S ECTION 18. RIVET S PACI NG .
(a) Minimum Pitc h .

The preferable minimum distance between centers of rivet holes shall be not less
than 4,!4 inches for 17:; inch rivets. 4 inches for 1,!1 inch rivets. 3,!4 inches for 1 inch
rivets. 3 inches for J.i inch rivets. 2,!4 inches for U inch rivets. 2 inches for % inch
rivets. and lU inches for ~ inch rivets. but in no case shaH it be less than three times
the diameter of the rivet.
(b ) M a ximum Pitc h Comproo u ion M e m ber

The maximum _pitch in the line of stress of compression members composed of
plates and shapes shall not exceed 16 times the thickness of the thinnest outside plate
or shape. nor 20 times the thinnest enclosed plate or shape with a maximum of 12
inches. and at right angles to the direction of stress the distance between lines of
rivets shall not exceed 30 times the thickness of the thinnest plate or shape. For
angles in built sections with two gage lines. with rivets staggered. the maximum pitch
in the line o( stress in each gage line shall not exceed 24 times the th ickness of the
thinnest plate with a maximum of 18 inches.
(c) End Pitc: h Compreuio n M embers .

The pitch of rivets at the ends of buill compression members shall not exceed
four diameters of the rivets for a length equal to 1 ~ times the maxi mum width of
the member.
(d ) Two-Antle Membeu.
In tension members composed of two angles, a pitch of 3'-6/1 will be allowed, and
in compression members. 2'-0/1, but the ratio I-r (or each angle between rivets shaH
be not more than U of tha t for the whole member.
AM E R. C .... N .... S T, TU T E O F STEEL. CON ST RUCT . O ...

272
A.I.S.C. SPEC I FICATION
(e) Minimum Ed ge Di s tan ce.

The minimum distance from the center of any punched rivet hole to any edge
shall be that given in Table I.
T A B LE I
M,nImum Edke O .. 'a""" ( I nch",,) for Punched 1101""

Riv~1 D",,,,,,,,, . --I
I~'" In Rolled Edge 01 In UOllcd EdI{C 0(
[n Sheared Edge Plat ... and Section. s"clion. ,,;th
wilh P"."lId flan~ S1oplf\j( ~lankes
1 1! U'
"
%
){
1%
1){
1)i
1
1%
1){
1
IW
W
1!
1 1){ 1" [14
1% 2 1){ [.!1'
1){ 2){ 2 [~.
'May be deere"""" J.i inch when hole. a .... near end or beam.
(n Minimum Edg e Diat an c e in Line of Stre...

The distance from the center of any rivet under computed stress, and that end
or other boundary of the oonneCloo member toward which the pressure of the rivet
is d irected. shall be not less than the shearing area of the rivet shank (single or double
shear respectively) divided by the plate thickness.
This end distance may however be decreased in such proportion as the stress per
rivet is less than tha t pennitted under Section 10 (a); and the req uirement may be
disregarded in case the rivet in quest ion is one of three or more in a line parallel to
the direction of stress.
(ar) Maximum Ed ge Dis tance.
The maximum distance from the center of any rivet to the near edge shall be 12
t imes the thickness of the plate. but shall not exceed 6 inches.
SECTION 19. PLATE GIRDERS AND ROLLED BEAMS
(a) Pl"opo l"tionin g .

Riveted plate girders, cover-plated beams, and roUed beams shall in general be
proportioned by the moment of inenia of the gross section. No deduction shall be
made for standard shop or field rivet holes in either flange; except that in special
cases where the reduction of the area of either flange by such rivet holes, calculated
in accordance with the provisions of Section 14, exceeds 15 per cenl of the gross flange
area, the excess shall be deducted. I f such members oontain other hol,es, as for bolts,
pins, or countersunk rivets, the full deduction for such holes shan be made. The
deductions thus applicable to either flange shall be made also for the opposite flange
if the corresponding holes are there present.
(b ) Web.
Plate girder web':! shall have a thickness of not Jess than 11170 of the unsupported
d istance between flanges.
AM E;R ICA N IN S T iTU T E OF $TE;EL. CO N ST R UCTI O N

273
A.I.S . C. SPECIFICA T ION
(c) Fla n ge .
Cover plates. when required, shall be equal in thickness or shall diminish in
thickness from the flange angles out ....-ard. No plate shall be thicker than the flange
angles.
Unstiffened cover plates shall not extend more than 6 inches nor more than 12
times the thickness of the thinnest plate beyond the outer row of rivets connecting
t hem to the angles.
T he total cross-sectional area of cover plates shall not exceed 70 per cent of the
total flange a rea .
(d ) Rivet..
Rivets connecting the flanges to the web sha!) be proportioned to resist the hori-
zontal shear due to bending as well as any loads applied directly to the flange.
(e) Stiffe n er..

Stiffeners shall be placed on the webs of plate girders at the ends and at points of
concentrated loads. Such stiffeners shall have a close be.1ring against the flanges,
shall extend as closely as JXlssible to the edge of the flange angles, and shall not be
crimped, They shall be connected to the web b}' enough rivets to transmit the stress,
Only that portion of t he outstanding legs outside of the fiilets of the flange angles
shall be considered effect ive in bearing.
If hi t is equal to or greater than 70. intermediate stiffeners shall be required at
all JXlints where hi t exceeds 8,000 in which
'v
h -the dear depth between flanges. in inches
t -the thickness of the web. in inches
v - greatest unit shear in panel. in pounds per square inch under any condition
of complete or partial loading.
T he clear distance bet ween intermediate stiffeners, when stiffeners are required
by the foregoing. shall no t exceed 84 inches or t hat given by the fonnula
270,OOOt 31Vf
d - - ,- ' "
d - t he clear distance between stiffeners. in inches.

Intennediate stiffeners may be crim ped over the flange angles.
Plate girder stiffeners shall be in pairs. one on each side of the web. and shall be
connected to the web by rivets spaced not more than 8 times their nominal diameter.
(f ) Splice.
Web splices in plate girders shall be proJXlrt ioned to transmit the full shearing
and bending stresses in the web at t he point of splice,
Flange splices shall be proJXlrt ioned to develop the fu ll stress of the merRbers cut.
(e) Lateral Force.

The flanges of plate girders supporting cranes or other moving loads shall be
proportioned to resist any lateral forces produced by such loads,
A M ERIC AN 'N S TITUT E OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

2 74
A. " S.C. SPEC IF ICATIO N
(h ) W e b C r ip plinll' of Bea m .
Rolled beams shall be SO proportioned that t he compression stress at the web
toe of t he fillets, resulting from concentra ted loads, shall not exceed t he value of
24,000 pound s per square inch allowed in Section 10 (a). The governing formulas
shall be:
.
For mten. I R
or o.1ds . N 2 k - not over 24,000
t ( + )
R
For end reactions _ not over 24.000
t(N+ k )
R- concentrated interior load or end reactions. in pound s.
t - th ickne$ of web, in inches.
N- length of bearing, in inches.
k - distance (rom outer face of flange to web toe of fillet, in inches.
SECTIO N 20. TI E PLAT ES.

(a ) Co m p reuion M e mber..
T he open sides of compression members shall be provided wi th lacing having tie
plates a t each end, and at intermediate points if the lacing is interrupted. Tie plates
shall be as neat the ends as practicable. In main members carrying calculated stresses
the end tie plates shall have a length of not less than the distance between the lines
of rivets oonnecting them to the segments of the member, and intermediate ones of
not less than one-half of this distance. The thickness of tie plates shall be not less
than one-fiftieth of the distance between the lines of rivets connecting them to t he
segments of the members, and the rivet pitch shall be not more than four diameters.
Tie plates shall be connected to each segment by at least three rivets.
Cb ) Teneion M e mber..
T ie plates shall be used to secure the parts of tension members composed of
shapes. They shaH have a length not less than two-thirds of the length specified for
tie plates in compression members. T he thickness sh.1!l be not less than one-fiftieth
of the dist.1nce between the lines of rivets oonnccting t hem to the segments o f the
member and they shall be oonnected to each segment by at least three rivets.
SECTION 21. LAC ING.

Ca ) Spacing.
Lacing bars of oompressiOIl members shall be so spaced that t he ratio ll r of the
flange incl uded between their oonnections shal1 be not over ~ of that of the member
as a whole.
Cb) P ropo rtioning.
Lacing bars shal1 be proportioned to resist a shearing stress normal to the axis
of the member eq ual to two per cent of the total compressive stress in the member.
In detennining the sect ion rec:luired the compression formula shall be used, I being
taken as the lengt h of the bar between the outside rivets connecting it 10 the segment
for single lacing and 70 per cent of that distance for double lacing. The rat io ll r shall
not exceed 140 for single lacing nor 200 for double lacing.
A M ERICAN I N S T IT U TE OF S T EEL CO N STRUCTIO N

275
A.I.S.C. SPEC IF ICATION
(e ) Mi n in\U1n Proportions.
The thickness of lacing bars shall be not less than one-fortieth for single lacing,
and one-sixtieth for double lacing. of the distance between end rivets: their minimum
width shall be three limes the diameter of ~he rivets connecting them to the segments.
Cd ) Indi nation.
The inclination of lacing bars to the axis of the members shall preferably be not
less than 45 degrees for double lacing and 60 degrees for single lacing. When the
distance between the rivet lines in the flaRges is more than 15 inches. the lacing shall
be double and riveted at the intersection if hars are used, or else shall be made of
angles.
SECTION 22. ADJUSTABLE MEMBERS.
Ca ) Initi a l S tru .
The total initial stress in any adjustable member shall be assumed as not less
than 5,000 pounds.
SECTION 23 . COLUMN BASE'S.
(a ) Loads .
Proper provision shall be made to transfer the column loads, and moments if any,
to the footings and foundations.
(b) Alignment.
Column b.1seS shall be set level alld to correct elevation with fuil bearing on the
masonry.
(o;: ) Finis hin g.

Column baS6 shall be finished to accord with the following requirements:
I. Rolled steel bearing plates. 2" or less in thickness. may be used withou t
planing. provided a satisfactory contact bearing is obtained: rolled steel
bearing plates. over 2". but I" or less in thickness. may be straightened by
pressing (planed on al1 bearing surfaces if presses are not available) to obtain
a satisfactory contact bearing: rolled steel bearing plates, oYer 1" in thick-
ness. shall be planed on aU bearing surfaces (except as noted under 3).
2. Column bases other than rolled steel bearing plates shal1 be planed on all
bearing surfaces (exl.'Cpt as noted under 3).
3. The bottom surfaces of bearing plates and column bases which re~t on masonry
foundations and are grouted to insure full bearing contact need not be planed.
SECT IO N 24. ANCHOR DOLTS.
(a ) Ancho r Boltl.
Anchor bolts shall be of sufficienl size and number to de\'elop the computed stress.
AMERICAN IN ST'ITUTE OF STEEl. CONSTRUCTION

276
A.I.S.C. SPECIFICATION
PART VI. FABRICATION
SECTION 25. WORKMANSHIP.
(a > General.
AU workmanship shall be equal to the best practice in modern structural shops.
(b) S tra ightenin g.
All material shall be clean and straight. If straightening or flattening is neces-
sary, it shan be done by a process and in a manner that will not injure the material.
Sharp kinks or bends shall be cause for rejection.
(0:) H ea tin lr.
Rol!ed sections, except for minor details. shall preferably not be healed or, if
heated. shall be annealed, but this restriction does not apply to gas cuning, Section
25 (I).
(d ) H ole..
Holes for rivets or unfinished bolts shall be Tr inch larger than the nominal
diameter of the rivet or boll. If the thickness of the material is not greater than the
nominal diameter of the rivet or bolt plus ~ inch, the holes may be punched. If the
thickness of the material is greater than the nominal diameter of the rivet or bolt
plus Y8 inch. the holes shall be either drilled from t he solid. or sub-punched and reamed.
The die for all sub-punched holes. and the drill for all sub-drilled holes. shall be -h inch
smaller than the nomin.11 diameter of the rivet or bolt.
Holes for turned bolts shall be l / SO inch larger than the external diameter of the
bolt. If the bolts are to be inserted in the shop. the holes may be either drilled from
the solid. or sub-punched and reamed. If the bolts are to be inserted in the field,
the holes shall be sub-punched in the shop and reamed in the field. AU drilling or
reaming for turned bolts shall be done afler the parn to be connected are assembled.
Drifting to enlarge unfair holes shall not be penniUed. Iioies that must be en-
larged to admit the rivets shall be reamed. Poor matching of holes shall be cause for
rejection.
(e) Planing.
Planing or finishing of sheared plates or sharlCS will not be required unless speci-
fically called for on the drawings.
(f ) Asse m.bling.
AU parts of riveted members shall be well pinned or bolted and rigidly held ta.-
gether while riveting. Drifting done during assembling shall oot distort the metal
or enlarge the holes.
(g) Riveting.
All rivets are to be power-driven hot. Rivets driven by pneumatically or electri-
cally operated hammers are considered power-driven. Standard rivet heads shall be
of approximatel~' hemispherical shape and of uniform size throughout the work for
the same size rivet. full, neatly finished. ,md concentric with the holes. Rivets.
after driving. shall be tight. completely filling the holes. and with heads in full contact
with the surface. lhvets shall be heated unifonnly to a temperature not exceeding
1950 F.: they 5h;11I not be driven after their temperature is below 10000 F.
Loose. burned. or otherwise defective rivets shall be replaced.

277
A. I. S.C. SPEC I FICATION
(h ) F ini , hin l"

Compression joints depending upon contact bearing !lhal! have the bearing
surfaces truly machined to a common plane after the members are riveted. All other
joints shall be cut straight.
(i ) La cin g Ban.
The ends of lacing bars shall be neat and free from burrs.
(j) Tolerance..
Finished members shall be true to line and free from twists, bends. and open
joints.
Compression members may have a lateral variation not greater than 1/ 1000 of
the axial length between points which are to be laterally supported.
A variation of Tot inch is pennissible in the overall length of members with both
ends milled.
Members without milled ends which arc to be framed to other steel parts of the
structure may have a variation from the detailed length not greater than h inch
for members 30 feet or less in length. and not greater than J.1! inch for members over
30 feet in length.
(k ) Castin gs.
All steel castings shall be annealed.
(I) Ga. Cuttin g.

The use of a cutting torch is permissible if the metal being cut is not carrying
Stresses during t he operation. To determine the effective width of members so cut.
}i inch shall be deducted from each gas cut edge. The radius of re-entrant gas cut
fillets shall be as large as practicable. but never less than I inch.
SECTION 26. SHOP PAINTING.
Ca ) Shop Coat.
Before leaving the shop, all steel work shall be thoroughly cleaned. by effective
means. of all loose mill scale, rust and foreign matter. Except where encased in
concrete. all steel work shall be given one coat of approved metal protection, applied
thoroughly and evenly and well worked into the joints and other open spaces. All
paint shall be applied to dry surfaces.
(b) Inaccenibl.. Pa r h.
Parts inaccessible after assembl y shall be given two coats of shop paint, preferably
of differen t colors.
(c ) Contact Surf.ac....
Contact surfaces shall be cleaned. by effective means. before as.<;embly, but not
painted.
Cd ) finished Surfac... .
Machine fmished surfaces shall be protected agains t corrosion by a suitable
ooating
AMERICAN I,.. ST ITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIO,..

278
A .1.S.C. S PE CIFICA T I ON
PART V II . ER ECT ION

SECTION 27. ERECT ION.
Ca ) B racing.
The frame of all steel ske!i!ton buildings shall be carried up true and plumb, and
temporary bracing shall be in troduced wherever necessary to take care of all loads to
which the struClure may be subjected. including erection equipment, and the operation
of same. Such bracing shaH be left in place as long as may bo required for safety.
(b) Boltin&, Up.
As erection progresses t he work shall be securely bolted up to ta ke care of all
dead load. wind and erection stresses.
(e) Erec:tio n 5tr .........
Wherever piles of material, erection equipment or other loads are carried during
erection. proper provision shall be made to take care of stresses resulting from the same.
(d ) Ali g n m e nt.
No riveting shall be done until the structure has been properly aligned.
(el R ive ti ng.
Rivets driven in the field shall be heated and driven with the same care as those
driven in t he shop.
(f ) T u rn ed Bolt .
Holes for turned bolL~ to be inserted in the field shall be reamed in the field a s
specified in Section 25 (d).
(e) Field Pa intin &".
All field rivets and bolts, also all serious abrasions to the shop 00.1t, shall be spot
painted with the materia! used for the shop coat. or an equivalent, and all mud and
other firmly attached and objtttionable foreign materials shall be removed, before
general field painting.
Responsibility for th is louchup and cleaning. as well a~ for general field painting,
shall be allocated in accordance with acceptt-d local praclit'es and th is allocation shall
be set forth explicitly in the contract.
PART V II I. I NSPECT ION
SECTION 28. INSPECT ION.

(a ) Gen e ra l.
r. laterial and workmanship at all times shall be su.b ject to the inspection of ex-
r;erienced engineers representing the purchaser.
(b ) Coo per a tion.
All inspection as far as possible shall be made at tne place of manufacture. and
the Contractor or Manufacturer shall cooperate y,ilh the Inspector. pcnnilling access
for inspection to all places where work is being done.
(el Rej ection
Material or \\orkmanship not conforming to the provisions of th is Specification
may be rejected at any time defects are found during the progress of the work.
AM ERI C A N INS TIT U TE O F S T EEL CON S TR UCT IO N

l79
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ON
CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE

FOR STEEL STRUCTURES OTHER THAN
BRIDGES
AS ADOPTED -'UN. "37.
THI S DOCUMENT INCL.UOES THE A. 1. S. C. STANDARD RIDERS FOR DEL I VERED AND
FOR ERECTED WORK AND STANDARD RELEASE AN D INDEMNITY AGREEMENT.
SECTION 1. GEN ERAL.

(a) Scope.
The rules and practices hereinafter defined are adopted by the American Institute
of Steel Construction as standard for the industry and shall govern al1 conditions
where the oontract between lhe Buyer and Seller does not specify otherwise and where
they do not contliet with local or state requirements.
(b ) Desig n, F abri ca ti on .. nd Erection.
Unless otherwise specified or required, the Standard Specification for the Design.
Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings of the American Institute
of Steel Construction. as amended to date. shall appiy.
(c ) Plan. and Specifica tion. for Bidding.
The pians shall show a complete design "ith sizes, sections and t he relative
location of various members with floor ievels, coiumn centers and offscts figured, and
shall show the character of the work to be performed with sufficient dimensions to
permit the making of an accurate estimate of cost. Plans shall be made to scale not
less than .% inch to the foot. and large enough to convey the information adequately.
Wind bracing and special details when required shall be shown in sufficient detail
regarding rivets and construction to permit an accurate estimate of cost.
(d) Re.pon. ibility for Duign a nd Erection.
If the design. plans and specifications are prepared by the Buyer, the Seller shall
not be responsible for the suitability, strength and rigidity of design or the practica-
bility or safety of erection.
SECTION 2. CLASSI F ICATION.

T he Steel and Iron items entering into the construction of a structure are divided
into the following classes:
CLASS" A "-Structural Steel and Iron.
CLASS "8 "-Ornamental Steel and Iron.
CLASS "e"_Steel Floor Joists.
CLASS "D "-Miscellaneous Steel and Iron.
Tn contracting to furnish the material for a stru cture where t he material to be
furnished is designated as structural steel and iron. ornamental steel and iron. steel
floor joists. or miscellaneous steel and iron. the Seller will furnish only such items
under each classification as are listed below. and no other items will be included unless
AMER ICA N 1NSTITUTE O F STEEL CONSTRUC T ION

280
.... I.s.c. CODE 01' STANDARD PRACTICE
by special agreement. In cases where materials in excess of minimum requirements

are furnished to provide for waste or loss. all unused material remaining after com
pletion of work sbalJ be the propert)' of lhe Seller and returned 1.0 him.
Unless specifically agreed to in the contract, the Seller of the structural steel
"Class A" will oot provide field connections or field holes for the ornamental steel and
iron "Class B", the miscellaneous slcci and iron "Class D", nor the mtlleriais for any
other trades.
(a) Cl .... " A" Stf'u c t ura l Steel and Iron.
Contracts taken to furnish the structural steel and iron for a building are based
on furnishing the follo",ing items only:
Anchon for structural steel onl}'
Bases of steel or iron only
Beams of rolled structural steel
Bearing plates for structural steel
Brackets made of structural steel sections
Channels of rolled structural steel
Channe19 and angle sUl>l>orts only for suspended ceilings ..... here they attach to
structural steel, but not including small channel or angle furring
Columns, structural steel. cast iron and pipe
Girders of structmal steel
Grillage beams and girders ~ tructural steel
Hange~ of structural steel
Lintels as shown or enumerated
Marquee; (struclmal frame onlr>
Rivets and bolts for field connections, as folloW1l:

1. The Seller shall furnish sutIkicnl rivets of suitable sire, plus at least
10 per cent to cover waste for all field connections of steel to steel ..... hich
are designated as riveted field connecticns.
2. The Seller shall furnish sufficient bolts of suitable size, plus 5 per cent to
cover waste for all field connections of steel to steel which are designated
to be bolted.
3. No f.tting-up bolts or washers will be included unless specifw:ally called for.
Separators. angles. tees, clip&, bracing and detail fittings in connection with
structural steel frame
Tie rods
Trusses of structural steel.
(b) C ia ... "8" O r na n1 ent.l Steel a n d Iron.

Contracts taken to furnish the ornamenta l steel and iron for a building are based
on furnishing the following items on1y :
All bronze and brass work, except hardware fittings
Balconies
Cast iron cornices
Curtain guides
Elevator fronts and enclosures
Grilles and gratings
AMER I CA N I N ST I T U T E 0 ... S TEEL CO N S TR UCT I O N

281
A. I. S.C. CODE OF STANDARD PRACT I CE
Iron store fronts

Lamp standards and brackets
Marquees (steel OT iron. except frame) see Class" A "
Ornamental brackets, steel or iron
Ornamental inside stairs. steel or iron
Ornamental outside steel or iron stairs. induding fire escapes
5.1.fety treads
Railings (gas pipe, ornamental or brass)
Sills and thresholds (brass. steel or iron)
Spiral stairs. steel or iron
Window sills and frames. steel or iron
Wire work. ornamental steel or iron
(0:) Clan "e" Steel Floor Joist..

Contracts taken to furnish the steel floor joists for a building are based on fu r-
nishing the following items only:
Steel joists which are not a part of lhe structural steel frame for the building. and
which are devised to carry the floor or roof panels
Bracing and btidging for floor joists clips for fastening floor joists
Stirrup and hanger for floor joists
Ties {or floor joists
(d ) Cia.. "0" Miscellaneou. Steel a nd Iron.

T he nature and character of the material of this classification makes it impossible
to cover all items and it is recommended that the Seller taking the contract to furnish
the miscellaneous steel and iron work for a building specify all items in detail which it
is intended to furnish. The general list of items under this classification is as follows:
Area gratings
Cast iron cover and frames
Cast iron rainwater receivers
Cast iron downspout shoes
Cleanouts
Coal chutes
Column guards
Door frames and bucks
Foot scrapers
Furnace or fireplace dampers
Flag pole
Ladders
Pin rails
Sidewalk doors
Sills and curb angles. and anchors for same
Special bolts or anchors where distinctly shown on the pJans
Stairs made of plain structural steel- not including treads of other materials
Stacks
Steel and cast iron plat{onns
Steel or iron chimney caps
Thimbles
WaU plate anchors
A M ERICAN I N S T ITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

2.2
A.I.S.C. CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE
Wheel guards
Window guards
Wire screens for partit ions, door and window guards (this does not include fl.,y
screens)
(e) Material. not claased und e r above h eadin ..".

The following items are not covered by classifications AB-C and D and will in
no case be furnished by the Seller unless spedfical1y agreed to and mentioned in the
contracl. It is not possible to designate every detail and the list is tyl>ical of material
not included in classifications A-B-C and D. It is shown here to assist the Architect
and Engineer in avoid ing confusion:
Ash hoists
Awning boxes
Boilers
Elevators or accessories
Elevator guides or sheave beams
Expanded metal
Furring
Glass for any purpose whatever
Hollow metal doors or frames
H01>pers
Mail chute
Metal lockers
Miscellaneous carpenter or masonry bolts for oom~ecting ....'XXI to wood, steel to
wood, or wood to stone, etc.
Name plates
Patented devices
Reinforcing steel
Rolling doors
Sheet metal work or corrugated sidings and roofing
Sidewalk lights
Steel sash and steel sash partitions
Spiral slid!.'!;
Suspended ceiling. except as noted under Class . A "
Tanks and pans
Toilet partitions
Treads. except steel or iron
Vault doors
Ventilating brick
Wall, ceiling and floor registers
Wood handrahs
Wood handrail brackets
And all other material not mentioned.
SECTION 3. INVOICING.
When conditions make it possible to award contracts on a lump sum basis the
confusion of determining weights will be avoided. Scale weights involve a vari..1tion
which frequently lead to a compromise based on calculated \Ieights.
AM E:: R ICA N I N STITUTE O F STE::EL CONSTRUCTION

28 3
A. " S.C. CODE OF STANDARD PRACT I CE
The roles hereinafter established, while not giving ~act weights. are the basis
upon which the Seller must make a lump sum or a pound price bid and they eliminate
the necessity of increased cost of shop drawings and other refinements of manufacture
whid) lI'uuhl very materiaUy iucrease co~ls if cl(ad weighl~ were required.
(. ) Wfli&,hta.
Structural steel and iron sold at a unit price per pound, hundred weight (100
pounds) or ton (2000 pounds) shall be invoiced on the calculated weights of shapes,
plates, bars, castings. rivets and bolts. based on the detailed shop drawings and shop
bills of material which show actual dimensions of materials used as follows:
Dimensions:-
The weight will be figured on the basis of rectangular dimensions for all plates,
and ordered overall lengths for all structural shapes and with no deductions for
copes. clips, sheared edges, punchings, borings, milling or planing. When parts
can be economically cut in mu!tiples from material of larger dimension, the ca!-
culated .....eight shall be taken as that of the materia! from which the parts are cut.
Over-run, as follows:-
1. To the nomina! theoretical weight of aU universal mill and sheared plates
or slabs will be added one-half the allowance for variation or over-weight
in ac(."Ordant"C with the specifications of the American Society for Testing
Materials. For the determination of o\'er-run all plates less than 5 feet
in length shall be classed as sheared plates. (See table in A. S. T. M.
Specification.)
2. Reinforcing ban when not sold on a basis of scale weights shall be invoiced
by the Seller at the theoretical \\"Cights plus 1.l1 per cent to allow for
over-ron weight of deformations. etc.
3. The calculated weights of castings shall be the weights determined from
the detail dnlwings of the pieces including standard fillets for such pieces.
To this an average over-run of 10 per rent shall be added.
Rivets, as follows:-
1. The weight of shop ri\'cts will be based on the weights shown in the
following table:
Rivets J.i" in diameter 20 pounds per 100 rivets
Hivet5 %" in diameter 30 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets U" in diameter 50 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets %" in diameter 100 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets 1 "in diameter 150 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets 111" in diamet('r 250 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets lU" in diameter 325 pounds per 100 rivets
2. Field rivets aoe! bolts 511.111 be invoiced at their actual weight.
Painting and Galvanizing:-

A percentage of the theoretical weight of the material protected shall be
\
added as follows:
One-half of 1 per cent for each coat of paint.
One-fourth of 1 per rent for each coat of oil. /
\
3M per rent for galvanizing by hot dipping.
'- A M ERICA N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONsrRUCTION

284
A. I. S .C . CO DE O F S T A ND A RD P RAC TI C E
Welds, as follows:-
The following weights include allowance for over-Tun in size of weld s,
but no allowance for waste.
WEI G HTS OF STANDARD FILLET WELDS
Specified Size. W. R~romm~nded

Inches Weight.
L t.. ~r Un. Ft.
U .20
f, .25
Yo .35
Yo .55
% .80
~i 1.10
Ii 1.50
1 2.00
SECTION 4. DRAWINGS AND S P EC IFICAT IONS.

(a) To enable the Seller to enter properly upon the execution of the work- the
Buyer shall furnish the Seller within a time agreed to in the contract, a survey of the
lot lines. together with a complete and full design of the structural steel frame defi-
nitely locating all openings, levels. etc.: and showing all material to be furnished by
the Seller with such infonnation as may be necessary for the completion of the shop
drawings by the Seller. All such information and drawings shall be consistent with
the original drawings and specifications. Any expense caused by changes or omissions
in such information and drawings, referred to above shall be at the Buyer's expense.
(b) In case of discrepancies between the drawings and the specifications prepared
by either the Seller or the Buyer. the specification shall go vern; and in case of dis-
crepancies between the scaled dimensions on the drawings and the fIgUres written on
them. the figures shall govern.
Should the Seller in the regular progress of his work find discrepandes in the in-
fonnation furnished by the Buyer, he shall refer such discrepancies to the Buyer before
proceeding further with work which would be affected .
The Seller shall be reimbursed by the Buyer for damage resulting from changed
manufacturing operation caused by delays.
(c ) Shop drawings shall be made and submitted to the Buyer'S represen tative
who shall examine the same and in five days return them approved with such corrections
as he may find necessary. They shall be corrected by the Seller if necessary and
ret urned for the Buyer's file as finally approved. The Seller may proceed wi t h shop
work, but in so doing he shall assume responsibility for having properly made the
corrections indicated by the Buyer.
In add ition to the set of blue print s of approved shop drawings for the Buyer's file
as above referred t o, the Bu)'er may require the Seller to furnish without cost to the
Buyer, one additional set of shop drawing blue prints, but any further additional sets
shall be paid for by the Buyer. All drawings or tracings made b)' the Seller for t he
execut ion of his work shall remain his property unless otherwise specifically agreed to.
AMER IC AN IN S T I TUTE O F STEE L CON S TRUCTIO N

2.5
.... I. s.c. CODE OF' STA N DARD PRACTICE
Cd ) Shop Drawings prepared by the Seller and approvoo by a representative of

the Buyer shall be deemed the correct interpretation of the work to be done, but does
not relieve the Seller of responsibility for the accuracy of details.
(e ) After the shop drawings have been "approved" or "approved as noted"
by the authority designated ill the contl<lct, any changes required by said authority
shall be -made at the expense of the Buyer.
(f ) When detailed shop drawings aTe furnished b}' the Buyer no resoonsibility
for misfits due to errors in the drawings will be assumed by the Seller.
S ECTIO N 5. STOCK M ATERIAL.

Stock material shall be of a quality substantially eQual to that called for by the
specifications of lhe American Society for Testing Ma terials for the classifications
covering its intended use; and mill test reports shall constitute sufficient record as to
the quality of material carried in stock. It is obviously impossible for the Seller to
maintain records of heat or blow numbers of every piece of material in his stock, and
the same shall not be required if all his stock purchases are made under an esta blished
specification as to grade and quality.
Whenever a shop maintains such a practice in carrying a stock of material, it is
deemed good practice to permit the use of such stock material in its fabricating opera-
tions whenever the shop desires to do so, instead of ordering items from the mill for a
specific operation. Stock materials bought under no pa rticula r specifications, or under
specifications materially less rigid than those mentioned above, or stock material
which has not been subject to mill or other recognized test reports, shall not be used,
except as noted below, without the approval of the Buyer and under rigid inspection.
It is pennitted to use unidentified stock material free from surface imperfections
for short sections of minor impo rtance or for small unimportant details, where the
quality o f the material could not affect the strength of the structure.
SECTION 6, INSPECTION AND DELIVERY.

(a ) In. pf.!dion.
The Seller's shop service includes inspection by his own inspectors, and shop or
mill inspection ot her t han this shall be paid for by the Buyer.
(b ) Acce pta nce of M a t e rial .
When material is inspected by a representati ve of the Buyer at the Shop, t he
acceptance of such material by the Buyer's representative shall be considered the
Buyer's final approval; but the SeUer shall be responsible for the accuracy of the work
and for defect ive materials or workmanship which may be disoovered and condemned
within a reasonable time after its incorporation into the structure.
(e) Order of Deli very .
Unless the order or sequence of del ivery is specifical!y arranged for before the work
is undertaken, it will be at the convenience of the Seller.
Cd ) Material .old de livered,
When material is sold delivered on cars or trucks at t he site of the structure. all
unloading shall be done by the Buyer, and all responsibility to persons or property
during such unloading shall be at the Buyer's risk.
A M E R ICA N IN S TITUTE 0'" S TEEL C O N S TRUC T ION

286
A.!.S.C. C OOE OF STANDARD PRACTICE
(e ) Lo.. in . hiprn en t whe re materi.l i . t old f.bricated only,

T he Quantities and weights of material shown by the shipping statement will in
all cases govern settlements unless notice of shortage is immediately reJX>rted to t he
agent of the delivering carrier, and his signed verification obtained. and like notice
sent to the Seller within 48 hours after receipt of t he shipment, in order that the
alleged shortage may be investigated by the Seller.
(f ) Storage of Material.
Where conditions make it necessary that material be stored for any length of time,
and t he contract does not provide for such storage, payments are to come due and be
payable the same as if the material had been delivered at the building site; and the SeHer
shall be compensated for ha ndling, storage, a nd other increased expenses that may
result from such conditions,
SECTION 7. ERECTION.
(a ) Method of Erection.
The Seller shall base his price on the most economical method of erection, con-
sistent with the plans and specifications and such infonnation as may have been fur-
nished prior to the execution of the contract. and t he interposition of erection condi-
tions other than those specified or agreed in the contract, shall entitle the Seller to an
addition to the contract price to compensate for such changes.
(b) Foundation .
The Buyer shall be responsible for the location, strength and suitability of the
foundation s.
(c) Buildinll' line. and Bench Mark .
Building lines and bench marks at the site of the structure shall be accurately
located by the Buyer. who shall furnish the steel erector a plot plan containing all
such information.
(d ) Steel and Ca. t Iron BaeeR.
All steel grillage. roUed steel bearing plates, cast iron. or steel bases. shall be set
and wedged or shimmed by the steel erector to grade or level lines, which shall be
determined and fixed by the Buyer. who shall grout all such parts in place. Before
grouting the Buyer shall check the grades and levels of the parts to be grouted, and
shall be responsible for the accuracy of the same. For steel columns or girders with
bases fabricated as an integral part of the member the foundation shall be finished to
exact grade and level, ready to receive the steel work so that shims or wedges shaH not
be required for plumbing or leveling of steel work.
(e ) Anchor Bolli.
All anchor or foundation bolts. expansion bolts, cinch bolts or other connections
between the work to be performed by the Seller and the work of other trades shall be
located and set by the Buyer.
(f ) Workin &, Room.
The erection contractor shall be entitled to sufficient space at the site of the
structure at a piace convenient to him to place his derricks and other equipment
necessary for erection. When conditions at the site provide working space not
occupied by the structure, the erection contractor shall be entitled to storage space
for sufficient material to keep his working force in continuous Oper.ltion.
Before the date set for starting erection the Buyer shall complete and have ready
all foundations. accessible and free from obstructions.
(II') Plumbin&, Up.
T he temporary guys and braces shall be the property of the Seller, and if after the
steel has been plumbed a nd leveled. the work of completing t he st ructure by other
AMERIC ... N IN S TI TUTE OF STEEL CON STRUC T ION

287
A.I.S.C. CODE OF STANDARD PRA CT ICE
contractors is suspended or delayed. the owner of the temporary guys and braces shaH
receive reasonable compensation {or their use. The guys shall be removed by the
Buyer at his expense, and returned to lhe Seller in as good condition a s when placed
in the build ing with a reasonable depreciation.
Immediately upon completion by the steel erector. the Buyer shall assure himself
by whatever agencies he may elect, that the steel erector's work is plumb and level.
and properly guyed. I f it is not. he should immediately notify the erector and direct
him to perfect his work. After the steel erector has guyed and plumbed the \I,ork once
to the satisfaction of the Burer. his responsibility ceases. Any further ....'Ork in guying
or plumbing shall be performed entirely at the Buyer's expense.
In the setting or erecting of stroctural steel work. the individual pieces shall be
considered plumb or level where the error does not e:<ceed 1 to 500.
For exterior columns and columns adjacent to elevator shafts of multiple story
buildings. the error from plumb shall not exceed 1 to 1000 for the total height of the
column.
(h ) Opportunity to In ve. ti gate Erron.
Correction of minor misfits and a reasonable amount of reaming ancl cutting of
excess stock from rivets will be considered as a legitimate part of erection. Any error
in shop work which prevents the proper assembling and fitting up of parts by the
moderate use of drift pins. or a moderate amount of reaming and slight chipping or
cutting, shall be immediately reported to the Seller and his approval of the method
of correction obtained.
(i ) Wall Plate..
AU loose masonry bearing plates for beams. lintels. trusses or columns shall be
set ancl grouted to grade and line by the Buyer ready for t he steel erector to set his
work, without unnece.sary interruption or delay.
(j) LooK.. Linte l,.
Loose lintels or pieces of all kinds ancl descriptions required by the design of a
building to carry brick work over openings, and which can be set without a motor
hoisting apparatus, and which lintels or pieces are not attached in any way to the
rest of the steel structure, and cannot be placed e:<cept as the masonry work advances,
will not be el'e<:ted by the steel ere<:tor u!lless by special agreement.
(k ) Ornamental Iron an d Bron~e.
Fine ornamental iron and bronze work is considered as finishing material. and
shall not be set in a building until after the marble, plaster, and ot her work, except
decorating, is in place.
(I) Elevator Framing.
The setting or erection of guides, car.;, machinery, cables, sheaves, pans, etc., for
elevator.;, is not to be required of the steel erector,
(rn ) Field Aue mblin g.
The size of assembled pieces of structural steel is fixed by the permissible ....'Cight
and clearance dimensions of transportation. Unless such wnditions are provided for
by the Buyer or his engineer, the Seller shall provide for such field connections as will
require the least field work: and such field connections shaH be a part of t he erection
work.
(n ) Cutting. Drillina- and Patching.
The Seller shaH not be required to cut. drill or patch the work of othen or his
own work for the accommodation of ot her trades except at t he Buyer's expense, unless
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A.!.S.C. CODE OF STANDARO PRACTICE
such cutting. drilling or patching of the steel for the accommodation of other trades as
shall be specified as part of the Seller's Work shall be shown on !he plans so that it
may be done at the lime of fabrica tion or paid for as extra work. The number, size
and location of any lapped holes shall be given at the time of the signing of the con-
tract or be paid for as extra work.
(0 ) In au r a n ce.
Until ooml>ielion and acceptance of t he work the Seller shall maintain workmen's
compensation insurance as may be required by law, as well as the standard form of
public liability insurance. in such limits as may be agreed U!Xl" between the Buyer
and Seller. protecting the Seller against claims for damages for personal injuries or
death arising out of his negligent acts or omissions. All other forms of insurance
coverage shall be provided by the Buyer, who shall prot&.t the Seller against loss of
or damage to the work performed and material delivered at the site. An insurance
covering such loss or damage shall be payable to the parties as their interests may
appear. In no event shall the Seller indemnify the Buyer against loss or expense
other than by reason of and to the extent of. the liability imposed by law upon the
SeHer for damages resulting from death of or injury to persons or destruction of prop-
erty occasioned by the prosecution of the work.
(p ) Temporary Floo r .
The Buyer shall provide pL.1nk. and cover aU floors required by municipal or state
laws, excepting the floor upon which the erecting derricks are loaued. This floor will
be covered by the steel erector for working purposes.
(q ) Fie ld Pa int.
Unless specifically agreed to in the contract, field paint shall be considered a phase
of maintenance, and shall be provided for by the Buyer.
SECTION 8. DELAYS IN PROSECUTION OF WORK.

(. ) Ca u ses not co ntrolled by Selle r Or Buyer.
Neither the Buyer nor the Seller shall be res!X)nsible for delays in performance
caused by delays in transportation by common carriers or at rolling mills. In case of
delay to work due to any of the above causes, a reasonable extension of time shall be
given for the completion of the lI'ork.
(b) Delays cau sed by th e Seller.
Should the Seller at any time, except as provided in the preceding paragraphs.
refuse or negl&.t to supply enough workmen of proper skill or material of proper
quali t y, or to carryon the II-urk with promptuess and diligence. the Buyer. if not in
default. may give the Seller ten days written notice. and at the end of that time if the
Seller continues to negl&.t the work, the Buyer may provide such labor or materials
and deduct a reasonable cost from any money due or to bel.:ome due the Seller under
the contract, or may terminate the employment of the Seller under the agreement and
take possession of the premises and of aU materials, tools. and appliances thereon and
employ any other person to finish the \lurk. In the latter case. the Seller shall receive
no further payment until the work be finished: t hen if the unpaid balance that would
be due under the contract exceeds the cost to the Buyer of fmishing the WOrk, such
excess shall be paid to the Seller. but if such cost e.'(ceeds unpaid balance, the Seller
shall pay the excess to the Buyer.
A M ERICAN 1NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUC TION

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A.I.S.C. C ODE OF STA NDARO PRACTICE
(e) Delay. ca u aed b y the Buyer.

Should the Buyer fail to furnish the plans and other data described in Section
4 (a) at the time agreed. or should he delay or obstruct the work in any way 90 as to
cause loss or damage to the Seller, he shall reimburse the Seller for such loss or damage.
Should the Buyer cancel the contmct or delay the fabrication or erection of the
work for more than thirty (3<l) days at any time. the Seller may, upon five (5) days
writlen notice to the Buyer, terminate the contract and tender all undelivered ma-
terial. whether worked or unworked. to the Buyer, who shall, upon transfer of title
to such material, pay all cost or expense which the Seller shall have paid or be obli-
gated to pay. toge ther with all loss or damage to the Seller. induding but not limited
to. the value of all drawings prepared. materials rmrchasecl or fabricated. or shipped.
stored. delivered. erected or in process of fabrication or erection. together with the
value of the labor perfonned. and the loss of profits suffered by the Seller. Should
the Buyer fail to accept such material. the Seller shall. at the expiration of such five
(5) day period. in order to Slls e the continuing storage and handling charges. proceed
to sell all materials in his possession and control at not less than the then market
value for scrap material and shall credit the sums received therefor against the amounts
due from the Buyer as above set forth.
The contract price and contract dates of delivery and erection shall not be binding
upon the Seller unless the Buyer shall provide the infonnation and work to be per-
fonned by him at the times and in the manner agreed,
SECT I ON 9. EXTRA WORK.
(a ) Genera l.
Charges for extra work. or work not covered by the contract. shall be made on a
basis that is definitely and mutually understood between the Buyer and the Seller at
the time the occasion for such ell:tra ell:pense arises.
In the absence of such an understanding between the Buyer and Seller. the fol-
lowing are listed as proper items to be included,
(b ) Mate ria l.
All extra ffi,lterial required shall be invoiced out at current warehouse prices. plus
cost of fabrication. including regular overhead. insurance and administration costs.
plus transportation costs. and ten per cent for profit.
(c ) Drafting l.abor.
All extra labor in the drnfting room shall be invoiced out at cost plus overhead,
insurnnce and administration costs plus ten per cent for profit.
(d ) Shop Wo r k.
All extra shop labor shall be charged at actual cost as shown by the time cards;
to this shall be added the overhead, insur.:Jnce and administration e)(pense. The
sum of these charges shall be considered t he actual shop cost. to which shall be added
ten per L'ent for profit.
(e l Field Wo rk.
All extra labor required ill the erection of structural steel shall be invoiced as
follows:
The ac tual labor cost shall be that shown by the time cards, to which shall be
added the cost of insurance at established rates, the cost of labor transporlation when
AMERICAN IN ST I T UTE O F STEEL CONSTRUCTION

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A. I .S .C . CODE OF STANDARD PRACT I CE
necessary. and an additional allowance for overhe.1d, and administration expense.

The sum of these shall be considered the actual cost, to which shall be added ten per
cent for profit.
Use of the Seller 's equipment by the Buyer for work not included in the Seller's
contract shall be billed at proper rental rates. Hoists for other trades employed on
the structure shall be billed at a rate per hoist to be agreed u)X)n.
(I) Mi.cellaneoua.
Any additional cost. such as hauling. painting, crating. freight, etc., shall be
charged at actual cost, plus overhead, plus administration. plus insurance. plus ten
per cent for profit.
(e l Overtime.
On oontract work where the Seller has not agreed to work overtime. he shall not
be required to do so without being paid for his extra expense and a profit.
(h ) ,et r a C lea n i n &,.
If because of continued storage. or for any other reason not the fault of the Seller,
it becomes necessary to clean and repaint the steel work. the cost of this additional
cleaning and painting shall be paid for as an extra. including regular overhead charges
as specified for extra work elsewhere in this section.
SECTION 10. PROPOSALS AND CONTRACTS.

<a ) Confl id .
In the event of a connict between t he tenns and conditions o f the pro]X)S3l. or
contract. and the tenns and conditions stated in the plans and specifications. the
tenns of the proposal or contract shal! govern.
(b ) P ri ce for Additions or Deductio n s.
The Seller is not to be required nor expected to make the same unit price for
additions to as for deductions from the work included in the contract. Such unit
prices when made are intended to apply to incidental changes made in the design
drawings prior to the ordering of the material.
The price of all changes in the work which may be required after the material
has been ordered should be agreed upon at the time such changes are made, or paid
for as extra work as defined in this code.
(c) Material not . how n or called fo r .
Clauses in the specification to the eITect that all steel and iron items necessary to
complete the structure shall be furnished by the Seller, whether or not they are shown
on the plans or called for in the specifications. .being obviously unfair, will not be
recognized or subscribed to. The Seller shall. however. furnish all material and labor
for details that may be required for such steel and iron work as is shown on tht" drawings
or called for in the specification. although such details may themselves not be shown
or called for.
(d ) Ite m . not to be fu r n is h ed.
Unless specifically mentioned in the request for bids. or specifically agreed to, the
bidders do not estimate or include the following items in t heir proposals:
A M ERICAN LN S TITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

29 1
A.I .S. C . C OCE O F S TA N D A RD PR AC TI C E
Any charges for surety bonds or insurance not required b}' law. or any other
general charge such as building permits. license fees or taxes for permission to work in
city or state. engineering fees, removal of rubbish. cutting. patching or repairing of
plaster or masonry work. office or telephone service, light. heat. fire insurance. or the
erection of temporary structures, enclosures or stairs. and the like.
(e) T er m .
The following t erms of payment are adopted as standard and shall govern in all
cases, except when otherwise agreed to in the cont ract.
1. All payments shall be made in funds current at par in t he Federal Reserve
Bank District in which the principal office of the Seller is located.
2. All materials for export, net cash in exchange for shipping documents
shall be required.
3. For all materials to be erected by the Seller. the B uyer shall on the 10th
day of each month pay an amount equal to no t less than 90 per cent of the contract
value of all m;lten.1Is shipped. stored or ready for shipment; and not less than 90
per cent of the contract value of the erection performed during the preceding
month; and shall pay the remainder within 30 days after the completion of t he
steel contrJ.ct; but the amount reserved by the Buyer shall a t no time exceed
double the contract value of the work rem.1ining yet to be done.
4. When the material which is not to be erected b)1 the Seller is sold to a
Buyer whose credit has been established with the SeHer. terms shall be net cash
for contract value of each shipment; payments to be made on the 10th day o f the
month following shipments.
5. Unless otherwise agreed to. when material is sold delivered at. or freight
is allowed to destination. the Buyer shall pay freight charges and the Seller shall
accept receipted freight bills as cash to apply on maturtn payments due on or
after arrival at destination of ma teria ls covered by such freight expense hills.
6. Payments shall all be considered to be due and shall be paid at the time
specified. regardless of the final settlement for the building as a whole, or for the
work of any other trade: and when the contract is with a general contractor the
payment for steel shall not be delayed by such general contractor pending his
receiving estimates of payments from the owner.
7. Amounts past due llhall bear interest at the maximum lawful rate.
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A. I. E: .C. CODE OF STANDARD PRAC TI C E
STANDARD DOCUMENTS
STANDARD F'ROPOSA L CONTRACT FO R DELI VE RED WORK
To: .............19........
(hereina[ter called the Buyer)
a corporation (hereinafter caned the Seller) offers,
subject to the condit ions herein, TO FURNISH AND D ELI VE R r. o. h. cars its works,
with freight allowed to
the structural steelwork
SHOP PAINT:
PRICE:
The Buyer shall pay the Seller in funds current at par in the Federal Reserve Bank
District in which the principal office of the Seller is located or their equivalent for the said
work. labor, services, and materials the sum of
Price is exclusive of all spotting. switching. or other delivery charges at destination
and is subject to advance or decline in present carload Tates of freight from point o f fab-
rication to point of delivery.
TERMS OF P AYMENT;
Subject to the approval of the Seller's Credit Department the terms of payment shall
be net th irty (30) days from date of invoice, the Seller to have right to render invoice the
last of each calendar month for the value of materials received and of work fabricated up
to that time,
A, I. S. C. CODE:
In all particular.~ not specifically covered herein. acceptance of this proposal is an
acknowledgment of knowlCflge of and binds both Buyer and Seller to all provisions of the
current edition of the Code of Standard Practice of American Institute of Steel Con-
struct ion, Inc.
COMPLETION:
On the acceptance hereof the parties shall agree upon a contract date UrKm which
the Buyer shall furni!lh complete information for the ordering of material and preparation
of shop drawings. induding any provisions in the work for the accommodation of other
trades. At the same time the parties shaH agree upon a contract date upon which the
Seller shall complete the work, provided such information is furnished as agreed, Both
such contrdct dates shall be inserted herein and initialled by both parties. Prices and
dates of delivery shall be binding 1l1Xln the Setter only if such information is furn ished
as agreed.
The Buyer shall furnish such information on....
The Seller shall complete the work on...
T he Seller agrees to complete the work within from date of receipt of

acceptance of this offer, provided above information is furn ished within the time above
stipulated.
Delivery shall at all times be subject to approval of the Seller's Credit Department,
The Seller sha11l1ot be responsible for delays in deliveries caused by strikes, differences
wi th workmen, accidents, delays of common carriers or other contingencies beyond his
reasonable control, whether occurring at his \\o"Orks or at the mills from which he will
normally obtain the plain material or elsewhere.
,.3
A.LS.C. CODE OF' STANDARD PRACTICE
QUALITY:
Quality shall conform to requirements of specifications staled herein. The Seller will
replace any defective material furnished upon presentation of satisfactory evidence of
such defectiveness, but no claims for direct or consequential damage will be allowed.
No claims will be allowed for correction of alleged misfits unless the Seller shall have
been notified and his responsibility proven. Ordinary inaccuracies of shop work shall not
be considered misfits.
TIlis offer is for acceptance within days from date after which time it is
subject to confirmation.
By:... _____ _..... _.... _...._..................... __ ...... _...... .
Accepted: .......................................... .19.... _..
By :_ .. ___ . __ .. _... _._ .... _........................ _... _
AMI';RICAN 1NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONS TR UCT I O N

294
A. L S.C. C ODE OF S TAND A RD PR AC TI CE
STANDARD RIDER FOR ATTA CHMENT TO AN Y CONTRACT

O R P ROPOSAL FOR DELIVERED WORK
It is mutually agreed between the parti~ hereto that the follo\\ing covenants are to
be of full (orce and e-1TecL anything to the contrary 11(~rein notwithstanding:
1. The Burer assumes all responsibility for the design.
2. The Seller shall not be responsible for the completion of the work at the time. or
times. set forth herein unless the Buyer shall furnish the information neces.<;ary for ordering
material and preparation of shop dra\'ln),,'s at the lime, or times. sel forth herein.
3. Delivery shall at all times be subject to ap!>roval of the Seller's Credit Department.
4. The Seller shall not be held responsible for delays in wnlllletion C'.lused by strikes,
dHTerences with workmen. accidents. delays of common carrier.; or other contingencies
beyond his rea"Onabl~ control. whether occurring at his works or at the mills from which he
will normally obtain the plain In.lterial or elsewhere
5. The Seller shall replace any defcctive material furnished upon presentation of
satisfactory evidence of such defectiveness but no claims for direct or consequential dam-
ages shall be chargeable against the Seller.
No claims for correction of alleged misfiB shall be charge<lble against the Seller unless
he shall have been notified and his responsibility proven. Ordinary inaccuracies in shop
work shall not be considered misfits.
6. In all particular.; not speciiically covered herein the parties hereto are bound by
all provisions of the current edition of the OxIe of Standard l""ractice of American Institute
of Steel Construction.. Inc., it being agreed that such provisions are within the knowledge
of both parties.
7. T his rider is allache(! to and forms part ofl proposal d t-"
L"Ontract a "'"'
by
by
Date :
AM E RI CA N I N S TIT U TE 0 " S T EE L. CO N STR U C TION

29 5
A. L S.C. CODE OF STANOA~O PRA CTICE
STANDARD DOCUMENTS
STA NDA RD PRO POSAL CON TRACT FOR ERECTED WORK
....19...
To:
(hereinafter called the Buyer)
a corporation (hereinafter called the Seller) offers,

subject to the conditions herein, TO FURNISH Al'>JD ERECT the structural steel work
SHOP PAINT:
FIELD PAINT:
PRICE:
The Buyer shall pay the Seller in New York funds current at par in the Federal Reserve
Bank District in which the princip.11 office of t he SeUer is located or their equivalent for
the said work. labor. services, and materials the sum of
TERl\'l S OF PAYMENT:
Subject to the approval of the Seller's Credit Department. terms of payment are to
be as foHows: On or before the last of each calendar month an estimate shall be made by
the Seller of the value of material received and of the work performed up to that time
both at Seller's works and at the site. 90% of such estimate shall be paid on or before
t he 10th of the following month. The balance of such estim.~te shall be paid within 30
days after completion of the work covered by this offer. The retained percentage shall at
no time exceed twice the value of the material and labor remaining to be furnished or per-
formed. Should the Burer fail to pay as agreed. then the Seller may suspend the work
until such payment is made and satisfactory guarantee given that future payments will
be made as agreed.
A. L S. C. CODE:
In all particulars not specifically covered herein, acceptance of this proposal is an
acknowledgement of knowledge of and binds both Buyer and Seller to all provisions of
the current edition of the Code of Standard Practice of American Institute of Steel Con-
struction. Inc.
COMPLETION:
On the acceptance hereof the parties shall agree upon a contract date upon which the
Buyer shall furnish complete information for the ordering of material and preparation of
shop drawings, including any provisions in the work for the accommodation of other trades.
At the same time the parties shall agree upon a contract date upon which the Buyer shall
provide complete foundations. built to finished level and in correct position. free from
obstructions and readily accessible. At the same time the parties shall agra> upon a con-
tract date upon which the Seller shall complete the work. provided such information.
fou ndations and dear site are furnished at the time and in the manner agreed. All such
oontract dates shall be inserted herein and initialled by both parties. Prices and dates of
A M ERICAN INSTI T U T E OF S T EEL CONSTRUCTION
296
A .L S . C. CODE OF S TANDARD P RA C TI C E
completion shall be binding u)X)n the Seller only if such information, foundations and clear
site are furnished as agreed.
The Buyer shall furnish such infonnation on
The Burer shall provide such foundations
and clear site on .......... _........
The Seller shall complete the work on ............................. _.......... .
The Seller agrees to oomplete the work within from date of aoceptam;;e
of this offer. provided above information is furnished and foundations completed within
the times above stipulated.
Delivery of materials and prosecution of the work by the Seller shall at all times be
subject to approval of his Credit Department.
The SeUer shall not be responsible for delays in completion caused by strikes, differences
with workmen. accidents. delays of common carriers. delays of other contractors or other
contingencies beyond his reasonable control, whether occurring at the site or at his works
or at the mills from which he shall normally obtain the plain material or elsewhere and in
the event of the happening of any such cause of delay, the t ime of completion shall be
extended accordingly.
QUALITY:
Quality shall conform to requirements of specifications stated herein. The Seller will
replace any defective material furnished upon presentation of satisfactory evidence o f such
defectiveness, but no claims for direct or consequential damage will be al!owed.
LIABILITY:
The Seller will onl}' indemnify the Buyer against loss or expense by reason of and to the
extent of. the liability imposed by law upon the Seller for damages resulting from death o f
or injury to persons or destruction of property occasioned by the prosecution of the work.
This offer is for acceptance within days fn)m date a fter which time i~ is subject
to confirmat ion.
By:...
Accepted :
By: ........ .
AM E R IC AN INSTITUTE OF STE EL. C O NSTRU C TION

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A.I.S.C. CODE OF S TANDARO PRACTICE
STANDARD RIDER FOR ATTACHMENT TO ANY CONTRACT

OR PROPOSAL FOR ERECTED WORK
It is mutually agreed between the parties hereto that the following coven.1nts are to
be of full force and effect. anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding:
t. The Buyer assumes aU responsibility for the design.

2. The prices and dates of completion named herein shall be binding on the Seller
only if the BU~'cr shall furnish the infonnalion necessary for ordering material and prepara-
tion of the shop draw ings and shall provide complete foundations. built to finished level
and in correct position, free from obstructions and readily accessible at the times and in
the manner set forth herein.
3. Delivery of materials and prosecution of the work by the Seller shall at all times
be subject to approval by his Credit Department.
4. The Seller shall not be held responsible for delays in completion c.1used by strikes,
differences with workmen, accidents, de lays of common carriers, delays of other contractors
or other contingencies beyond his reasonable control. whether occurring at the site or at
his works or at the mills from which he shall normally obtain the plain material or else-
where and in the event of the happening of any such cause of delay. the time of completion
shall be extended accordingly.
5. The Seller shall replace any defective material upon presentation of satisfactory
evidence of such defectiveness. but no claims for direct or consequential damages shall be
chargeable against the Seller.
6. I f the completion of the foundations is delayed for more than thirty days beyond
the time, or t imes. for such completion as set forth herein. the Buyer agrees to accept
delivery of material then fabricated and to pay the value thereof at that time. together
with such costs as the Seller shall have been compelled to pay by reason of such delay.
7. The retained percentage shall at no time exceed tv.ice the value of the material
and labor remaining to be furnished or performed.
8. T he Seller agrees only to indemnify t he Buyer against loss or damage by reason
of and to the extent of. the liability imposed by the law upon the Seller for damages resulting
from death of or injury to persons or destruction of property occasioned by the prosecution
of the ....,ork.
9. In all particulars not specifically covered herein the parties hereto are bound by
aU provisions of the current edition of the Code of Standard Practice of American Institute
of Steel Construction. Inc., it being agreed that such provisions are within the knowledge
of both parties.
10. This rider is a ttached to and forms part of ~ ~:=I dated ........................._...... _...
roc
By
By
Date;
AMEFlIC" N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

298
A. L S.C. CODE OF S T A NDARD PRAC T I C E
STANDARD DOCUMENTS
STANDARD RELEASE AND INDEMNITY AG REEMENT
KNOW ALL MEN, that
a corporation organized and e)(isting undu and by virtue of the laws of the State of
(hereinafter called the SeHer), for and in consideration of the sum of
dollars (S ), lawful moner of the United States, to it in hand paid by
a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the Jaws of the SL1te of
(hereinafter called the Buyer) as and for the final l><lyment due the Seller
from the Buyer under the certain contract between them dated for
the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged. has remised. released. and forever discharged.
and by these presents does for itself. its successors and assigns. remise. release and forever
discharge the said Buyer. its successors and assigns. of and from any. and all claims and
demands whatsoever in law or in equity, which against the said Buyer, the Seller ever had,
now has or which it, or its successors or assigns hereafter can, shall or ma y have for, upon
or by reason of any matter, cause or thing whatsoever in respect of payments, amounts or
sums due the said Seller for work performed or materials furnished under the said contract.
And the said Seller hereby covenants and agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the
said Buyer and also the owner of the properly improved under the s.1id contract. their
respective successors and assigns, from any pecuniary loss arising out of or in respect of
any liens or other claims filed or presented for or on account of the work done and materials
furnished by the Seller under said contra ct or for surety bond or bonds and premiums on
insurance accruing out of the work done and materials furnished by the Seller under said
contract.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF. the Seller has caused this instrument to be signed by its
thereto duly authorized. and has caused its
corporate seal to be hereunto affixed. attested by its Secretar}' this day of
, 19
By:
Attest:
AMERICAN INSTITUTE O F STEEL CONSTRUCTION

299
A.LS.C. CODE OF S T A N DA RD P R ACT I C E
CORPORATE ACKNOWLEDG MENT
STATE OF
COUNTY OF
On this day of , 19 , before me personally came

, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn.
did depose and say that he resides in
tha t he is the of the
tl1(' corporation described in and which executed the foregoing instrument: that he knows
the seal of &lid corporation; that the seal affixed to said instrument is such corporate seal;
tha t it was so affixed by order of the board of directors of said corporation. and that he
signed his name thereto by like order.
Notary Public
INDIV IDUAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT
STATE OF
COUNTY OF
On this day of , 19 . before me personally came

. to me known. who, being by me duly sv..om,
did depose and say that he is t he individual described in and who executed t he foregoing
instrument, and acknowledged that he executed the same.
Notary Public
AM E R ICAN I N S TITUT E OF STEEL C ON ST RUCT I O N

300
A MERICAN IN ST ITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATION FOR FIREPROOFING

STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS
I\.S ADOPT E:O OC T O B E R . 1927. WI T H E DI T O RI A L REV I S IO N J A N UAR Y . 19U
FOREWORD
The Specification of lhe American Engineering Standards Committee for Fire
Tests of Building Construction and lo.hterials as published by the American Society
for Testing l\'laterials, serial designation C 19-26T , shall apply so far as it defines lest
procedure. The present specification provides an alternate method of defining the
end point of the tests which is based on the maximum temperatures at which the
structural steel is permined to carry the stresses used in the design.
It is not intended that this specification will cover fire hazards that may occur
during construction.
I t is contemplated that the exterior a nd interior walls and the floor or roof slabs
of the building wi!! confine the fire to its place of origin without protection by auto-
malic sprinklers or manual fire protection.
Such data regarding the fire resistance of structural steel members, and the
insulating properties of materials. as have been derived in act"ordance with the specifi
cation C 19-26T. and that are found applicable to types of building members treated
in tlus specification. may be used.
Data of t his nature regarding columns were developed in a co-operative series of
fire tests by The Associated Factory Mutual Laboratory. The Underwriters' L.l bora
tories, and the Bureau of Standards. the results of which are given in the publication
" Fire Tests of Building Columns," obtainable from the Underwriters' Laboratories,
Chicago, Ill., or the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.
Since this specification deals with the question of fire protection from a relatively
new standpoint, it has been considered advisable to incorporate some data that are
informative, which if attached as notes or appendix might be overlooked.
SECTION I. PURPOSE AND SCOPE.

T he pur)XlSe and scope of this specification is:-
(a) To define basic conditions relat ive to the insulation necessary to protect
structural steel when exposed to fire hazards, and t hus enable engineers to design and
classify steel structures for temperature resistance.
(b) To provide data that will enable the classification of fire hamrds, and to
rate them on the basis of their relative intensity and duration as compared to an
established standard time-temperature hazard.
(c) To dcfine the physical characteristics of structural steel within the temper
ature range that it is capable of carrying the working stresses used in designing. thus
making possible the substitution of temperature determinations for the loading of
test specimens during fire tests.
(d) To define fire test procedure that will give data on a uniform basis regarding
the insulating properties of different fire-resistive insulators.
AMERIC A N INS TITUTE O F STEEL C O N S TR U CTI O N

301
A.I.S.C. S P EC I FICAT I ON FOR FIREPROOFING
SECTION 2. FIRES.
(a) The intensity and duration of fires is variable, but for the purpose of this
specification all fires shall be classified. with regard to their intensity and duration. on
the basis of the average time-temperature definitions as set forth in the tentative
specification for fire tests on building construction and materials as prepared by the
sectional committee on Fire Test Specifications under the joint sponson;hip of the
United States Bureau of Standarrls. the American Engineering Standards Committee
Fire Test Group, and the American Society for Testing Materials, in accordance with
the procedure of the American E ngineering Standards Committee, and published by
the American Society for Testing Materials under serial designation C 19-26T.
(b) The time-temperature definition of the above referred-to specification is
gh'en by the accompanying table and shown by the curve in Fig. 1.
1000" F. at 5 minutes duration 19250 F. at 3 hours duration

1300" F. at 10 minutes duration 2000" F. at 4 hours duration
1550" P. at 30 minutes duration 2075 F. at 5 hours duration
1700" F. at 1 hour duration 2150" F. at 6 hours duration
1792 F. at 1 hour and 30 min. 2225" F. at 7 hours duration
1850" F. at 2 hours duration 2300" F. at 8 hours duration
,~
---- " 00
,~
'MOI--17'~--1---t--1---t--+-~ '000
~
.: 11500 l- ,f-f--+--+--1---+--+--t----r
! ~~"
~1400~1L-+_--+_--1_--+---t--_+--_+-_1
8 lOOg

!1200 -I---+---+---j---j----f---f---+_~ ;
1
' ,0001l--1---t--1---t--1---t--+-~
~,
,,
~
000 ,
r
.00
oooll-4--+--~+--t~--+--{ '00
'00+_-1---t--1---t--1---t--t---~ ~
'00
0
o~--+---',c--j,.--c,t--,,<---,<---,,---,r,
TIme, "au".
FIG. 1. Time Temperature Curve
AMERICAN INST I TUTE O F STEEL CONSTRUCTION

302
A. I .S.C. SP E C IFI C ATION FOR FIREPROOFING
(e) The temperature in the combustion chamber fixed by the curve shall be
deemed the av'~rage obtained from the readings of several thermo-couples (not less
than three) sym.metrically Jocatl. to show the temperature near all parts of tlle
specimen being' tested, the lhermo-coupJes being enclosed and sealed in standard
porcelain tubes ~ inch outside diameter, and \,..jth walls .Va indl thick. The exJ):)SOO
length of the t hermo-oouples and porcelain tubes shall extend not less than 12 inches
into t he combustion test chamber. P yrometers or thermo-couple protecting t ubes
which are not ~,tandard may be used if under test conditions they give read ings that
are within the limits of accuracy that apply for furnace-temperature measurements.
Other conditions defining the control of fire tests shall be as fixed by the above referred-
to specificatiomi.
SECTION 3. FIR.E HA.ZARDS.

C. ) For tbe purpose of this specification fire hazards shall be classified in accord-
ance v.ith the nature and combustibility of the materials which the buildings contain.
Cb ) F ireresistive buildings shall be rated as to fire hazards due to interior fires
on the basis of the temperature which t heir combustible contents will produce, and the
time that is nece!S3.ry to complete the burning of the combustible contents as compared
to the standard time-temperature definition above given.
Co;:) The !Iteel in the exterior walls of buildings sh.all be adequately protected
against existing or probable maximum future exterior fire hazards.
Cd ) The occupancy rating of the fire hazards of fire-resistive buildings or parls
thereof. shall b<~ based upon the quantity of combustible contents per square foot of
floor, and the e.~uivalent intensity of fire which the contents will produce as compared
to the standa rd timetemperature curve.
(e) All fi.re-resistive buildings, together with such parts as are used for the
storage or handling of extra quantities of combustible materials, shall be fireproofed
to prot.ect them against maximum fire hazards within any section having fire separation
from the remainder of the building. in accordance with the measured quantities of
contained combustible materials including wood floor covering and wood trim. The
burning out teN.S conducted by the Bureau of Standards with office occupancy and
record storage. indicate the following equivalent fire hazard will approximately apply:
10 po~lIlds per square foot constitutes a 1 hour fire hazard

15 pounds per square foot constitutes a ll ~ hour fire hazard
20 pounds per square foot constitutes a 2 hour fire ha7.ard
30 pounds per square foot constitutes a 3 hour fire hazard
40 pounds per square foot constitutes a 4.!4 hour fire hazard
50 pounds per square foot constitutes a 6 hour fire hazard
60 potU'lds per square foot constitutes a 7.!4 hour fire hazard
T he maximum fire hazard based on the weight of combustible materials shall be

determined from the floor area of anyone bay of the building or fire division thereof.
The above classification when applied to office equipment is based upon the use
of wood furniture and shelving. Other burning out tests of offices equipped with
metal furniture and shelving. and with papers e.'<posed by opened drawers, show a
very substantial reduction of the fire hazard.
AM E R ICA N IN STITUTE O F STEE L C O N STRU C TI O N

303
A.I.S.C. S PE CIF I CAT ION FOR FIREPROOF IN G
T he combustible contents of some fire-resistive buitdings may weigh less than 10

pounds per square foot of floor, but for the purpose of this specification no building
shall be considered fire-resistive that is not constructed to resist a fire of at least one
hour standard duration with the pertaining safety factor.
SECTION 4. STEEL.
(. ) The occasion for fireproofing structural steel is to insulate it against a rise
of temperature that would seriously impair its ability to sustain the loads at the unit
stresses used in the design.
(b ) This specification applies only to steel of the quality defined by the A. S. T. M.
Standard Specifications for Steel for Buildings and Steel for Bridges.
(c:) The maximum working stresses for structural steel shall be those fixed by
the Standard Specification for the Design. Fabrication. and Erection of Structural Steel
for Buildings of the American Institute of Steel Construction, as amended to date.
(d ) Under the conditions of this specification the structural steel shall carry
the entire load. except that beams, girders, or trusses. may have waU bearing supports,
and no stress shall be assumed. as carried by the fireproormg materials. when subjected
to a fire. In cases where the original design considers a part of the compression
stresses as carried by some of the material used for fireproofing, a corresponding
percentage of the stress may be considered as carrit!d by the fireproofing material
during a fire.
(e) In steel frame buildings or in buildings with part wall bearing. the skeleton
frame shall be considered as the columns. and the girders. beams, trusses and spandrels
having direct connections to the column. The secondary members of floor or foof
panels are those which have no direct connections to the columns o f the building.
Supplementary steel members shall be those members used in connect ion with openings
in outside wall or interior partitions, and which do not transmit the loads which they
may carry through direct connections to the skeleton frame or secondary members.
Masonry bearing lintels spanning openings greater lhan six feet shall be considered
secondary members.
(f ) T he strength of structural steel at approxima tely 550" F. is about 25 per
cent greater than its nonnal temperature strenglh, and at 800~ F. its strength is
approximately the same as its nom}al temperature strength.
At a temperature o f lCXXl~ F. the compression strength of steel is approximately
the same as the maximum permissible working stress in columns. and under a rare
hazard of fire it shall be permissible for insulated steel columns to carry thei r working
stresses when the average temperature at any critical CfOSS section does not exceed
lCXXlo F '. or when the maximum temperature at the critical cross section does not
exceed 12000 F.
If the maximum working stress in tension or compression is 18000 pounds per
square inch in any member or critical flange of a member resisting bending moments.
it shall be permissible for the member to carry its maximum working stress if the
average temperature does not exceed l CXXl~ F .. or the maximum does not exceed 1200" F.
at any cross section of the member, or its critical flange. If higher working stresses
are used. proper consideration shall be given to extra insulation against temperature.
Revised January. 1934.
AMERICAN IN ST IT UTE OF $TE;E;1.. CO N S TR UCTI O N

304
A.I.S.C. SPECIF I CATION FOR FIREPROOF I NG
eg) If structural steel of special manufacture is used at higher working stresses

than those fixed by this specification. iLS strength as compared to the steel of this
specification at high temperatures shall be determined. and it shall be insulated against
a rise of temperature that wi1l leave its strength proportionately above lhe working
stress.
(h ) The average coefficient of expansion for structural steel between the temper-
atures of 200" F. and 1100" F . is given by the fonnula
C _ .00D0061 + .00Cl00Cl0022
in which C is the coefficient of e.>:pansion for each degree Fahrenheit, and I is the
temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
From 1100" f. to 1400" F. there is a slight variation in the coefficient. and below
200"F. the variation is less than that at the higher temperatures.
-(i) Structural steel maintained at various constant temperatures has a uniform
modulus of elasticity up to the elastic limit stress. but between the elastic limit stress
and the yield point stress, the rate of defonnation y,ith stress is a variable. If a
member is subject to bending which produces stresses in the extreme fiber above the
elastic limit it results in the extreme tiber and II portion of the adjacent fibers nearer
the neutral axis carrying approximately the same streSSC'!. and accounts for yield
points determined by flexure being sometimes considerabl y higher than yield points
determined by axial tension.
T he modulus of elasticit y of steel decreases as the temperature increases, and the
initial or tangent modulus of elasticity for temperatures between 200 F. and 1300" F,
is given approximately by the (annula
E - 324CXXX'O - 17000 t
in which E is the initial or tangent modulus of elasticity in pounds per square inch and
t is the temperature in degrees Fahr. Between room temperature and 200Q F. there
is a 9rnaller variation in E,
The formula E - 324CXXX'O - 17000 t does not apply for stresses above the
elastic or proportional limit which varies with the temperature approximately as
follows:
200 F, Elastic Limit - 33000 pounds per SQ. in.
300" F. Elastic Limit - 28(XX) pounds per sq. in.
500" F. Elastic Limit - WOOO pounds per SQ . in.
700" F. Elastic Limit - 12000 pounds per sq. in.
900" F. Elastic Limit - 8000 pounds per SQ. in.
1100" F. Elastic Limit - 5CKX) pounds per sq. in.
1300" F. Elastic Limit - 2000 pounds per sq. in.
SECTION 5. FIREPROOFING MATERIALS.

(a ) The insulating materia! used shall be so applied that the difference in temper-
ature of the steel in any cross section shall not set up serious internal or buckling
stresses, and so that surh variation as e.-..:ists wi!! be symmetrical about the axes of
compression members.
(b) Fire-resisting insulating material shall continue to function within the
temperature range of its use, and shall be so applied that it will not crack, spall, or
buckle to seriously expose the steel to direct heat from fire .
Revised January, 193~.
A ..... E:R1CA N INSTITUTE: O F STE:E:L CO N S TRUCTI O N

305
A,!. S,C. SPECIFICATION FOR FIREPROOFING
(e) If the insulating of columns contemplates the use of air spaces between the
steel and the insulator. there shall he fU'e-stops placed at the !loor levels.
SECTION 6. TESTS.
(a ) In lieu of the test procedure described in e 19-26T the following procedure
may he employed in the preparation of data regard ing the fire-resistive properties of
insulating materials that are used under the condi-
lions of this specification.
(b ) If the insulation contemplates the use of air
spaces between the steel and the insulator, the ends
of the test specimen shall be thoroughly fire-stopped
to prevent the escape of heat from the air spaces.
(c) Temperature reading of all thenno-ooupies
both in the combustion chamber and on the steel
shall be marle every five minutes during the first
hour of the test. but may be read at 15 minute in-
tervals thereafter.
(d) Test specimens for columns shal\ consist of a
Wide Flange Section 10 feet long with not less than
15 thermo-couples arranged as shown in Fig. 2.
The Wide Flange Section shall be approximately 8
inches square and weigh apprO);imateiy32 pounds per
linear foot. The thermo-couples A. B. C,-A t B\>
C lo-A2. B2. C,.-A3. 8 3. C3.-A . n. C . shall be
placed against or in the steel in the positions shown
to give the temperature of the steel whether the
fireproofmg is 80lid or includes an air space. Col-
umn tests shall be conducted with the test spedme.-,
in a vertical posiliOt'J. The avetage temperature of
the steel at different CTO$ sections as found by the
readings of thermo-coupJes A. B, e,-AI. Bio eL.
etc., shall not exceed 10000 F . and the maximum
reading for any thermo-coupJe shall not exceed
12000 F, The average temperature of the steel as
found for any cross section by the reading of A, B.
e,-AI- Blo C" etc,. will be obtained for this test
FIG. 2, Column Fireproofing Test specimen by the following formula:
Average - .39 X A (reading) + .5 X B (reading) + .11 X e (reading)

Example: If A reading is 12000 r .. B reading is 11000 r .. and C reading is 1000 F ..
the average for the area is .39 X 1200 + .5 X 1100 + .11 X 1000 - 1128 F,
Rcvi!lCd January. 1931.
AMERLCA,N IN S TIT UTE O F STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

306
A . LS.C. SPEC I FICATION FOR FIREPROOF I NG
(e) The test specimen for girder.> in paneled ceiling construction shall oon~ist of
a rolled steel girder 13 feet long with not less than 15 thermo-couples arranged as
shown in Fig. 3. The section shall be appTO;t;:imately 18 inches deep with a flange
appro:dmately 12 inches wide and weigh approximately 96 pounds per linear foot. The
panel projection below the ceiling shall be about 1'-3", and the lhenno-coupJes A. B.
C,- A,. B, C, . etc . shall be placed against or in the steel in the position shown to give
the temperature of t he steel whether the fireproofing is solid or includes an air space.
The specimen shan be tested in a horizontal IX>Sition. The average temperature of the
stee!ofthe flange as found from the readings of lhenno-couples A, B, C,- A,. B,. C,.-
A2, 82. C 2. etc., shall not exceed 1000" r" and the maximum reading for any thermo-
couple shall not exceed 1200" F . The average temperature of the steel of any flange
cross section as found from the reading of A, B, C,-AI> B" C I , etc., will be obtained
for this test specimen by the following formula:
Average"" .43 X A (reading) + .S X B (reading) + .07 X C (reading)
(f) T he test specimen for flush ceiling floor construction shaH consist of a roned
steel beam 13 feet long with not less than IS thenno-couplesarranged asshownin F ig. 4.
The section shall be approx imately 10 inches deep with a flange approximately SU
inches or 6 inches wide, and shall weigh approx imately 23 pounds per linear foot. The
t hermo-couples A. B. C,- A I , B I C I etc., shall be placed against or in the steel in the
position shown to give the temperature of the steel whether the fireproofing is solid or
includes an air space. The specimen shall be tested in a horizontal position. The
Revi....:! January. 1934.
A MER ICA N I N S TI TU TE OF" ST E EL. CON S TRUC T IO N

307
A."S.C. SPECIF I C ATI O N FOR FIREPROOF ING
average temperature of the steel of the flange as (ound from the readings of thermo-
couples A, B. C.- I\" 13,. C,. etc., shall not exceed 1000 F., and the maximum
reading for any thermo-couple shaJl not exceed 1200" F. The average temperature of
the steel of any flange cross section as found from the reading of A, B. C,- A lo B,.
C" etc., will be ohtained for this test specimen by the following formula:
Average co .<13 X A (reading) + .5 X B (reading) + .07 X C (reading)
SECTION 7. SAFETY FACTOR.
(a ) Steel buildings whose condition of exterior elI:posure and whose contents

under fire hazards will not produce a temperature greater than 800" F. in the steeL
shaH be considered fire-resistive without insulating protection for the steel.
(b ) If the steel work has an insulating protection, the safety factor shall be
based on the fireproofing material providing protection for a greater period of time
than the combustible contents uf the building will bum as shown in Section 3 (e)
of this specification. T he safety factor for all skeleton frame and secondary members
shall be 1,!1. For example: If a building contains to pounds of combustible material
per "Quare foot of floor, and has a fire hazard of one hour duration, the steel work shall
be protected against the temperatures defined in this specification for 1.\1 hours.
Supplementary members shall not require insulating protection .
The following tabulated data is not a part of the fireproofmg specification, but is
given here to a id the engineer in a fuller understanding of the conditions relating to
the subject. It has been compiled from a careful stud y of all the available literature
that has appeared since about 1890 and is in substa ntial agreement with the research.
findings of Dr. Albert Sauveur. who is the Gordon McKay Professor of Metallurgy and
Metallography of Harva rd University.
T he tangen t elastic limit is the stress per square inch at which the stress-strain
curve ceaSC$ to be a straight line. h will be noted that at high temperatures t he
spread between the tangent elastic limit and the yield point is greater than at normal
tempera tures.
--
T eml>f:'1lture
Fallr.
"'"
"'"
Ultimate
Stre ngth.
Pounda
""rSq. l n.
''''''''
'""'"
""'"
Y;eJd Point
Pounds
pe.. Sq. In.
""""
"00l
Tangent
Elastic Limit
Pounds
per Sq. In.
""""
"."
""""
Modulus of
Elasticity
Pounds
per Sq. In.
:JO 700 000

"27300000
00l00l
Per Cm!
Elongation
""
Per Cmt
Red u.;tion
ofA~
""
"'"
'00
"'" """"
""""
'"""
,,"00
""'"
"00l
'0000
25600000
23 900 000 """ """
"'" 66000 HOOl
.""'
,moo" '"'''' """ """
.."
""'" 00l
""
BOO """"
."""
""" ,moo
"00l
""" '" "'" 00l
18800000
"" ""'" """ 17100 000

"
''''''
..""
'00l 34000 15400 000 00
0000
"00
"00
"00
'0000
"''''
"00l
"00l
''''''' '''''
"'"
13100000
12000000
10300 000 "96
"00l
AM ERICA N IN S TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI O N

"
308
SPECIFICATIONS FOR STEEL FOR BRIDGES

A.S.T.M. DE SIG NATION : A 136
APP R OVE:O AS AMERICA N STANDARD BY THE A M E R ICAN STANDARDS ASSOCIA TI ON
A. S. A. N O: G 18_193&
1. (a) Steel Cutin,.

The Tentative Specifications for Carbon-Steel Castings for Miscellaneous In-
dustrial Uses (A . S. T. M. Designation: A27-36T) of the American Society for Testing
Materials. shall govern the purchase of steel castings for bridges. Unless otherwise
specified. Grade B-1 castings, fully annealed shall be used.
(b ) Stru ctu ral Rivet Steel.

Unless otherwise specified. the Standard Specifications for Structural Rivet Steel
(A. S. T. M. Designation: A I,ll) of the American Society for Testing Materials. shall
govern the purchase of rivets for use with steel purchased under these specifications.
(e) For,in , .
The Standard Specifications for Carbon-Steel and !\lIoy-SteeJ rorgings (A. S. T. M.
Designation: A 18) of the American Society for Testing Materials. may also be used
for forgings.
Roll ed Sue Plate.

2. Rolled base plates over 2 in. in thickness for bearing purposes shall be open-
hearth or electric-furnace steel containing 0.20 to 0.35 per cent carbon. The chemical
composition shaH also confonn to the requirements specified in Section 4. A suffi-
cient discard shall be made from each ingot to secure sound plates. Physical tests
shall not be required for this materiaL
MANUFACTURE.
Proce ...
3. The steel shall be made by eit her or both of the following processes: open-hearth
or electric-furnace.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS.

Chemical Compo.ition .
4. The steel shall confonn to the following requirements as to chemical composition :
Acid . 0.06
1
Phosphorus, max .. per cent Basic ___ _ OJ)'
Sulfur, max .. per cent.... _.. ... 0.05
Copper. when copper steel is specified. min., per cent 0.20
Ladle Analyses.
5. An analysis of each melt of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to detennine
the percentages of carbon, manganese. Phosl>horus ancl sulfur: also copper when
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF" STEEL. CON STRUCTION

309
A.S. T .M. ST EE l. FO R B RI DGES
copper steel is specified. This analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken during
the pouring of the melt. The chemical composition thus determined shall be reported
to the purchaser or his representative and the percentages of phosphorus an<! sulfur.
and copper when copper steel is specified. shall COliform to the requirements specified
in Section 4.
C h ec k An a lyse .
6. Analyses may be made by the purchaser from fmished material representing each
melt. The phosphorus and sulfur content thus determined shall not c)Cceed that
specified in Section <I by more than 25 per cent.
PHYSICAL PROPERTI ES AND TESTS .
7. <a l The material. e.xccpl as specified in Section 2 and Paragraph (d) of t his
section. shall conform to the following requi rements as to tensile properties:
1'!3f""'. Sh:I!>e'. Eye!:>.,. F13fs
3nd Bani Ufl3n"""lcd
Tensile strength. lb. per sq. in..................... 60 OCK) to 72 OCK) 67 000 to 82 OQ()""
Yield lJOinl. min .. lb. per sq. in .................. . 0.5 tens. str. 0.5 tens. str.
but in TIQ case less than ............................ 33000 36000
Elongation in 8 in . min .. per cent.. ..... .. 1 500 """ 1 500 """
Tens. str. Tens. str.
Elongation in 2 in . min., per cent.. ............ 22' 20'
(b ) When finished eyebars 3re subject to fullsize tests. the physical propert ies
required for specimen tests of the eyebar flats urta nnealed shaH be determined by the
manufacturer of the eyebars.
(c) When full-si.ze tests are specified for finished. annealed eyebars they shall
conform to the following requirements as to tensile properties:
Tensile strength. min .. lb. per sq. in ...................... .............. .. 60000
Yield point. m in .. lb. per sq. in ............................................... .. 33000
Elongation in 18 It .. min .. per cent .................................... . 12
The elongat ion shall be measured in the body of the bar including the fractu re. T he
fracture shall show a silky or finely granular structure throughout.
(d ) Flatrolled steel h, in. and under in thickness. shapes less than 1 sq. in. in
cross section and bars. other than flats. less than M in. in thickness or d iameter need
T1Qt be subjected to tension tests.
(e) The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam or halt in the
gage of the testing machine.
Modi6c ation s in Elon arat.ion .

8. <a) For material over ~ in. in thickness or diameter. a deduction from the
percentage of elongation in 8 in. specified in Section 7 (a) of 0.25 per cent shall be
made for each increase of " iu. of the specified thickness or diameter aoove ~ in. to
a minimum of 18 per cent for plates. shape'J and bars and a minimum of 14 per cent
for eyebar lIats unannealed.
G See Paragraph (b) .

~ See Seclion B.
WhMl SflCClmen oh<>wn In Fig. 2 18 uoed; _ SKli,,", 10 (~ ) and (g).
A M E R tC"' N IN ST I T U T E O F STEEl... C ON S TR UC T ION

310
A.S.T.M. STEEL. FOR BRIDGES
(b) For material under -h in. in thickness or diameter. a deduction from the
percentage of elongation in 8 in. slJeCilicd in Section 7 (a) of 1.25 per cent shall be
made for each decrease of n
in. of the specified thickness or diameter below -h in.
Ben d T eah.
9. Bend test specimens shall stand being bent cold through 180 deg. without cracking
on the outside of the bent portion around a pin the diameter of which shall have the
following relation to the thickness of the specimen:
l{alia: PIn Diameter
ThkkllfJ!S of Spcl:imen
f'la~ .. Shape$, 'ir,cbar FlaUl
Tttickneu of M(lIcrial and Uan na.mealed
Up to ~ in .. inclusive..... ___ ............................... . )j l)j
Over ~ to 1 in .. inclusive................. _................ . 1 2)j
Over 1 to 1M in .. inclusive.................................... l )j 3
Over 1M to 2 in .. inclusive.................................. . 2)j 4
Over 2 in .... 3 4)j
re COI.r"OO" 1
ll---'--_""."~
Gate U~,Ch 10' Mu. urln,
."., " 1
Elonll,Uon alter r,actur e
t_ThlCkneu 01 PI,t"
F IG. 1. Standard 8 in. Gage Length Test Specimen.
10. (.) Test specimens shall be prepared for testing from the material in its rolled
or forged condition, except a s specified in Paragraph (b).
(b) Test specimens for annealed material, except eyebars, shall be prepared
from the material as annealed for use or from a short length of a full section from the
same melt similarly treated.
(e) Test specimens shall be taken longitudinally and. CXCC!>t as specified in
Paragraphs (e), <0 and (g), shall be of the full thickness or section of material as
rol!ed.
(d ) Test specimens for plates. shapes and flats may be machined to the form
and dimensions shown in Fig. I, or with both edges parallal.
AI"IE:R ICAN 1N ST I TU T E: O F S TEEL CONST RUCT ION

3 11
... . S .T . M. S TEEL FOR BRID GES
(e) Tension test specimens for material over 1!1l in. in thickness or diameter,
except pins and rollers. may be machined to a thickness or diameter of at least ~ in.
for a length of at least 9 in. or they may oonfonn to the dimensions shown in Fig. 2.
(f ) Ben<! test specimens for material over l .~ in. in th ickness or diameter, except
pins and rollers. may be machined to a thickness or diameter of at least %" in. or to 1
by J1 in. in section.
(e ) Tension test specimens for pins and rollers shall confonn to the dimensions
shown in Fig. 2, and bend test specimens shall be I by Y2 in. in seetion.
(h ) Test specimens for pins and rollers shall be taken so that the axis is I in. from
the surface.
(i) The machined sides of rectangular bend lest specimens may have the corners
rounded to a radius not over 1-M in.
""'"
'.~./
Not e:- Th e G ~ ge Le ngth ,
P ar ~lI e l Sect ion , , nd F illets
sha ll be u Shown , but th e
En ds m a y be of any S ha pe t o
fit t h e Hold e,.. 01 th e T n ting
Machi ne in such a W ay that
k 2"O.OOO"
Galle Le"lIth ~
I t he L<d sh, 1I be ax i,l.
E1onllatlon ai!er F ract~r.
F IG. 2. Standard 2 in. Gage Length T ension Test Specimen.
Number of Teste.
11. Ca l Two tension and two bend tests shall be made from each melt. unless the
finished material from a melt is less than 30 tons when one tension and one bend test
will be sufficient. If, however. material from one melt diffen ~ in. or more in thick-
ness, one tension and one bend test shall be made from both the thickest and thinnest
material rolled rega rdless of the weight represented.
(b ) I f any test specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws, it mar be
d iscarded and another specimen substituted.
(e) If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is less than that
specified in Section 7 Ca) iltld any part of the fracture is more than ~ in. from the
center of the gage length of a 2 in. specimen or is outside the middle t hird of the gage
length of an 8 in. specimen, as indicated by scribe scratches marked on the specimen
before test ing, a retest shall be allowed.
PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN WEIGHT AND THICKNESS.

Permi ssibl e Variations .
12. (a ) One cubic inch of rolled steel is assumed to weight 0.2833 lb. The cross-
sectional area or weigh t of each structural-size shape and of each universal mill plate
up to and including 36 in. in wid th and 2 in. in thickness shall not vary more than
2.5 per cent from t he theoretical or specified amounts. T he thickness or weights of
rectangular sheared mill plates and of rectangular universal mill plates over 36 in. in
width or over 2 in. in thickness shall conform to the requirements of Pardgraphs (b).
(c) or Cd).
AMERI C AN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

312
A.S.T.M. STEEL FOR BRIDGES
(b) Pla t e., W h en Ordered to Wei ght pe r Square Foot.- The weight of
each loti of plates in each shipment shall not \'ary from the weight ordered more than
the amounts given in Table I.
TABLE i.- PERMI SSIBLE VARIATIONS OF RECTAr-:CULAR PLATES ORDERED TO WEICHT.
Penn"'ibl~ Vari:ltion. In A""",ge We~hl. "". Squa ...

1'00\ of Plate! for WidthS G,ven,
Expressed in ~rttntaj('" of Or<lcred Wei~hlO
Ordered
Weight. Under
00 ,n.. 72'" in.
4810 nw I968 110
'0 I\.I.n., ,n.,
%w 1108(0 112010
108 in , 120 in. 132 in .. 132 '"
Ordered
Weight,
lb. Ptt 11<1. ft. ~8 in. lb. per SQ . ft.
nd . ncl. uel. ucl. ud. nel. nc! . Over
---.-
, ,,,, ,,., ,,
,,,., ,,, , , , ,.... , ..... , '0..
U"duS.~_~
7.5 '0
7.5, e~~l. 4.5 3 , 5.5 3
, ,,
, , ,., , , , ,,
,
, ...
Unde.5
7.S, net.
,,.,'-' ,., .,,., , ,, ,,, ,,, ,,,-- ,,,

o. W.
,., ,,., .., ,, ,.., ,,, ..

'1.5 3 W. "
W
12.5 ..
" 12.5,
". ..
" 4.5
,, ,, , 5.5 3
W "
12.5 ..
" 12.5, "
,,,., ,,," ," ,"

2.5 4
" " ..
"
" 17.5, " 2.5 3
" ,., 5.5 3
, , ,, , , " 17.5- "
" " ,., ,., ,., ,,
,.,
,.,
.'" .
17.5 .. 20, " 2.5 3 3.5 5.5 17.5 20, "
. 25. (,5 3
, ..,, ,, .. 25.
..
'"
" V.i 2 2.5 2 .5 3 5.5 3
'"" . 30.
,,,, ,,, ,
,"" , ,., ,'" ,., ,.,
2. 5 2 2.5 3 45 3
, . 30.
'""
" "
" "
.. 81:6. incl.
2 2 3 2.' 3.5 3 40. "
2 2 2
NOTE. The w~ight po1' ......~ .... foot of individual plates ohall not vary from the
3
" 3,5 3 3 .. 81.6. incl .
on:I~.....t "'~ight by """"

Itwln one ,,,,d "",,third the 3rnQUnt riven in Ihis 131>/e.
TABLE II .- PERMISSIBLE OVERWE[CHTS OF RECT ANCULAR ?LA TES ORDERED TO

TmCKNESS.
Perrnis&ible Exc_ in A ... cml(e Weijlht.o p"r Squa ....

Foot of Pial ... for Widths Gwen.
om,,., ~::';prnroed in Percentages of Nominal Weighl. om,,.,
Thi<;k ........ , Thi<;knaa.
'". U""" 4810 00 '0 7210 '''0 108
" '0in .. w.~ 120 10 132 in. '".
48 in. 60 in . 72 in . s! in . 96 in . 120 in .. 132 in ..
excL 'w. e1CL ucl. excl . ~,. e1CL o.... r
- - 1 - - - - - - - ------ ---
Under Y8 .......... 9 12 ...... ...... .. .... _._ . Under Y8
Y8 to 'Vi. excl. 8
iO
9 iO "12 ......
" ...
.... ...... ...... ...... Y8 to ~M. exe!.
.. )1.
'" .. ' ..
" )1. " 7 8 9 10 12 .... ..... ...... "
'" ".
)1 " " 6 7 8 9 10 12
" "
12
16 19 )1 "
Ii.
"
'" ..
" " 7 9 "
" Ii 5 6 8 iO 17
Ii " !iE. " 4.5 5 6 7 8 9 iO 12 15 Ii " l{,. "
" li. " 4 4.5 5 6 7 8 9 iO 13 l{, h
..
I" ..
li " " 3.5 4 45 5 6 7 8 9 II li "
Ii.
Ii "
Ii
~i. " 3 3.5 4 45 5 6 7 8 9 h
.. ~i.
..
li " I. " 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 6 7 8 )1 " I. ..
I " 2. incl. 2.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 6 7 I " 2. incl.
NOTI!'. The ..e~ht of indivldua[ pmu,", on:Ic ..,d 10 thick ....... lhall not exceed the nominal weight by more
lhan one 300 onelhml lhe amount gwen in Ihis table.
, The t~r m "[ot" HI a,l!>Iied to Table 1 means aU lhe plales of eacll group widlh and group weight . A.
applied 10 Table II. il men", 311 I..... plales<)\' u ..h fP'O\Ip width and group IhiCI'nI:IIII.
AME;RICAN [NS TITUTE OF STEi:L. CON ST R UCT ION

31 3
A. S. T . M . S T EEL FO " BRID G E S
(0 ) P la te s, Whe n Ordered to T hi c knen. The thickness of each plate shall

not vary more than 0.01 in. under that ordered.
The overweight in each lot I of plates in each shipment shall not excec<l the amount
given in Table 1[,
,d ) Plates Ove r 2 in . in Thickneu.- All plates over 2 in. in thickness shall
conform to the pennissible variations over ordered thickness given in Table II I.
TAnL.E il L - PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS OVER QRO"REI) THICKNESS OF PLATES

OVER 2 IN. tN THI CKNESS.
NOTE.- Each plate shall not vary more than 0.01 in. under the ordered thickness.
-- I'em,i.. ible }o;."""" in Thkk ..."., in.
Width, in.
Ordered Thick,..,.,
m.
Up 1036. 36 to 60, 60 to S.I. 8<1 to 120. 120 10 132. 132 10 14-1.
".01.
I Ud. uel.
,
excl . ucL ucl .
0.062 UW) 0.094 ("') 0. 109 (~) 0.125 (.l1) 0.125 (.l1) 0.141 (" )
Over 2 to 3, excl.
3
..4.
.. 0.Q78 (~) 0.0<>1 % ) 0.109 (!t.) 0.125 Hil 0.125 (ys) 0.\41 (")
-I .. 6, .. 0.09, (~l 0.125 (ys) 0.141 (") 0. 141 ('!tt ) 0.156 (~) 0.172 (llij)
6 .. 8, .. 0.109 (Jti.) 0.125 (ys) 0.156 (~) 0.156 (~) 0.172 (l!.(.)
8 "10. .. 0. 172 (IJ(.) 0.187 ( ~) 0.187 (~ M)
10 "12. "
12 "15. "
... _.... ...
... _.............
0.187 (~) 0.234 (l~)
0.219 (~) 0.250 (~)
I 0.234 ( l~)
....... ...
....
FINISH.
Fini ah .
13. (. ) The finished material shall be free from inju rious de fects and shall have a
workmanlike fmish.
(b ) Surface imperfections that do not affect the full utility of the pieces. shall
no t be considered as injuriOUs defects in structural shapes, ~ in. or more in t hickness.
Such pieces may be processed by the following methods in order to give them a work-
manlike finish:
(1) When the surface imperfections are less than in. in dept h. they may be n
removed by grinding.
(2) When the surface imperfections are n
in. or more in depth. the pieces may
be subjected to chipping and welding under limiting conditions as folloW!.:
The cross-sectional area of any piece shall not be reduced more than 1.5 per cent
at any point. nor shall t he total area of the chipped surface of any piece exceed 2 per
cent of t he total surface area of that piece.
After any imperfection has been completely removed. the maximum depth of
depression shalloot exceed the following:
DEnn Of" DltI'RES510N.
T HICKN1!SS Of" MA"Jl<NIAL. IN. ~A X .. IN.
~upto )i ....................... .... ........ -- ... -... ......... -.. -.. ........ .......... to
~uptol .. ................... -- .... ...... ... ...... .........-
_ ... -.. )i
1 up to ]11. .-........... _.. ... .-..... -.. - -- .. .. to
H:I' up to 2h'. ....- ....._.. .. ........ _ .... j{
2~upto3M ... _- -_.... ..... ........ )j
'The ~rm "lot" B, applied to Table I _an.
aU the platts 01 each KreuP width and group weiilht.
applied to Table II . it ~"" all the plat" 0( each group width and lTOUfI thick ......
Ao
AMERI CAN I N S T I T U TE O F STEEL C ON S TRUG TION

3 14
A.5.T.M. STEEL FOR BR I DGES
An experienced mill inspector shall inspect the work after the chi])ping operation
to see that the defects have been oomplcu!ly removed and that the limitations specified
above have not been exceeded. T he inspector representing the purchaser shall be
given full O!>l)(lftunity to make this same inspection. All welding shall be done by
qualified welders using suir.able coaled welding rods. The welds shaJl be. sound: the
weld metal being thoroughly fused on aU surfaces and edges without undercutting or
overlap. Weld metal shall project at lcast h in. above the rolled surface after welding.
and the projecting metal shall be removed by chipping or grinding to make it flush
with the rolled surface and procluce a workmanlike finish.
MARK ING.
M a rkin g .
14. T he name or brand of the manufacturer and the melt number shall be legibly
stamped or rolled on all fmished material. except that lattice bars and other sma!!
sections shall. when loaded for shipment. be properly separated and marked for identi-
fication. The identification marks shall be legibly stamped on the end of each pin
and roller. T he melt number shall be legibly marked, by stamping. if practicable, on
each test specimen.
INSPECTION AND REJECTION.

In ap e ction.
15. The inspector representing the purchaser sha\! have free entry. at all times while
work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed. to al\ l><lrts of the manu-
facturer's works which concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manu-
facturer shall afford the inspector. without charge. all reasonable facilities to satisfy
him that the material is being furnished in accordance with these specifications. All
tests (except check analyses) and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture
prior to shipment. unless otherwise specified. and shan be so conducted as not to
interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.
R ej e ction.
16. (a) Unless otherwise specified. any rejection based on tests made in accordance
with Section 6 shall be reported within five working days from the receipt of samples.
(b ) Material which shows injuriOUs defects subsequent to its acceptance at the
manufacturer's works wi!! be rejected, and the manufacturer shall be notified.
Reheari n g .
17. Samples tested in accordance with Section 6. which represent rejected fTh1terial,
shall be preserved for two weeks from the date of the test report. In case of dis-
satisfaction with the results of the tests. the manufacturer mar make claim for a
rehearing within that time.
AMERICAN I N STI TU T E 01'" S T EEL CON STRUCTIO N

315
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATER I ALS
SPECIFICATIONS FOR STEEL FOR BUILDINGS

A.5.T.M. DESIGNAT10N : A 9-36
A PPROVED AS AMER I CAN STANDAR D BY THE AMERI CAN S T ANDARDS ASSOC I A TION
A. S. A. N O: G ' 9_ '936
1. Stru ctu r a l Ri ve t St .... 1.

Unless otherwise specified. the Standard Specifications (or Structural Rivet Steel
(A. S. T . M. Designation: A 141 ) of the American Societ)' for Testing Materials. shall
govern the purchase of rivets for use with steel pu rchased unde r these specifications.
R o ll ed Base Plate .
2. Rolled base plates over 2 in. in thickness for bearing purposes shall be open-hearth
or electric-furnace steel containing 0.20 to 0.35 per cent carbon. T he chemical com-
position shaH also confonn to the requirements specified in Sel;;t ion 4. A sufficient
discard shall be made from each ingot to secure sound plates. Physical tests shall not
be required for this material.
MANUFACTURE.
3. (. ) The steel. except as specified in Paragraph (b), shall be made by one or more
of the following processes; open-hearth, electric-furna ce or acid-bessemer.
(b) Steel for plates and shapes over Tr in. in thickness which are to be punched
shall be made by either or both of the followi ng processes: open-hearth or electric-
fu rnace.
CHEM ICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS.

Chemical Compoaition.
4. T he steel shall conform to the following requirements as to chemical composition:
P hosphorus. max., per cent 1==;tl~'~r ~l~~ric-f~'~~~~ :... ~:~

Copper, when copper steel is specified. min .. per cent 0.20
Lad le Ana lyau,

5. (a ) A carbon determination, and a copper detemlination when copper steel is
specified shall be made of each melt of bessemer steel, and determinations for man-
ganese. phosphorus and sulfur representing the average of the melts applied for each
8-hour period.
(b) An analysis of each melt of open-hearth or electric-furnace steel shall be
made to determine carbon, manganese. phosphorus and sulfur : also copper when copper
steel is specified .
(c) The analyses prescribed in Paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be made by the
manufaClurer from test ingots taken during the pouring of each melt. The chemical
composition thus determined shall be reported to the pu rchaser or his representative
and the percentage of phosphorus. and a190 copper when copper steel is specified, shall
confoml to the requirements specified in Section 4.
AMERICA N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CO N STRUCTION

316
A.S.T.M. STEEL FOR BUILDINGS
Ch""k An a lyse .
6. Analyses may be made by the purchaser from finished milteriai representing each
melt. The phosphorus content thus determined shall not exceed that specified in
Section 4 by more than 25 per cent.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS.

T ension T esta.
7. (a) The material. except ;IS specified in Seetion 2 and Paragraph (b) of this
section. shall conform to the following requirements as to tensile properties:
Tensile strength, lb. per 5<[. in. 60 000 to 72 000
Yield point. min .. lb. per sq. in. 0.5 tens. stT.
but in no case less than ............ _..... 33 000
I 400 ()()()a
Elongation in 8 in .. min .. per cent
Tens. stT.
Elongation in 2 in .. min .. per cent 22'
(b ) Flat rolled steel ~i/; in. and under in thickness. shapes less than I sq. in. in
cross se<:lion and oors. other than flats. less than J1 in. in thickness or diameter need
not be subjected to tension tests.
(c) The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam or halt in the
Modificationa in Elonll'ation.
8. <a) For material over ~ in. in thickness or diameter, a deduct ion from the per-
centage of e1ong-dtion in 8 in. specified in Section 7 (a) of 0.25 per cent shall be made
for each increase of !it in. of the specified thickness or diameter above ~ in., to a
minimum of 16 per cent.
<b) For material under ~, in. in thickness or diameter, a deduction from the
percentage of elongation in 8 in. specified in Section 7 (a) of 1.25 per cent shall be made
for each decrease of !it in. of the specified thickness or diameter below ;fe in.
Bend Teat..
9. Bend t est specimens shall stand being bent cold through ISO deg. without cracking
on the out.side of the bent portion. around a Ilin. the diameter of which shall have the
following relation to the thickness of the specimen.
. J> in Diamet..r
Thickoess of Materia! RatIO: Thickne. of Specimen
Up to U ;n .. indusive..:_.... _...................... _.................... I
Over>! to I in .. inclusive ...................... _........... 1 ~
Over 1 to 1~ in., inclusive .... __ ................................. _... 2
Over l ~ to 2 in. , inclusive .. ___ ...................................... 27li
Over 2 in ...... ..............................._......... .......................... 3
Teat S pec imen .

10. (a > Test specimens shall be prepared for testing from the material in its rolled
or forged condition except as specified in Paragrdph (b).
" See Section 8.

b Wh<'n 8pe<:;mL"fl sho"' n in Fig. 2 i. used: lICe Section 10 (..) and (g).
AMERICAN IN S TITUT E O F STEEL CONSTRUCTION

317
A .S. T.M. ST EEL FOR BUILDIN GS
(b ) Test specimens for annealed material shall be prepared from the material
as annealed for use. or from a short length of a full section from the same melt sim-
ilarly treated.
(e) Test specimens shall be taken longitudinally and. except as specified in
Paragraphs (el. (f) and (g), shall be of the full thickness or section of material as rolled.
(d ) Test specimens for plates. shapes and flats may be machined to the fonn
and dimensions shown in Fig. 1. or with both edges parallel.
1 .".,," ~
k,"o,o,'-"_--<II
Ga~" L . n~th lor Mea.urlnll
[Ionllallon aI _ r"'Clu'e
t _T hlc~,,". 01 Plate
FIG. 1. Standard 8 in. Gage Length Test Specimen.
... Note:- Th e Gage Lengt h .

p",allel Section, and Filleu

shall be U Shown, but the
t"%o.o I ~ ,, ,, End . may ~ o f any Shape to
! fit the Hold e rs of the T esti ng
'",/
Machine in such" W"1
the Load .hall be ~~I~ .
tlla!
FIG. 2. Standard 2 in. Gage Length Tension T est Specimen.
(e) Tension test specimens for material over I J1 in. in thickness or diameter.
except pins and rollers. may be machined to a thickness or diame ter of at least ~ in.
for a length of at least 9 in .. or they may conform to the dimensions shown in Fig. 2.
(f ) Bend test specimens for material over I J1 in. in thickness or diamet er,
excel>t pins and rollers. may be machined to a thickness or diameter of at least ~ in.
or to 1 by }i in. in section.
(..r Tension test specimens for pins and rollers shall conform to the dimensions
shown in Fig. 2. and bend test specimens shan be 1 by J1 in. in section.
(h ) Test specimens for pins and rollers shall be laken so that the axis is 1 in.
from the surface.
(i) T he machined sides of rectangular bend test specimens may have the comers
rounded to a radius not over !.is in.
AMERICAN IN STI T UTE: OF" STE E:1. CONSTR UC T ION

3 18
A. S. T. M. STEEL FOR BUILDINGS
Number of T ests.
11. (a) Two tC!.l'ISion and two bend tests shall be made from eurh melt. unless the
finished material from a melt is less than 30 tons II'hen one tension and one bend test
wi!! be sullicient. If. however. material from one melt differs a'8 in. or more in thick-
ness. one tension and one bend test shall be made from both the thickest and thinnest
material rolled regardless of the weight represented.
(b ) If any test specimen shows defecti\'c machining or c!evclops !laws, it may be
discarded and another specimen substituted.
(0) If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is less than that
specified in Section 7 (a ) and any part of the fracture is more than ~ in. from the
center of the gage length of a 2in. specimen or is outside the middle third of the gage
length of an 8 in. specimen. as indicated by scribe scratches marked on the specimen
before testing. a retest shall be allowed.
PERMISS IBLE VAR IA TIONS I N WEICHT AND THICKNESS.
P e rrni n ibl e Vari a t ion ...
12. (a) One cubic inch of rolled steel is assumed to weigh 0.2833 lb. T he cross-
sectional area or weight of each structu",]-sire shape and of e.1ch universal mill plate
up to and induding 36 in. in width and 2 in. in thickness stmlloot va ry more than 2.5
per cent from the theoretical or specified amounts. T he thickness or weigh ts of
rectangular sheared mill plates and of rectangular universal mill plates over 36 in. in
width or over 2 in. in thickness shall confonn to the requirements of Paragraphs (b).
(c) or (d).
(b) Plate .., When Ordered to WeiIJht per Squ", r e Foot.- The weight of
each loti of plates in each shipment shall not vary from the weigh t ordered more than
t he amounts given in Tab.le I.
TAGLE I.- PERM ISSIBLE VARIAT IONS OF RECTANGULAR PLATES ORDERED TO W EIG IfT .
Permissible Variation. in Av~'We Wtir18 per Squ.are
, , ,
FOOl of Plat"" [or odth& iv~n.
E~pn:ssed in Percentages or Ordered Weights II
,,,. , I
"'" " ,.
om",,, U...., 48 to 96 to 108 to 120 to 132 ill . 0""...
Weight. 60 in . 72 ill .. s.I in . 96 in . 108 in . 120 in . 132 in.. or Weight.
lb per 1<1 ft 48 ill lb. per sq . ft.
1i1~~~~~~~~
... "" .. ".. .. ".. .. "<J .. i" .. .. i"
-B" ~ .. "<J ... "..
Undtr L ._
S 10 7.5.e~~I .
..
16 ~
-;--;I~I
6,~
-; -;-;-;-;--=-~t ~I'"
,
6 ~,6 ~
~I~'-:: Ullder 5
6~ 6~ 6~ 6~ 6~
4 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 6 3 . . . ___ __ . _ _ _ ___ ....... , ,. 7.5.ud.
. , , ,, ,i' ,,
==
... ,3 , ,, , , ,,, ,,, "
4 3 4.5 3 5 3 s 5 3 6 8 3 ....
"
7.5 .. 10.
.. 12.5.
12.5 .. IS.
..
.. ,
3.5 2.5
2.S
4
3.5
7
4.5
2.5 4 1.5 3
7.5 .. 10.
5.S 3
:1
5.5
6
:1
, , ,
3 6
, ,
..
12.5 ..
12.5.
15.
...
.. 17.5. 2.S 2.5 3 ,
2.5 3.5 2.5 .\ 4.5 3 6 5.S 3 6
, .. 17.5.
" ... ,, ,, , , 3 ,,,,, , , .,'"" ...
17.S .. 20. 2.5 2 2.S 2.5 2.5 3.5 2.5 4 4.5 3 6 5.5 3 6 17.S .. 20.
,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, , ,
.. 25.
, ,
.. 2S. 2 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 3.5 2.S 4
'".," .. 30.
.. 40. ..
2.5
2.5 2 2.5
2.S
2.5 3 2.S 3.5
2 2.5 3
3
2.5 3.S 3
4.S 3
4.5 3
5.5 3
, , "
4.5 :1
.. 30.
.. 40 . ..
"
.. 81.6. incl. " 2.5 2
" 2.S 3 2.S 3.5 3
, " .. 81.6. incl.
NOTl!l:. The "'~ighl per "'Iu:\re fOOl. or ind;vidu.al pl31~'" !lhaJ1 nol .... ry from l he <>rdt!red ..~ighl by more
than one and onethird the amount g;,tn ;n this tablt.
, The lerm "lot" as applied to Table I mea"" all the Jl!atcs of each grou~ widlh and group ""eight. A.
applied to Tablt II. ,I mNM aU tM plal"" of each group width and group thi<: nHII.
AMER ICA N I N S TITUTE O F ST EE L CON S TR UCTI O N

3 19
A. S. T . M. S T EEL FO R BU IL DI N GS
(0 ) Pl!ltu, Whe n O rd e red to Thi c kn ...... , The thickness of each plate shan
not var}' more than 0.01 in. under that ordered.
The ovenveight in each lot I of plates in each shipment shal! not exceed the amount
given in Table TI.
(d ) Pla t es Over 2 in . in Thi ckn es . - All plates over 2 in. in thickness shall
oonfonn to the !>ennissible variations over ordered thickness given in Table II I.
TAnLE II. PERMISSIBLE Q\'ERIVEIGHTS Of' RECTA~GULAR PLATES ORDERED TO

TiIlCKNESS.
I'ermissible Excess in Average Wcijc:IIU p('r Sq""r.,

Foot of !'lalrs for Widths G"..,Il.
EIpn:8!!Cd in P~""'nt.'Ige!I 01 Nominal Weights
'M"'"
Thicknea.
om,""
ThM:.kneso.,
in. i ,".
48 in.
4810 1 6010
Undu 60 in . nin ..
ucl. ncl.
12 to
S4 in ..
ucl. ""
96 in ..
ucl.
96 \"
ucl. ucl.
LOR ,to
106m .. ]20 In . ' 132 In.,
ucl.
120 10 132 in.
~
~"
- - -- -- -- -- - - - -
Under ~ 9 10 12 14 ...... , ... ...... Under ~
% to U6. exd. ~ to If. exd.
.. 8 9 10 12 . ..
.. ii, "
..
""){ .." %,,,". ....
" U. 7 8 9 10 12 ...
,,". ..
""
){
,.
%.
..
..
6
5
7
6
8
7 8
9 10
9
12
10
14
12
16
14
19
17
"" .."
% " ,,".
}i.
..
..
4.5
4
5
4.5
6
5
7
6
8
7
9
8
10
9
12
10
15
13
""% .." "".}i. .."..
"" .. %.
}i
% ~,
..
..
3.5
3
4
3.5
45
4
5
4.5
6
5
7
6
8
7
9
8
11
9 ""%}i ..".. %,%. ....
% " 1. 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 6 7 8 % 1.
1 " 2. indo 2.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 6 7 I " 2. ind o
NOTE. 'Tho: weight of individual pl3le. ordered to thick""... &hall not uCfl!d the """'inal weight by rnorIl
than Qf"oe lind one_t hird the IIfl"lQUnt given in thi. table.
T AaLF. IIt .- PERMISSIBLE VARI ATIONS OVER ORDERED THICKNESS OF PLATES

OVER 2 IN. IN T BICKNESS.
NOTE. -Each plate shall not vary more than 0.01 in. under the ordered thickness.
P"nn;'ib!e E ~ ceM in Thick .......... in.
I Width. in.
Ord~ Thune-.
in.
Up to 36.
ud.
, 36 to 60. I 60 to &1.
uc!.
84 10 12(),
esc!.
12() to 132,
esc!.
132 to 1H.
esc!.
ud .
Over 2 to 3. exc\. 0.062 i"') 0.094 (JU)

(~)
I 0.0. 109 (i;.) 0.125 (~)
0. 125 (~)
0.125 (~)
0. 125 (~)
0. 14 1 (%4)
0.141 (~)
3 " 4. "
4 .. 6 .
.. 0.078 (~)
I
0.094
(~)
109 (Jt.)
0.14 1 (~) 0.141 (~) 0.156 (~) 0.172 ( I ~)
6 .. 8 . .. 0.094 (~) 0.125
(~) 0.156 (~) 0.156 (~) 0. 172 ( L ~) ..................
.. 0.109 (~)
..._._--.......
0.125
... _............. ..._........ -...-
8 "10,
.. 0. 172 (I,,) 0.187 (!--M) 0.187 (!--M)
10 "12 . .........
... __ ......_.. -
0.187 (~) 0.234 (I) 0.234 (,) ..................
_.._
......... _ ..-
.
12 "15. " 0.219 (~) 0.250 (M) .................. ......... .....
I
1 'Tho: term "lot" asllpplicd to Table I means 1111 the 1;'1:1'-" of ""ch group width and group weight .
applied to T able II . it me<I",,,1l the pLale. of each if"O'lp width lind group thick"......
AMER IC AN I NST ITU T E OF S T EEL CO NSTRUC TIO N

320
A.S.T.M . S TEEL FOR BUILDINGS
FINISH.
Fini ah .
13. (a ) The finished materia! shall be free from injurious defects and shall have a
workmanlike finish.
(b ) Surface imperfections that do not affect the full utility of the pieces. shall
not be considered as injuriou~ defects in structural shapes. ~ in. or more in thickness.
Such pieces may be processed by the following methods in order to give them a work
manlike finish:
(1) When the surface imperfections are less than -h in. in depth, the}' may be
removed by grindi ng.
(2) When the surface imperfections are 11, in. or more in depth, the pieces may
be subjected to chipping and welding under limiting conditions as follows:
The cross-sectional area of any piece shall not be reduced more than 1.5 per cent
at any point, nor shall the total area of the chipped surface of any piece exceed 2 per
cent of the total surface area of that piece.
After any imperfection has been completely removed, the maximum depth of
depression shall not exceed the follOwing:
Oepthof D<:prealion
Thick_ of Maleria!. In . Mn.. ln.
~ up to 72...........-.......... .. .._.._______________..______.._____............ h
72 up to I ......................_.. _.... _......_.~...___...................._....... Va
I up to IX'...................... _.. II
IX' up to 2U .. .............._.......... _.... _... ~:l
2X' up to 372................._ ~
An experienced mill inspector shall inspect the work after the chipping operation
to see that the defects have been completely removed and that the limitations specified
above have not been exceeded. The inspector representing the purchaser shall be
given full opportunity to make this same inspection. All welding shall be done by
qualified welders using suitable coated welding rods. The welds shall be sound; the
weld metal being thoroughly fused on all surfaces and edges without undercutting or
overlap. Weld metal shall project at least h in. above the rolled surface after weld-
ing, and the projecting metal shall be removed by chipping or grinding to make it
flush with the rolled surface and produce a workmanlike fmish.
MARKING.
Markin g .
14. The name or brand of the manufacturer and the melt number shall be legibly
stamped or rolled on all finished material. except that lattice bars and other small
sections shall, when loaded for shipment. be properly separated and marked for identi-
fication. The identification marks shall be legibly stamped on t he end of each pin and
roller. The melt number shall be legibly marked, by stamping. if practicable, on
each test specimen.

/
32'
A.S.T.M. ST EEL FOR BUILDIN GS

In. pec tinn.
IS. The inspector representing the pun;;haser shan have free entry, at all times while
work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manu-
facturer's works which concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manu-
facturer shaH afford the inspector, without charge. all reasonable facilities to satisfy
him that the material is being furnished in accordance with these specifications. All
tests (except check analyses) and inspection shaH be made at the place of manufacture
prior to shipment, unless otherwise specirled. and shall be so conducted as not to
interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.
Rejection.
16. (a ) Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on tests made in accordance
(b ) Material which shows injurious defects subsequent to its acceptance at the
manufacturer"s I.:orks will be rejected, and the manufacturer shall be notified.
Rehearing.
17. Samples tested in accordance with Section 6, which represent rejected material,
shall be preserved for two weeks from the date of the test report. In case of dis-
satisfaction with the results of the tests. the manufacturer may make claim for a
rehearing within that time.
AMERI CA N 1NSTITUTE OF STEEl.. CONSTRUCTION

322
SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL

RIVET STEEL
A . S . T.N!. DES I G NAT I ON : A 141_3 6
Proce...
1. The steel shall be made by either or both of the following processes: open-hearth
or electric-furnace.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS.

Chemical Co mposition .
2. The steel shall oonfonn to the following requirements as to chemical composition:
Acid - not over 0.06 per cent
Phosphorus 1 Basic. not over O.();I per cent
SUUUT ... .... ....... __ not over 0.05 per cent
Copper, when copper steel is specified. ._.not less than 0.20 per cent
Lad le An,al Ylle .

3. An analysis of each melt of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to detennine
the percentages of carbon. manganese. phosphorus, and sulfu r ; also copper when copper
steel is specified. This analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken during the
pouring of the melt. The chemical composition thus determined shan be reported to
the purchaser or his representative and the percentages of phosphorus and sulfur, and
copper when copper steel is specified, shall conform to the requirements specified in
Section 2.
Check Analy ses.

4. Analyses may be made by the purchaser from finished ma terial representing each
melt. The phosphorus and sulfur content thus determined shall not exceed tha t
specified in Section 2 by more than 25 per cent.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS.

T en sion T eata.
5. <a) The bars shall conform to the following requirements as to tensile properties:
Tensile strength, lb. per sq. in. 52 000 to 62 000
Yield point. minimum, lb. per sq. in. 0.5 lens. Slr.
but in no case less than.. 28000
Elongation in 8 in .. minimum. per cent.... 1 5(X) 000
Tens. slr.
(b) The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam or halt in the
AM E R I C AN IN S TITUTE O F STEEL C O N S TRUCTI O N

323
A .S.T. N!. RIVET S T EEL
Bend Test..
6. The test specimen shall stand being bent cold through ISO deg. fla t on itself
..... ithout cracking on the outside of the bent portion.
Teflt Spe(: irn ens.
7. <.> Test specimens shall be of the full diameter of b.1rs as rolled.

(b) Tension and bend test specimens for rive t bars which have been cold-drawn
shall be normalized before testi ng.
Num be r Qf Testl.
8. (. ) One tension and one bend test shall be made from each melt; except that if
bars from one melt d iffer Ys in. or more in diameter, one tension and one bend test
shall be made from both the greatest and least diameters rolled.
(b ) If any test specimen develops flaws. it may be discarded and another sped-
men substituted.
(c) If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is less tha n
that specified in S&tion 5 (a) and a ny part of the fract ure is outside t he middle thi rd
of the gage length. as indicated by scribe scratches marked on the specimen before
testing. a retest shall be allowed.
PERMISSIBLE VAR IATIO NS IN DIAM ETER.

Permi ss ibl e Variation .
9. The diame ter of rivet bars shall not vary from the size ordered more than the
amounts given in the following table:
Vncblion .. [no
Ov~, Und~r
Up to and including ~ in .... __............. _..... . 0.007 0.007

Over ~ up to and incl uding I in .............. . 0.010 0.010
Over I up to and induding 2 in .... _............. . n n
FINISH.
Finish.
10. The finished bars shall be free from injurious defects and shall have a workman-
like finish.
MARKING.
Ma rk ing.
11 . Rivet ba rs shall. when lo.1ded for shipment . be properly separated and marked
with the name or brand of the ma nufact urer and t he melt number for identification.
T he mel t number shall be legibly marked on each test specimen.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEl. CON STRU C TION

324
A.S.T.M. RIVE T S TEE L

In apection.
12. The inspector representing the purchaser shall have free entry, at all times while
work on the contract of the purchaser is being l>erfonned. to all l>arts of the manu-
facturer's works which concern the manufacture of the bars ordered. The manu-
facturer shall afford the inspector, without charge, all reasonable facilities to satisfy
him that the bars are being fumished in accordance with these specifications. All
tests (except check analyses) and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture
prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified. and shall be 90 conducted as not to
interfere unnecessarily with the operalion of the works.
Rejection.
13. (a ) Unless otherwise specified. any rejection based on tests made in accordance
(b) Bars which show injurious defects subseQuent to their acceptance at the
manufacturer's works will be rejected. and the manufacturer shall be notified.
Rehearing,
14. Samples tested in accordance with Section 4, lI'hich represent rejected bars, shall
be preserved for two weeks from the date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction
with the results of the tests. the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing \\;thin
that time.

-
f(lJ SS /Nv PA6 6 S
J A:).-'1)J.f
327
UNITED STATES DEPA RTME NT OF COMMERCE
MINIMUM LIVE LOADS FOR USE IN THE

DESIGN OF BUILDINGS
AS RECO MM E N DED BY THE; B UI L D I NG CODE CO MMITTEE OF THE
N"TlON AL B UREA U OF S T ANDA R DS . N OVEM B ER. 1'14
I. DEFI NIT IONS.

Du d Load .
1. The dead load in a building mcludes the weight of walls. permanent partitions,
framing. f\oors. roofs, and all other perrri;lnent stationarr construction entering into
a building.
Li ve Lo.d.
2. The live load includes all loads except dead loads.
2. CENER AL.
Buildings and all part! thereof shall be of sufficient strength 10 support safely
their imposed loads. live and dead. in addition to their o"'n proper dead IO:ld; provided,
however. that no building or part of a building shall be designed for live loads less than
those specified in the following sections.
3. H UMAN OCCUPANCY.
1. For rooms of private d"el1ings. hospital rooms ilnd wards, guest rooms in hotels.
lodging and tenement hou9t';S, and for similar occupimcies, the minimum live load
shall be taken as <10 pounds per square foot unifonnly distributed, excellt that where
floors of one and two family dwellings are of monolithic type or of solid or ribbed slabs
the live load may be taken as 30 pounds per square foot.
2. For floors for office purposes and for rooms with fixed seats, as in churches. school
classrooms. reading rooms, mU!lfums. 11ft gaUeries, and theaters, the. minimum live
10.1d shall be taken as 50 pounds per square foot unifonnly distributed. Provision
shall be made. however. in designing office floors for a Iood of 2000 pounds placed upon
an y SI);lce 2~ feet square wherever this load upon an otherwise unloaded f\oor would
produce stresses greater than the 50 pound distributed load.
3. FOIj aisles, corridors, lobbies. public spaces in hotels and public buildings, banquet
rooms. assembly halls without fixed seats. grandstands. theater stages. gymnasiums.
stairways, fife e5C"dpes or exit passageways. and other S!);lees where LTOWds of people
are likely to assemble. the minimum live load shall be taken as 100 pounds per square foot
uniformly distributed . This requiremen t shall not apply. however. to such spaces in
!)rivatc dwellings. for which t he minimum live load shall be taken as in l);lragraph I of
th i!! sect ion.
4. INDUSTRIAL OR CO MMERCIAL OCCUPANCY.

In designing floors used for industrial or commercial purposes, or purposes other
than previously mentioned. the. live load shall be assumed as the maximum caused by
the use which the building or p.1rt of the building is lO serve. The following loads
shall be taken as the minimum live loads permissible for the occupancies listed. and loads
at least equal shall be assumed for uses similar in nature lO those listed in th is section.
A M E R ICAN IN S T I TUTE: 0 ,. STEEL CO N S TRUCTI O N

328
BUREAU OF S TANDARD S MIN . LIVE LOADS
MinImum
Floors used for: LIve Load in
lb. II 11(1. fl.
Storage purposes (general) .. _._ ............. , 250
Storage purposes (speciaJ)_ .. 100
Manufacturing (light) ...... , 75
Printing plants................. . 100
Wholesale stores (ligh t merchandise)._ 100
Retail salesrooms (light merchandise) 75
Stables ... ................................ _................. 75
Garages
All types of vehid~,_ . ....................................... . 100
Passenger cars only.... ..... _..................... 80
Sidewalks-250 or 8OClO pounds concentrated. whichever
gives the largest moment or shear.
5. ROOF LOADS.
Roofs hav ing a rise of 4 inches or less per foot of horizontal projection shall be
proportioned for a vertical live load o f 30 pounds per square foot of horizontal pro.
jection applied to any or all slopes. With a rise of more than 4 inches and not more
than 12 inches per foot a vertical Jive load of 20 pounds on the horizontal projection
shall be assumed. H the rise exceeds 12 inches per foot no vertical live load need be
assumed, but provision shall be made for a wind force acting normal to the roof su rface
(on one slope at a time) of 20 pounds per square foot of such surface.
6. ALLOWANCE FOR MOVABLE PARTITION LOADS.

F loors in office and public buildings and in other buildings subject to shifting of
partitions without reference to arrangement o f floor beams or girders sha!! be designed
to support, in addition to other loads, a single partition of Ole type used in the building,
placed in any possible position.
7, REDUCTION IN LIVE LOADS.

Except in buildings for storage purposes Ole following reductions in assumed
total floor live lo.1ds are permissible in designing all columns, piers or walls, foundations,
trusses, and girders.
R l."ductioll of cotalJivc loads Cltrril."d PC>"" cellt
Carrying one Roor ....
Carrying two floors ..

10
Carrying three floors ......... .
Carrying four floors ........ .
Carrying five floors ..... .
Carrying six floors ......... .
,.
2.
30
45
Carrying seven or more floors 50
For detcmlining the area of footings the full dead loads plus the live loads, with
reductions figured as permitted above, shall be taken; except t ha t in buildings for
human occupancy, listed in Section 3, a further reduction of onehalf the live load as
permitted above may be used.
AMERICAN IN S TITUTE OF STEEL C O N STR U C TI O N

329
PART V
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND

MATHEMATICAL TABLES
STRENGTH OF VARIOUS MATER I ALS
COEFFI C I ENTS OF EXPANSION
WE I GHTS AND SPECIFIC GRAVITI ES
RECOMMENDED WAREHOUSE LIVE LOADS
PROPERTIES ANO A L LOWABLE STRESSES OF T I MBER
PROPERTI ES O F GEOMETRIC SECT IONS
FLEXURE FORMULAS
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
WE I G H TS AND MEASURES
ENGINEERING CONVERSION FACTORS
DECI MALS OF FOOT AND I NCH
AMERICAN INST I TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

330
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
METALS AND ALLOYS
Stress if! K i~ pO' SquarC'C
_ 'C~C''--c~_ _ Modulus of
Mal8ri ~1 Co"'.'P"8S- EluHcity
TenSi(In .,on Bond,nll Shearing Pounds
UltImate
---------1-
__U
_"_,o_,_,_, I_U_'''_~_''_II __U_"'_O_'_"_I_ per Sq In. cent
Aluminum, bars, sheets ......... , 24-28 12-14

.. wire, annealed ....... . 20-35 14
Brass, 50% Zn __ ................. ...... 31 17.9 33_5 5.0
cast, cornmon ........... _..... 18-24 6 30 '" 20 36 9,000,000
wire, hard ...................... 80
" "annealed ....... _..... 50 16 . 14 ,000,000
Bronze, aluminum 510 7%%_ 75 40 120
... Tobin, cast }38% Zn 66
" " rolled 1%% Sn 8Q 40 4,500,000
" " c . " l,% Pb 100
Copper, plates, rods, bolts.... . 32-35 10 32
Iron, cast, gray._ ........................ . 1824 . ....... . 25-33
" "malleable ................ . 27-35
" wrought, shapes ............... . 48
15-20
2G
I
46
Tensile
30
Tensile ~,
40
Tens.28,000,000 __
Steel, plates for cold pressing . 4858 ~ Tens. Tensile Tensile ~ Tens. 29,000,000
" cars. ,... 50-65 172 T ens . Tensile Tensile U Tens. 29,000,000 J:
" locos., stat. boilers 55-65 ,72 Tens. Tensile Tensile :N TenS 29,OOO,OOO '5
" bridges and bldgs., ships 60-72 33 Tensile Tensile N Tens. 129,000,000
.. structural silicon 8095 45 Tensile Tensile 'u Tens. 29,000,000 i.i5
" struc. nickel (3.25% Ni ) 85-100 50 Tensile Tensile M Tens. 29,000,000 ~~
Steel, rivet, boiler ._......... _.... . 45-55 11 Tens. Tensile Tensile U Tens. 29,000,000 ;- ~
" "br.,bldg.,loco.,cars 52-62 28 Tensile Tensile '}.( Tens. 29,000,000 (!
.. "ships ....... . 55-65 30 Tensile Tensile U Tens. 29,000,000
.. .. hightensile ........ _ 70-85 38 Tensile Tensile U Tens. 29,000,000
Steel, cast, sofL ...................... . 60 27 Tensile Tensile N Tens. 29,000,000 124
70 31.5 Tensile Tensile ~:l' Tens. 29,000,000 f20
80 36 Tensile Tensile N Tens'I29,ooo,ooo 117
Steel wire, unannealed .. '20 60
.. "annealed ...... _ ....... .. 80 40 .. 8" l age leo.gtb
t 2" gage lengtb
" " bridge cable . 215 95
BUILDING MATERI A LS
A_age Ultimate SltllSl Safe WDrk ing St,eu Modulus of
Material lo""P~~
;;:""'i'-'~
:::"""':"~.C''''''=- I POUrnll per SQuare Inch E1ubclty
Pounds
1--,-;,-c:-c:---c-:::-:c.-c------I-COc:"'"'M"C--I-'c.c~c"c"'---1 Bern!.ng 'Co::;,_ S&;o,i"" $h8a,ing
per Sq. In.
Masonry, granite........................ .... .. ... .. ...... .... 420 600

" limestone, bluestone ..... .... .. ...... ... , ... 350 500
" sandston8. ___ ............. .......... . . ..... ..... 280 400
" rubble.__ ..................... .... .. 140 250
" brick, common.......... 1(X)OO 200 500
Ropes, cast steel hoisting ................. . 80000
" standing, derrick ...................... . 70000
" man ila............................... .... . ... 8000
Stone, bl ueston8. __ ..................... 12000 1200 2500 1200 1200 200 7,000,000
" grani te, gneiss ............... 12000 1200 1500 1200 1200 200 7,ooo,()()(]
7,~::
" li mestone, marble.......... 8000 800 1500 800 800 150
" sandstone........................ 5000 150 1200 500 500 150 3,000,
slate .............. _,
AMER I C AN
10000 3000 5000
IN S TI T UTE O F STEEL C O N S TR U CTION
1000 1000 ' 75 ",000:"""
331
EXPANSION OF BODIES BY HEAT

The coefficient or linear expansion (,) is t he d!.1nge in length, per unit of length.
for a change of olle degree of tempernlure. T he coefficient of surface expansion i8
approximately two limes the Ji:-lear ooefficient. and the coefficient of volume expansion,
for solids. is approximately three t im!!!! the linear coefficient.
A bar. free La move, will increase in length with an increase in temperature and will
decrease in length with a decrease in temperature. The change in length will be d/,
where. is the coefficient of linear e.'l:pansion. 1 the change in temperature, and I the
length. I f t he ends of a bar are fixed, a change in temperature (t) will C3Use a ch..1nge in
t he unit stress of Eft, and in the total (stress of) A&t, where A is the cross sectional
area of the bar and E the modulus of elasticity.
The following table gives the coefficient of linear expan~il)n for 100", or 100 limes
lhe value indicated 300\'C.
Exomplt : A piece of medium sleel is exactly 40 fee t long alSO' F. Find the
length at 90" F. assuming the ends free to move .
.00067 X 30 X 40
Changeof!ength - d/ - - - - - - - J:l08O:I foot.
100
The length at 90" F. is 40.00804 feel.
Exulllple: A piece of medium steel is exactly 40 feet long Hnd the ends are fixed.
If the temperature increases 30" F., what is the resulting change in the unit stress?
29.000,000 X .00067 X 30
Change in unit stress '"' ~t = - 5830lbs. per sq. in.
100
COEFFI C IENTS OF EX PA NSION FOR 100 D EG REES .. IOO~
LlneM E>.~",,"n Un8;\( E1.~n"on

Subsl.nc:eo
Cenli_ I Fah,en' I
Subslllncel
.....
Cenl;" . F.II,en-
METALS AND ALLOYS

_ prade ~
Cement. portillnd
- -- ' -.."
. 00107
--
..,. .
Aluminum, wrought
.~------
Bron u __
Coppe r__
.. " "
00188
.00181
.00168
.
.0012:8
.""
. 00101
.00093
Conc.. t ..
Granite __
Limnton.
-
Ml r bl ________
_...
--
-_.
."""
....,
.00143
.00100
..,."
......
..... 7
."'58
...,."
Pln t er_. __ . .__ .
-- .00166 . . .2
.-
Iro n , cast, gray.__ .00106
Rubble m asonry .00063 .00035
Iro n , w rought-. .0012(1
.,..,
_7
-. - .0000'
.....-
Iron, wire
--
.00124 .
.001511
S.ntllt o n ..
Sll1e_ _
.00110
. .,.58
.00104
- -----
Nlcke l_ .
StMI,cut.........-
.00126
.00110 .....,
.00070
T IMB ER
StHl, hard
St" I, medium
StHI, loft.
.00132
.0012(1
.0011 0 ....
.00073
.....7
,
",- Maple
Oak._ :J Puallel to fllMr
......
.00037
....., .0002'
..,.,.
.00027
Zinc. roll ed .... .0031 1 .00173
.-
Pine ..,.~ .00030
------
STON E AND MASO NRY
....,
Flr._ !
Ma p le .. _. perpendicular to ....,
.0058 .0032
.0027
Alh l. r m l ... nry .. _
Bric k m llO n ry ,_, .00055
.00035
.00031
0
Pine,
J fiber
.,,.
..00'" .0018

EX PANSION OF WATER
. M A X IMU M CEN S IT Y - l
~
C Vol~me CO V~1ume CO Volume CO Volume CO Velume VOlume
-
~
0 1.000126 1.000257 1.004234 I .0118n 1.022384 1.03S112$
>'000000
"" 1.001732
AMIERI C"N
"'" 1.007627
""
IN ST I TVTI!i: 0 ,. STEE L
1.0169S4 1.0Z9003
C O N S TRUCT IO N
1.0431111
33Z
WEIGHTS AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES
Weight S!>tH:ifoc Weight s me

S"bsta1lOO Lb. per
Cu. FL
Grav,ty Subst ...,.. Lb. "".
Cu . Ft.
~ity
META LS, ALlOVS, ORES T IM BER, U. S. SEASON EO

Aluminum. cast. Mois ture Content by
hammered._ _ . _____ .
,.,
2.552.75
".'"
Weight:
Aluminum, bronze._._...
Brn. c u t. roll~d _ _ _ _ ." 8.48.7
Susoned timber 15 to 20%
Green timber up to 50%
Bronze, 7.9 to 14<'>'0 Sn _ ... 7.48.9
Copper, cast, rolled. __ .. ___ .
Copper ore, pyrites.____ ......
""
'" 8.89.0
4.1 _4.3
As h, white. red
Ced"r, white, red . "" 0.620.6S
0.32-0.38
Gold, cast. kammered_ .....
Iron, cast, P;II _____ _ '"
'''' ,.,
19.2519.3 C ha tn II 1.._ ............ ___ .
CypreSl. _____ ._. _ _. _. "'" 0.66
0048
'" Fi r . DOllglas l pruee ..... _ .
"""
Iron. wrought. ___ _ O.SI
'" 7.67.9
,., 0."
...
Iron, . t ....I. _ __ . __ .... ___ _ Fir, eutern . __-_-_ _ _ _ ...
Iron, .p;~ el-eil en _ .... ,' '"m'" 7.87.9
Elm, white_
HemIOCk. ________ _
0.72
Iron, f ....o-.;lIco" ____ .
Iron ore. h e matlte. ____ .. ,.,
6.7_7.3 Hlckory.__ ........ _ _ __ " 0.42-0.52
0.74-0.84
Iron o.e. hematite in bank '"
160180
Locu.t._ .. _.... __ .~ ___ .
Mal>le, h3rd ...... _ _ _ _ .
0. 13
0."
"""
Iron o.e. hematite I..... L _ 130 160
Iron o.e. IImonlt,,___ _ M.ple , whlte. ~ _ _ _ .. _ . 0.53
'" 3.64.0 O .. k, ch"tnut.. .... _ _ _ .. 0.86
.."
Iron ore, magnetlt... _ _
Iron .1"11 ___________ _
'"
,,,
4.95.2 O" k, live __ _ _ _ _ _ . 0.95
'" ""
2.5_3.0
L&ad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. _._ O .. k. red. bl"ck ..... _ _ _ . 0.65
11.37
Lead ore, g.,lon ....... __ ... _
." 7.3-7.6 Oak, white,-;;= = = = =
I>ine, Oregon
0.74
0.51
.."""
M.. n llan ese ..... ___ .. ___ .. _.
Mangan"se ore, pyrol"sl te
Mercury _ _ _ _ ..... _.......
NlckeL. ____ _
'"
'"
."
7.2-8.0
3.7-4.6
13.6
Pine, red ____ . _ ... __ .
I>ine, whlte._ _~. _ _
Pine, yellow, lonll-I",f. __ .
0 .48
0.41
0.70
8.9-9.2
N ickel, mon,,1 metaL....... _. '"'" 8.89.0
Pine, yellow, .hort~leaL_~.
Popl~r . __ . __ . _. _ _ .
0.61
0.48
Platinum, c .. s t, hammered
Silver, cut, h3mmered .. _.
"'0 21.1_21.5
1004-10.6 Redwood. Californl ............ "" 0 .42
".."'"'"
Spruce, white, bl3ck 0.40-0.46
T in, cut, hammered .. _ _ .
T in ore, cau iterite. _ _ _ .
7.2-7.5
604_7.0 W3lnut, bl.ck ....... _. ___ .
Walnut, whit ... _ . __ ..
"" 0.61
0 .41
Zinc, cast, rolled .. _ _ ... _
Zinc 0 .... , b lend,,-_ . _ _
6.9-7.2
3.9-4.2 "
'"
VAR IOUS LlQUIOS
VARIOUS SO LIDS
AI""hol,IOO% ___ .. __ ._.
Acids, muri a tic 40%--.
Acid . nitric 91 0/.. _ _ . ..'""" 0.79
L"
'-'0
."""
Acids . l ulphurlc 87% _ _ '-'0
Ce ruls, oats ... _ .. _ .. bu lk Lye. ,od .. 66%... _ . 1.70
Cere .. I b .. rley ... _ . bu lk
Cereals, corn, rye . ___ .. bulk
Oils . veg etabl . _ _ _ _
OHI, minerai, lubricants. ..
'"" 0.91-0.94
0.900.93
Cerul l, wheat.. ... __ .bulk
Hay and Stuw. _.... _.balos
Wate r. 4~ C. max. density "
62.428 LO
"""
Water. tOO"C ... __ . _ _ . 59.'" 0.9584
Cn"nn, Flax, Hemp.__ .. 1.47_1.50 WUer, Ice . _ .. _. _ _ ~ ... ___ .
Fats._. __ . _ . _ ...... _ 0.90-0.97 W"ter. I now, fresh fallen _. " 0.880.92
.125
Flour, 100"_ .............. _
Flou r, pressed .___ ._...
GI3 SS , cnmmon ... _ .... _._. "" G.40-0.5O
0.700.80
2.40-2.60
Water, , ea water_ _ _ _ .
" 1.021.03
Glass , plate Dr crown __ ...

Glus . cry.t .. I._ .. _ ...........
'"
'" 2.452.72
2.90_3.00
Lelther
Paper_._ ._. __ .. _.
'"" 0.86-1.0.2
GASES
,.,
,."""
0.1O1.1S Air, D"C. 760 mm ... _ _ ... .08071
Ammonia _______ ._
Pot .. tc-es, pll ed _
Rubber, c .. outchouc._ _
Rubber good, _._ .. _ . _
0. 920.96
1.02.0
Carbon dioxlde _ _ ._... _
C.. rbon monoxide .__
.''''
.""
.0781
0.5920
1.5291
0.9673
Sal t, gra"ul .. ted, p lled .... _. .028 . 036
Saltpeter......
Starch ___ .. _ ._ "" ,."
G .... illumin .. t ing
Gas. natural _
Hyd rDllen _ . _ _ ._
.038.039
.00559
0.350.45
0 .470.48
'"""
0.0693
Sulphu r .. 1.932.07 Nitrogen __ . ____ ._. .0784 0.9714
Wool... .. _ .. _. L" Ox ygen .. _ ... _ .. __ .. _. .0892 1.1056
The lpeciflc gra vities of ",lid ... nd liquid. refer to w"ter "t 4 C., those of lI"se. to alr .. t
O"C. an d 760 mm. I>ressu ... Th e weights per c u bic foot are derived from aver"ge Ipeciflc grnl-
ties. except w here l tated th"t weig ht. a rl fo r bulk, heaped or loou material. etc.
AMERICAN INSTITUTe: OF STEEL CON S TRUCTION
333
WEIGHTS AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES
We Ight We ight SJ-ir",

Su bstance lb. per Substance Lb . per GravIty
Cu. Ft. Cu . Ft.
ASHLAR MASONRY
Granite, Iyeni! .. , gnei .__ _
Limestone, marble,_.
Sandstone, blueton .. '"'"'"
2.33.0
2.32.B
2.12.4
M I NERALS
A,b,stos __ ._ . __ . _._._.
Baryte-.
8;1O",lt _ ... _..... _....... _ _ _ _ .
Bauxite ___ .... __ ... __ ..
'"
'"'"
..,
2.12.8
.
2.73.2
2.55
MORTAR RUBBLE
MASONRY
8oru._ _ _ _ .. _
Cha I k ....... __ ._._._. ___ . __ .
'"
"" 1.71.B
1.8-2.6
Granile, Iyenlte. IInei ...
Limestone. marble., __ '" 2.2.2.B
2.22.6
Clay, marl. _ _ _ ._._.. _ .. _ '"
'" ..,
1.82.6
'"'"
Dolomite.. . .. _._. _ _ _ _ .
Sandstone, bh.estone .. 2.02.2 Feldapar,orthoclase ___ .. _. '"
'" 2.52.6
2.42.7
DRY RUBBLE MASONRY
Gnei ... terpentine ...... __
Granite. ayenite ______ ... '"m 2.53.1
Granite. syenite, IIneiss ... _
Limestone, marble _ _ ... '"
'"
1.92.3
1.92.1
G~en.ton', trap _ . __ .
Gypsum, alabaster. __ . ___ ._ '" 2.B3.2
Sandstone, b luestone
'" I.B1.9 Hornblende__ . ...... '"
'"
2.32.8
'.0
BRICK MASONRY
L imestone, m;1Orble ___ ._._...
Magnesite .. _ '"
", ,.,
2.52.8
Pressed brick .... _ _ _. _ 2.22.3 a
Common brick _ _ ._ _ ...
Soft brick....-. _ _ _ _ _ .
'"
''00" 1.B2.0
1.5-1.7
Phoophate rock, ;1Opatite._._
Porphyry .... _ .. _ _ .. ___ .
Pumice. natural .. ___ . __
""
'"" 2.62.9
0.370.90
Quartz, ftlnt.. _ ...... __ ..... __ 2.52.B
CONCRETE MASONRY
Cement. Itone. und . __ _ 2.2_2.4
Sandstone. blue-stone ...... _
Share, alate _______. _ .
'"m
'" 2.22.5
2.72.9
Ceme"t, 11311, etc. ____ _
Cement, cinder, et~.
'"'"'00 1.92.3
1.51.7
Soapstone, Ulc. _. _ _ _ .
'" 2.62.8
VARIOUS BUILD I NG
MATERIALS ST ONE, QUARRIED, P IL E D
A.he . cinder .______ . ~0~5 Basalt. granite, gneiu ____ . 96
Cement. portland. 1005e __ .
'""
Lim"ton', marble, quartz
Sand.ton .... _._ .. _ _ _ ._ "
",""
Cement. portland. set.__ . 2.73.2
Lime. gypsum. IOO5e .... __ . "-M Shale.___ ' __ '_'_'"
Mortar, .et..... _. __ .... _ . 1.41.9 Green.tone, hornblend8-
Slags, bank Ilag. __ ....... _.
Slag bank scr.eninll . ..... _.
'"
6772
98117
Slags, machine .Iall_.... _ ...
Slags. slag sand ._ _ ._..... "
4955 B ITU M1NOUS SUBST ANCES
A.ph;1Oltum ........ __ .... __ . __
EARTH. ET C . , EXCAVATED
Clay. dry ..... _______
Coal, anthracit . ...... __. _ .
CO;1OI. bitumlnou l. __ .. _ ... _
"" 1.11.5
1.41.7
Clay. damp. plastlc ....... _ .

'""
CO;1OI.lIgnite __ ____ .__ _
Coal, peat, turf. dry. ___ ...
"" 1.21.5
1.1_1.4
0.65.0.B5
Clay and gravel. dry. _ _ .
Earth, dry, 10011. _ _ _ _ 1
'00
CO;1OI, charcoal, plne.__ . __ ._ "" 0.280.4~
Earth, dry. pa~ked
""" "
Coal. ch;1Orcoal, 0;1Ok..._ . 0.470.57
Earth. moist, 100" _____ Coal, cOke ..... _._._._._ ... __ 1.01.~
Earth, mois t. paCked _ _ .. 1
Earth. mud. flowing. _ _
Earth, mud, packed _ _ . '"'""
Graphlt . .......... _ _ _ ._._.
Paraffine _.... __ ... _ __ _ .
Petroleum
'""
M"
1.92.3
0.B7.0.91
0.B7
Ripr;1Op.llmestone. ___ ._....... 1 8085 Petroleum, rcfincd _... ___ ._._ 0,79-0.82
"""
Riprap. sand . tone Petroleum, benzine .__ .. __ 0.730.75
'""
Riprap hale ..... __ . Petrole um. ga, olino.___ .. 0.660.69
Pitch ____ . ______ .. ..
"" 1.07-1.15
_~
Sand. gravel. dry. 100se. __ .] go105

Sand. gr;1Ovel. dry. p;1Ocke d._ 100120
Sand. grav.l. dry, wI ~1 118120
Tar, bltumlnou~ . ___ ._... __
L"
EXCAVATIONS IN WATER
Sand or gravel. __ .... __ COAL AND COKE, PILED
Sand Or gravel and clay ......
Clay_ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ . "" Coal, anthraclt.... ___ ...
Coal, b ituminous. IIl1nlte .. "'4758
_M
River mud _ ... _. _ _ _ _ .
Soli ___ _ __ _ _ _ . "" Coal. peat. turf . _. __ ._~
Coal, charco;1OI ......... __ .....
"-,,
1014
Stone riprap _ _ _ __ "" Coal, coke ...... _____.... _.... _. __ .. "-,,
The I peciflc gravitl"s of lollds and liquids .... fer to water at 4C" those of gasea to ",Ir at
D"C. ",nd 760 mm. pressu..... The wsillhU per cubic foot .. re derived from average IPeclflegravl_
ties ..... cept wh ..... lUted that weights are for bulk. hnped or loose material. etc.
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE OF $TEE;L CONSTRUCTION
334
RECOMMENDED LIVE LOADS

FOR
STORAGE WAREHOUSES
United Stat... Der>3rtment 01 Commerce. National Buen" of Standards
Material
Weight
w
Cub ic Fool
of SI><ICfI
CO.
H~1hl
p,r"
'"'
Weight
w
Square Foot
01 FlOC<"
CO.
--.
~"'''
Live Load
Lb.fo:'
"'
..""
BU I LDI NG MATERIALS
:;~ce::~8~iid;;;";,;;---------_-_-_-::,:::::::~=: ,,, '"'"

Bricks, Fir. Clay...
, '"
" ,, ".
Cement. Natu'''!..
Cement. Portland .
GYIMum _ . _.
72 to 105 432 to 630 '""
'"
Lim" and Plal te,..
Ti'n ... ____________ _. ____ __ __
Woods, bulk .......... _.
~~ ____ .~._
..""" ,, '"
'"
'"
""
DRUGS, PAINTS, OIL. ETC.
Alum. Pearl, In barre' .... __ .. _ ...... ___ . __ ._
Bleachlnll Powder. in hogshead ..
.""
,~
...
'"'"'"
...""
Bl"e Vitriol, In barrel .............. _...... __ ...... _... _._ .. _.
QIYC<lrine, In cases ................................. _. ___ ._.. _._ ~
Lin .... ed Oil. in barr"I ..... ~._ __ .. _... _._______ __ .
'"
,,
Linseed 011, in Iron drum.... ..... _._ ..... __
'"'"
Logwood &tract. In bO~H . _. ____ . __ .
Rosin, In barrel.
Shellac, Gum ......... _... _._ .. _ 38 '"
'" """
SoaPl .. _ . ___ . __ ..
Soda A.h. In hog.head . _
Soda, Cau.tic, in iron drum. ."""
'H" , '"
'"
'" '"
,,P ,
Soda, Silicate, in barrels
Sulphuric Acid __._
Toilet Articln ............. _ ... "" '"
'"
'"
'"
'"""
Varni.hH ....
White Lead Pute. in ean._ ._.
White Lead. dry ............. _ ....... _. _._.
Red Lead and Llthartle, dry ..............
.~ _______ ._
'"
,~
.~
,~ ...
'"
".
DRV GOODS, COTTON, WOOL, ETC.
Burlap, In bala.., '_
Carpets and Rug._. _
.." .
,".
'"
.,""
Coir Yarn. in baln._
Cotton. in bala.. American_ ..
Cotton, In bala., Foreign '_ .. _
Cotton Bleached Good . in Uses
'"
""
".
Cotton Flannel. In CaUl "" "."
Cotton Sheeting. in cuel
Cotton Varn, in cans
Excelsior, compressed
Hemp. Itatian. compre..ed
..
"" ""
m
""
Hemp. Mani la. comprHled
Jute, compreaed _ ._.. __ .~_~_._ .,"" '"
'"
~. '""
,
Linen Dama. k. in ca'eI. . ... __ ~._ ...... __ ... _._._
"""
.. '"
Linen Goo-d . in eau. .. _ _____ .__ _
'"
Linen Towel ., in cnn
Silk and Silk Good.
Sisal. eompreaed __ .
.. _______
....... _ .... _ _ .
_ .____ . _____ .. _ . __
..
...
'"
'"
""
T ow. compruud ____ ... __ ___ _
Wool. in bales. compressed ..... __ ... _... _. __ . __ .. ~.
Wool . in bale>!_ not compre..ed .. _. ____ ._... _._ .. _.

'"".
""
Wool. Wo rsteds, in ca.H ....... .. ..... ___ .. __ .. ____ .
'"
AMERICAN I NSTI TUTE OF STEEL CO N STRUCTION

335
RECOMMENDED LIVE LOADS

FOR
STORAGE WAREHOUS ES
Material
.
Welght
'
Cub,cFoot
of~
Weight
~,
Square f oot
of Floor
R~~
mended
Live Load
Lb. per
SQ. Ft.
'"
GROCERIES. WINES, LIQUORS, ETC.
,
Buns, in b~g .. _ ........ __ . __ _ _ ..
8,"~rag ... __ .. __ .. __ .__
Canned Good l , in cues .... _....
Cereal . ............ _ _ _ .
Cocoa.__
_ . ___ ._ ..
. _ _ _ .. _ _ ___ _ _
Coffell, Roalted, In bagl ..
.
""
"
" ,,
""
""
'"
'"
""
Coffee. Green . i n bagl ., ___ ~_
Datu, in cas ...... __ .. _ .... _ _ . _ _ _ _ ._. """ , '"
'"
""
,,
Figl , in c .. le5. ______ .. _.
Flour, in barrel . .............
Fruita. Fresh ________
Meat and Meat Pro<iuca...... . ."""
,
"''""
""
'"""
'"'0
"'"
....
Milk, Condensed ..... _____ ....
Molnses, In barrel ................... ___ ... _ _ _._.
Rice. in ball . ............ _ ....... _.... ______ _ "'" , '"'"
,,
Sal Soda. in bar .... t..... ___ __ "_'_'
Salt. in bag........... ___ ._______ . __
Soap Powder, in cans, __ .. _ _ . ___ .... _ ..
ro '"''''
Sta~h. In bar<el ........... ,._. ______ ., .___ _
Sugar, In barrel ..... __ .. _ _ . __ ............ _ .. _.
"" , '"
''''
Sugar, in case .. ___ . ___ ._ _ .. _... _. __ ._... "" '"ro,
T ~a, in chestll ... _._._ _ _ .. ____ ._
Wines and L.iquo ... , in b~rrel ........... _. ___ .. "" , ""
".
HARDWARE, ETC.
Autom obil~ Parts. .. _._ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
,
"".,.," '"
Cha l n ________ ._. _____ . ____ . _ _ ..
Cutlery .. _ .. _________ . ___________ ..
Door Check ....... __ _ _ _ _______ ,, ""
""
Electrical Goods and Ma c h inery ..... _ _ .. _._._ _.
Hin lles.C~::::_::::;"'-------- "" ,, '"'"
".
Loc ks, I n case., packed ....
"'"3<> ,, '"
.=========
M ~chlnery, Llght.. .. _ ... ____ . _ _ _ ~ _ __.
,, ""
'" "'"'0
...
Plumbing. Supplie
Plumbing, Fixtu res. ......... ,3<>
Sas h Fastene .... _ _ _ ..
Straws_. _ _ _ _ _ _ .... _._. __ ._... "" , '""" "'"
Shafting Stee l .......... _____ . _ _ _ .. _.. _ _
Sheet TIn, In bo~es. ~. __ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ___ . '"
'" ,,
Tool., Small, Meta L. ..... _ _ _ . _ _ _ . __ ._... '" .'"
WII'iI Cables, on reel ... _____ ._._._._._. ____ ._ " '"
, '"
W ire. Insulated Copper, In coil L......_.
Wire, Galv ~ niz.d Iron, In coil"-----__ ..... _... "" ." '"
W ire, M~gnet, on Ip-ooIL _______ . _____ ._
" .'"
MISCELLANEOUS
Automobile T lres. ......... _. ____ . __ .. ______ _
Automobiles, uncr~ted .. _________ .____ _
Books (solidly pack."' ))_ ......_._ . _ _ __
ro

"'"
,
, ""
'"
..
Fu rni tu re _ _ _ .
Glan ~nd Chinawal'il. In crates_.. _._._ .. _. __ . ,,
Hides and L.eather, In bale l - _ . __ .. _ ...
Hides, Buffalo, In bundl ......... _______ ...
"'" ,, ''''
""
Leather ~nd Leather G oods_. _ _ _ _ .. ___ ..
Paper, Ne wspaper, and Strawbo~rd .. ____ ._ .....
"" ,, '"
''''
P~pc!r, Writ in g and Calendared_. _____. _______ .
Rope, In eoil ...... _ _ _ _ ... ______ . _ __ "'" ,, '"
""
Rubbe r, Crude ... ____ . _ _ . ___ ... ____ .. _. "'" '"
'00
T obacco, ba lu. .. _._._ ... _ .. _ _ . _______ ... _
" '"
A M E RI CA N IN S TITUT E O F STEEL CON S TRUCT I O N
336
STRUCTURAL TIMBER
ALLOWABLE UNIT STRESSES
POUNDS PER SQUA RE IN C H
F O RE S T PR O DUCT S L ABORATO RY . DEP A R T MENT OF AGR IC ULTURE
Bending Streas ComP<&SIion Slreas

Ame. ican Modulus
Sped ... of Tlmbec Standard
'" -~
..
Grade Extreme Horizontal Par~lIel dicul., Elasticity
""- to Or.in
.."
f iber to O,ain
Cedar, Western R~ ....
Cedar, Northern oed Southern

.... _- .. ....
~
Select
Co mm o n no ""
"'"
..
,., "....
---
.....
"",
Select ,~
White......................... --------_ ..... .... Co mm o n ~
"" no
Cedar, Port Orford-. .................... _ Seleet
Comm o n "'"
'" "" ""
no ,~
,"""'"
Cedar, Alaska .......... .......................... Select
"'" " ..,
000 ,~
''''''''''
.. . "'"'"
Comm on
Cypress, SOuthellL._ ........... __ ........ '" "."
Select
Comm o n ",''''' '" ''''''"'
Do~las Fir, Coast Region (Western De nse Sel ec t
\ ashington and Oregon) __ ....... Selec t
Comm on
,,~
"" '""" ""

,,., '"
117!>
""
~,
'"
,.....
Douglas Fir. Rocky Mountain
Region ....... ...... --.-.---....... .- .......... Sel ect
Comm on "'"
'"
.
."' '", '" ''''''''''
Fir, Balsam .. ... .. .........................._..
,,.--
,.,...
Select
Fir, Golden, Noble, Silver, White

Co mm o n ""
no "" '''''
""
,~
(Commercial White} __ ............... Select

""" '''''
Co mmon
H emlock, West Coast.. ......... _........... Seled '" "" "" "'"
Common """
"" "" ""
no
""
Hemlock, EastertL............................ __ Selec t
"'" " ''''' "'" ,,-
'" ..
Co mmon 00
,,., ""
Larch, Westem................................ Select
Common
'" '''' "'", '" ,~
","
,,-
Oak, Commercial Whi te and ReeL. Select ,."" '''''' ~
Co mmon
'''' '''' 000
""''''''
P inE, Southern Ye\low_ ................
P ine, Callf.. Idaho and No. White,
Dense Select
Sel ac t
Comm on
'''''
,,.,
''''
",
'" . ." ,~,
1115 =
~,
'"
~~ee'!f~~:.~~.~~~.:.~u~~'..~~~: &: IK t
"" ." '"'" ,~ ,.,...
.." '"
Co mm o n
P ine, Norv..ay ............ .........- ... .-...... Se le<:.t ""
C o mm o n "'"
'"
,,.,
000
"" ''''''''''
Redwood ....... ................... ..... _...... Selec t
" '''''' '" ''''''"'
." .'".'",
Common
'" 00
Spruce, Red, White. Sitka __ .... _.. Selec t
""" ,"""'"
"" ..'",
'"
.....
Co mm o n
Spruce, E nglemann __ ............. _... Se lec t
'"
,~
T amarack. Eastem. _ ..........

Co m mo n
Se lect '"
,,., '"
''''''
"" '''' ,~
, Co mm o n
'" 000
T h e , t ", ngth of wood i , influen ced con side ra bly by Itt m olstu ,"", co ntent . Fo r we t 10.
ca t io ns. the allowable wor king . t renu should be redu ced according t o cond itio n s li nd t im be r
used. R eco mm endati o n s cover ing speci fic cases ma y b o o btain ed f ro m t he Fo reat Productt
La bor;1to ry.
AMERICAN I N STITUT E O F STEEL C O N S TRUC TI O N

337
STRUCTURAL TIMBER COLUMNS

ALLOWABLE UNIT STRESSES
POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
FOREST PR OO U C T S LABO RATORY, DEPAR TMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AlMtican
Specie. of T imber Standard
Grade "
and
c,. 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 35 40 00
1- - -- - - - 1 - - = - - -1023- - -
1100 1076
----
9136!i8 1~ 978
Select
Ash, Commercial White............- .......... . 57336257 164
Common 880 868 857 840 818 184 647
Sele.:t 700 686 6H 656 629 m 438

Cedar, Western Red ; Fir, Balsam.... 304 224 171 11
Co mm on 560 5.'l3 SoI7 !>38 ~ 60Ii 4~
..,
Cedar, Northern and Southern
\\'hite ....... __ ....... _.................. _..... .
Chestnut; P ine, Northern While,
Seiad
"" ."
""
Common
'" ."
m ...
." """ ~
",,,,r 1.,... 179 137 86
Idaho White, Sugar, Calif. White,

and Pondosa ..........._............._........ ""
oro
Select
'"
,n
~, 617438
3042241711 1
Select
Commo n
'" ""~
1100 1063 1000
".'" '"""
810 , .,.,
Cypress, Southern; Larch, Western .. 729 526 365 268 206 1_
Common 880 861 843
Douglas Fir (Coast Region); Pine, I Den io

Select 1285 1251 1222 1176 1112 1022 7f!2
Southern Yellow; Beech: Birch. 1175 1149
Yellol" and Sweet; Maple, Sugar.. Select 1127 1093 1(1015 975 7f!2 487 3!i8 274 175
Douglas Fir (Rocky Mtn. Region) ;

Spruce. Red, White, Sitka; Nor-
way Pine; Alaska Cedar; Elm.
Slippery and While; Sycamore;
Gum, Red and Black; Tupelo
Com m on
Select
Common
..
880
""
870 861
no
841
'" '" ".."

'" ." "" """'
826 196 675
365 268 206 1 I,n

Hemlock, West Coast .................. .
&Iect
Common
on
." 783 614
660 573
426 313 240 153
Hemlock, Eastern; Fir, Commer- &Iect

"" '" 611 482
"" '" ..'"" '"
..
cial White. __ .......................... 335 246 186 121
Commun 515-9
"" '" ""
Oak, While and Red ....... _........... . '" '" '" .., '" 457 3J6 257 1&1
Common no ns 625
Select 1000
""
9n
'" '"
847 910
R edwood........ _._ .......... _..... _....... .
Common 800 186 n3 7Soi
Select 600 586 574 556 530 494 351

Spruce, Eog\emanl1. ____ ............ 244179 137
Common 480 413 466 457 444 426 347
Select 1000 976 9M m an 81 75701
_ _rn_'.k~o~C"'"'"T.'"'=occ"'<12c~o~m"m~o~'~c"..
, _T_"_ma ~ 788
n7 761 737 706~1",,",,"";o\I"~:':''''...!'-. 1
I No colu mn Ih"n be used In which thla un l upport-e.nenllth i, m o " than SO- temH the lea, t
diameter. I and d mU l t be fillured In t he lamia u nit of measurement.
Th e I trength of wood il influenced con,i d erably by It. mol' tu re content. For wet lo-
cation. the allowable working Itrnsn , hould be reduced according to conditions and timber
used. Recom mendatIon. coverlnll I peciflc cases m ay be Obtai ned from the Forest Productl
Laboratory.
AMERICAN I N S TIT UTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
33.
TIMBER
AMERICAN STAN D AR D SIZES
PROPERTI ES FOR DESI GN I NG
NATIONAl.. I..UMOEA M A NUF A CT U RER S ... S SOC1 AT10N
A...... ic ...
"U W.oght rMoment SectJon .........ic:ln IAru ' We11lh I IMMWlt' Sech""
Nominal
"'-
SUI_d
f: 01 Modu- Nom"",'
"'-....
Stand.d 01 ra,' 01 MOd ....
. ""'M
S~ oot I_tla I.. S... SecI_ 001 I..... ". lUi
S,n
-- -- ,". I~ - - . --
-'"- In' lb.
------1
In.' In'
'". ~~
In.'
2, . 1 ~x3'" 5.89 ,." 6.45 3.56 10xl0 9Mx9J.i" 90.3 25.0 679 '<3
' ;i
7)j
9 . 14
12.2
2.'"
3.39
24.1
57.1
8.57
15.3
,.,."
12 11 )j
13M
'09
' 28
30.3
35 .
1204 209
'9<8 289
' )j 15.4 ' .29 11. 24 .4 15)j 147 <0.' ".. 380
'0
12 11 )j 18.7 5. 19 206 35.8 17 )j '66 ...., . 4243' 85
"
16
13)j
15)j
21.9
25.2
6.09
6.99
333
50<
4S.4
65.1
20
22
19)j
21 )j ,..
'85 51.4
56.7
5870 602
7868 732
,,,. ."
18 17)j 28.4 7.90 726 82.9 24 23)j 223 62.0 10274
2 ~ x3 ~ 9.52 12x12 11 )1 xl 1}.i 132 36.7 253

'" 6 2." lOA 5.75
'0

' ;i
7)j
' )j
14 .8
19.7
2'1 .9
4.10
5.47
6.93
38.9
92.3
'88
13.8
24.6
3"
,.
14
16
13)j
15)j
17)j
19~1
155
178
20'
43. 1
49.5
55.'
2358
356' ...0
5136 587
34'
,,..
12 11 )j 30.2 8.39 333 57.9 20 22. 62.3 71 06 728
14 13)< 9.84 538 7'7 22 21 " 2<7 68.7 9524 886
..
35.'
15)j <0.7 .15 'OS 24 23)j 270 75.0 12437 '058
,.,.
11 .3
17)j 45.9 12.8 1172 13' 14x14 1 3~x13 ~ SO 2768 "0
'82
, 3 ~x3 ~ 13. 1
20 '
3.65
5.66
14.4
53 .
7.N
19. 1
15)j
'7 ~
209
236
58. '
65.6
"., "',
6029 68'
' ;i
'0
12
7)j
' )j
11 )j
27 .2
34. 4
...,
<41.7
7.55
9 .57
11.6
127
25'
'"
"'79.'.
34.0 20
22
",.
19)j
21 )j
23~1
263
290
317
73. 1
80.
88.' ,....
8342 866
11181 '0<0
12<43
,.,-" 13)j 13_ 7<3 110 16x16 1 5~ xI5 ~ 2<0 66.7 "'0 .21
.,.
'0
15)j
17)j
5J.i;oc5}i
7)j <4 1.3
' )j 52.3
" .2
63.<
30.3
15.6
17.6
....
11.4
'<5
1125
1619
76 .3
'93
330
,<5
'85
27.7
51.6
82.7
20
22
"
18x18
17)j
19)j
21 )j
23)j
17%x17 1oi
271
302
333
36<
306
75 .3 .923 791
83' 9 578 982
92.5 '2837 119<
'0' 16763 1<427
85.0 7816 .93
,".
12 11 )j 63.3 17.5 697 12' 20 19)j 34'
,,-", "'.8 10813 1109
,,, ,,,.
...
13)j 74 .3 20.6 1128 167 22 21 )j ' 05 144 93
23 ~
15)j 85.3 23.6 1707 220
" 18926 1611
.,. "..
18 17)j 96.3 26.7 2.' 26 25)j 12 24 181 1897
20 19)j 107.3 29. 3398 34' 20,20
'204'
7}ix7 ~ ".3 15.6 ,.. 70.3 22
19}ix19 }i
21)j
380
'"
.58
' 06 1236
11. 16 150 '502
'38 ,.9<.
23)j 127 2 1089 1795
,0
12
' )j
11 )j
7 1.3
" .3
19.8
23.9
536
'51
113
' .5
"
26
28
25M "7
27)j 536 ,,, 33795
2113
"58
,-" 13)j
15)j
10 1.3
1 16.3
28.0 '538
32.0 2327
228
300 24x2<4 23 ~x23 ~ 552 '53 25415 2 163
18 17)j 131 .3 36'< 3350
..,. 383 26 25}i''99 '66 32472 25<7
" .
20 19)j 146.3 <0.6 m 28 27)j 646 '80 40727 2862
22 21 )j 161.3 6211 57. 30 29)j 693 193 S0275 3<08
AU prolMrtl.. . nd .... ,lIhts g l ~." .... lor dreued alz" o" ly.
T he we illhts II I"" abovI .... bJoHd on ... umld aver. ge ... , illht of 40 pound, per c:.uble loot.
A M ER I CA N IN STI T U T E: 01'" S TEEL CON ST R UCTION

339
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
FREQUENTLY USED FORMULAS
The fonnulas given below are frequentl y required in structural designing. They
are included herein for the convenience of those engineers who have infrequent use for
such formulas and hence may find reference necessary. Variation from the standard
nomenclature on page 7 is noted.
BEAMS
Flex ura l a tre .. a t ex tre m e fiber:
r _ r..1c 1 _ M S
Flex u ra l . lre .. a t a n y fiber :
f = My I y = distance from neutral axis to fiber.
Ave r.,e vertic. I . he.r (for maximum see belo ..... ):
\' _ V A _ V dt (for beams and girders)
Ho ri~ontal . h e.rin lt . tre .. a t any aec tion A- A:
v _ VOI I b Q _ statical moment about the neutral axis of that por-
tion of the cross-section lying outside of section AA.
b .. width at se<:lion A-A
(Intensity of vertical shear is equal to that of horizontal shear acting normal to it
at the same point and both are usually a maximum at mid-height of beam.)
Slope and de A ~ ti o n at a n y poin t ;
E I d'y _ M x and y are ab!lcissa and ordinate respeclh'elyof a point
dx' on the neutral axis. referred to axes of rectangular c0-
ordinates through a selected point of support.
(First integration gi\'es slopes: second integration gives deflections. Constants
of integration must be detennined.)
C ONTINUOUS BEAMS
Unif o rm loa d : 1h ~: +2~1t, ( i: + I, ) + l'\'lc -
I~
I, - -
h
Conc entrated load.:
1\'1" ~~ + 2Mb( f~ + :: ) + Me ~: F,a,b, (1 +

IL
3,I, )
Considering any two conSKutive spans in any continuous structure;
Ma. Mb, 1\1.: - moments at leh. center. and right sUpPC?rts respectively.
II and It - length of left and right spans respectlvel}'.
I, and J, .. moment of inertia of left and right spans respecthely.
WI and 102 load per unit of length on left and right spans respectively.
F I and F, concentrated loads on left and right spans respectively.
a, ancl a 2 distance of concentrated loads from left support in left and right
spans resflCCtively.
hi and b 2 distance 0 concentrated loads from right support in left and right
spans respectively.
T he above equ.1tlOns are for beams with variable moment of inertia continuous
over three or more supports. By writing such an equation for each successive pair of
Hpans and introducing the known values of end moments. all other moments can be
found.
COLUMNS
Con ce ntri c all y loaded :
f .. F/ A
Ecce ntricall y loaded:
r .. F/ A+Mc/ l. Bending III plane of prinClpal axis. Deflection not
F considered .
.. A (1+ ee/rt) e - eccentricity of load.
AME R ICA N IN ST I TUTE OF STEE L C O N S TRU C TI O N
3 40
PROPERTIES OF TH E C I RCLE
C;r~umferen~e .. 6.28318 r .. 3.14159 d

Diamet er .. 0.31831 circumference
r-"~ Area ... 3.14159 r"
A r"\ A~

rr ,,0
- 1i(jO ... 0.0174$3 r
Angle ,,0 .. 18()O II .. 57.29578!.
R ad ius r -
"
4b' + c l
,
,,0
Chord , - 2v2br " ,. _ 2.5'n ~

R ise , - r- o,iV4r cl
,
- 2" tan T
A
. A
_ 2 ,"" 4 - ' + '1 - ".I_~I
, .. b - r +.J r - ~1
, .. ,,-r. (r +
Dia m eter of clrde of equal periphery u ~ua re
Si d e of .quaNl o f equa l periphe:;r as circle
..
'"'
y
1.27324 aide of square '"
0.785'10 d ia m eter o f clrcl .
Dia m eter of circle circumscribe about ,quare ... 1.41421 'Id, of aqua":1
Side o f square Inscribed In circle .. 0.70711 d iameter of circl.
C IRC ULA R S ECTOR

r .. r .. dlus 0 1 c'r<;le Y .. anglo nep In degrees
@
Area of Sector ncpo .. ~ (length o f arc na p X r j
.. Area of Circle x :Jo
.. 0.0087266 X .1 X Y
C IRC ULAR SEGMENT

r " radius of circle . .. chord b .. rlu
.
8
Area of Segment flop _ Area of Sector ncPO-Aru of triangle ncp
" -,
- - -" - (Length of aN; nop X r) -
, ... (r - b)
Area of Se!lment n ap _ Area of C;N;le - Aru of Segment nop

VA L UES FOR FUN CT ION S O F ".

..... 3 .141f>92653S9, log _ 0.4911499
11 _
" - 9.8696044. log _ 0.9942997 ~ _ 0 .3183099, log - 1.5028501 , -.=-
,
_ 0.5641896, log _ 1.751425\
"", -
... ' " 31.(106.2767, log _ 1.4914496 .!.. - 0.1013212. IOU - 1.0057003 0.0174533, log K2.2418774
."r_ "
1.1724539. log _ 0.2485749
,~ ... 0.0322515, Log - 2.5085500
"" - 57.2957795, Log - 1.7S81226
AMERICAN INSTITU T E; OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

34 1
LENGTH OF CIRCULAR AR CS FOR UNIT RADIUS.

By the uN of this table. th"len\lth 01 any arC may be found if the length of the radius and
the anllie of thllsOliment a'e known.
Exampte:- Aequ ired the lenllth of arc of ugment of 32" 15' 27" with radius of 24 lu t 3 inches.
From ubi .. : Length of an; ( Radiu.n for 3Z' .. . 5585054
1 S' .. . (H).I3633
27" .. . 0001309
-.S629996~
.5629996 X 24.25 (length of radius) .. 13.65 Int.
3
,,. "'

...
.0I74S31
.052 3599 """ ""
DEGREES
1.0&16508
1.082 1041
1.099 5574
121 0
'"
,,.
'"
2.111 848<1
2.129 3017
2.1461550
,,.
3
..
MINUTES
..000 ""
51118
.oooan7 3
......
SECONDS
,,. .
.000 0097
.000 0145
,,,
.0698132 1. 1170107 2.164 2083
,, .001 1636
,, .000 0194
,,
.0872665
.104 7198
.122 1730
"""
"" 1.134 4&KI
1.1519173
1.1693706
'"
'"
'"
".
2181 &616
'2.199 1149
'2.216 !J682 ,,
,
.001 4!1014
.001 7~
.002 0362
,,
, ........ "'""""
.000 0242
.000 029 1
..",
.." ." ... "'" ". ..... "'"

,139 6263 1.1868239 2234 0214 .002 3271
.1570796 1.204 'Z172 .002 6180
'" 2.251 4747
2.2(;89280
n" ""
.1745329 1.2217305 .00000185
"" ... """

.1919862 .003 1998
.."" ,."" ..
1.239 11138 2.286 3813 .",
'"
.209 4395
.2'26 8928
1.256 6371
1.2740904
m
,,.'"
2.303 8346
2.321 2879
.."" .003
.003
4907
7815
.... ""
.244 3461 1.291 50136 2.338 7412 .004 On4 .000 0679
.....=
"" .261 7994
""n 1.308 9969
'" 2.356 1945
"" ""
".'"'"
.279 2!!27 1.326 4502 2.3736478 .004 65012 .000 On6
"""
.296 7060
.3141593
1.3439035
1.361 3568
2.391 1011
2.408 5544 "" .004 9451
.CIO!">2J60
"""
.000 0824
""
.000 0873
.
2.426oon
.331 6126
.
1.378 8101
'"'W, " .CIO!"> 5269 .0000921
'" .34~ 0659

.366 5191 '" 1.396 2614 2.4434610
2.460 9142 '"" .0058178
.006 1087
",."'"
.000 0910
,.""" .
1.4137167 .000 11116
.383 9724
.401 4257
.4188790
"" 1.431 1100
1.4486233
1.466 0766 ..'"'", 2.4783675
2.4958'208
2.5132141 ,.""
.1106 3995
.006 6904
.006 9813 "
.000
.000
.000
1067
1115
1164
.,""
.436 l323 1.483 5299 2.530 7274 .0072722
"" '" "" "" .000 1212
"
.4!>3
.471
7856
2389
1.500 98J2
1.5184364
...'"
'"
'"
2.5481807
25656340
""
.0075631
.007 8540
"
.000
.000
1261
1309
.
""
.4S8
.506
6922
14~
.!!235988 ""
""'"
1.5358897
1.5!.3 3430
1.5701963
1.588 2496
'"""
2.!>83 0873
2600 5406
2.6179939
263544n
"
""'"
.008 1449
.008 4358
...."""'"
""
""' ,.""'"
,009 0175
.000
.000
.000
1357
1406
14501
,.""
.6410521 .000 1503
33
.558 50501
.5759587
"
1.W!i 7029
1.623 1562 '"
'"
2.&529005
2.610 3538 33
.... "'"
.009 5993 33
.000
.000
1551
1600
.5934119
" 1.6406095
'" 2.6878010
" .000 1648
" .6108652
.628 31~
""
16!>8 0628
1.6755161 '"'" 2.705 2603
2.722 7136
"" .0101811
.010 4720 "" .000
.000
1691
1745
"""
2.7401669
""" '" "" ""

.6457718 1.692 9694 .0107629 .000 1794
...
1.7104227 2 757 6202 .011 11538
"
.663 2251
.680 6784 1.n78760 '"
'" 2.7750735
" .011 3446
"
.000
.000
1842
1891
.,..'" .,..'"
.. .. "'"
,011 6355
.,
.698 1317
''''' 1.7453293
"" 2.7925268 .000 1939
. ..
2-809 9801 ,011 926<1
'"
..
. 715~ 1.7627825 .000 1968
,''",ro"" '"
1.7802358 2,8274334 .0122173
.m
.750 """ 2,844 8867
" 4916 1.7976891
'" " .012 5082
" .000 2085
.7679449
.,., "" "",

1.8151424
'" 2.8623400 .0127991 .000 2133
.."
""
" ""
.802 8515
,.,
.620 3047
.837 7580
.. 1.8325957
1.8500490
1.867 Ml23
1.884 9556 .
'"
'"
,'"
2.879 7933
2.89720\66
2.91 i 6999
2.932 1531 ..
""
" .013 0900
.0133809
.0136717
.0139626
""
" ..
.000 2182
.0002230
.000 2279
.0002321
.855 2113
'" 1.902 4089
'" 2.9496064
" .01425J5
" .000 2376
""'"
.8n 6646 1.9198622 2 967 0597 .014 !io'I44 .000 2424
""'" .890 1179

.907 5712 '"""
'"
1.9373155
1.954 7688
1.9n 222 1
'"
'"on
,,.'"
2984 5130
3.001 9663
~
.OH 8353
.015 1262
"""
'" .000 2473
.000 2521
~ .925 ~5
'" 3.0194 196 .015~17 1 .000 257t1
"""
" .9424778
.9!)9 9311
.977 3844
'"
''""
1.989 6153
2.007 1286
2.~ 5819 '"
'"
3.036 8129
3,1)54 3262
3,071 7795
"
""
.0157080
.0159989
.0162891
"
"" ... ""
.000 2618
.000 2115
""
'"
.994 8377
1.0122910
1.029 7443
1.047 1976
'"
''""
""
2.0420352
2.059 4885
2.076 9418
2.094 3951
m
..
,'"'"
3.089 2328
3.106 6861
31241394
3. Hl5927
""
'""
.0165806
.0168715
.017 1624
.017 4533
""
'""
... "'""'"
.000 2763
.000 2812
AME; R IC;AN I NS T IT U TE O F STEE;l.. CONSTR UC;TION

342
TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
TRIGONOMETRIC
Radiu s AF -,
.. l in' A + cos' A .. lin A co.ec A
FUNCTIONS .. COIAlo:<::A - tanAcotA
H
~/('o
Sine A
- - ,,,~A
cot A
COOK A _ coIAtanA _ Il - COA' A .. Be
, COline A
- - lin A
unA ItC A
- ,;nAcot"' _ ~ 1 _;n A .. AC
\ - -
/:
lin A _m
T a ng e nt A CO!A - "i nAaecA
COl A
o .. c~ A _ _, _ _ COl A cosec A _ HG
Cotanllent A
" n A tan A
A C
Sant A
.. oA
- .i"A - coIA
, _ AD
COlecant A
- cot A 1
cOIA - . lnA
_ AG
RIGHT ANGLED
TRI ANGLES
al _ cl _ b'
~
b' _ c> _ a"
c' - .' + b'
A C
A"'Iulred
K~o
, ,
.. ,
'. ,
tanA - b"
,
li n A - '-
A
YO .-
COl B ..
,
-

-,

,I~
"" + bo
,,~
"'"
"
-,-
,
A 90" _ A a cot A
il"ii"'A --,-
", .;ot A
A. , "' - A b tan A
, --,-
b' tan A
A. , .,. A C lin A C COl A

COl A
,,',1,,214.

OB LIQUE ANGLED
TRIANGLES
,,1 - b' -t c' - 2IK.cOIA
-
~ o
,
a + b +c b' .. .. I + C. _ 2: .. c cos B
0;' .. ,,' + b' - 2: ab COl C
A C
K~o
R""uirod
, ,
, A
, C
,
2" c ..
Area
,-,-. ,--,,- ,-.-,-

a, b, c cos2'A - COSF S - COl " (I - I ) (I - b ) {.-cj
f. (I I ) 1.1 - b) I~
180"- (14.+ 8 )
a lin B a .In C
a, A. B l inA ITiiA
si nB _ bilnA b .in C
a, b. A
IiII8
a, b , C tanA _ ,.lnC
b-a cos C
",I + b l hbcoaC --,-
ab sin C
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE OF SrEEL CONSTRUCTION

343
SQUA R E
Axis of momento through cente r A

- ,,.
II , , - .,-,.
I
- ----- --<- I
- ,,-,.
I , - -,-
,
- ,~
, -"12 - ,288675 d
SQUARE
Ax;s of moments on base A

,
-- ,,.
1 ,.
1 I
- -,-
, - -,-,.
1I I _1
, - , -
-
~.~ .517350 d
"
S Q UARE
Axis of moments on diagonal

A
- ,.,
, - ;.,- - .707107 d
!
._----- 1 I
- ,.,.1T
0 .> , -
, -, -
-
6 JZ
"12
,117851 d*
.288tl75d
REC T ANGLE
A.i. of moments through cente r

A
- ,"
~.
!
, - .,-
I- 1----- _1. I
- ".".,,-
i s - -,,-
I-- ' ~
, - - vl2 .288675 d
A M ER ICA ... I NST I T U TE OF S T EE L CONST RUCT I O N

344
RECTANGl.E
A~il of mom ent. on base
,"
A
,

I
, "'
-,- .
, ".
-,-
1. -~
I
,
, V, - .577350 d
RECTANGLE
A
Axi, of mDmenu "n diaoonai
,
"
"
" b' + d'
bId'
6 1b' + d l )
, 6"b' + d'
b Id '
, '"
, I e (b'+d l )
REC TANGLE
Axl. of moments any line
throUllh center 01 gravity A
, " ,
bslna + dcol a
bd (b" .l"'a + dl c .... a )
, bd (b' .In ' a

"+ d' COS'I )
6 (bsina+dcosa)
+ dl C01<ta
,
~
b' lin la
"
HOLLOW RECTANGLE
Axi . of moment. throUllh center A
, ,
-,-
"- ,
.1
s
, , 12A
A M ER I CAN I NST ITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUC T IO N

345
EQUAL RECTANGLES
A.I, of mom ent. through
ce nte r of gr.. ~ity
A
-, b (d - d, l
11 I I , 0
I
,
,-
- -,-
b (dO d,'l
LB~ , - " b (d" -

--~--
d,')
, - ' 12,.d - ,,'

d,i
UNEOUAL RECTANGLES
.11.1,01 momenu throullh
clnter of gravity A - bt + b,t,
r:l ==f!t- :j;;':;;j , - + bit,A-

~ 'I.t bt" fd >,i h )
--
, - bt' blt,-
I r------T r
I ,
, - -.-,
12 + btyO + - 12-
--
" "
,
+ bah)',"
I
,
I.--"~
....:1...
~
, - ,,r.-,
TRIANGLE
AILlof moment. through
untor of gravity
A
- ---,-"
, - --,--"
/-\1
!i --- __1 , - ..........
, - "--..--
,
r--b-"i
, - '" - .235102 d
TRIANGLE
A.I. of mome.ntl on base

A
- -,....-
, - ,
!
J
I
/\ 1
I.---,~
.....
, - ,,---
.....
, - ,,---
,
- ", - .408248 d
AMERICAN I NST ITU TE O F STElEl.. CONSTRUCTION

346
TR APEZOID
A.. I, of momenU thcoUllh
A _
center of gravity d eb
,
+ b')
, - d (2b + h. l
+ b, )
JI j /____~_-1
! (b
, - dl (b' + 4 bb. + b,l)
--
38 (b + b,)
dl (b " + 4 bb. + b,")
12 (2b + b. l
, 8(b ! bt l .J 2: ( b l + 4 bb, + b," )
Ale"
C IR CLE
of moments A .. 4
.,. .. .. .785398 d' .. 3.141593 R'
through center
, ,
-,-
_ R
.. .049087 d" .. .78S3% R"
R
- T .. .098'75 dl .. .785398 R "
HOLLOW C IRCL E
",(d' - d,l)
A -

- -,-,
Ax l. of moments
through "e"ter
,
, - .. . 049087 (dO - d." )
--
,
",rd"
'"
";dl + d,'

d," ) .. . 098175 d . -;;- d
HALF C I RCLE
Axl, of momenta through

A .R
--,-- .. 1.570796 R"
"enter of IIr~vity
, R(' - ,: ) .. .575S87 R
--I
R'

(-'-- ~)
h
R' (h" - 64)
24 (3", 4)
..
..
.109757 R4
.190687 R"
, - R ..Jh;", 64 .. .264336 R
AMERICAN I N ST ITUT E OF STEEL CONSTRU C TION

347
PARABOLA
, A
T ab
m
2
-T ' '. -
"16 'b
115 a
m
-'-' o,
- Tf "b l
o,
- 32 Ib
lOS"
HALF PARABOLA
,
A
- 2
Tab
r'
4
m
-" 2
,
- ,'.!. ,

--,' '. - 175 a .,
J m
_.1 , "
-
-
19 b"
480 "
l-:
"
" -
16 'b
lOS"
2
TS
ab1
COMPLEMENT OF HALF
,
,
PARABOLA
--, A
m
Tab
,
TO"
, -T'
m
0 .!.,

'. 37
2100 a
,
"b
0
o,
- 80 abo
PARABOLIC FILLET ON ,
,
RLGHT ANGLE
2';2
r-m
, ,
"
l, A ,"
...!..- t'
m 0 .!. ,
5
o, ,, " ,
2100 t
AMERICAN IN STI TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

348
HALF El.LlPSE
, A
-, TU b
1 (i m
- "o.
1'--+---+-- 'r-"!" ' '. - a'b(-=-- "'!")8 9",
3 _ , .....L a .. - + ~"b'
1-.---1, .. - ,
, n'b
QUARTER ELLIPSE
,
A
- ,..
T~ab
",.
, .
m
, -
-"
.
,L
! 11
'--I---j--- -~ ,
m
---'-,
"
,. - "'b('~6
,. - .,. C
- 9: )
-"-- - ~)
, 16 9~
~.~ ,. - , "'i6 uSb

,. - *"ab'
ELLIPTIC COMPLEMENT
,
A
- ., C' --;)
r '-j m
-
'c'--n
j Ir-'-r
I ,- " - 'c'-, ;)
.. - a'b ( TI - T6
" - ( 1
; ))
i'--'~
'"
"
- ab' ("3" - 16 - 36 (1 _' : ) )
To obtain propert," of hall <=irc: I ~, qu arter circle and circular compleme nt l utntl tute 11 _ b _ R.
AMERICAN IN S TITUTE OF STEEL CON S TRUC T ION

349
Number of sidea
REG UL AR POL. YGON
,.,.
Axi. of moments
through eenter
".
2 t a n '"
A {- n"'eot ~ ... -} nR" .inU _ nR,' tan ..

A(6R" - a l \
..
A(12R,' + .')
" - ra -
, "
" , ..
ANGLE tan 2iI
Alii of moments through
center of gravity bl +ct
A t (b + c ) ~ - 2 {b + C )
K Product of Inertia about X -X & V-V

.bcdt
+ 4b + c )
Ix -} (t (d - yj a + bY' - a (y - t j l )
I, ! (t (b - Xj l + dXI - c (x - t )' )
I. I. s1n ' 8 + 1y cosOO + K ,l n Z/l

I.... Ix c<)S' 8+ lys ln I8 - K si"26
+-\>y
! K I.. negative when heel of angle. with respect
to C, II .. i, j" h t Or 3rd quadrant, plnltiY\I
when In 2nd or 4th quadrant.
z-z is axis of mini mum 1
SEAMS AND CHANNELS

Tran.vc ...... fOrGe oblique
through center of gravity
where M Is bending moment due to fOrGe F.
4 4
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

350
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

FOR VAI~IOUS STATIC LOADING COND ITIONS
Equivalent Tabul ar Load' I, tile un ifor mly di l tributed load given In the beam tahl es, page. 177 to 207.
For meaning of sy mbol . lee p'lIe 7.
1. S I MPLE BEA.M - UNIFORML Y D ISTRIBUTED LOAD

Equivalent Tabula. Load .. ,...1
~kl ~-,--l
'e.
~
Llh..
l.r~- ,
0
Sh .. a, ~IIIl
0
Ill
,
V,
_ V
Mm .. ~. (at center)
M,
.
-,.,
-w(t-,)
-, K'I'
- - ,-
., (I-x)
5 1<,/4
ol.mak. (at ce nte r)
+W11T1rITlIJ
.. 384 EI
_ ~n
Mom. ot
" ''''
21x" + xl)
2. SIMPLE BEAM- LOAD I NCREASING UNIFORMLY TO ONE END
' ,
Equivalent T a bular Load .. 16;_ .. 1.0264W
~-
" wm ' . .. V, . -, W
R,
" .. \/1 min. . --,- ,W
R, ~""'j V, w.
W
-3--"-
,w,
V. Mmn.( ..t~ _ :a - .57741).
...., I"-l:l! ..2 V
.. 9 ';3- .. .1283 WI
w
M. .. 3TI ( I I -~' )
MFnlll~ Momen'
.:. max. ( n x _ I ,/1- ~ _ .51931 ) .. . 01304
W
~:.
" . .. 180E I I. (3.- 10 / "x + 7/ 4)
3. SIMPLE BEAM - LOAD IN CREAS ING UNIFORMLY TO C ENTER

Equivalent T ab ul ar Load --,- .W
~J -,
, W
, _ V
f-f J- f-l~'
w
v. (WI"'" <+) .. ~ ( I ~--'bl )
V Il'1-- Mmu.( at cent er ) --W,,-

~~
M
_. bI
M,
tlmu.
(When. <+)
( at center )
.. W. ('2 - 3'/1)
w,
.. 60E I
",
Moment
". - W,
480EI I'
( 511_ x'
AME;RICAN I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

351

FOR VARIOUS STATIC LOADING CONDITIONS
For munlng of 5ymbol l , He JUlIIC 7.
4, SIMPLE BEAM - UNIFORM LOAD PARTI ALLY DISTRIBUTED
- V. -,
m~l
R. (mu. when a <e ) - 21 (2e + b)
wfri I R. - V. (mn.Whlrla > , ) - ~ (Za + b)

R.
'_. R.
-"
~,
V. (Wilen. <; aand > (a + b) . R, -~, ( ~ - a )
V. III I, Shea. Mmu.(atx _ a + :~). - R, ( .. + ~) ,.

+~ ..... V2 M . (whe"o < < . . - RO'
M, (When" >a and < (a + b . - R,x - ,

" ( I- a
"1'"/I'l 11 ~ M, (When. < (a + b ) - R. ( I -I )

Moment
.
5. SIMPLE BEAM - UNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED
,
1-'-
I R,
-
AT ONE EN D
V. ma.,
..
- -2i (21 - . )
R. - V.
M-a_
- ---n-
V (Whe,," <_)
..
R, R, - R. - KX
Mm ( , - ~)
- R,. - -..,-'
R,'
f-...... - z.;-
r il'I'l- M, (Wheno <.)
ftl 'lIea,
V,
M. (Whenx >_) . --, (
Rt ( I - xl
)
+ kif ~ Momen!
SIMPLE BEAM -
"
"
(When 0<")
(wheno >,)
UNIFORM LOADS PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED

- 24EII . 1(21- &) "-2... "(21- . )+1._
~ ." (I-'l (4d_ 2Jc 1_ .
- ~IT
t )
AT EACH END
R. - V, - 1<' (21- 11) +1<",1
" +.......
w.
I R,
- V, - ,,'.c (21-<:)
"
~
V, (wh"nx < a) - R . -" .~
R, R, V, (when" > aand < (a+b). - R. - RI

~
V, (When" > (a+b) - RI - ... (I- x)
r. I't,., I
-.l,V
Mma . (at x .. .!!.! when R. < ~. a) . .

R.'
- 2.<'.
-"t~
w, ~ Mm.~.(at" I_ ~ R. < ~ .c)
I"'" I ..
-, when
R.'
.. 211",
. ....
-
"r'A 1J1njn,
M, (Whenx < a) R,x - -,-
(a+b). - N'.a
R,x _ _ , _(2x _ a )
".
M, (When" > a and <
M om. ~t
M. (When x > (a+b) - R. ( I -x) - "". ( I ,

AME:RICAN IN S T ITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
352

Equ]yale nt T abular Lo .. ~ i, the uniformly diltrlbuted load given In tho bum tables. paD" 177 to 207.
f or m~ninD 01 .ymba . l ee pige 7.
7. SIMPLE BEAM--CON CENTRATEO LOAD AT CENTER
'~
Equivalent Tabular Load
-"
~1 R _ V
-,F
,,
R R
y 111 11 1
4~ Mm;u.( at point of load) --,-"
Shear
1111111 V M, (Whenx <i-) "
--,--
<l.max. (at pOi nt of l.nd) ".
+- Af1l fhlh
- 48 EI
Mom.~t ." ( whenx < f ) . . 4:~1 (3 / 1-4xl )
SIMPLE BEAM--CQNCENTRATEO LOAD AT ANY POINT

F, Equivalent Tabu l". Load . - 1--
8 Fab
1---1 R. ... V,( m;n, when .. < b)

. --,"-
'-I" --,-
R,
R. _V.( ma., whe" .. > b) . "F"
\0-.
Mmu.( at poi nt of lo .. d) . --,-
V, 1111
V,
M, ( w henx < a ) ",
--,-
Shea,
.1m .... (at x. . "a(a-;- 2b l whe"a > b) ...
Fib ,a+ 2b) >/b ra + 2 b)
21 el l
+IA~ Moma nl
"
"
( at J>Oln t of load)
( whenx < a )
- 3ElT
Falb l
",
... 6ErT ( 11_ bl _ . I )
9. SIMPLE BEA M - TWO EQU A L CON CENTRATED LOADS

SYMMETR I CALLY PLACED
",
--,-
,~~ rl
Equivalent Tabul.r Load
blF'Tl R _ V
. _ F
~ . _F.
_F,
R Mmax. (between loadS)
V M, (when' < 3)
'~."r
1111 V
t. mu. (at c.. ntu) -" 24EI
(3 / "-4a O)
Mr
iA ~ " (Wh.. n~ < a) - '"" (3 Ia- 3a"- x")
Moment
" (When x > a and < (I_a )) - '"" (3 1. b'
."
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTFlUCTION
353

Equivalent Tabulae load I, the uniformly di.tcibuted load given in the beam table pag ... 177 to 207.
For munlng of symbol . lee page 7.
10. SIMPLE BEAM- TWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS

UNSYMMETRICALLY PLACED
_v.( rna.. when a < b) ,

I~"l j' 'n'-' R, - T ( I -a + b)
,
R'I. T - r '" .. , ( I -b + lI)
v': -v.(m ......".>o)
r-1 <>- ~ (whon. > aand <O-b .. ~ (b-.)
V, [lllll M. (max. whe .. , > b)

Shit.. -.J..V ,
M. (mu.When. < b) .. R.b
(Whe". <.). .. R,
Momenl M, (whe .. x >a and < (l-bJ) .. R,. F (x- a)
11. SIMPLE BEAM- TWO UNEQUAL CONCENTR ATED LOADS

UNSYMMETRICALBY PLACED
_ v,
F " I' '. " - ,
F . (1_. )+ Fab
_ v.
" - , "
F,:a + F. O
~'-f
"
V,
--.~
mTl
v,
M,
(When. >. and
(max. when R, < F. )

< (I-b .. R, _ F,
.. R, a
She ar
IIIII ~. M. (mu. when R. < F. ) ... .. R.b
I
IA ii ~. (WII.". <.).
M, .. R,
M,
Moment M, (Whe". > a .. "d < ( I - b .. R,.- F. (x- a )
12. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHER-

UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
1 ' - '-
.,"---"i Equivalent Tabular Load - ,,/

R. _ V
- -,-
3w l
',' J -- ,-S", I
v,,t , Mmax.
.,.-
--.
_ R. -rex
- ':8 "'/
.,.
_ R.x- -
It'X '
,-
- 1S5E'
AMERICAN INSTITUTE Of' STEEL CONSTRUCTION

354

FOR VA RIOUS STA TIC LOA DING CONDITI ONS
Equivalent Tabular Load I, the uniformly diur l buted load given In the beam tabla.. pages 177 toW?
For muninll of symbol s u pall" 7.
13. BEAM FI X ED AT ONE EN D , S U PPORTED AT OTH ER-

CON CEN TRATED LOA D AT CENTER
Equ ivalent Tabula. Load
" "
R . .. V,
"m
- -Hi-
R . .. V. mu. - 16
Mmu.(at fixed end).
- ~ '"
M. (u point of load) .. '"
32-
V'4-';l
1If.!I Ie1!-' 4n-
11="" Mx (Whenx< ~.)
lihnr II'I-'-LLLLLj-"V' M~ (whe"x>f) ,(-' - -", )
I I 2 .16
'" , t-..-rrrn----:;n""Tlh- ~ J.mu. ("tX _I \! _.44721) F I3 F I"

.. 48EI " 5 .. . 009317 EI
MOm "nt lN11 A. (al point of load)
7F I3
I , ,,":" 768EI
rr ' ~ .
nx (When. < ~) ", 3' 5.2)
A. ( whe" > )
''''
" ""
14. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHER-
CONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
R . .. V. . co'
.. 2 /' (. + 2 1)
R. .. V.
"
.. 2/1 (3 10- ,,0)
'I,.. M, eat
r,(' point of load) .. R,a
R,
M, (at fixed end) . ,,'
.. """'2fO (. +I)
R,
I-'T' ~ M, (When> < a).

,,,
V,
~
M. (When.).
R"
,.
F (>- a )
" ''' 1111111111 V,

'I'
llmiU. ( when ~ < .~14 1 .it l : "+")
3 "-. _
'" '"
a" l '
""I'
M,
.<1111l't>-,. J.miU. (When a > .~14 1 at .. - 1 "21~a) - ." Fab'
2 1~a
.'.':J "-I. ::r
~ r'
R,
M
,
0> (at poi nt of load)
Fa'b"
12EI , '
\
3 +a)
Fb'x
(Whenx < a). 12EI / > (3a l > 21. z- u
" -
(When.>a). - 1::11> (1 . )" (3/'.-a'. 2a'l)

"
AMERIC AN IN STI TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
355

FOR VA RIOUS STATIC LOADING CONDITIONS
Equ ivalent Tabular Load I, the uniformly distributed load given in the beam uble. . pages 117 to 207.
For meaning of s ymbol., l ee INIge 7.
15. BEAM FI XE D AT 80TH ENDS- UNIFOR MLY DISTRIBUTE D

LOAD
, , Equivalent T abular L.oa d
- '-,
,-
- ' -1 w, " - V
w,
--2-
I I I
" , I , " V, , ,
- .e; - .)
~
~T'
M mu. ( .. t end. ) - w""
V
~
S I'In , ~
M, (at ce nter) - ,.-
"./"
~
.:2 1131
t::
"-'.I.lJ V

M,
M,
11 m .... ea' center )
, . -- " ... 16 1. -1 -6.")
",/"
M
l:: ~
- 3,,-x-'''' , -x
Mom .. ~t M ....
-"
" 24EI
16. BEAM FIXED A T BOTH ENDS CONCENTRATED LOAD AT

CENTER
Equivalent Tabular Load - ,,

-,,.
M mu. ( at center and end, )
Mx (When. <~ )
--,-,
.. 8 (4.-1)
.lmu. (at center )

'"
192.EI
,,'
" - 4BEI 13 1-4.0.)
17. BEAM F I XED AT BOTH ENDS CONCENTRATED LOAD AT

ANY POINT
, R, .. V, ( m :u . when a < b)
-- ,'",.".. (3.. +b)
",if" r 'I ". R' . V. ( mu. when a > b)

M, erna . when .. < b) -- Fa b'
"
F"h
(a +3b)
+- " - - ' _b > M, ( mU.Whe na > b)
V,
I
M. ( at pOint of load) "
---,,-
2Fa'b'
8h~3f
Will ;,
,
M, ( When,. .::; .
- R,. - " Fi b'
....,., , ~ m .... ( Whena > batx _ 2a / )

3;> + b - 2Fa'b '
3E I(3a + W
Fa'b'
M, L y ' Mo me ~'
"'\J ..M 2 " ( at point 01 lOad) - 3EI/i"""
" ( Whenx .:: a). - Fb''''

6EI I ' Ila /-3u- h )
AM E RICAN INSTITUTE OF S T EEl.. CONSTRUCTION

356

Equivalent Tabul ar Load I. the uniformly distributed load Dive" In the bum table., pagel 177 to 207.
For meaniflll of 5ymbol ue pag" 7.
18. CANTILEVER BEAM - LOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY

TO FI X ED END
,- - Equival e nt Tabulae Load

_ w
,
1-=
::F1' w
II
R _ V .
"
- W71
w
w,
M max. (at fi .,d end) ,
M, w,'
.l ma. . ( at ' re" end) W"

'"
15E I
W
" SUE I , > ,. ' 5 / . + 4 /")
19. CANTILEVER BEAM - UNIFOR MLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
"
' , , Equival en t Tab"la' Loa d
-,
um9
R _ V .
I "
~.J - .,
j" v.
Mmu.( at fixed a nd) --,-.,.
~ M. --,-
...
."
.l mu. (at fr"e end) - "'lEI
" .
ZOo BEAM FIXED AT ONE END. FREE BUT GUIDED AT
OTHER- U NIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LO AD
The d .. nedion at the guidad end ;. ,,"umed to be In a "".... Ical plane .

~I!J~II'Il:'II=~~
Equivalent Tabular Load - l " 1
.,
.J b" _ W' X
I""lTITTTT-mcn , M mu. (at !hed tnd) --

.,.,-
"" (at lIulded end) ,
M.
.,.
~ (I "- lx"j
- 24E I
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF' STEEL CONSTRUCTION

357

Equivalent Tabular Load I. the ""lIormly dl.tr;but~ d load given In the bnm lables . pages In to 207.
For meaning of s ymbol., no page 7.
21. CANTILEVER BEAM CO NCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
q, .,. -+-10 _-
Equival e nt Tabular L.... d
R _ V(Whftnx < a) .
M rna . (at liled end)
(when .> a).

-,
-- "
'",
F ,. -"'
,
r
..1 m" . ( u II"flIOnd). ". 13 - b )
S ~u r
(at point of load) '".
"",
"
(Whenx < a). ". , ,.
"
(When. >.). '" ,,, "
--,,,
F (I-x"
" "
22. CANTILEVER BEAM- CONCENTRATED LOAD AT FREE END
, Equivalent Tabular Load . . _ IF
R _ V -,
I J J'
-"
[~IIIIIIIIIIII I I .,
M m ax. ( at fixed end)
-"
&mu . (a t free end)
" .
23. BEAM F I XED AT ONE END. FREE BUT GU I DED AT OTHER-

CONCENTRATED LOAD AT GUIDED END
H, The dell.ction at the guided end I, ""umed to be in 11 nr1 ical ptane.
R _ V .
-"
-,
Ili~111111111J1 :
S hear
M maK. ( at both end . )

",-
~ ma . (at guided end)
,,.
- 12EI
F (I~'l '
- 12EI (/+ 2. )
AMERICAN IN STITU TE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

358

For mun ing of tym bolt, ' " plg e 7.
24. B EA M OVERH A N G IN G O NE S UPPORT- UNIFORMLY

DISTRIBUTED LOAD
R, .. V. "'. (I ' .')

.. V, + VI " +.)'
;,(1
, "
"
""
II
1- -
... (I+ a)
'" .
V.
V. ( between I UPPOru )

~-
R, - ~
(I ' + . 1)
I( ,2)
'l1 ' -"F-
1
e lor ov.r~ .. nll ) (. ,,)
(Ito _ ~ I' :: J) .'

8/" ( I + 1 ) 1(/ - 1 )1
M. (" ,.) -~, "'. '

M I' M. (t..tw" .. . u ppO.... ) N" (I ' "-- 0 1)
e "
T
JIII""'tnl M,
< M., lor ove.han" ) 2 (a - I ll"
- 1(1- ;~)
(between . upports) . .. 2::1 / (/4 21. LI-/.--2./1+ 2.. )
"
". (for OWI.h ang ) ."
.. 24 E j (,a'/ /' +&".,-4 .. ,"+.,')
Z5. BEAM OV ERHA N GdNG O N F SUPPORT- UNIFORMLY

DISTRIBUTED L OAD ON OVERHAN G
R, _ V , .. ,
R. _ V, + V.
"

,.,
... ( a " )
" }---'---I;;:-'
~m ... (between ' '' ppoma" "-:3)" W,,' "

M ~.
L .lm ... ( l or ove rha "g a '" " ;0) .....
18
N Et
...
>13
'
EI
~I + 3.)
e betw .... I.,pporta) . .. -'ZEI I ". ."

", Clor overha ng ) -
.'.,
2~EI
(4a '+II.I ' a, >lu . .... 1
A M E R ICAN IN S T I T UTE O F S TEE l.. CON S TR UCT I O N

359

FOR VAR IOU S STATIC LOADING CONDITIONS
Equivalent Ta bula, Load i. tho ,,"iforol11~ di&trlbuted load IIlven In the beam table pall,"n7 to 207.
For mun lng of I ymbol see. page 7.
26. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORT- CONCENTRATED

LOAD AT END OF OVERHANG
R, _ V,
--,,"-
R~ _ V,+V. - T O +a)
v. . . . . _ F
"
)
h-m-h- M. ( betw... " . upporu.
Mmu.(atR.). _ Fa
,
_ - ,-
..
1111 v, M., ('orove'hanll)
'1 . ,"
V,~~FI' , )
<l.mu. ( betwun l u pp ortoatx - "3 -
lima.. (lor overll."11 at "' _ a)
_ F (a- x. )
Fa l "
9~'3E I .06415
_ ~~; ( I + :0 )
Fa l l
Er
Mom .. "! Jill ,I IV. l .

-ll",'"'JYL_ _.l.'
iI.
4"
(betwee" s upports) .
(forove,han g )
-
_
:E"tl (/ O_ x')
=~:- {:lal+h" -".)
27 . BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORT- UN I FORMLY

DISTRIBUTED LOAD BETWEEN SUPPORTS
r---:--' Equivalent Tabular Loaol - .,.,

, I. a -:--
-,
~I" "1 v,
.,.
... (f - ) X
;~tf-f M mu. (at ce .. ter)
M, '
- -,-
..
- T (I - x)
'''" I"I.lJ"j_-+-'-V t. mu. (at center)

!W,/
.. 3MEI
.,
_ ~ ( I' _ 2Ix' + x')
ML t11f11111 'i nn.. .. I"X'
Mom. fIt '" .. 24E r
28. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE S UPPORT- CONCENTRATED

LOAD ANY POINT BETWEEN S UP PORTS
Equ ivalent Tabular Load --,-
,-
8hb
R, _V.( mu. whena < b) --,",.

R. _ V.( max. when a :> b) --,-
Mmu. ( at point of load ) -,'"
M. ( )
when x < .. .
", ;"l~~~:E~
,
( a .- ,
a (a + 2 b)
3
L L) ..
",,,en a > ..
.. -,-
Fa b (a + 2b) .Jb (a + 2b)
27E I I
F."b"
'. ( at point of load ) .. 3EiT""
(whe" " < a) . .. :E~'I

,."
(I I - bl_ x
FI ( I -x )
( >a
whe n") .. 6El1 (2 /x- x"- ," )
Moment
.. FlIb"!..." + a)
'" SEl l
AME;R ICAN INSTITUTE O F STEEL CO ... STRUCT I ON

360

Equivalent Tabuln L.... d i. the uniformly dl.t.lbuted load ginn In H,. beam u,bln, pag" In tD 207
For munlng 01 .~mboll H<I I>age 7.
Z9. CONT INUOUS BEAM- TWO EOUAL SPANS UNIFORM LOAD
r -1.,
ON ONE SPAN
..
- " -,
- ," -,
7

H . .. V,
I I
" ~
, "
~--- ,
" ", _II. +V. . - , -,.,
V, -
f.~ "
- "" .,
I,
V.
' ' '01' v.
[ * 1~~ Mmu. (.tx .. 7 ,) - 49 /1
!AilII iI\ .~. 5'i"2 '"
. -~
~ I Momon. ., "
eat ""pport R.)
(when~< I) .
- ".
-"
'
k. (71
I'
.,J
30. CONTINUOUS BEAM TWO EQ UA L SPANS- CONCENTRATED

LOAD AT CENTER OF ONE SPAN
!- ~ f ~ -'j
Equivallnt T .. buln L.... d - " ,
R,"
,
J: R2 AR, H, .. V,
- "" ,
- ",
-
.,~
R. _ II. + II,
f -' V
r R. .. V.
- "" ,,
3
IIIIII
ShUt
V,
V, - ""
,~
.T
M Mm , (at poin t 0 1 load) .
- ." "
I" MOm....
M. eat ."!>port HI) - "" 3
31. CONT INUOUS BEAM- TWO EQUAL SPANS CONCENTRATED
, LOAD AT ANY POINT
r ,~ "1 R . .. V.
- '"" (21'(41'-' (/+a
'. ---, j"
,- '. - '""
".
R. _V. + V. +b(I+:a .)
V't;
V, S""~,
Il v
IT '
R . .. V. - 4 /" {/+ a l
V, . - :,~ (4/' H (l+a )
Mmu.( It point of load) . - ~~~ ( 41~a (/Hl )

Ai1Il11 11\ .L M, (at tupport R.)
- ".
4/1 (I+ a )
Jt~ II) MOment
A M ERICAN IN $TI TUT " OF" STEEL CONSTRUCTION

361

FO R VA RIOUS CONCENTRATED MOVING LOADS
The valu ... giv~n in th . ... fo,mul ao do not Include Impact whIch vaclu according 10 th" ~quir.. m .. nu
of each case.
For meaning of s ymboll Ie .. page 7.
32. SIMPLE BEAM- ONE CONCENTRATED MOVING LOAD
r"->i0.' -,
R'L,--JR
R. rna .. .. V, rna>. ( at . .. 0 ).
, M mu. ( at point of load. when x .. ;) -,"

.
33. SIMPLE BEAM- TWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED MOVING

LOADS
R, mn . .. V, max. ( at x .. <) ) _ 2;( 1_ ~)
t-o!<-~
_ F0 _ F 11;:'' "' d , -3t "l, - ~" -I .. :1 (I-if
. .. ~ ( /- ~)
R' ~,~R~
underload 1
Mm a . - -
~ith -,"
-;'h"" a > (2 - ./2) 1- .!>86 1
one load at center 01 I ,,:oj
(cu.. 32)
34. S IMPLE BEAM - T WO UNEQUAL CONC ENTRATE D MOVING

LOADS
F, ~ F2
R. mn . .. V, mn. ( at . .. 0 ) .
- F.
,-.
+ FI - -,-
1',~'1" {I
underF,.at. _ 2
'( ''') 1- (F.,,, +FI) '/'
I- F. + F
R'L,--JR' Mm ~ max. may Occur with largej

load atcenterof.pan and olhe.
load off Ipan (cue 32)
--.-
G ENERAL RULES FOR S IMPLE BEAMS CA RRYIN G MOVING
CONCENTR ATED LOA DS
Tile muim ... m I llear d ... e to moving concentr~ted load.
,,:.-<1 occ ... " at one s ... pport wilen one of tile load. i. at th~t . ... pport.
R, F,
r--'~
+
.I~ D,
' R, With s everal moving 10adl. the location that will prod ... ce maxl_
m ... m Illear mUll be determined by trial.
The maxim ... m bending moment produced by moving con-
centrated loada o<:c ... " ... nder one of the loads when that load
~
I. as far from one . ... pport ... tile center of gravity 01 all the
1--, moving load. on the bum il from the other ""'pport.
~ In the accompanying diagram, the maxim ... m bending

AI 1111111 rh.
MD mon'
moment occ ... " ... nder load F, when x _ b. It sho ... ld allo be
noted that this condition occ ... " wilen til, center line of the
Ipan il midway between the center of gravity of load. and the
nea'lft eoncontratod loa\l.
A MERICAN IN STITUTE Of' STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

362
CONTINUOUS BEAM D I AGRAMS

EQUAL SPANS. SIMILARLY I..OADEO. CONSTANT MOMENT OF INERTIA
SUPPORTS AT SAME LEVEL
For meaning 01 sym bol. H8 page 7.
U N I FOR MLY D1STRIBU TED LOAD

Reaetion and shear coeffleienu of "',
'" .. Load per unit length
2 SPANS 4 S PANS
.
I I
, ~.-
- f ~I-----'
T
I
Itt,. ShU.
I"IJ,
II
-'-
~ ~ Moment
.
m
I
3 SPA NS 6 SPANS
.. ... .. ".. ...

f- I"-f-
i1i
10
'i
~
;0
'
;a
I"
I
"
ii
.. .
"
,
I
-f..
ii
I
"-
- I I -I
... ..
$h .. ~'
.
-' II
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF S T II':EL CONSTRUCTION

363
CONTINUOUS BEAM DIAGRAMS

E:QUAL. SPA NS. SIMILARLY LOADED. CONSTANT MOMENT OF INERTI A
S UPPORTS AT SAME LEVEL
For meaning of s ymbol. see page 7.
CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTERS

Moment coefficients of F I
3 SPANS
, 2: SPANS , , , ,
t
j
.!. ,
~
"" fo
" ,-- "" " "
"
" II " Shu,
L
" ,
II to
II
" "

"

"I Mome nt
..
-'-
"
..
.
CONCENTRATED LOAD AT THIRD POINTS

R eaction and shur coeffici ents of F Mo m ent coefficient. of F I
, 2:, SPANS, , , , , ,
3 SPANS
, ,
t I .., u ." I"" , f-.."
-, ,

I r
" , ,
rIT- if- , Shea, r
II "
ri+
'I ffii" -'-"
r
I f'f- -'-WJJ -:d- Pit
I
Ii , ,,

"
"
..
"
"
"
~ ~, -'-
~
II
"! J7 '!:l' VII ..
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION
364
.0 1
.49
,., ..... "".. '11:::;' ..

"'" , ....,"'" ..-."'"
,,
0_
No. _ D,_
""
...
.01 .0001
.0004
.000001
.000008
0.1000
0.1414
0.2154
0.2714
'.00000
......
2.30103
. 031<42
.06283
.09425
.000079
.000314
.000707
...., .""""'"
.03 .0009 ......7 0 . 1732 0.3107 2.4n12
.04 . 0016 0.2000 0 .30420 . 12566 .001257
.000125 0,2236 0.3684 2. 69897 .15708 .001964
.0'
06 .0036 .000216 0 .2449 0.3915 2.77815 16666.667 . 18850 .002827
.07 .0049 .(00343 02646 0.4121 2 84510 14285 . 714 21991 .003849
.08 .0064 .000512 0 .2828 0 .4309 '2 .90309 12500.000 .25133 .005027
.09 .0061 .ooom 0.3000 0 . 4481 . 95424 11111.111
10000.000
. 28274
. 31416
.006362
.001854
.10 .0lelO 001000 0 . 3162 0.4642 1.00000
.11 . 0121 . 001331 0 .3311 0.4791 1.04139 9090.909 .34558 .009503

.12 .0144 .oolne 0. 346<1 0.4932 1.07918 8333.333 .37699 .011310
0._ .40&41 .013273
....,
.13 .0169 .002197 0._ 1 . 11394
7692.
308
1
.14 ,0196 ,002744 0.3742 0.5192 1.14613 7142.857 . 43982 .015394
.15 .003375 0.3873 0.5313 1.17609 6666.667 , 47124 .017672
.16 .0256 .004096 0._ 0.5429 "20412 6250. ()()() .50265 .020106
.17 .0289 .004913 0.4123 0.55040 '.23045 5882.353 .0J4()7 .022698
.18 .032' .005832 0.42043 0.56<6 , . 25527 5555.556 .565<, .0'25447
.028353
.-
.19 .0361 .006859 0."" 0.~749 l.27875 5263.158 .59690
.006000 0.4472 0.SB<8 l.30103 5000.000 .62832 .031416
.20 .0400
......
.21
.23
.04<1
.0529
.0576
.009261
.010648
.012167
.013824
0.4583
0.4690
0.4796
0.4899
0._
0.6037
0 . 6127
0.6214
1.32222
l.34242
L36173
1.38021
4761 .905
4545 .455
4347.826
4166.667
.65973
.6911~
.72257
.75398
.00<636
.038013
.041548
.045239
.25 .0625 .015625 0.5000 0.6300 1.39794 <000.000 .785<0 .049087
.26 .0676 .017576 0.5099 0.6383 1.41497 3846.154 .81681 .053093

.om .8<823 .057256
...., ....,..
.27 .019683 0.5196 0."" 1.43136 3703.704
.28 .0784 .0'21952 0 .5292 0 .6542 1.44716 3571.429 .87965 061575
.29 0 .5385 0 .6619 '.46240 3448.276 .91106 .066052
.30 .0900 ...7000 0 .5477 0 .6694 1.47712 3333.333 .94248 .070686
.0961 .029791 0.5568 0.6768 1.49136 3225.807 .97389 .075477

.31 3125.000 1.00531 .080425
.32 .10'24 0.5657 0 ..... 1.50515
.33 .1089 0.5745 0.6910 1.51851 3030.303 1.03673 .085530
.J< .1156 0.5831 0.6980 1.53148 2941 . 177 1.06814 .090792
.1225 0.5916 0.7047 f .54407 2857.143 1.09956 .096211
.35
.36 .1296 .0<6556 0.6000 0.7114 1.55630 2777.778 1.13097 .101788
.37 .1369 .050653 0.G083 0.7179 1.56820 2702.703 1.16239 .107521
.1_ .054872 0.6164 0.7243 l.57978 2631.579 1. 19381 . 113411
.38 . 119<159
.39 . 1521 .059319 0.6245 0.7306 l. 59106 2564.103 1. '22522
0.6325 0.73GB 1.60206 2500.000 1.2566 .125664
.W .1600 .06'1000
.41 .1681 .068921 0.6403 0.7429 , .61278 2439.024 1.2881 . 132025

1.62325 2380.952 1.3195 . 1385<4
...
.42 .1764 .074088 0.6481 0.7489
.1849 .079507 0.6557 0.7548 1.63347 2325. 581 1. 3509 .1 45220
.43 nn.n7 1. 3823 .152053
.1936 .085184 0.6633 0.7606 1.64345
.091125 0.6708 0.7663 1. 65321 2222.222 1.4137 .159043
. 4' .202'
0.7719 1.66276 2173.913 1.4451 .166190
......
.'6 .2116 .097336 0.6782
. 47 .2m .103823 0.6B56 0.7775 1. 67210 2127 .660 1.4765 .173494
.2304 . 110592 0 .6928 0.7830 1.68124 2083.333 1 5080 .180956
.2<01 .117649 0.7000 0.7884 , .69020 2040.816 1.539< . 188574
AMER1C"'N IN 9T 1TUTI: 0'- STEEL CONSTRUCTION

365
.50
.99
Co,"
-,,,"
,.., I No. _ Diamat.,.
!!Q.....
I Co," ~ X
"'" I
ReciproW 0- ku
.50 .2500 .125000 0 . 7071 0.7937 f .69897 2000.000 1.5708 .19635

.51 .2601 .132651 0 . 7141 0.7990 t.70757 1960 . 784 1.6022 .20428
.52 .2704 .140608 0 . 7211 0.8041 1.71600 1923 . 077 1.6336 .21237
.53 .2809 .148877 0 . 7280 0.8093 l.72428 1886.793 1.6650 .2206'
.54 .2916 .151464 0.7348 0.81 43 1.73239 1851.852 1.6965 .22902
.55 .302' .166375 0.7416 0.8193 T.74036 1818.182 1.7279 .23758
.56 .3136 .175616 0.7483 0.8243 f. 74819 1785.714 1.7593 .2_
.57 .3249 .185193 0.7550 0.8291 1.75587 1754 . 386 1.7907 .25518
.58 .3364 .195112 0.7616 0.83<0 1.76343 1724 . 138 1.8221 .26401
.59 .3481 .205379 0 . 7681 0.8387 t.n085 1694.915 1.am .27340
.-
.00 .3600 .216000 0.7746 0 .8434 L77815 1666.667 1.8850 .28274
.61 .3721 .226981 0.7810 0 .8481 T.78533 1639 .344 1.9164 .2922'
.62 .3&14 .238328 0,7874 0.8527 '.79239 1612.903 1. 9478 .30191
.63 .3969 .250047 0.7937 0.8573 T.79934 1587.302 1.9792 .31173
.64 .262144 0.8000 0.8618 1.80618 1562.500 2.0106 .32170
.65 .4225 .274625 0 . 8062 0.8662 1.81291 1538. 462 2.0420 .33183
.66 .4356 .287496 0 . 8124 0.8707 1. 81954 1515.152 2.0735 .34212
.67 .4489 .300763 0 . 8185 0.8750 1. 82607 1492. 537 2.1049 .35257
.68 .4624 .314432 0 . 8246 0.8794 1.83251 1470.588 2.1363 .36317
.6' . 4761 .328509 0 .8307 0.8837 1.83885 1449.275 2.1677 .37393
.70 .4900 .343000 08367 0.8879 1.84510 1428.571 2.1991 .38485
.71 .504 1 .357911 0.8426 0.8921 1.85126 1408.451 2.2305 .39592
.72 .5184 .373248 0.8485 0 .8963 1.85733 1388.889 2.2620 .40715
.73 .5329 .389017 0.8544 0.9004 l.1l6332 1369.863 2.2934 .41854
.74 . 5476 .405224 0.8602 0.9045 1.86923 1351 .351 2.3248 .43008
.7S
.76
. 77
.78
.7'
...
.5625
.,.G084
.5776
.624 1
.421875
.438976
.456533
.474552
.493039
0.8660
0 .8718
0.8775
0.8832
0.""
0 .9086
0.9126
0.9166
0.9205
0.9244
f .87506
1.88081
1.88649
1.89'209
1.89763
1333.333
1315.790
1298 .701
1282.051
1265.823
2.3562
2.3876
2.4190
2.4504
2.4819
.44179
. 45365
.46566
.47784
.49017
.8() .6400 .512000 0.8944 0.9283 l. 90309 1250.000 2.5133 .00256
.81 .6561 .531441 0._ 0.9322 1.90849 1234 .568 2.5447 .51530
.82 .6n4 .551368 0._ 0 .9360 1. 91381 1219.512 2.5761 .52810
.83 .6889 .571787 0.9110 0.9398 1. 91908 1204.819 2.6075 .54106
.M .7056 .592704 0.9165 0.9435 1.92428 1190.476 2. 6389 .55418
.65 .722' .614125 0.9220 0.9473 1 .92942 1176. 471 2.6704 .56745
.86 .7396 .636056 0 .9274 0.9510 1.93450 1162.791 2.7018 .58088
.87 .7569 .658503 0.9327 0.9546 1.93952 1149.425 2.7332 .59447
.88 .7744 .6814n 0 . 9381 0.9583 1.94448 1136.364 2.7646 .60821
.89 .7921 .704969 0 .9434 0.9619 1.94939 1123.596 2.7960 .62211
.90 .8100 .729000 0.9487 0.9655 1.95424 1111 . 111 2.8274 .63617
.91
. 92
.93
......
.8281
.8649
.753571
.778688
.804357
0 .9539
0 . 9592
0._
0 .9691
0.9726
0 .9761
1.95904
1.96379
1.96848
1098.901
1086. 957
1075.269
2. M89
2.8903
2. 9217
.65039
.66476
.67929
.94 .8836 .830584 0 .9695 0.9796 1. 97313 1063 .830 2.9531 .69398
.95 .902' .857375 0 .9747 0.9830 f.9m2 1052.632 2.9845 .70882
.96 .9216 .884736 0.9798 0 .9865 1.98227 1041 .667 3.0159 .n382
.97 .9409 .912673 0.9849 0.9899 1.98677 1030.928 3.0473 .73898
.98 .9604 .941192 0.9899 0.9933 1.99123 1020 . 408 3.0788 .75430
.99 .9801 .970299 0 .9950 0.9967 f .99564 1010.101 3.1102 . 76977
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CO N STRUCTION
366
1
49 FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
No.
--
I
2
---
-. ,
1
c...
1
8
':\:::','
1.0000
'.4'42
...
c...
1.0000
1.2599
Logar,thm
0 .00000
0 .30103
u."
X
Allc>proo;:ll
1000. 000
500 .000
I
No _ """"'"
c.,tum.
3.'<42
6 .283
I "N
0 . 7854
,
3
16 27
54
1.7321
2.0000
1.4422
1.5874
O.4n12
0.60206
333.333
250.000
9.-425
12 .566
3.'4'6
7._
12 .5664
...
5 25 125 2.2361 I. 7100 0 .69897 200 .000 15 .708 19.6350
6 36 216 2. 4495 1 .8171 o.nSls 166 .661 18.850 28.2743
7 343 2 . 6458 1.9129 0.84510 142 . 857 21.991 38. 4845
8 512 2.8264 2 .0000 0 .90309 125.000 25 . 133 50.2650

10
81
100
729
1000
3 .0000
3.1623
2.0801
2.1M4
0 .95424
1.00000
111.111
100.000
28.274
31.416
63.6173
78.5398
11 121 1331 3.3166 2 . 2240 1 . 041 39 90.9091 34 .558 95.0332
12
13
14'
16.
1728
2197
3.4641
3.6006
2.2894
2.3513
1.07918
1.11394
83.3333
76.9231
37.699
40 .841
113.097
132.732
"
15
196
225
2744
3375
3.7417
3.8730
2.4101
2 . 4002
1.14613
1.17609
71.4286
66.6667
43 .982
47 . 124
153.938
176. 715
16 256 4096 0000 2 .5198 1 . 20412 62.5000 so. 265 201.062
17 289 4913 " 1231 2.5713 1.23045 58.8235 53.407 226.980
18 324 5832 " 2426 2.6207 1.25527 55.5556 56. 549 254 . 469
68,. , 3589
.... ,
I. 361 2._ 1 .27875 52.6316 59.600 283.529
20 400 8000 4 . 4721 2.7144 1 .30103 so.0000 62.832 314.159
21 9261 ' .5826 2 . 7589 1.32222 47 .6190 65. 973 346.361
22
23 529
10648
12167
46"'"
' .7958
2.8020
2.&t39
1.34~2
1.36'73
45 . 4545
43. 4783
69.115
n 257
380 . 133
4'5 .476
24 576 1382' 4.8990 2.8&45 1.38021 41.6667 75 . 398 452 .389
25 625 15625 5.0000 2.9240 1.39794 40.0000 78.540 490 .874
26 676 17576 50990 2.9625 1.41497 38.4615 81 . 681 530.929
27 729 19683 5.1962 3 .0000 1.43136 37 .0370 84 .823 572.555
28 784 21952 5.2915 3.0366 1. 44716 35.7'43 87 .... 615.752
29 841 24389 5.3852 3.0723 1.46240 34.4828 91. H16 660.520
30 900 27000 5.4n2 3.1072 l.4nl2 33.3333 94.248 706.858
31 961 29791 5.5678 3. 1414 1.49136 32 . 2581 97.389 754 .768
32 1024 32768 5.6569 3. 1748 1.50615 3'.2500 100.531 804 . 248
33 106. 35937 5.7446 3.2075 1.5185' 30.3030 103 .673 855.299
34 11 56 39304 5.8310 3.2396 1.531 48 29.4118 106.81 4 907.920
35 1225 42875 5.9161 3.2711 1.54407 28.5714. 109.956 962.113
36 1296 '6656 6 .0000 3.3019 1.55630 27.m8 113 .097 1017 88
37 1369 50653 6.0828 3.3322 1.56820 27 .0270 116.239 1075.21
38 1_ 548n 6 . 1644 3.3620 1.57978 26.3'58 119 .381 1134 11
3. 1521 593 19 6.2450 3.3912 1.59106 25. 6410 122. 522 11 94.59
40 1600 64000 6.3246 3.4200 1.60206 25.0000 125 .66 1256 .64
41 1681 68921 6.4031 3 . 4482
..
1.6'278 24 . 3902 128 .81 1320 .25
42 1784 7_ 6.4807 3 .4760 1.62325 23.8095 131.95 1385.44
43 184. 79S07 6.5574 3 . 5034 1.63347 23.2558 135.09 1452. 20
...
1936 85184 6.6332 3.5303 1.6434' 22 .7273 138 . 23 1520 .53
45 2025 91125 G.7082 3.5569 1.S532' 22.2222 141.37 1590 . 43
2116 .7336 6.7823 3.5830 1.66276 21 . 7391 144 . 51 1661.90
47 2209 103823 6.8557 3 6088 1.67210 21 . 2766 147.65 1734 94
2304 110592 6.9282 3 6342 1.68124 20.8333 150 .80 1809 . 56
2401 117649 70000 3.6593 1.69020 20._
I
153. 94 1885 .74
A MERICAN I NST I TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI O N

367
50
99
N.
-
50
51
-.
---
2500
2601
,
Co"
125000
132651
~t'
7.0711
7.1414
.
""""'"
3.6840
3.7084
Logar,thm
1.69897
1.70757
""" I
X
RecijltllC;J.l
20.0000
19.6078
No. _ DlamtI\e1'
Ci,o;um.
157 .08
160.22
"N
1963.50
2042.82
52 2704 140608 7.2111 3.7325 1.71600 19.2308 163.36 2123.72
53 21lO9 14ssn 7.2801 3.7563 1. 72428 18.8679 166 .50 2206.18
54 2916 157464 7.3485 l.n98 1.73239 18.5185 169.65 2290.22
.,
56
3025
3136
166375
175616
7.4 162
7.4833
3.8030
3.8259
1.74036
1.74819
18.1 818
17.8571
172.79
175 . 93
2375.83
2463.01
57 32'9 185193 7.5498 3.8485 1.75587 17.5439 179 . 07 '2551 .76
58 3364 195112 7.6158 3.8709 1,76343 17.2414 182.21 2642.08
59 3481 205379 7 .6811 3.8930 l.n085 16.9492 185.35 2733.97
60 3600 216000 7.7460 3.9149 I .nSIS 16 .6667 188.50 2827.43
-
61 3721 226981 7.8102 3.9365 1.78533 16.3934 191.64 2922.47
62 3844 238328 7.8740 3.9579 1.79239 16.1290 194 .78 3019. 07
63 3969 250047 7.9373 3.9791 1.79934 15.8730 197.92 3117.25
64 262144 8.0000 ' .0000 1.80618 15 .6250 201.06 3216.99
65 4225 274625 8.0623 4 .0207 1 .81291 15.3846 204.20 3318.31
66 '356 287496 8 . 1240 4 .0412 1.81954 15.1515 207.35 3421.19
67 4489 300763 8 . 1854 4 .0615 1.82607 14.9254- 210.49 3525.65
68 4624 314432 8 . 2462 4.0817 1.83251 14.7059 213.63 3631.68
69 4761 328509 8.3066 4.1016 1.83885 14 .4928 216.77 3739.28
70 .000 343000 8.3666 4.1213 1 .8451 0 14.2357 219.91 3848.45

71 5041 357911 8.4261 4 . 1408 1.85126 14 .0845 223.05 3959.19
72 5184 373248 8.4853 4.1602 1.85733 13.8889 226.19 4071.50
73 5329 389017 8.5440 4.1793 1 .86332 13.6986 229.34 4185.39
74 5476 4<l5224 8.6023 4.1983 1.86923 13.5135 232.48 4300.84
75 5625 421875 8.6603 4 .2172 1.87506 13.3333 235.62 4417 .86
76 5n6 438976 8.7178 4 .2358 1.88081 13.1579 238.76 4536.46
n 5929 456533 8 . n50 4.2543 1 .88649 12.9870 241.90 4656.63
78 6064 474552 8.8318 4 .2727 1.89209 12 .8205 245.04 4n8.36
79 6241 ' 93039 8.8882 4.2908 1.89763 12.6582 248.19 4901.67
80 6400 5121lOO 8 . 9443 4.3089 1 .90309 12.5000 251. 33 6026.55

.,
81
83 ....
6561
672.
531441
551368
571787
9.0000
9.0554
9.1104
4 .3267
4 .3445
4 .3621
1 .90849
1 .91381
1.91908
12.3457
12 . 1951
12.0482
254.47
257.61
200.75
5153.00
5281.02
5410.61
84 7056 592704 9.1652 4.3795 1.92428 11.9048 263.89 5541.77
85 7225 614125 9 . 2195 4 .3968 1 .9'2942 11.7547 267.04 5674 . 50
86 7396 636056 9.2736 4.4140 1.93450 11 .6279 270. 18 5808.80
87 7569 658503 9.3274 4.4310 1.93952 11.4943 273.32 5944.68
88 7744 681472 9.3808 4 . 4480 1 .94448 11 .3636 276.46 6082. 12
8' 7921 704969 9.4340 4.4647 1.94939 11 .2360 279.60 6221 . 14
-
90 8100 729000 9.4868 4.4814 1.95424 11 1111 282.74 6361. 73
91 .,81 753571 9.5394 4.4979 1.95904 10.9890 285.88 6503.88
..
92
93
9'
8464
8649
88J6
902'
no688
804357
830584
857375
9.5917
9.6437
9 ._
9.7468
4.5144
..
4.5307
4.5629
1.96379
1.96848
1. 97313
1.97m
10.8696
10.7527
10.6383
10.5263
289 .03
292.17
295.31
298.45
6647.61
6792 . 91
6939.78
7088.22
96 92 16 884736 9.7980 4.5789 1.98227 10.4167 301.59 7238.23
97 9409 912673 9.8489 4.5947 1.98677 10 .3093 304.73 7389.81
98 9604 941192 9 . 8995 4.6104 1.99123 10.2041 307.88 7542 .96
99 9801 97_ 9.9499 4 .6261 1.99564 10.1010 311.02 7697 . 69
A ... EAICAN INSTIT U T E 01'" STEE~ CONSTRUCTION

368
100
149
No. _ Diarnoter
I "'"
I "''''
SQuare
'0. Square
"''' "'"" "'""
Logar ithm X
Rec' Proca l Ci'C\im. ,, ~
100 10000 1000000 10.0000 4.6416 2.00000 10.0000 314.16 7853.98

101 10201 1030301 10.0499 4.6570 2.00432 '.90099 317.30 8011.85
102 10404 1061208 10.0995 4.6723 2.00860 9.80392 320.44 8171.28
103 10609 1092727 10.1489 4.6875 2.01284 9.70874 323.58 8332.29
104 10816 1124864 10.1980 4.7027 2.01703 9.61538 326.73 8494.87
106 11025 1157625 10 .2470 4.71n 2 . 02119 9.52381 329.87 8659.01

106 11236 1191016 10.2956 4.7326 2.02531 9.43396 333.01 8824.73
107 11449 1225043 10 . 3441 4.7475 2.02938 9 . 34579 336.15 8992.02
108 11664 1259712 10.3923 4.7622 2 .03342 9.25925 339.29 9160.88
109 11881 1295029 10.4403 4.n69 2.03743 9.17431 342.43 9331.32
110 12100 1331000 10.4881 4.7914 2.04139 9.09091 345.58 9503.32
111 12321 1367631 10.5357 4.8059 2 .04532 9.00901 348.72 9676.89
112 125<4 1404928 10.5830 4.8203 2.04922 8.92857 351.86 9852.03
113 12769 1442897 10.6301 4.8346 2.06308 8.84956 355.00 10028.7
1481544 ID.6nl '.8488 2.05690 B.n193 358.14 10207.0
"'
115
12996
13225 1520875 to.n38 4.8629 2.06070 8.69565 361.28 10386.9
1560896 10.7703 4.ana 2.06446 8.62069 364.42 10568.3
""
117
118
13456
1368'
13924
1601613
1643032
10.8167
10.8628
4.6910
4 .9049
2 .06819
2.07188
8.54701
8.47458
367.57
370.71
10751.3
10935.9
119 14161 1685159 10.9087 4.9187 2.07555 8.40336 373.85 11122.0
120 14400 1728000 10.9545 4 .9324 2.07918 8.33333 376.99 11309.7

121 14541 Inl56! 11. 0000 4.9461 2.08279 8.26446 -380.13 11499.0
122 14884 1815848 11.0454 4.9597 2.08636 8.19672 383.27 11689.9
123 15129 1860867 t 1.0905 4.9732 2.08991 8.13008 386.42 11882.3
12. 15376 1906624 11.1355 '.9866 2.09342 8.06452 389.56 12076.3
125 15625 1953125 11.1803 5.0000 2.09691 8.00000 392.70 12271.8
126 15876 2000376 11.2250 5,0133 2 . t0037 7.93651 395.84 12469.0
127 16129 2048383 11.2694 5.0265 2.10380 7.87402 398.98 12667.7
128 16384 2097152 11. 3137 5.0397 2.10721 7.81250 402.12 12868.0
129 16641 21 46689 11.3578 5.0528 2.11059 7.75194 405.27 13069.8
U~~
130 16900 2197(0) 11.4018 5.0658 2.1 1394 408:41 13273.2
131 17161 2248091 11.4455 5.0788 2.11727 411.55 13478.2
132 17424 2299968 11.4891 5.0916 2.12057 414.69 13684.8
133 17689 2352637 11.5326 5.1045 2 . 12385 417.83 13892.9
134 17956 2406104 11.5758 5.1172 2.12710 7.46269 420.97 14102.6
135 18225 2460375 11.6190 5.1299 2.13033 7.40741 424.12 14313.9

136 18496 2515456 11.6619 5.1426 2.13354 7.35294 427.26 14526.7
137 18769 2571353 11.7047 5.1551 2.13672 7.29927 430.40 14741 .1
138 1904. 2628072 11. 7473 5.1676 2.13988 7.24638 433.54 14957.1
139 19321 2685619 11.7893 5.1801 2 . 14301 7.19424 436.68 15174.7
140 19600 2744000 11.8322 5.1925 2.14613 7.14286 439.82 15393.8

141 19881 2803221 11.8743 5.2048 2.14922 7.09220 442.96 15614.5
142 20164 2863288 11.9164 5 . 2171 2 . 15229 7.04225 446.11 15836.8
143
144
2044'
20736
2924207
2985984
11.9583
12.0000
5.2293
5.2415
2 . 15534
2 . 15836
6.99301
6.94444
449 . 25
452 . 39
16060.6
16286.0
145 21025 3048625 12.0416 5.2536 2.16137 6 . 89655 455.53 16513.0

14" 21316 3112136 12.0830 5.2656 2.16435 6.84932 458.67 16741.5
147 21609 3176523 12.1244 5.2776 2 . 16732 6 . 80'272 461.81 16971. 7
148 21904 3241792 12 . 1655 5 . 2896 2.17026 6 . 75676 464 . 96 17203.4
149 22201 3307949 12.2066 5.3015 2.17319 6.71141 468 . 10 17436.6
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

369
150
..
199
.
,. I ..
----
~. Co..
,
'it:::" Co"
"'""
loQ.lr,ll'Im
, X
Rlc;;proQl
,
"-
". .. D_I_
"N
150 22500 3375000 12.2474 5.3133 2.17609 6.66667 471.24 17671.5
151 22801 3442951 12.2882 5.3251 2.17898 6.62252 474.38 17907.9
152 23104 3511808 12.3288 5.3368 2.18184 6.57895 4n.S2 18145.8
153 234{)9 3581sn 12.3693 5.3485 2.18469 6.53595 480.66 18385.4
10< 23716 3652264 12.-4097 5.3601 2.18752 6.49351 483.81 18626.5
155 24<)25 3723875 12.4499 5.3717 2. 19033 6. 45161 486.95 18869.2

156 24336 3796416 12.4900 5.3832 2.19312 6.41026 490.09 19113.4
157 24649 3869893 12.5300 5.3947 2.19590 6.36943 493.23 19359.3
158 24964 3944312 12.5698 5.4061 2. 19866 6.32911 496.37 19606.7
159 25281 4019679 12.6095 5. 4175 2.20140 6.28931 499.51 19855.7
100 25600 4096000 12.6491 5.4288 2.20412 6.25000 502.65 20106.2

161 25921 4173281 12.6886 5.4401 2.20683 6.21118 505.80 20358.3
162 26244 4251526 12.7279 5.4514 2.20952 6.17284 508.94 20612.0
163 26569 4330747 12 . 7671 5.4626 2.21219 6.13497 512.08 208G7.2
164 26896 4410944 12.BOO2 5.4737 2.2148 6.09756 515.22 21124. 1
165 27225 4492125 12.8452 5 ..... 2.21748 6.06061 518.36 21382.5
166 27556 4574296 12.8841 5.4959 2.22011 6.02410 521.50 21642.4
167 27889 4657463 12.9228 5.5069 2.22272 5.98802 524.65 21904.0
1GB 28224 474 1632 12.9615 5.5178 2.22531 5.95238 527.79 22167.1
169 28561 4B26809 13.0000 5.5288 2.22789 5.91716 530.93 22431.8
4913000 13.0384 5.5397 2.23045 5.88235 534.07
~
170 22698.0
171 50002tt 13.0767 5.5505 2.23300 5.84795 537.21 22965.8
In 5068448 13.1149 5.5613 2.23553 5.81395 540.35 23235.2
t73 5177717 13.1529 5.5721 2.23805 5.78035 543.50 23506.2
174 5268024 13.1909 5.5828 2.24055 5.74713 5<6.64 23778.7
175 30625 5359375 13.2288 5.5934 2.24304 5.71429 549.78 24052 .8
176 30976 5451776 13.2665 5.6041 2.24551 5.68182 552.92 24328.5
t77 31329 5545233 13.3041 5.6147 2.24797 5.64972 556.06 24605.7
178 31684 5539752 13.3417 5.6252 2.25042 5.61798 559.20 24884.6
179 32041 .5735339 13.3791 5.6357 2.25285 5.58659 562.35 25164.9
180 3'2400 5832000 13.4164 5.5462 2.25527 5.55556 565. 49 25448.9
181 32761 5929741 13.4536 5.6567 2.25768 5.52486 568.63 25730. 4
182 33124 6028568 13.4907 5.6671 2.26007 5.49451 571.77 26015. 5
183 33489 6128487 13.5277 5.6774 2.26245 5.46448 574.91 26302.2
184 33856 6229504 13.5647 5.6877 2.26482 5.43478 578.05 26590. 4
185 34225 6331625 13.6015 5.6980 2 . 26717 5 . 40541 581.19 26880.3
186 34506 6434656 13.6382 5.7083 2.26951 5 . 37634 584.34 27171.6
187 34969 6539203 13.6748 5.7135 2.27184 5.34759 587.48 27464.6
188 35344 6644672 13.7113 5.7287 2.27416 5 . 31915 590.62 27759 .1
189 35721 6751269 13.7477 5.7388 2.27646 5.29101 593.76 28055.2
190 36100 6859000 13 .7840 5.7489 2. 27875 5.26316 596.90 28352.9

191 36481 6967871 13. 8203 5.7590 2.2al03 5 . 23560 600.04 28652.1
192 36864 ]On888 13 .8564 5.7690 2.28330 5 . 20833 603.19 28952.9
193 37249 7189057 13.8924 5.7790 2.28556 5.18135 606.33 29255.3
194 37636 7301384 13.9284 5.7890 2.28780 5.15464 609.47 29559.2
195 38025 7414875 13.9642 6.7989 2.29003 5.12821 612.61 29664.8
196 38416 7529536 14 .0000 5.8088 2.29226 5.10'204 615.75 30171.9
197 38809 7645373 14.0357 5.8186 2.29447 5.07614 618.89 304llO.5
188 39204 7762392 14.0712 5.8285 2 . 29667 5.05051 622.04 30790.7
199 39001 7880599 14 .1067 5.8383 2.29885 5.02513 625.18 31102. 6
A M E R ICAN IN S T I TUTE 01" STEEL. CONSTR U CT I O N
370
200
..
249
........
No
--
I ,,-, c... ..., .
; c...
lOOV,thrn
,
--' X
.
C'rGUm.
-
Nil. _ 0iMne1er
--
200 '0000 800000O 14.1421 5.8480 2.30103 '.00000 628.32 31415.9
201 40401 8120601 14.ln4 5.8578 2.30320 4.97512 631.46 31730.9
202 40804 8242408 14.2127 5.8675 2.30535 4.95050 634.60 32047.4
203
204
41209
41616
8365427
8489664
14.2478
14.2829
.
s.anl
......
2.30750
2.30963
4.92611
4.90196
637.74
640."
32365.5
32685.1
205
206
207
208
'202'
'2436
'284'
'3264
8615125
8741816
8869743
8998912
14.3178
14.3527
14.3875
14.4222
.
5.9155
5.9250
2.31175
2.31387
2.31597
2.31806
4.87805
4.85437
'.83092
4.80769
"'.03
647.17
650.31
653.45
33006.4
33329.2
33653.'
33979.5
209 '3681 9129329 14.4568 5.9345 2.32015 4.78469 "'.59 34307.0
210 44100 9261000 14.4914 5.9439 2.322'22 4.76190 659.73 34636.1

211 44521 9393931 14.5258 5.9533 2.32428 4.73934 662.88 34966.7
212
213 '45369
49" 9528128
!l663597
14.5602
14 .5945
5.9627
5.9721
2.32634
2.32838
4.71698
4.69484
666.02
669.16
35298.9
35632.7
21. 45796 9800344 14.6287 5.9814 2.33041 4.67290 672.30 35968. 1
215 46225 9938375 14.6629 5.9907 2.33244 4.65116 675.44 36305.0
216 4665G l00n696 14.6969 6.0000 2.33445 4.62963 678.58 36643.5
217
218
'7089
47524
10218313 14 .7309
14.7648
6.0092
6.0185
2.33646
2.33846
'.60829
4.58716
681.73 36983.6
37325.3
'0360232 "'.87
219 47961 10503459 14.7986 6.02n 2.34044 4.56621 688.01 37668.5
220
22'
222
223
.....
48400
'!1284
49729
10648000
10793861
10941048
11 089567
14.8324
14.8661
14.8997
14.9332
6.0368
6.0459
6.0550
6.0641
2.34242
2.34439
2.34635
2.34830
4.54545
4.52489
4 .50450
4.48430
691.15
"'.29
697.43
700.58
38013.3
38359.6
38707.6
39057. I
224 50176 11239424 14.9666 6.0732 2.35025 4 .46429 703.72 39408.1
22' 50625 11390625 15. 0000 6.0822 2.35218 '.44444 706.86 39760.8
226 51076 11 543176 15.0333 6.0912 2.3541 1 4.42478 710.00 40115.0
227 51529 11 697083 15.0665 6.1002 2.35603 4 . 40529 713.14 40470,8
228 51984 11852352 15.0997 6. 1091 2.35793 4.38596 715.28 40828.1
229 52441 12008989 15.1327 6. 11 80 2.35984 4.36681 719.42 411 87 . 1
230 52900 12167000 15.1658 6.1269 2.36173 4.34783 722 .57 41547.6
231 53361 ' 2326391 15.1987 6.1358 2.36361 4.32900 n5.71 41909.6
232 5382. 12487168 15.2315 6.1446 2.36549 4.31034 728." 42273.3
233 54289 12649337 15.2643 6.1534 2.36736 4.29185 731.99 42538. 5
234 54756 12812904 15.2971 6.1622 2.36922 ' .27350 735. 13 43005.3
235 5522. 129n875 15.3297 6 .1710 2.37107 4.25532 738.27 43373.6

236 55696 13144256 15. 3623 6. 1797 2 . 37291 4 .23729 741 . 42 43743.5
237 56169 13312053 15 .3948 6.1885 2.37475 4 .2194 1 744.56 44115.0
238 5664' 13481 2n 15.4272 6.19n 2.37658 4.20168 747.70 44488 . 1
23. 57121 13651919 15.4596 6.2058 2.37840 4 . 184 10 750.84 44862. 7
240 '7GOO 13824000 15.4919 6.2145 2.38021 4 .15667 753.98 45238. 9

241 58081 13997521 15.5242 6.2231 2.38202 4 .1 4938 757.12 4561 6. 7
242 58564 14172488 15.5563 6.2317 2.38382 4 . 13223 760.27 45996. 1
243
244
5904'
59536
14348907
14526784
15.5885
15.6205
6.2403
6._
2.38561
2.38739
4 .1 1523
'.09836
763.41
766.55
46377 .0
46759.5
24. 6002. 14706125 15. 6525 6.2573 2.38917 4 .08163 769.69 47143.5
246 605'6 14886936 15.6844 6.2658 2.39094 ' .06504 772.83 47529.2
247 6'009 15069223 15.7162 6.2743 2 . 39270 '4.03226
.04858 n5.97 47916.4
248 61504 . 5252992 15.7480 6.2B2B 2.39445 n9. 12 48305 . 1
249 62001 15438249 15.7797 6.2912 2.39620 4 .01606 782.26 48695.5
A M E R ICA N I NSTIT U TE OF S T EEL C O N S T RUCT I O N

371
250
299
No. Sq,,~ro
$Quare
""~ l.og.1rithm
,,., No. _ Diameter
""~ Root Roo, X

Reciprocal Circum. ,,~
~-
2SO 62500 15625000 15.B114 6.2996 2.39794 4.00000 785.40 49087.4

251 6300t 15813251 15.8430 6.3080 2.39967 3.98406 788.54 49480.9
252 63504 16003008 15.8745 6.3164 2.40140 3.96825 791.68 49875.9
253 64009 161942n 15.9060 6.3247 2.40312 3.95257 794.82 50272.6
2,. 64516 16387064 15.9374 6.3330 2.4<l483 3.93701 797.96 50670.7
255 65025 16581375 15.9687 6.3413 2.40054 3.92157 801. 11 51070.5

256 65536 16m216 16.0000 6.3496 2.40824 3.90625 804.25 51471.9
257 66049 16974593 16.0312 6.3579 2.40993 3.89105 807.39 51874.8
2,. 66564 17173512 16.0624 6.3661 2.41162 3.87597 810.53 52279.2
2,. 67081 17373979 16.0935 6.3743 2.41330 3.86HlO 813.67 52685.3
260 67600 17576000 16.1245 6.3825 2.41497 3.84615 816.81 53092.9
2" 68121 17n9581 16.1555 6.3907 2.41664 3.83142 819.96 53502.1
262 68644 17984728 16.1864 6.3988 2.41830 3.81679 823.10 53912.9
263 69169 18191447 16.2173 6.4070 2.41996 3.80228 826.24 54325.2
264 69696 18399744 16.2481 6.4151 2.42160 3.78788 829.38 54739. t
265 70225 18609625 16.2788 6.4232 2.42325 3.n358 832.52 55154.6

266 70756 18821096 16.3095 6.4312 2.42488 3.75940 835.66 55571.6
267 71289 19034163 16.3401 6.4393 2.42651 3.74532 838.81 55900.2
268 71824 19248832 16.3707 6.4473 2.42813 3.73134 841.95 56410.4
269 72361 19465109 16.4012 6.4553 2.42975 3.71747 845.09 56832.2
270 72900 19683000 16.4317 6.4633 2.43136 3.70370 848.23 57255.5

271 73441 19902511 16.4621 6.4713 2.43297 3.69004 851.37 57680.4
272 73984 20123648 16.4924 6.4792 2.43457 3.67647 854.51 58106.9
273 74529 20346417 16.5227 6.4872 2.43616 3.66300 857.65 58534.9
274 75076 20570824 16.5529 6.4951 2. 43n5 3.64964 860.80 58964.6
275 75625 20796875 16.5831 6.5030 2.43933 3.63636 863.94 59395.7

276 76176 21024576 16.6132 6.5108 2.44091 3.62319 867.08 59828.5
277 76729 21253933 16.6433 6.5187 2.44248 3.61011 870.22 60262.8
278 n284 21484952 16.6733 6.5265 2.44404 3.59712 873.36 60698.7
279 n841 21717639 16.7033 6.5343 2.44~ 3.58423 876.50 61136.2
280 76400 21952000 16.7332 6.5421 2.44716 3.57143 879.65 61575.2

2" 78961 22188041 16.7631 6.5499 2.44871 3.55872 882.79 62015.8
282 79524 22425768 16.7929 6.55n 2.45025 3.54610 885.93 62458.0
283 80089 22665187 16.8226 6.5654 2.45179 3.53357 889.07 62901.8
284 80656 22906304 16.8523 6.5731 2. 45332 3.52113 892.21 63347.1
285 81225 23149125 16.8819 6.5808 2.45484 3.508n 895.35 63794.0

286 81796 23393656 16.9115 6.5885 2.45637 3.49650 898.50 64242.4
287 82369 23639903 16.9411 6.5962 2.45788 3.48432 901.64 64692.5
288 82944 23887872 16.9706 6.6039 2.45939 3. 47222 904.78 65144.1
289 83521 24137569 17.0000 6.6115 2.46090 3.46021 907.92 65597.2
290 84100 24389000 17.0294 6.6191 2.46240 3.44828 911.06 66052.0

29t 8408t 24642171 17.0587 6.6267 2.46389 3.43643 914.20 66508.3
292 85264 24897088 17.0880 6.6343 2.46538 3.42466 917.35 66966.2
293 85649 25153757 17.1172 6.6419 2.46687 3. 4 1297 920.49 67425.6
294 86436 25412184 17.1464 6.6494 2.4<835 3.40136 923.63 67886.7
295 87025 25672375 17.1756 6.6569 2.46982 3.38983 926.n 68349.3

296 87616 25934336 17.2047 6.6544 2.47129 3.37838 929.91 68813 .4
297 88209 26198073 17.2337 6.67 19 2.47276 3.36700 933.05 69279.2
298 88804 26463592 17.2627 6.6794 2.47422 3.35570 936.19 69746.5
299 89401 26730699 17.2916 6.6869 2.47567 3.34448 939.34 70215.4
AMERICAN IN ST ITUT E O F STEEL CONST RUCT I O N

372
300
349
N. . - "".. ~. """"... log:v,tIlm

...
Rod,...,
X
. No. - Diameter
Circum. hN
300 90000 27000000 17 .3205 6.6943 2.4n12 3.33333 942.48 70685. 8

301 90601 2727090\ 17.3494 6.7018 2.47857 3.32225 945.62 71157.9
302 91204 27543608 17.3781 6.7092 2.48001 3.311:26 948.76 71631.5
303 91809 27818127 17.4069 6.7166 2.48144 3.30033 951.90 72106.6
304 92416 28094464 17.4356 6.7240 2.48287 3.28947 955.04 72583. 4
305
306
9302'
93636
28372625
28652616
17.4642
17.4929
6.7313
6.7387
2.43430
2.48572
3.27869
3.26797
958.19
961.33
73061. 7
73541.5
367 94249 28934443 17.5214 6.7460 2.-48714 3.25733 964.47 74023.0
368 94... 29218112 17.5499 6.7533 2.4lI855 3.24675 967.61 74506.0
6.7606 3.23625 970.75 74990.6
309
310
""'"
96100
29563629
29791000
17.5784
17.6068 6.7679
2 ......
2.49136 3.22581 973.89 75476. 8
311 96nl 30080231 17.6352 6.7752 2.49276 3 . 21543 977.04 75964.5
312 97344 30371328 17.6635 6.7824 2.49415 3.20513 980.18 76453. 8
313
314 ''8596
796' 30664297
30959144
17.6918
17. 7200
6.7897
6.7969
2. 49554
2. 49693
3.19489
3. 1847 1
983.32
986.46
76944 . 7
77437. 1
Ilffi~
315 31255875 17.7482 6.8041 2.49831 3.17460 989.60 77931. 1
316 31554496 17.n64 6.811 3 2. 49969 3.16456 992. 74 78426. 7
317 31855013 17.8045 6.8185 2.50106 3.15457 995.88 78923. 9
318 32157432 17.8326 6.8256 2.50243 3.14465 999.03 79422.6
319 32461759 17.8606 6.83'l8 2.50379 3.13480 1002.2 79922.'
320 10>400 32768000 17.8885 6.8399 2.50515 3.12500 1005.3 80424.8
321 103041 33076161 17.9165 6.&470 2.&1651 3.11526 1008.5 80928.2
322 103684 33386248 17.9444 6.8541 2.50786 3. 10559 1011.6 81 433.2
323 104329 33698267 17.9722 6.8612 2 . 50920 3.09598 1014.7 81939. 8
324 104976 34012224 18.0000 6.8683 2.51055 3.08642 1017.9 82448. 0
325 105625 34328125 18.0278 6.8753 2.51188 3.07692 1021.0 82957. 7
326 106276 34645976 18.0555 6.8824 2.51322 3.06749 1024.2 83469. 0
327 106929 34965783 18.0831 6.8894 2.51455 3.05810 1027.3 83981. S
328 107584 35287552 IS.1108 6."" 2.51587 3.04878 1030.4 84496.3
329 108241 35611289 18.1384 6.9034 2.51720 3.03951 1033.6 85012.3
336 106900 35937000 18.1659 6.9104 2.51851 3.03030 1036.7 85529.9

331 109561 36264691 18.1934 6 .9174 2.51983 3.02115 1039.9 86049.0
332 110224 38594368 I S.2209 6.9244 2.5211 4 3. 01205 1043. 0 86569.7
333 110889 36926037 I S.2483 6 .9313 2.52244 3.00360 1046.2 87092.0
334 11 1556 37259704 18.2757 6.9382 2.52375 2.9940' 1049.3 87615.9
335 112225 37595375 IS.3030 6.9451 2.52504 2.98507 1052.4 88141.3
336 112800 37933056 18.3303 6 .9521 2.52634 2.97619 1055.6 ...... 3
337 113569 38272753 18.3576 6.9589 2.52763 2.96736 1058.7 89196.9
338 114244 38614472 18.3848 6.!1658 2.52892 2.95858 1061.9 89727.0
33' 114921 38958219 18 .4120 6.9727 2.53020 2.94985 1065.0 90258.7
340 115600 39304000 18.4391 6.9795 2 .53148 2.94118 1068 . 1 90792.0
,,,
341 116281
116964
39651821
40001688
18.4662
18.4932
6.9664
6.9932
2.53275
2 .53403
2.93255
2.92398
1071 3
1074 . 4
IOn, 6
91326.9
91863.3
343 117649 <<l353607 IS. 5203 7.0000 2.53529 2.91545 92401 . 3
344 118336 40707584 18.5472 7.0068 2 .53856 2.90698 1080.7 92940.'
3<5 119025 41063625 18.5742 7.0136 2.53782 2.89855 1083 . 8 93482.0
346 119716 41421736 18.6011 7 . 0203 2.53908 2.89017 1087.0 94<124.7
3<7 120409 41781923 18.6279 7 .0271 2.54<>33 2.88184 1090 . 1 94569.0
348 121104 42144192 18.6548 7 .0338 2.54158 2.87356 1093 .3 95114.9
34' 121801 42508549 18.6815 7 .0406 2.54283 2.86533 1096.4 95662.3
A M E RI CA N IN STI TU TE Of'" S TEEL. C O N S TRU CTION
373
350
..
399
No.
--
Sq~,
"', ~:. .
"'Roo,
,
l~"thm
, X
Aec,;><oc;U
No. - D...... ~or
C"Cllm.
--
""
350 122500 42875000 18.7083 7.0473 2.54407 2.85714 1099. 6 96211.3
351 123201 43243 551 18. 7350 7 . 054<l 2.M~1 2.84900 1102.7 96761.8
352 123904 43614208 18 .7617 7.0607 2.54654 2.84091 1105 . 8 97314.0
353 124009 43986977 18.7883 7.0674 2 . 54n7 2.83286 1109 .0 97867.7
354 125316 44361864 18.8149 7 .0740 2.54900 2.82486 1112.\ 98423.0
2. 81690
~
355 126025 44738875 18 . 8414 7 .0807 2.55023 1115 . 3
356 126736 45118016 18.8680 7.0873 2.55145 2.80899 1118.4
357 127449 '5499293 18.8944 7._ 2 .55267 2.80112 11 21.5
-
358 128164 4588271 2 18 . 9209 7.1006 2.55388 2.79330 1124 . 7
359 128881 46268279 18.9473 7.lOn 2.55509 2.78552 1127.8
360 129600 18 .9737 7 .1 138 2.55630 2.7T778 1\ 31. 0 101788

361 130321 47()4588! 19.0000 7 . 1204 2.55751 2.77008 1134.1 102354
362 131044 47437928 19 . 0263 7.1 269 2.~71 2.76243 1137 . 3 102922
363 131769 47832147 19 .0526 7 . 1335 2.55991 2.75482 1140.4 103491
364 132496 48228544 19.0788 7 . 1400 2.56110 2.74725 1143.5 104062
36' 1332'25 48627125 19 . 1050 7.1466 2.56229 2.73973 1146. 7 104635

366 133956 49027896 19 . 1311 7 .1331 2.56348 2.73224 1149.8 105209
367 134689 49430863 19 .1572 7.1596 2.56467 2 . 72480 1153 . 0 105785
368 135424 '9836032 19 . 1833 7 . 1661 2.56585 2.71739 1156.1 106362
369 136161 502<3409 19 .2094 7 . 1726 2.56703 2.71003 1159.2 106941
370 136900 00653000 19.2354 7 . 1791 2 . 56820 2.70270 1162 . 4 107521

371 137641 51064811 19 . 261'1 7 . 1855 2.56937 2.69542 1165.5 108103
372 138384 51478848 19 .2873 7.1920 2.57054 2.68817 1168 . 7 108687
373 139129 51895117 19 .3132 7.1984 2.57171 2.68097 1171.8 109272
374 139876 52313624 19.3391 7._ 2 .57287 2.67380 1175.0 109858
375 140625 52734375 19 .3649 7.2112 2.57403 2.66667 1178 . 1 110447

376
In
378
379
1<_
141376
142129
143641
53157376
53582633
54010152
54439939
19.3907
19.4165
19.4422
19 . 4679
7 . 2177
7 .2240
7 . 2304
7.2368
2.57519
2.57534
2.57749
2.57864
2.65957
2.65252
2.64550
2.63852
11 3 1.2
1184 . 4
1187 . 5
1190 .7
111036
111628
112221
112815
380
381
382
383
1<_
144400
145161
146689
54872000
55306341
55742968
56181887
19 . 4936
19 . 5192
19. 5448
19. 5704
7 .2432
7 . 2495
7 .2558
7 .2622
2.57978
2.58093
2.58206
2.58320
2 .63158
2.62467
2 . 61780
2 .61097
1193 . 8
1196 . 9
1200.1
1203. 2
113411
114009
11_
115209
384 147456 56623104 19.5959 7.2685 2.58<33 2.60417 1206. 4 115812
385 148225 57'066625 19.6214 7.2748 2.""" 2.59740 1209 . 5 116416

386 148996 57512456 19. 6469 7 . 2811 2.58659 2.59067 1212. 7 117021
387 149769 57960603 19.6723 7 . 2874 2.58771 2.58398 1215 .8 117628
388 15054< 58411072 19 . 6977 7.2936 2.58883 2.57732 1218. 9 118237
389 151 321 58863869 19.7231 7 .2999 2.58995 2.57069 1222 .1 118847
390 152100 59319000 19.7484 7 .3061 2.59106 2.56410 1225.2 119459

391 152881 59776471 19.7737 7 .3124 2 .59218 2.55754 1228.4 120072
392
393 '''664
1_9
60236288
60698457
19. 7990
19.8242
7 .3186
7.3248
2 . 59329
2.59439
2.55102
2.54453
1231.5
1234.6
120687
121304
39<
'''236 61162984 19. 8494 7.3310 2. ""'" 2 . 53807 1237.8 121922
39' 15602. 61629875 19. 8746 7.3372 2.50660 2.53165 1240. 9 122542
396 156816 62099136 19.8997 7.3434 2.59770 2.52525 1244 . 1 123163
397 157609 62570773 19.9249 7 . 3496 2.59879 2.51889 1247 . 2 123786
398
399 ''''''''
159201
63044792
63521199
19.9499
19.9750
7 .3558
7.3619
2.59988
2.60097
2.51256
2.50627
1250.4
1253.5
124410
125036
AMERICAN IN S T I T UTE: OF STEE l.. C O N STR UCTI O N

374
400
..
449
s,=. ~u.r8
~
, No. _ D,ameter
No. M .
00' \ lO\l3.ilhm X
Reo: 'Procal Circum . ,,,.
--- . .
400 160000 64000000 20.0000 7.3681 2.60206 2.50000 1256.6 125664
20.0250 7.3742 2.60314 2.49377 1259.8 125293
'"
402
403
160801
161604
162409
64481201
64964808
65450827
20.0499
20.0749
7.3803
7.3864
2.60423
2.60~1
2.48756
2.48139
1262.9
1266.1
126923
127556
404 163216 65939264 20.0998 7.3925 2.60638 2.47525 1269.2 128190
405 164025 66430125 20.1246 7.3986 2.60746 2.46914 1272.3 128825

406 164836 66923416 20.1494 7.4047 2.60853 2.46305 1275.5 129462
407 165649 67419143 20.1742 7.4108 2.60959 2.45700 1278.6 13QHlQ
408 156464 67917312 20.1990 7.4169 2.61066 2.45098 1281.8 130741
409 167281 68417929 20.2237 7.4229 2,61'72 2.44499 1284.9 131382
410 168100 68921000 20.2485 7.4290 2.61278 2.43902 1288. 1 132025

411 168921 69426531 20.2731 7.4350 2.61384 2.43309 1291.2 132670
412 169744 69934528 20.2978 7.4410 2.61490 2.42718 1294 3 133317
413 170569 70444997 20.3224 7.4470 2.61595 2.42131 1297 5 133965
4 14 171396 70957944 20.3470 7.4530 2.61700 2.41546 1300 . 6 134614
415 172225 71473375 20.3715 7.4590 2.61805 2.40964 1303.8 135265

416 173056 71991296 20.3961 7.4650 2.61909 2.40385 1306 .9 135918
417 173889 72511713 20.4206 7.4710 2.62014 2.39808 1310.0 136572
418 174724 73034632 20.4450 7.4770 2.62118 2.39234 1313.2 137228
419 175561 73560059 20.4695 7.4829 2.62221 2.38663 1316.3 137885
420 176400 74088000 20.4939 7.4889 2.62325 2.38095 1319.5 138544

421 177241 74618461 20.5183 7.4948 2.62428 2.37530 1322.6 139205
422 178084 75151448 20.5426 7.5007 2.62531 2.36967 1325.8 139867
423 178929 75686967 20.5670 7.5067 2.62634 2.36407 1328 .9 140531
424 179776 76225024 20.5913 7.5126 2.62737 2.35849 1332.0 141196
425 180625 76765625 20.6155 7.5185 2.62839 2.35294 1335.2 141863

426 181476 77308776 20.6398 7.5244 2.62941 2.34742 1338.3 142531
427 182329 77854483 20.5640 7.5302 2.63043 2.34192 1341.5 143201
428 183184 78402752 20.6882 7 .5361 2.63144 2.33645 1344.6 143872
429 184041 78953589 20 . 7123 7.5420 2.63246 2.33100 1347.7 144545
430 184900 79507000 20.7364 7.5478 2.63347 2.32558 1350.9 145220

431 185761 8006299' 20.7605 7.5537 2.63448 2.32019 1354.0 145896
432 186624 80621568 20.7846 7 .5595 2.63548 2.31481 1357 .2 146574
433 187489 81182737 20.8087 7.5654 2.63649 2.30947 1360.3 147254
434 188356 81746504 20.8327 7.5712 2.63749 2.30415 1363.5 147934
435 189225 82312875 20.8567 7.5770 2.63849 2.29885 1366 .6 148617

436 190096 82881856 20.8806 7 .5828 2.63949 2.29358 1369.7 149301
437 190969 83453453 20.9045 7.5886 2.64048 2.28833 1372.9 149987
438 191844 84027672 20.9284 7.5944 2.64147 2.28311 1376.0 150674
439 192721 84604519 20.9523 7.6001 2.64246 2.27790 1379.2 151363
440 193600 85184000 20.9762 7.6059 2.64345 2.27273 1382.3 152053

441 194481 85766121 21.COOO 7.6117 2.64444 2.26757 1385.4 152745
442 195364 86350888 21.0238 7.6174 2.64542 2.26244 1388 .6 153439
443 196249 86938307 21.0476 7.6232 2.64640 2.25734 1391.7 154134
444 197136 87528384 21.0713 7.6289 2.64738 2.25225 1394.9 154830
445 198025 88121125 21.0950 7.6346 2.64836 2.24719 1398.0 155528

446 198916 88716536 21.1187 7.6403 2.64933 2.24215 1401.2 156228
447 199809 89314623 21.1424 7.6460 2.65031 2.23714 1404 . 3 156930
448 200704 89915392 21.1660 7.6517 2.65128 2.23214 1407.4 157633
449 201601 90518849 21.1896 7.6574 2.65225 2.22717 1410.6 158337
AMERICA N IN S T ITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

375
450
499
No.
--
""~
I
"'. I,
' U;tT6
00'
c.. ~
Roo' l "lP' ,\hm
, ~
X
Reciproca l "
No, .. D,ametor
C.,eum . Area
450 "'2500 91125000 21.2132 7.6631 2 . 65321 2. 22222 1413.7 159043

451 203401 91733651 21 . 2368 7._ 2 . 65418 2 . 21729 1416.9 159751
452 21)4304 92345408 21 . 2603 7.6744 2.65514 2.21239 1420.0 160460
453 205209 92959677 21.2838 7.6801 2.65610 2.20751 1423.1 161171
454 206116 93576664 21.3073 7.6857 2.65706 2.20264 1426.3 161883
455 207025 94196375 21.3307 7.6914 2.65801 2.19780 1429.4 162597

456 207936 94818816 21.3542 7.6970 2 . 6~96 2.19298 1432.6 163313
457 208849 95443993 21.3776 7.7026 2.65992 2.18818 1435.7 164030
458 209764 96071912 21 . 4009 7.7082 2.66087 2.18341 1438.8 154748
459 210681 96702579 21.4243 7.7138 2.66181 2.17865 1442.0 165468
460 211600 97336000 21.4476 7.7194 2.66276 2.17391 1445.1 156190
461 212521 97972181 21 . 4709 7.7250 2.66370 2.16920 1448.3 166914
462 213444 98611128 21 . 4942 7 . 7306 2.66464 2.16450 1451.4 167639
463 214369 99252847 21.5174 7.7362 2.66558 2 . 15983 1454.6 168365
464 215296 99897344 21. 5407 7.7418 2.66652 2.15517 1457.7 169093
465 216225 100544625 21.5639 7.7473 2.68745 2.15054 1460.8 169823

466 217156 101194696 21.5870 7.7529 2 . 66839 2.14592 1464.0 170554
467 218089 101847563 21.6102 7.7584 2.68932 2.14133 1467.1 171287
468 219024 102503232 21.6333 7.7639 2.67025 2 . 13675 1470.3 172021
469 219961 103161709 21.6564 7.7695 2.67117 2 . 13220 1473.4 172757
47. 220900 103823000 21.6795 7.7750 2.67210 2.12766 1476.5 173494

471 221841 10448711 I 21. 7025 7.7805 2.67302 2 . 12314 1479.7 174234
472 "'784 105154043 21.7256 7.7860 2.67394 2.11864 1482.8 174974
473 223729 105823817 21.7486 7.7915 2.67486 2.11416 1486.0 175716
474 224676 106496424 21. 7715 7.7970 2.67578 2.10970 1489.1 176460
475 225625 107171875 21.7945 7.8025 2.67669 2.10526 1492.3 177205

476 226576 107850176 21.8174 7.8079 2.67761 2.10084 1495.4 177952
477 227529 108531333 21.8403 7.8134 2.67852 2.09644 1498.5 178701
478 228484 109215352 21.8632 7.8188 2.67943 2.09205 1501.7 179451
479 229441 109902239 21.8861 7.8243 2.68034 2.08768 1504.8 180203
480 230400 110592000 21.9089 7.8297 2.68124 2.08333 1508.0 180956
481 231361 111284641 21.9317 7.8352 2.68215 2.07900 1511.1 181711
482 232324 111980168 21.9545 7.8406 2. 68305 2 . 07469 1514.2 182467
483 233289 112678587 21.9773 7.8460 2.68395 2.07039 1517.4 183225
484 234256 113379904 22.0000 7.8514 2.68485 2.06612 1520.5 183984
485 235225 114084125 22.0227 7. 8568 2.68574 2 . 06186 1523.7 184745

486 236196 114791256 22.0454 7.8622 2.68664 2.05761 1526.8 185508
487 237169 115501303 22.0681 7.8676 2.68753 2.05339 1530.0 186272
488 238144 116214272 22.0907 7.8730 2.68842 2 . 04918 1533.1 187038
489 239121 116930169 22.1133 7 . 8784 2.68931 2.04499 1536.2 187805
490 240100 117649000 22.1359 7.8837 2.69020 2 . 04082 1539.4 188574

491 241081 118370771 22.1585 7.8891 2.69108 2.03666 1542.5 189345
492 24_ 119095488 22 . 1811 7.8944 2.69197 2.03252 1545.7 190117
493 243049 119823157 22 . 2036 7 .8998 2.69285 2.02840 1548.8 100890
494 244036 120553784 22 . 2261 7.9051 2.69373 2 . 02429 1551.9 191665
495 245025 121287375 22.2486 7.9105 2.69461 2. 02020 1555.1 192442

496 246016 122023936 22.2711 7 . 9158 2.69548 2 . 01613 1558 . 2 193221
497 247009 122763473 22 . 2935 7.9211 2.69636 2 . 01207 1561.4 194000
498 248004 123505992 22.3159 7.9264 2.69723 2. 00803 1564.5 194782
499 249001 124251499 22.3383 7.9317 2.69810 2 . 00401 1567.7 195565
AMERICAN LNSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

37.
500
549
~I Square Co.. ~~e "".

Roo< LOIIu,thm "'"
X
R&Cip<ooal
No. _ Ou,,,.,."',
C;,eum, A,ea
5()() 250000 125000000 22.3607 7.9370 2.69897 2.00000 1570.8 196350

501 251001 125751501 22.3830 7.9423 2.69984 1.99601 1573.9 197136
502 252004 126506008 22.4054 7.9476 2.70070 1 .992<13 1577.1 197923
503 253009 127263527 22.4277 7.9528 2.70157 1.98807 1580.2 198713
504 254016 128024064 22.4499 7.9581 2.70243 1.98413 1583.4 199504
505 255025 128787625 22.4722 7.9634 2.70329 1. 98020 1586.5 200296

506 256036 129554216 22.4944 7.9686 2.70415 1.97628 1589.6 201090
507 257049 130323843 22.5167 7.9739 2.70501 1.97239 1592.8 201886
508 258064 131096512 22.5389 7.9791 2.70586 1.96850 1595.9 202683
509 259081 131872229 22.5610 7.9843 2.70672 1.96464 1599.1 203482
510 260100 132651000 22.5832 7.9896 2.70757 , .96078 1602.2 204282

511 261121 133432831 22.6053 7.9948 2.70842 1.95695 1605.4 205084
512 262144 134217728 22.6274 8.0000 2.70927 1.9~12 1608.5 205887
513 263169 135005697 22.6495 8.0052 2.71012 1.94932 1611.6 206692
514 264196 135796744 22.6716 8.0104 2.71096 1.94553 1614.8 207499
515 265225 136590875 22.6936 8.0156 2.71181 1.94175 1617 .9 208307

1.93798 1621. I
51"
517
266256
26728'
137388096
138188413
22.7156
22.7376
8 .0208
8.0260
2.71265
2.71349 1.93424 1624.2
209117
209928
518 26832. 138991832 22.7596 8.0311 2.71433 1.93050 1627.3 210741
519 269361 139798359 22 . 7816 8.0363 2.71517 1.92678 1630.5 211556
520 270400 140608000 22.8035 8.0415 2.71600 1.92308 1633.6 212372

521 271441 141420761 22.8254 8.0466 2.71684 1.91939 1636.8 213189
522 272484 142236648 22.8473 8 . 0517 2.71767 1.91571 1639.9 21_
523 273529 143055667 22.8692 8.0569 2.71850 1.91205 1543.1 214829
52. 274576 143877824 22.8910 8.0620 2.71933 1. 90lI4O 1646.2 215651
525 275625 144703125 22.9129 8.0671 2.72016 1.90476 1649 .3 216475

526 276676 145531576 22.9347 8.0723 2.72099 1.90114 1652.5 217301
527 2m29 146363183 22.9565 8.0774 2.72181 1.89753 1655.6 218128
528 278784 147197952 22.9783 8 . 0825 2.72263 , .89394 1658.8 218956
529 279841 148035889 23.0000 8.0876 2.72346 1.89036 1661.9 219787
530 280900 148877000 23.0217 8.0927 2.72428 1.88679 1665.0 220618

531 281961 149nl291 23.0434 8.0978 2.72509 1.88324, 1668.2 221452
532 28302' 150568768 23.0651 8.1028 2.72591 1.87970 1671.3 222287
533 284089 151419437 23.0868 8.1079 2.72673 1.87617 1674 .5 223123
534 285156 152273304 23.1084 8.,,30 2.72754 1.87266 1677.6 223961
535 296225 153130375 23.1301 8.1180 2.72835 1.86916 1680.8 224801

53" 287296 153990656 23.1517 8. 1231 2.72916 1.86567 1683.9 225642
537 28836' 154854153 23. 1733 8.1281 2.72997 1 .86220 1687.0 226484
538 289444 155720872 23. 1948 8.1332 2.73078 1.85874 1690.2 227329
539 290521 156590819 23.2164 8.1382 2.73159 1.85529 1693.3 228175
540 291600 157464000 23.2379 8.1433 2.73239 1. 85185 1696.5 229022

541 292681 158340421 23.2594 8.1483 2.73320 1.84843 1699.6 229871
542 293764 159220088 23.2809 8.1533 2.73400 1.84502 1702.7 230722
543 29484' 160103007 23.3024 8.1583 2.73480 1.84162 1705.9 231574
544 295936 160989184 23.3238 8.1633 2.73560 1.83824 1709.0 232428
545 297025 161878625 23.3452 8.1683 2.73640 1 .834a6 1712.2 233283

54" 298116 162771336 23.3666 8.1733 2.73719 1.83150 171 5.3 234140
547 299209 163667323 23.3880 8.1783 2.73799 1.82815 1718.5 234998
548 300304 164566592 23.4094 8.1833 2.73878 1.82482 1721.6 235858
54' 301401 1654691 49 23.4307 8.1882 2.73957 1.82149 1724.7 236720
AMER I CAN INSTI TUT E;; O F STEEL C ONST RUCTI O N

377
550
". Squar. ,."" sa""

~,
c....
Roo' Logarithm
,..
X
ROOI\If'OOlI
".
Circum.
- D,. meter
Area
599
550 302500 166375000 23.4521 8.1932 2.74036 1.81818 1727.9 237583

551 303601 167284151 23.4734 8.1982 2.74115 1.81488 1731.0 238448
552 304704 168196608 23.4947 8.2031 2.74194 1.81159 1734.2 239314
553 305809 169112377 23 .5160 8.2081 2.74273 1.80832 1737.3 240182
554 306916 170031464 23.5372 8.2130 2.74351 1.80505 1740.4 241051
555 308025 170953875 23.5584 8.2180 2.74429 1.80180 1743.6 211922

556 309136 171879616 23.5797 8.2229 2.74507 1 .79856 1746.7 242795
557 310249 172808693 23 .6008 8.2278 2.74586 1.79533 1749.9 243669
558 311364 173741112 23.6220 8.2327 2.74663 1. 79211 1753.0 244545
559 312481 174676879 23.6432 8.2377 2.74741 1 .78891 1756.2 245422
560 313600 175616000 23.6643 8.2426 2.74819 1. 78571 1759.3 246301

561 314721 176558481 23.6854 8.2475 2.74896 1.78253 1762 . 4 247181
562 31_ 177504328 23.7065 8.2524 2.74974 1 .77936 1765.6 24llO63
563 316969 178453547 23. 7276 8 .2573 2.75051 1.77620 1768.7 248947
564 318096 179406144 23.7487 8.2621 2.75128 1.77305 1771.9 249832
565 319225 1803621 25 23.7697 8.2670 2.75205 1.76991 1775 . 0 250719

566 320356 181321496 23.7908 8.27 19 2.75282 1.76678 177S. 1 251607
567 321489 182284263 23.8118 S.2768 2.75358 1.76367 1781.3 252497
568 322624 163250432 23.6328 8.2816 2.75435 1.76056 1784.4 253388
569 323761 184220009 23.8537 8.2865 2.75511 1.75747 1787.6 254281
570 324900 185193000 23.8747 8.2913 2.75587 1.75439 1790.7 255176

571 326041 186169411 23.8956 8.2962 2.75664 1. 75131 1793.8 2560n
5n 327184 187149248 23.9165 8.3010 2.75740 1.74825 1797.0 256970
573 328329 188132517 23.9374 8.3059 2.75815 1.74520 1800. I 257869
574 329476 189119224 23.9583 8.3107 2.75891 1.74216 1803.3 258770
575 330625 190109375 23.9792 8.3155 2.75967 1. 73913 1806.4 259672

576 331776 191102976 24.0000 8.3203 2.76042 1. 7361 I 1809.6 260576
577 332929 192100033 24.0208 8.3251 2.76118 1. 73310 1812.7 261482
578 334084 193100552 24.0416 8.3300 2.76193 1.73010 1815.8 262389
579 335241 194104539 24.0624 8.3348 2.76268 1.72712 1819.0 263298
580 336400 195112000 24.0832 8.3396 2 . 76343 1.72414 1822. I 264208

581 337561 196122941 24.1039 8.3443 2.76418 1.72117 1825.3 265120
582 338724 197137368 24.1247 8.3491 2.76492 1. 71821 1828.4 266033
583 339889 198155287 24.1454 8.3539 2.76567 1. 71527 1831.6 266948
584 341056 199176704 24.1661 8.3587 2.76641 1.71233 1834.7 267865
585 342225 200201525 24.1868 8.3634 2. 76716 1.70940 1837.8 268783

586 343396 201230056 24 . 2074 8 .3682 2.76790 1 . 70648 1841.0 269703
587 344569 20'.1262003 24.2281 8.3730 2.75864 1.70358 1844. I 270624
588 345744 203297472 24 .2487 8.3777 2.76938 1.70068 1847.3 271547
589 346921 204336469 24.2693 8.3825 2.77012 1.69779 1850.4 272471
590 348100 205379000 24.2899 8 . 3872 2 . 77085 1.69492 1853.5 273397

591 349281 2C6425071 24.3105 8.3919 2.77159 1.69205 1656.7 274325
592 350464 207474688 24 .3311 8 .3967 2.17232 1 .68919 1859.8 275254
593 351649 208527857 24.3516 8.4014 2.77305 1.68634 1863.0 276184
594 352836 209584584 24.3721 8.4061 2.77379 1. 68350 1866.1 277117
595 354{)25 210644875 24.3926 8.4108 2 .77452 1.68067 1869.2 278051

596 355216 2 11708736 24.41 31 8.4155 2.77525 1.67785 1872 . 4 278986
597 356409 212776173 24.4336 8.4202 2.77597 1.67504 1875.5 279923
598 357604 213847192 24.4540 8.4249 2.77670 1.67224 1878.7 280862
599 358801 2149'21799 24 . 4745 8. 4296 2.77743 1.66945 1881.8 281802
AMER I CAN INSTITUTE O F STEEL CON STRU CTIO N

378
600
649
N. . ~.
"'. SC ....
"'
---
' -,-
,x..
.....-
N.
c.m.m.
D,a.....
NN
600 360000 216000000 24 . 4949 8.4343 2 . 77815 1.66667 1885.0 282743

601 361201 217081801 24 .5153 8. 4390 2. nSS7 1.66389 1888 . 1 283887
602 362404 218167208 24 . 5357 8.4437 2 . 77960 1.66113 1891 . 2 284631
603 363609 219256227 24.5561 8.4484 2 . 78032 1.65837 1894.4 285578
604 364816 220348864 24.5764 8.4530 2 . 78104 1.65563 1897.5 286526
605 36602S 221445125 24.5967 8.4577 2.78176 1.65289 1900.7 287475
606 367236 222545016 24.6171 8.4623 2.78247 1.65017 1903.8 288428
607
608 36844'
369664
223648543
224755712
24.6374
24.6577
8.4670
8.4716
2.78319
2.78390
1.64745
1.64474
1906 . 9
1910 . 1
289379
290333
609 370881 2'25866529 24.6779 8.4763 2.78462 1.64204 1913.2 291289
610 372100 226981000 24.6982 8.4809 2.78533 1.63934 1916.4 292247
611 373321 228099131 24.7184 8.4856 2.78604 1.63666 1919.5 293206
612 374544 229220928 24.7386 8.4902 2.78675 1.63399 1922.7 294166
613 375769 230346397 24.7588 8.4948 2.78746 1.63132 1925.8 295128
61. 376996 231475544 24.7790 8.4994 2 . 78817 1.62866 1928.9 296092
61S 378225 232608375 24.7992 8.5040 2.78888 , .62602 1932.1 297057
616 379456 233744896 24.8193 8 . 5086 2.789~ 1. 62338 1935.2 29802'
617 38068. 234885113 24 . 8395 8.5132 2 . 790'29 1.62075 1938 . 4 298992
618 381924 236029032 24 .8596 8.5178 2 . 79099 1.61812 1941.5 299962
619 383161 237176659 24.8797 8 . 5224 2 . 79169 1.61551 1944.6 300934
620 384400 238328000 24 . 8998 8.5270 2 . 79239 1.61290 1947.8 301007
621 385641 239483061 24.9199 8 . 5316 2 . 79309 1.61031 1950.9 302882
622 386884 240641848 24.9399 8.5362 2.79379 I.oom 1954.1 303858
623 388129 241804367 24 . 9600 8.5408 2.79449 1.60514 1957.2 304836
62. 389376 242970624 24.9800 8.5453 2.79518 1.60256 1960.4 30581S
62S 390625 244140625 25,0000 8.5499 2.79588 1.60000 1963.5 306796
626 391876 245314376 25.0200 8 ._ 2 . 79657 1 . 59744 1966 .6 307779
627 393129 246491883 25. 0400 8 . 5590 2 . 79727 1.59490 1969.8 308763
628 394384 247673152 25 . 0599 8.5635 2.79796 1.59236 1972.9 309748
629 396641 248858189 25.0799 8.5681 2.79865 1.58983 1976.1 310736
630 396900 250047000 25.0998 8 .5726 2 . 79934 1.58730 1979.2 311725

631 398161 251239591 25.1197 8 . 5772 2 . 80003 1.58479 1982.3 312715
632 399424 252435968 25.1396 8.5817 2 . 80072 1.58228 1985 . 5 313707
633 40068. 253636137 25.1595 8.5862 2. 80140 1.57978 1988.6 314700
634 401956 254840104 25. 1794 8.5907 2.80209 1.5n29 1991.8 310096
635 40322S 256047875 25.1992 8.5952 2.802n 1.57480 1994.9 316692
636 _96 257259456 25.2190 8.5997 2.80346 1.57233 1998.1 317690
637 405769 258474853 25.2389 8.6043 2.8041 4 1.56986 2001.2 318690
638 407044 259694072 25.2587 8.6088 2 . 80482 1.56740 2004.3 319692
63' 408321 260917119 25.2784 8.6132 2.80550 1.56495 2007.5 320695
840 409600 262144000 25.2982 8.61n 2 . 80618 1.56250 2010. 6 321699
841 410881 263374721 25.3180 8. 6m 2 . 80686 1.56006 2013 . 8 322705
842 412164 284609288 25.33n 8 . 6267 2 . 80754 1.55763 2016. 9 323713
843 413449 265847707 25.3574 8.6312 2.80821 1.55521 2020.0 324722
844 414736 267089984 25.3772 8.6357 2.80889 1.55280 2023.2 325733
84S 416025 268336125 25. 3969 8 . 6401 2 . 80956 1.55039 2026. 3 326745
846 417316 269586136 25.4165 8 . 8446 2 . 81023 1.54799 2029. S 327759
847 418609 2708<0023 25. 4362 8.6490 2 81090 1.54560 2032. 6 328n5
848 419904 272097792 25. 4558 8 . 6535 81158 1.54321 2035. 8 329792
84. 421201 273359449 25.4755 8.6579 2
2 .. 81224 1 1.54083 2038. ' 330810
AMERICAN IN STIT UTE OF STEEL C O N STRUCTIO N

37.
650
699
Nil. _ Diamete.
". Sq""ft Co," ~UJr.

001
Co",
'001 Log:.... thm ''''''
X
Rec,prouJ
I
C,rcum Area
,
I
650 422500 274625000 2~.4951 8.6624 2.81291 1.53846 2042.0 331831
651 423801 275894451 25.5147 8._ 2 .81358 1.53610 2045.2 332853
652 425104 277167808 25.5343 8.6713 2.81425 1.53374 2048.3 333876
653 426409 278445077 25.5539 8.6757 2.81491 1.53139 2051.5 334901
654 427716 279726264 25.5734 8.6801 2.81558 1.52905 2054.6 335927
655 429025 281011375 25.5930 8.6845 2.81624 1.52672 2057.7 336955

656 430336 282300416 25.6125 8.6890 2.81690 1.52439 2060.' 337985
657 431649 283593393 25.6320 8.6934 2.81757 1.52207 2064.0 339016
658 432964 284890312 25.6515 8.6978 2.81823 1.51976 2067.2 34004.
659 434281 286191 179 25.6710 8.7022 2.81889 1.51745 2070.3 341084
660 435600 287496000 25.6905 8,7066 2.81954 1.51515 2073.5 342119

661 436921 288804781 25.7099 8.7110 2.82020 1.51286 2076.6 343157
662 438244 290117528 25.7294 8.7154 2.82086 1.51057 2079.7 344196
663 439569 291434247 25.7488 8.7198 2.82151 1.50830 2082.' 345237
664 440896 292754944 25.7682 8.7241 2.82217 1.50602 2086 . 346279
665 44=5 294079625 25.7876 8.7285 2.82282 1. 50376 2089.2 347323
666 443556 295408296 25.8070 8.7329 2.82347 1.50150 2092.3 3483'"
667 444889 296740963 25.8263 8.7373 2.82413 1.49925 2095 . 4 349415
668 446224 298077632 25.8457 8.7416 2 . 82478 1.49701 2098.6 350464
669 447561 2994 18309 25.8650 8.7460 2.82543 1.49477 2101.7 35151 4
67. 448900 300763000 25.8844 8.7503 2.82607 1.49254 2104.9 352565

671 45024 1 302111 711 25.9037 8.7547 2.82672 1 . 49031 2108.0 353618
672 451584 303464448 25.9230 8.7590 2.82737 1 . 48810 2111.2 354673
673 452929 304821217 25.9422 8.7634 2.82082 1.48588 211 4 .3 355730
674 454276 306182024 25.9615 8.7677 2.82866 1.48368 2117.4 356788
675 455625 307546875 25.9808 8.7721 2.82930 1.48148 2120.6 357847

676 456976 308915776 26.00\10 8.7764 2.82995 1.47929 2123.7 358908
677 458329 310288733 26.0192 8.7807 2.83059 1.4nlO 2126.9 359971
678 459684 311665752 26.0384 8.7850 2.83123 1.47493 2 130.0 361035
67. 46104 1 313046839 26.0576 8.7893 2.83187 1 .47275 2133.1 362101
680 462400 314432000 26.0768 8.7937 2.83251 1 . 47059 2136.3 363168

681 463761 31582124 1 26.0960 8.7980 2.83315 1. 46843 2 139. 4 364237
682 465124 31721 4~ 26.1151 8.8023 2.83378 1 . 46628 2 142.6 365308
683 466489 318611 987 26. 1343 8.8066 2.83442 1. 46413 2145. 7 366380
G84 467856 320013504 26. 1534 8.8109 2.83506 1.46199 2148.8 367453
685 469225 321419125 26.1725 8.8152 2.83569 1. 45985 2152.0 368528

666 470596 322828856 26.1916 8.8194 2.83632 t .45n3 2155.1 369605
687 471969 324242703 26.2107 8.8237 2.83696 1.45560 2158.3 370684
688 473344 325660672 26.2298 8.8280 2.83759 1.45349 2161.4 371764
68. 474721 327082769 26.2488 8.8323 2.83822 \.45138 2164.6 372845
69\l 476100 328509000 26.2679 8.8366 2.83885 1.44928 2167.7 37392Jl

691 4n481 329939371 26.2869 8.8408 2.83948 1.44718 2170.8 375013
692 478864 331373888 26.3059 8.8451 2.84011 1.44509 2174 .0 376099
693 480249 332812557 26.3249 8.8493 2.84073 1. 44300 21n.l 3n187
694 481636 334255384 26.3439 8.8536 2.84 136 1.44092 2180.3 378276
695 483025 335702375 26.3629 8.8578 2.64198 1.43885 2183.4 379367

696 484416 337153536 26 . 3818 8.8621 2.84261 1.43678 2186.5 380459
697 485809 338608873 26. 4008 8.8663 2.84323 1.43472 2189.7 381553
698 487204 340068392 26.4197 8.8706 2.84386 1 .43266 2192.8 38264.
699 488601 341532099 26. 4386 8.8748 2.84448 1.43062 2196.0 383746
AME R ICA N IN STI T U T E O F STEEL CON S TR UCTI ON

380
700
749
N.
-1--
""". """ ,
,
SCt&
, -
""" '-,,,.,,
,..
X
ReciprOCllI
No. _ Oilme*
Co,cum.
, NU
I I
700 .00000 '''3000000 26.4575 8 . 8790 2.84510 1.42857 2199. 1 384845
70. 491401 344472101 26.4764 8 .8833 2.84572 1.42653 22Il2.3 385945
702
703
704
.92804
'9<209
495616
"'-
347428927
348913664
26.4953
26.5141
26.5330
8 . 8875
8 . 8917
8.8959
2.84634
2.84696
2.84757
1.42450
1.42248
1.42045
2205.4
22(18. 5
2211. 7
387047
388151
389256
705 497025 _5 26.5518 8.9001 2.84819 1.41844 2214.8 390363
706 498436 351895816 26 .5707 8.9043 2.84880 1.41643 2218.0 391471
707 '99849 353393243 26 . 5895 '.9085 2.84942 1.41443 2221 . 1 392580
708 50.264 354894912 26.6083 8.9127 2.85003 1.41243 2224.2 393692
709 50268. 356400829 26 . 6271 8.9169 2.85065 1.41044 2227.4 394805
710 504.00 357911000 26.6458 8.9211 2.85126 1.40845 2230.5 395919
711 505521 359425431 26.6646 8.9253 2.85187 1.40647 2233.7 397035
712 500944 360944128 26. 6833 8.9295 2.85248 1.40449 2236.8 398153
713 508369 362467097 26.7021 8.9337 2.85309 1 .40252 2240.0 399272
509796 2243. 1
'"
715 511225
363994344
365525875
26.7208
26. 7395
8.9378
8 . 9420
2.85370
2.85431
1.40056
1.39860 2246.2
400393
401515
716 51"" 367061696 26.7582 8.9462 2.85491 1.39665 2249.4 '02639
717 514089 368601813 26.n69 8 .9503 2.85552 1.39470 2252.5 403765
718 515524 370146232 26.7955 8.9545 2 .85612 1.39276 2255.7 404892
719 516961 371694959 26. 8142 8.9587 2.85673 1.39082 2258.8 406020
-"
720 518400 373248000 26. 8328 8 .9628 2.85733 1.38889 2261.9 407150
72. 519841 374805361 26.8514 8.9670 2.85794 1.38696 2265.' 408282
m 52'284 376367048 26.8701 8 . 9711 2."'" 1.38504 2268.2
723 522729 377933067 26.8887 8.9752 2.85914 1.38313 2271.4 410550
72' 524176 379503424 26. 9072 8.9794 2.85974 1.38122 2274.5 411687
725
726
727
728
729
730
73'
525625
527076
528529
529984
531441
532900
534361
381078125
382657176
38424058J
385828352
387420489
389017000
390617891
26 .9'258
26.-
26.9629
26.9815
27.0000
27 . 0185
27 . 0370
-
' .9835 2.86034
8.9876
..
8 . 9918
9 . 0000
9.0041
9 .0082
2.86094
2.86153
2.86213
2.86273
2.86332
2.86392
1. 37931
1.3n4,
1.37552
1.37363
1.37174
1.36986
1.36799
22n.7
2280. 8
2283.9
2287.1
mo. 2
2293.4
2296. 5
412825
413965
415106
416248
417393
4 18539
41_
732 53582. 39'1223168 27.0555 9 . 0 123 2.86451 1.36612 2299.6 . 20835
733 537289 39383'l837 27. 0740 9.0164 2.86510 1.36426 2302.8 421986
734 538756 395446904 27. 0924 9.0205 2.86570 1.36240 2305.9 423138
735 540225 397065375 27.1109 9 . 0246 2 .86629 1.36054 2309. 1 424293

736 541696 398688256 27 . 1293 9.0287 2.86688 1. 35870 2312.2 425447
737 543169 400315553 27.1 4n 9 . 0328 2.86747 1.35685 2315.4 ' 26604
738 54- 401947272 27. 1662 9.0369 2.86806 1.35501 2318.5 427762
739 546121 403583419 27.1846 9.04 10 2.86864 t .35318 2321.6 428922
740 547600 405224000 27.2029 9. 0450 2 . 86923 1.35135 2324 .8 '30084
741 54908' 40686902' 27.2213 9. 0491 2.86982 1.34953 2327.9 431247
742 550564 4085 ..... 27 . 2397 9.0532 2.87040 t.34nl 2331. 1 432412
743 552049 4 10172407 27.2580 9 . 0572 2.87099 1.34590 2334. 2 433578
74' 553536 4 11830784 27.2764 9.0613 2.87157 1.34409 2337.3 434746
9._ 435916
i~
745 555025 27.2947 2.87216 1.34228 2340.5
746 556516 27.3130 9 . 0694 2.87274 1.34048 2343.6 437087
747 556009 27 . 3313 9.0735 2.87332 1.33869 2346.8 438259
748 559504 27 . 3496 9.0n5 2.87390 1.33690 2349.9 ' 39433
749 561001 27. 3679 9 . 0816 2.87448 1.3351 1 2353. ' 440609
A M lE AI C6I N lN S TlTUT " 0 ' S T ....L C O N S TA UCTIO N

381
750
799
No.
,
So_, c.... Square
'00' .
"'.,., LDg>rithm
,..,
X
RlICip, OC;I\
No. _ Diameter
Circ~m. Arel
750 562500 421875000 27.3861

27.4044
'.0856 2.87506
2.87564
1.33333
1.33156
2356.2
2359.3
441786
442965
751 564001 423564751 9.0896
752 565504 425259008 27.4226 9.0937 2.87622 1.32979 2362.5 444146
753 567009 426957777 27.4408 9.0977 2.87680 1.32802 2365.6 445328
754 568516 428661064 27.4591 9.1017 2.87737 1.32626 2368.8 44651'
755 570025 430368375 27 .4773 9.1057 2.87795 1.32450 2371.9 447697

756 571536 432081216 27.4955 9.1098 2.87852 1.32275 2375.0 448883
757 573049 433798093 27.5136 9.1138 2.87910 1.32100 2378.2 450072
758 574564 435519512 27.5318 9.1178 2.87967 1.31926 2381.3 451262
759 576081 43n45479 27.5500 9.1218 2.88024 1.31752 2384.5 452453
760 5nflYJ 438976000 27.5681 9.1258 2.88081 1.31579 2387.6 453646

761 579121 440711081 27.5862 9.1298 2.88138 1.31406 2390.8 454841
762 580644 442450728 27,6043 9.1338 2.88196 1.31234 2393.9 456037
763 582169 444194947 27.622~ 9.1378 2.882~2 1.31062 2397.0 4~7234
764 583696 44~943744 27.640~ 9.1418 2.88309 1.30890 2400.2 458434
765 58~22~ 44769712~ 27.6586 9.1458 2.88366 1.30719 2403.3 4~963~

766 586756 4494~5096 27.6767 9.1498 2.88423 1.30548 2406.~ 460837
767 588289 4~12 17663 27.6948 9.1~37 2.88480 1.30378 2409.6 462041
768 589824 4~2984832 27 . 7128 9.1577 2 . 88536 1.30208 2412.7 463247
76' 591361 454756609 27.7308 9.1617 2.88593 1.30039 2415.9 464454
770 592900 456533000 27.7489 9.1657 2.88649 1.29870 2419.0 465663

771 594441 458314011 27.7669 9.1696 2.88705 1.29702 2422.2 466873
7n 595984 460099648 27.7849 9.1736 2.88762 1.29534 2425.3 468085
773 597529 461889917 27.8029 9.1775 2.88818 1.29366 2428.5 469298
774 599076 463684824 27.8209 9.1815 2.88874 1.29199 2431. 6 470513
775 600025 465484375 27.8388 9.1855 2.88930 1.29032 2434.7 471730

776 602176 467288576 27.8568 9.1894 2.88986 1.28866 2437.9 472948
777 603729 469097433 27.8747 9.1933 2.89042 1.28700 2441.0 474168
778 605284 470910952 27.8927 9.1973 2.89098 1.28535 2444.2 475389
779 606841 472729139 27.9106 9.2012 2.89154 1.28370 2447.3 476612
780 608400 474552000 27.9285 9.2052 2.89209 1.28205 2450.4 477836

781 609961 476379541 27.9464 9.2091 2.89265 1.28041 2453.6 479062
782 611524 478211768 27.9643 9.2130 2.89321 1.27877 2456.7 480290
783 613089 480048687 27.9821 9.2170 2.89376 1.27714 2459.9 481519
784 614658 481890304 28.000J 9.2209 2.89432 1.27551 2463.0 482750
785 616225 483736625 28. 0179 9.2248 2.89487 1.27389 2466.2 483982
786 617796 485587656 28. 0357 9 . 2287 2.89542 1.27226 2469.3 485216
787 619369 487443403 28.0535 9.2326 2.89597 1.27065 2472.4 486451
788 620944 489303872 28 . 0713 9.2365 2.89653 1.26904 2475.6 487688
78' 622521 491169069 28.0891 9.2404 2.89708 1.26743 2478.7 488927
790 624100 493039000 28 . 1069 9 . 2443 2.89763 1.26582 2481.9 490167

791 625681 494913671 28.1247 9 . 2482 2.89818 1.26422 2485.0 491409
792 62_ 496793088 28. 1425 9 . 2521 2.89873 1.26263 2488.1 492652
793 628849 498677257 28.1603 9.2560 2 . 89927 1.26103 2491.3 493897
794 630436 500566184 28.1780 9.2599 2.69982 1.25945 2494.4 495143
795 632025 502459675 28 . 1957 9.2638 2.90037 1.25786 2497.6 496391

796 633616 504358336 26.2135 9.2677 2.90091 1.25628 2500.7 497641
797 635209 506261573 26 . 2312 9.2716 2.90146 1.25471 2503.8 498892
798 636804 508169592 28.2469 9.2754 2.90200 1.25313 2507.0 5OD145
799 638401 510062399 28. 2666 9.2793 2.90255 1.25156 ?~1O . 1 501399.

38 2
800
FUNCTIO N S O F N UMBERS
849
N. Squa.e
I "' . ~(' M"
"00' Loprithm
,
",..
X
Reciproca l
I
No. _ Diameter
C"cum. "N
800 640000 512000000 28.2843 9.2832 2.90309 1.25000 2513.3 502655
801 641601 513922401 28.3019 9.2870 2.90363 1.24844 2516.4 503912
802 643204 515849608 28.3196 9.2909 2.90417 t .24688 2519.6 505171
803 644809 51n81627 28.3373 9.2948 2.90472 1.24533 2522.7 506432
804 646416 519718464 28.3549 9.2986 2.90526 1.24378 2525.8 507694
805 648025 521660125 28.3725 9.3025 2.90580 '.24224 2529.0 508958
806 649636 523606616 28.3901 9.3063 2.90634 1.24069 2532.1 510223
807 651249 525557943 28.4077 9.3102 2.90687 1. 23916 2535.3 411490
808 652864 527514112 28.4253 9.3140 2.90741 1.23762 2538.4 512758
809 6!>4481 529475129 28.4429 9.3179 2.90795 1.23609 2541.5 514028
810 656100 531441000 28.4605 9.3217 2.90849 1.23457 2544.7 515300
811 657721 533411731 28.4781 9.3255 2.90902 1.23305 2547.8 516573
812 659344 535387328 28.4956 9.3294 2.90956 1.23153 2551.0 517848
813 660969 537367797 28.5132 9.3332 2.9HI09 1.23001 2554.1 519124
814 662596 539353144 28.5307 9.3370 2.91062 1.22850 2557.3 520402
815 664225 541343375 28.5482 9.3408 2.91116 1 .22899 2560.4 521681

816 665856 543338496 28.5657 9.3447 2.91169 1 .22549 2563.5 522962
817 667489 545338513 28.5832 9.3485 2.91222 1 .22399 2566.7 524245
818 669124 547343432 28.6007 9.3523 2.91275 1.22249 2569.8 525529
819 670761 549353259 28.6182 9.3561 2.91328 1.22100 2573.0 526814
620 672400 5513GBOOO 26.6356 9.3599 2.91381 1. 21951 2576.1 528102

821 674041 553387561 28.6531 9.3637 2.91434 1.21803 2579.2 529391
822 675684 555412248 28.6705 9.3675 2.91487 1.21655 2582.4 530681
823 6n329 557441767 28.6880 9.3713 2.91540 1.21507 2585.5 531973
824 678976 559476224 28.7054 9.3751 2.91593 1.21359 2588.7 533287
825 680625 561515625 26.7228 9.3789 2.91645 1.21212 2591.8 534562
828 682276 563559976 28.7402 9.3827 2.91698 1 .2H165 2595.0 535658
827 683929 585609283 28.7576 9.3885 2.91751 1.20919 2598.1 537157
828 685584 567663552 28.nSO 9.3902 2.91803 1.2On3 2601.2 538458
829 687241 569722789 28.7924 9.3940 2.91855 1.20627 2604.4 539758
830 688900 571787000 28.8097 9.3978 2.91908 1.20482 2607.5 541061
i~j
831 573856191 28.8271 9.4016 2.91960 1.20337 2610.7 542365
832 575930368 28.8444 9.4053 2.92012 1.20192 2613.8 543671
833 578009537 28.8617 9.4091 2.92065 1.20048 2616.9 544979
834 580093704 28.8791 9.4129 2.92117 1.19904 2620.1 546288
835 697225 582182875 28.8964 9.4166 2.92169 1.19760 2623.2 547599

836 698896 584277056 28.9137 9.4204 2.92221 1.19617 2626.4 548912
837 700569 586376253 28.9310 9.4241 2.92273 1.19474 2629.5 550226
838 702244 588480472 28.9482 9.4279 2.92324 1. 19332 2632.7 551541
839 703921 590589719 28.9655 9.4316 2.92376 1.19190 2635.8 552858
554ln
~:~:~
840 705600 592704000 28.9828 9.4354 1.19048 2638.9
841 707281 594823321 29. 0000 9.4391 1.18906 2642. t 555497
842 708964 596947688 29.0172 9.4429 2.92531 1.18765 2645.2 556819
843 710649 599077107 29.0345 9.4466 2.92583 1. 18624 2648.4 558142
844 712336 601211584 29.0517 9.4503 2.92634 1.18483 2651.5 559467
845 714025 603351125 29.0689 9.4541 2.92686 1.18343 2654.6 580794

846 715716 605495736 29.0861 9.4578 2.92737 1.18203 2657.8 562122
847 717409 607645423 29.1033 9.4615 2.92788 1.18064 2660.9 563452
848 719104 809800192 29.1204 9.4652 2.92840 1.17925 2864.1 564783
849 720801 611960049 29.1376 9.4690 2.92891 1. 17786 2667.2 56611 6
A M RIC ... N IN STI T UTE OF S T EEL CONSTR UCTION

383
850
FUN CTIO NS OF N U M BERS
899
N. - O;.me!er
SQ ... , e c.", ,,>00
N. Squ~,e c.", Roo' Roo ' Logarithm X
RaciP,oca l Circum. ruN
, I
850 722500 614125000 29.1548 9.4727 2.92942 1.17647 2670.4 567450
851 724201 616295051 29.1719 9.4764 2.92993 1. 17509 2673.5 568786
852 725904 618470208 29.1890 9.4801 2.93044 1.17371 2676.6 570124
853 727609 620650477 29.2062 9.4838 2.93095 1.17233 2679.8 571463
854 729316 622835864 29.2233 9.4875 2.93146 , .17096 2682.9 572803
885 731025 625026375 29 . 2404 9.4912 2 . 93197 1.16959 2686.1 574146

856 732736 627222016 29.2575 9.4949 2.93247 1.16822 2689.2 575490
857 734449 629422793 29.2746 9.4986 2.93298 , .16686 2692.3 576835
858 736164 631628712 29.2916 9.5023 2.93349 1.16550 2695.5 578182
859 737881 633839n9 29.3087 9.5060 2.93399 1.15414 2698.6 579530
860 739600 636056000 29.3258 9.5097 2.93450 1.16279 2701.8 580B80

861 741321 6382n381 29.3428 9.5134 2.93500 1.16144 2704 . 9 582232
862 743044 640503928 29.3598 9.5171 2.93551 1.16009 2708.1 583585
863 744769 642735647 29.3769 9.5207 2.93601 " 15875 2711.2 584940
864 746496 644972544 29.3939 9.5244 2.93651 1.15741 2714.3 586297
H~
865 748225 647214625 29.4109 9.5281 1.15607 2717.5 587655
866 749956 649461896 29.4279 9.5317 2. 1.15473 2720.6 589014
867 751689 651714363 29.4449 9.5354 2. 1.15340 2123.8 590375
868 753424 653972032 29.4618 9.5391 2. 1.15207 2726.9 591738
869 755161 656234909 29.4788 9.5427 2. 1.15075 2730.0 593102
870 756900 658503000 29.4958 9.5464 2.93952 1.14943 2733.2 594468

871 758641 660776311 29.5127 9.5501 2.94002 1.14811 2736 . 3 595835
872 760384 663054848 29.5296 9.5537 2.94052 1.14679 2739.5 597204
873 762129 665338617 29.5466 9.5574 2.94101 1.14548 2742.6 598575
874 763876 667627624 29.5635 9.5610 2.94151 1.14416 2745.8 599947
875 765625 669921875 29.5804 9.5647 2.94201 1.14286 2748.9 601320

876 767376 672221376 29.5973 9.5683 2.94250 1.14155 2752.0 602696
877 769129 674526133 29.6142 9.5719 2.94300 1.14025 2755.2 604073
878 770884 676835152 29.6311 9.5756 2.94349 1. 13895 2758.3 605451
879 n2641 679151439 29.6479 9.5792 2.94399 1.13766 2761.5 606831
880 774400 681472000 29.6648 9.5828 2.94448 1.13636 2754.6 608212

881 776161 683797841 29.6816 9.5865 2.94498 1.13507 2767.7 609595
862 777924 686128968 29.6985 9.5901 2.94547 1.13379 2770.9 610980
883 779689 688405387 29.7153 9.5937 2.94596 1 . 13250 2774.0 612366
884 781456 690807104 29.7321 9.5973 2.94645 1.13122 2777 .2 613754
885 783225 693154125 29.7489 9.6010 2.94694 1.12994 2780.3 6151 43

886 784996 695506456 29.7658 9.6046 2.94743 " 12867 2783.5 616534
887 786769 697864103 29.7825 9.6082 2.94792 1.12740 2786.6 617927
886 788544 700227072 29.7993 9.6118 2.94841 1.12613 2789.7 619321
889 790321 702595369 29.8161 9.6154 2.94890 1.12485 2792.9 620717
890 792100 704969000 29.8329 9.6190 2.94939 1.12360 2796 .0 622114

891 793861 707347971 29.8496 9 .6226 2.94988 1.1 2233 2799.2 623513
892 795664 709732288 29.8664 9 . 6262 2.95036 ",2108 2802.3 624913
893 797449 712121957 29.8831 9.6298 2.95085 1. 11982 2805.4 626315
894 799236 714516984 29.8998 9.5334 2.95134 1.11 857 2808.6 627718
895 801025 716917375 29.9166 9.6370 2.95182 1. 11732 2811. 7 629124

896 602816 719323136 29.9333 9.6406 2.95231 1 .11607 2814.9 630530
897 804609 721734273 29.9500 9.6442 2.95279 1.11483 2818.0 631938
898 806404 724150792 29.9666 9.6477 2.95328 1.11 359 2821.2 633348
899 808201 726572699 29.9833 9.6513 2.95376 1. 11235 2824.3 634760
AMERICAN I NSTI T UTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I ON

3 84
900
949
"I,,-,
--
,
c....
I
':\:;'
, c....
"'"
,
Logarithm
..
,X
Reciprocal
N... _ Oil...,l"
C;'cum. ....
900 72900000O 30.0000 9.6549
'1~
8"'000 2.95424 2827.4 636173
901 811801 731432701 30.0167 9.6585 2.95472 1 2830.6 637587
902 81_ 733870808 30.0333 9.6620 2.95521 1 2833.7 639003
903 815409 736314327 30.0500 9.6656 2.95569 1 2836.9 640421
904 817216 738763264 30.0666 9.6692 2.95617 1. 2840.0 641540
905 819025 741217625 30.0832 9.6727 2.95665 1.10497 2843.1 64326,
906 820836 743677416 30.0998 9.6763 2.95713 1. 10375 2846.3 644683
907
908
909
Bm49
82_
826281
746142643
748613312
751089429
30.1164
30.1330
30.1496
9.6799
9.6834
9.6870
2.95761
2.95809
2.95856
1.10254
1.10132
1.10011
2849.4
2852.6
2855.7
64_
646107
647533
910 828100 753571000 30.1662 9.6905 2 . 95904 1.09890 2858.8 650,..

911 829921 756058031 30. 1828 9.6941 2.95952 1.09769 2862.0 651818
912 831744 75M50528 30.1993 9.6976 2.95999 1.09649 2865.1 653250
913 833569 761048497 30.2159 9.7012 2.96047 1.09529 2868.3 654684
91 . 835396 763551944 30.2324 9.7047 2.96095 1.09409 2871.4 656118
915 837225 76G060875 30.2490 9.7082 2.96142 109290 2874.6 657555
916 839056 768575296 30.2655 9.7118 2 .96190 1.09170 28n.7 658993
917 840889 771095213 30.2820 9.7153 2.96237 1.09051 2880.8 660433
918
919 ....,.,
84m. 77J620632
776151559
30._
30.3150
9.7188
9.722~
2.96284
2.96332
1.08932
1.0881~
2884.0
2887.1
66187~
663317
920 84..00 778688000 30.3315 9.7259 2.96379 1.08696 2890.3 664761
921 648241 781229961 30.3480 9.7294 2.96426 1.08578 2893.4 666207
922 650064 783777448 30.3645 9.7329 2.96473 1."""'" 2896.5 067654
923 851929 7863304<i7 30.3809 9.7364 2 .96520 1.08342 2899.7 669103
924 85377" 788889024 30.3974 9.7400 2.96567 1.08225 2902.8 670554
925 855625 791453125 30.4138 9.7435 2. 96614 1.08108 2906.0 61'2006
926 857476 794022776 30.~30'2 9.7~70 2 .96661 1.07991 2909.1 673460
927 859329 796597983 30._ 9.7505 2.96708 1,07875 2912.3 674915
928 861164 799178752 30.4631 9.7540 2.96755 1.07759 2915.4 676372
929 863041 801765089 30.4795 9.7575 2.96802 1.07643 2918.5 677831
930 864900 804357000 30.4959 9.7610 2.96848 1.07527 2921.7 679291
931 866761 806954491 30.5123 9.7645 2.96895 1.07~11 2924.8 680752
932 86862. 809557568 30.5287 9.7680 2.96942 1.07296 2928.0 682216
933 870489 812166237 30.5450 9.7715 2 .96988 1.07181 2931.1 683680
934 872356 81~780504 30.5614 9.7750 2.97035 1.07066 293-4.2 6851~7
'"
936
937
874225
876096
817969
879844
817400375
820025856
822656953
30.5778
30.5941
30.6105
9.7785
9.7819
9.7854
2.97081
2.97128
2.97174
1.06952
1.06838
l.06n4
2937.4
2940.5
2943.7
...."
688084
689555
938 825293672 30.6268 9.7889 2.97220 1 .06610 2946.8 691028
939 881721 827936019 30.6431 9.7924 2.97267 1.06496 2950.0 692502
940 883600 830584000 30.6594 9.7959 2.97313 1.()6383 2953.1 693978
9<1 88548) 833237621 30.6757 9.7993 2. 97359 1.06270 2956.2 695455
...
942
943
945
887364
889249
891136
893025
83;896888
838561807
641232364
643908625
30.6920
30. 7083
30.7246
30.7409
9.8028
9 . 8063
9.8097
9.8132
2.97405
2.97451
2.97497
2.97543
1.06157
1. 06045
1. 05932
1.05820
2959.4
2962.5
2965.7
2968.8
696934
696415
699897
701380
946 894916 84G59053G 30.7571 9.8167 2.97589 1.05708 2971.9 702865
947 896809 849278123 30.7734 9.8201 2.97635 1.05597 2975.1 704352
948 898704 851971392 30.7896 9.8236 2.97681 1.05485 2978. 2 705840
949 900G01 854670349 30.8058 9.8270 2. 9m7 1.05374 2981.4 707330
AM"R ICJ\.N lNSTITUT.. 0 .. STIEIEI,.. CONSTRUCTION

3 85
950
..
999
N .... c... ~e ...."

""' Logar,thm
, X
RecIprocal
No ... Diameter
CI~um, Ny
950 902500 857375000 30.8221 9.8305 2. 97nZ 1 . 05263 2984.5 708822

951
952
953
""""
906304
860085351
862801408
30.8383
30. 8545
9.8339
9.8374
9._
2.97818
2.97864
1.05152
1. 05042
2987.7
2990.8
710315
711809
954 """""
9 10116
8655231n
868250664
30.8707
30.8869 9.8443
2.97909
2.97955
1. 04932
1.04822
2993.9
2997.1
713306
714803
955 9 12025 870983875 30.9031 9.84n 2.98000 1. 04712 3000.2 716303
956 913936 873722816 30.9192 9.8511 2._ 1.0460J 3003.' 71 7804
957 915849 876467493 30.9354 9.8546 2.98091 1. 04493 3006. , 719306
958 91n64 879217912 30.9516 9.8580 2.98137 1. 04384 3009.6 720810
959 919681 881974079 30.9677 9.8614 2.98182 1.04275 3012.8 722316
960 921600 884736000 30.9839 9.8648 2.98227 1 . 04 167 3015.9 723823
961 923521 887503681 31 .0000 9.8683 2.9827'2 1.04058 3019. 1 725332
962 9254-44 8902n,28 31.01 61 9.87 17 2.98318 1.03950 3022.2 726842
,..
963 927369
929296
893056347
89584 1344
31.0322
31.0483
9. 8751
9.8785
2. 98363
2.98408
1 .03842
1 . 03734
3025 .4
3028.5
728354
729867
965 931225 898632125 31.0644 9.8819 2.98453 1.03627 3031.6 731382
966 933156 901 428696 31 .0805 9.8854 2.98498 1.03520 3034.8 732899
967 935089 904231063 31.0966 9.8888 2.98543 1.03413 3037.9 73441 7
968 937024 907039232 31.1127 9.8922 2.98588 1.03306 3041.1 735937
969 938961 9098>3209 31. 1288 9.8956 2.98632 1.03199 3044.2 737458
970 940900 912673000 31. 1448 9 .8990 2.98677 1.03093 3047.3 738961
971 94"'" 91549861 1 31. 1609 9.9024 2.98722 1.02987 3050.5 740506
972 ....784 913330048 31.1769 9.9058 2.98767 1.02881 3053.6 742032
973 946729 921 167317 31. 1929 9.9092 2.9881 1 I .02n5 3056.8 74~9
97' 948676 92<101 04 24 31.2090 9.9126 2.98856 1 .02669 3059.9 745088
975 950625 926859375 31. 2250 9.9160 2.98900 1 .02564 3063. 1 746619
976 952576 92971 4 176 31.2410 9.9194 2.98945 1 .02459 3066.2 748151
on 954529 932574833 31.2570 9.m7 2.98989 1.02354 3069.3 749685
978 956484 93544 1352 31.2730 9.92Gl 2.99034 1.02249 3072.5 75 1221
979 95&441 938313739 31.2890 9.9295 2.99078 1. 02145 3075.6 752758
980 960400 941192OCX) 31.3050 9 . 9329 2.99123 1 .0'2041 3078.8 754,..
961 96'2361 94407614 1 31.3209 9.9363 2.99167 1.01937 3081.9 755837
982 ,..32< 946966168 31.3369 9.9396 2.99211 1.01833 3085.0 757378
983 966289 949862087 31.3528 9.9430 2.99255 -1.01729 3088.2 758922
984 ""56 952783904 31.3688 9."" 2.99300 1.01626 3091.3 760466
965 97022' 955671625 31 . 3847 9.9497 2.99344 1.01523 3094.' 762013

986 972196 958585256 31.4006 9.9531 2.99388 1.01420 3097.6 763561
9'" 974169 961504803 31.4166 9.9565 2.99432 1.01317 3100.8 7651 11
988 976144 964430272 31.4325 9.9598 2.99476 1 .01215 3103.9 766662
989 978121 967361669 31. 4484 9.9632 2.99520 1.01112 3107.0 768214
990 980100 970299000 31.4643 9.9666 2.99564 1.01010 3110.2 769769

991 982081 973242271 31.4802 9.9699 2.99607 1.00908 3113 .3 n1325
992 984064 976191488 31. 4960 9.9733 2 . 99651 1.00806 3116.5 n2882
....
993 986049
988036
979146657
982,On84
31 . 5119
31.5278
9.9766
9.9800
2.99695
2.99739
, . 00705
1.00604
3119.6
3122.7
n 4441
noO"
995
996
99002'
992016
985074875
..... 7936
31.5436
31.5595
9 . 9833
9.9866
2 . 99782
2.99826
1.00503
1.00402
3125 . 9
3129.0
m564
ml28
997 994009 99 10'26973 31. 5753 9.9900 2.99870 1.00301 3132.2 780693
998 996004 994011992 31.5911 9.9933 2 . 99913 1.00200 3135.3 782260
999 998001 997002999 31.6070 9.9967 2.99957 1.00100 3138.5 783828
A MERI CA N IN S TITU T E: O F STEEL C O N S T R UCT I O N

38 6
WIRE AND SHEET METAL GAGES

IN DECIMALS OF AN INCH
Amer;can ,.w B,lli.h

,,~
., United States
Standard 0aQr
Steel &.
Wire Co .
and John A.
Americl.n or
Brown 4
Shar&:
Birmingham
Standard
I~,al
or li. h
leg<11 Siand-
Birmingham
or StllM
,.on W;re
,,-
0<
0." Roebling Wire age Sheet &. .,,, Wire G... 0...
HOO!I 0300
----
Sons CO. a."
Principal Uncoaled StHl Sh .... ts
Steel Wire Non-Far.OUI
ShlHlts and
Iron and
81 .... , Shoett Wire
1St.;"", BInd.,
HOOPIand Pril\Cipal
M.:'.~~ire
OM and Light Plates Wore
"" "_ Wire OM
,..
a... I Weit Appro.,
,- ,..
a...
.
Thickneu ThickneN, InclI8.
Lb. per _Fl.
----
,,,. .."" .... .,.. ...."'" ,,,,,,.
.-
.
".00
..'" ""
....""
6/0'. 18.75 .4615 .625
.
,,,. ....,n ,,..
,,,.
17.50 A'"
."'"
.5165
."" .'" ."'.."" 5/0'
4/0',
,,,.
16.25
15.00
13.75 .""
.",.
..3625
3311) ."'"
.""
.(;416
."'"
.....
.44S2
.'" .."
.""
4/0'
3/0'
12.50
."'" ."'" "" .'" ."" ,
,,
, 11 .25
10.625
'Z157
."'" ."'"
.2625 ""
.2576 .""
.3147
."'"
.'" .."''"" ,,
,
10.00
9.375
.2451
.""
.'2437
."" ""
.~, .""
."" .'"
.m
.,~
.'"
.m ,
,,
8 .75 .2145
.""
.,'"
.1819
.,'" "" ."'

.,,, ,,
,,
8.125
,.'" .,'"
.1991
.",,, .1981
.m .'"
., '"
.,,, ,,
.,'"
.1443 .,~
6,815
'" .,'"
.1685 .1620
.14&3
.1285
.1144
.H.1O
.1398
.,,,
. . 144
.,,,
.H8
" 5.625 .1379

."'" .1019 .1250
"
'.00 .1225 .,,,,, .""" . 111 3 .116
.,,,
,,,,
""
""
~.375
3.75
.1072
..'"
.0919 .'''''
.....
.0915 ."""
."""
."',
."",
."", ''''
..""
.., .""
."" """
""
3. 125 .0785
" 2.8125
."'" .""" .0571 .00"' ."n ."n
,.'" ."""
..
.00" .00< 00'
"" .0613
.""
.0625
.""" ."'" .'" ."" ""
.."''' ,. "
2.25
."'''' "'''' ."'."".030" .""
.0'115
" '00
."''' ."" .."'"
.0495
."" "
'""
1.75 .0410
'"" I.'" ."'" """ ."'" .'"

.."
."'" ."'" .""
"""
.0318
" 1.375
1.25 "'"
.""" ."'" ."'" .0313
"" ",.
""" ."'" ..""

""
.",,,
1. 125
."'"
.",
.",'" .""', .1)278 .",.
.""
""
1.00 .0248
" .875 .0214

.""" .0179 om ."", "",
"" ."
.6875
.OUI4
.0169
.018 1
.0173
.0159
.0 142
.0196
.0175
.018
.016'1
.018
.016
.014
""
"" .625 .0153 .0162 .0126 .OHi6 .0143
""
.- ..
.5625 .0138 .0150 .0113 .0139 .0136 .01 3
'" .'" .0123 .0140 .OHIO .0123 .0124 .012

'"
... ........
.
.00'"
"" .4375
."", .0107 .0132 .01 10
."""
.0116 .0 10
""
... ..""".,
.0100 .01211 .0108
"" .375
.""
00"
."""
.0118
.0104
.0071
."'" ....,
.0087
.0077
.0100
."'" .00' ""
.-
.oon
" .31~ 00'"
.......'", ...., "

"" .2812
.""
." .."'......",,
.""'"
.OOM
.""" .....
'"",
....,
.00"'
."'" ""
"'"'" .,'"
.2188 ...,.
.."'"""" ."",
"'" ."'" ...,
.0052
.,"'"
- U. S. Standard Gage i~ officially a "'eight g;"Ige (in oun<:e!l per oq. ft.) baoed on wrought iron at 41'K) lb. per
c". ft. n.e values tabulated 8bov~ give the thick.,... of I t""" (at 489.6 lb. per cu. ft.) that "'ilL approri_
mat~ the respective w~'ght5. The other g;lg.,. arc officially Ihidu>eSll gages.
P lates-Over 6" 10 48" wi~, U" and thick"..; """r 48" ... ,de. 'M' and thick ....
SheetA-24" CO 48" wide, under U" thick; over 48" "'ide, undu '/.s' thick .
Strip-23",,(' and narrower, under U" t hick.
AMERICAN IN ST I TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I ON

387
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

UNITED STATES SYSTEM
LI NEAR MEASURE
I ne hes Feet Yard. Rod, Furlonp M il"
1.0 _ .08333 - ,02n8 - . 0050505 _ .0001 '2626 .. .00001578
12.0 - 1. 0
36 .0 - 3.0 1 .33333
.0 -_ ,0606061 - .00151515 - .00018939
.1818182 - ,ClCM54545 - .00056818
198.0 - 16 . 5 5.5 1.0 .025 .003125
7920. 0 - 660.0 .. 220 .0 40.0 - , .0 .125
63J60, O- 5280.0 - 1760 . 0 - 320.0 - 8. 0 -'.0
SQUARE AND LAND MEASURE
Sq. Inches Squa .. Feet Squa .. V.nil Sq. Rod, .t.c:rq Sq . Miles
1.0 - .006944 - .ooom
144 . 0 - 1.0 . 111111
1296. 0 - 9.0 1.0 033<J6 - . 000207
39204 .0 - 272 .25 30 . 25 1.0 . 00625 . 0000098
43560. 0 4840 .0 160 . 0 1.0 .0015625
3097600. 0 - 102400.0 = 640.0 _ 1.0
AVOIRDUPO I S WE I GHTS
Gr~ln. Ounce. Pound. Toni
1.0 . 03657 - .002286 - .000143 - . 00CI0000714
27 . 34375 -
437 . 5
7000.0
14000000.0
1.0
16.0
256.0
- 512000.0
1.0
-
.0625
16 . 0
- 32000.0
...
.003906 - .00000195
.0625
1.0
- 2000. 0
.00003125
- .0005
- 1.0
DRY MEASURE
Pints
1.0
Quam
.5
-- ...".
.0625
Cubic Feet
.01945
8,.. hl',
. 01563
2.0
16.0
51.4'2627
64.0
1.0
8 .0
25. 71314
32.0
1.0
. 125
3 . 21414
4.0
1.0
.03891
.3111'2
1.2445
- . 03125
.25
.80354
1.0
L IQU ID MEASURE
Gill. Pint. Q"'.rtI u. s. Gallons e",bic Feet
1.0 .25 - . 125 .03125 .00418
4 .0 1. 0 ... .5 . 125 . 01671
8.0 2. 0 1.0 ... .250 .03342
32.0 8.0 4 .0 1.0 . 1337
7.47943 1.0
METRIC SYSTEM
UNITS
Lenllth- Meter Mln- G'lm e.p.clty- Ln,.
for pure water at 4C. (39.2F.)
",tttrs (mm)_ '00 Centi!",tlm (em) ll11t1trS (dmll [meter

1 cubic decimeter or 1 liter ... 1 kilogram
m
l
1000 M illi Rtoms (mg)
film (ml)
'ten) lm
grams (cg) - 10 Deci grams (dg) _ 1 !Uam
,'m (dkm) - 10
llitm (el)
l
m"m (hm)
liIers (d!)
lmdD
\liter
l
1000 grams - 100 Deka
liters
(dkg)
film (dkl)
groms
1 Metric Ton
Hecto grams
... 1000 Kilograms

filers (hi)
(km)
(hg) - 1 Kilo frOm (kg)
fileT (kJ)
100 Square Meters 1 Are

100 Ares .. 1 Hectare
100 Hectares ... 1 Square Kilometer
AMERICAN I NSTITUTI!: OF STEEl. CONSTRUCT I ON
388
Multiply by t o ob t a in
-------1---------1
A".. ,4().1687 hectares
4.()..j687 X 10-' square kilometers
Ares. 1076.39 square feel
board feet 14~ ~. X lin. cubic inches
cubic feet
centimeters 3.28083 X 10-' fre'
.3937 inches
.. ..
cubic centimeters._ .....___ . _._. _..... 3.53145 X II}"
6.102 X 10"
cubic feel
cubic inches
.
cubic r~l
"
2.8317 X 10-4
2.8317 X 10-'
cubic centimeters
cubic melers
6.22905 ~llons. Brilish Imperial
28.3170 liten
2.38095 X 10-' tons. British Shipping
.025 tons, U. S. Shipping
cubic inches 16.38716 cubic centimeters
cubic mcte~ 35.31,15 cubic feel
1.30794 cubic yards
cubic rards _. ... .7&1559 cubic meters
degreES, angular......... _... _.. _ _.. , .0174533 radians
d~~, Fahr~nheit (less 32 F.) .5556 degrees, Centigrade
CentlgTade.. ......... .. ___ ._. 1.8 degrees, Fahrenheit (less 32 F.)
(oot pounds. ._ .13826 kilOlV3m meten
.
f.... 30.4801
.JO.lBOI
centLmeters
me',"
JI)1.801 millimeters
1.&1168 X 10-' miles, nautical
.160538 cubic feet
1.20091 g;aHons. U. S.
1.5-1596 litCl"$
gallons. U. 5 .... ___ ..... ,....... :~:::: :::=::=::::
. "
.832702
.13368
gallons. British Imperial
cubic feel
231. cubic inches
3.78543 liters
grams, metric 2.2Q.162 X 10-' pounds. avoirdupois
hectares, 2.47 104 acres
1.076387 X 10-' ~uare feet
3.86101 X 10-' square miles
horse-power. metric .98632 horse-power. t..:. S.
horse-power, U. S. 1.01387 honie-JXlwcr. metric
inches 2.54001 centimeters
2.5-1001 X 10-' meten
" 25. ~OOl millimeters
2.20462 pounds
9.8-1206 X 10-a long tons
1.10231 X 10-' short tons
kilogram meters 7.233 fOOL pounds
kilogmmll per meter .67\972 pounds per foot
kilograms per lKJuare t"entimeter \1.2234 pounds per square inch
ki1~ms ~; sq~~re me~~r .204817 pounds per square foot
9.14362 X 10-' long tons per !Ifware foot
ki~ms ~.r sq~rc mill~ter 1122.34 pounds per square inch
.63<1973 long tons per \K!uaTC inch
kilograms per cubic !l1(:ter 6.U283 X 10-' pounds per cubLc foot
kilometers .62137 miles, statute
.53959 miles. nautical
AMERICAN IN S TITUT f: OF STEEl. CONSTRUCT I ON

389
M u ltiply by to obtain
liten ........ _............. .219975 gallons, British Imperial

.2&117 gallons. U. S .
3.53145 X 10. 2 cubic feet
.-
meters _______ .................. 3.28083 f~t
39.37 inches
1.09361 vards
miles. statute 1.60935 kilometm
miles. nautical
miles. nauticaL~.~::-~::_. GOBO.2o.l fret
1.85325 kilometers
l.1516 miles, statute
millimeters .__ .. 3.28083 X 10- 2 f~t
3.937 X 10- 2 inches
453.592 grams. metric
,453592 kilograms
4,461 X 10- 4 tons. long
4.53592 X 10.4 tons, metric
pounds per foot __.. . 1.48816 kilograms per meter
pounds per square foot _______ .. _ 4.88241 kilograms per square meter
])()unds per square inch . 7.031 X 10-' kilograms per square centimeter
" " " " 7.031 X 10-4 kilograms per square mil!imeter
pounds per cubic foot 16.0HW kilograms per cubic meter
radians ..... 57.29578 degrees. angular
square centimeters _._. .1550 square inches
sq~are r~t 9.29034 X 10-4
9.29034 X 10-
.0929034
""
hectares
square meters
sq~re i~.ches ____ _ 6.45163 square centimeters
&15.163 square millimeters
SQ?;are kil~~eters 247.10.1
.3861 '''''
square miles
SQ1f.are m~~ers ...... . 10.7639 square feet
1.19599 square yards
SQ1!,are m,i,les ,... __ _ 259.0 hectares
2.590 square kilometm
square millimeten .. __ . __ ..... ,............. ___. 1.550 X 10" square inches
square yards_ .. _._._ ......... _........................... .83613 square meters
1016.05 kilograms
2240. pounds
1.01605 tons. metric
1.120 tons. short
tons. long, per square foot ........ __ 1.09366 X 10' kilograms per square meter
tons. long. per square inch .... . 1.57491 kilograms per square millimeter
tons, metric . 2204.62 pounds
.98421 tons. long
1.10231 tons, short
lons. short .... 907.185 kilograms
., " .892857 tons, long
.907185 tons. metric
to~s, Bri.~i sli-ShipHirig 1
... 42.00 cubic feet
..... 1 .952381 tons. U. S. Shipping
to~s. U ...S. Shi~ping .. ___ .
_
....-_.... _.......... ........'
40.00
1.050
cubic feet
tons, British Shipping
yards ... __ .,.. __ ... __ ........... '.................... . .914102 meters
AMER1CAN I NST1TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

3 90
DECIMALS OF A FOOT
FOR EACH 32ND OF AN INCH
Inch 0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5"
0 0 .0633 .1667 .2500 .3333 .4167

lji .0026 .0859 .1693 .2526 .3359 .4193
lfo .0052 .0885 .1719 .2552 .3385 .4219
!{, .0078 .0911 .1745 .2578 .34 11 .4245
)i .0104 .0938 1771 .?004 .3438 .4271

!{, . .0130 .0964 .1797 .2530 .3464 .4297
.0156 .0990 .1823 .2556 .3490 .4323
'"""
.0182 . 1016 .1849 .2582 .3516 .4349
li .0208 .1042 .1875 .2708 .3542 .4375

!{, .0234 .1068 .1901 .2734 .3568 .4401
.0260 .1094 .1927 .2760 .3594 .4427
""
% .0286 .1120 .1953 .2786 .3620 .4453
li .0313 ,1'46 .1979 .2812 .3645 .4478

% .0339 .1172 .2005 .2839 .3672 .4505
'"""
.0365 ,1198 .2031 .21165 .3698 .4531
.-
,0391 .1224 .2057 .289 \ .3724 .4557
li .0417 .1250 .2063 .2917 .3750 .4583
.''.%
%
.0443
.0469
.0495
.1276
.1302
.1328
.2109
.2135
.2161
.2943
.2969
.2995
.3776
.3802
.3828
.4635
.4661
li
%
.0521
.0547
. 1354
.1380
.2188
.2214
.3021
.3047
.3354
.3880
.....
.4714
' lfo .0573 .1406 .2240 .3073 .3906 .4740
% .0599 ,1432 .2266 .3099 .3932 .4766
.0625 .1458 .3958 .4792

"
.2292 .3125
% .0051 .1484 .2318 .3151 .3984 .4818
.-
' ,," .Olm .\510 .2344 .3177 .4010 .4844
f!U .0703 .1536 .2370 .3203 .4036 .4870
Ji .0729 .1563 .2396 .3229 .4063

"..,
',,"
.0755
.0781
.1589
.1615
.2422
,2448
.3255
.3281
.4089
.4115
.4922
.4948
% .0807 .1641 .2474 .3307 ,414\ .4974
A M ER ICAN I NSTITUTE: OF" STEEL CO N STRUCTION

39 1
DECIMALS OF A FOOT
FOR EACH 32ND OF AN INCH
,
Inch 6" 7" 8" 9" '0" 11 "
I
0 .5000 .5833 .6667 .7500 .8333 .9167
~ .5026 .5859 .6693 .7526 .8359 .91 93
~ .5052 .5885 .6719 .7552 .8385 .9219
~ .5078 .5911 .6745 .7578 .841 1 .9245
)i .5104 .5938 .6771 .7604 .8438 .9271

~ .5130 .5964 .6797 .7630
....,
.8464 .9297
.9323
"
.5156 .5990 .6823 .7656
~ .5182 .6016 .6849 .7682 .8516 .9349
,.
"
){
%
,.
.5208
.5234
.5260
.5266
.5313
.-
.6042
.6068
.6120
.6146
.6875
.6901
.6927
.6953
.6979
.7708
.7734
.7700
.7786
.7813
.-
B542
B568
.86"
.8646
.9375
.9401
.94Z7
.9453
....'"
% .5339 ,6112 .7005 .7839 .8672 .9505
.8698 .9531
"
.5365 .6198 .703 1 .7865
% .5391 .6224 .7057 .7891 .a724 .9557
)4 .5417 .6250 .7083 .7917 .8750 .9583

% .5443 .6276 .7109 .7943 .8776 .grog
!. .5469 .6JO'1 .7135 .7969 .8802 .9635
% .5495 .6328 .7161 .7995 .8828 .9661
,. .5521 .6354
.6380
.7188 .8021
.... 7
.8854 .9688
.9714
2~' .5547 .7214 .8880
".
%
){
.5573
.5599
.5625
.6400
.6432
.6458
.7240
.7266
.7292
.8073
.8099
.8125
.8906
.8932
.8958
.9740
.9766
.9792
% .5651 .64" .7318 .8151 .8984 .9818
uiiI .5677 .6510 .7344 .8177 .9010 .9844
% .5703 .6536 .7370 .8203 9036 .9870
li
",.;
u~
.5729
.5755
.5781
.6563
.6589
.6615
.7396
.7422
.7448
.am
.8255
.8281
.,.,
.9063
.
.91 15
.9896
.....
.9922
% .5807 .5641 .7474 .8307 .9141 .9974

I
AMERICAN IN S TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
39.
DECIMALS OF AN INCH
FOR EACH 64TH OF AN INCH
W ITH MILLIMETER ECUIVA LE NTS
,,- ",.tN ......... M ,II,rrw!"

1_ . 1 ,,- ".~
000_
T
_..
M,IL-.
1 .015625 0.397 33 .515625 13_097

lj; 2 .03125 0.794 % 34 .53125 13.494
~
3

.046875
.0625
.078125
1.191
1.588
1.984
'. 35
36
37
.546875
.5625
.578125
13.891
1,4.288
1'1.684
lj; 6 .09375 2.381 % 38 .59375 15.081
7 .109375 2.778 39 .609375 15.478
)i 8 .125 3.175 )i 40 .625 15.875
9 .1040625 3.5n 41 .640625 16.272
"
1. .15625 3.969 % 42 .65625 16.669
"
11
12
13
.171875
.1875
.203125
'.366
4.763
5.159
". ...
43
45
.671875
.6875
.703125
17.066
17.463
17.859
'.556
""
lj; 14 .21875 46 .71875 18....
'.953
'. " .234375
.Z50
47 .734375 18.fW
'"
16 6.350 48 .750 19.050
6.7""
... 17 .265625 .9 .765625 19.~7
""",
18 .28125 7.1<4" 50 .78125 19.844
!.
19
20
.296875
.3125
7.541
7.938 "" .796875
.8125
20.241
20.638
%
21
22
.328125
.304375
8 334
8.731
9.128
% "" .828125
.84375
2 1.034
21.431
)i
23
24
.359375
,375 9.525 )i 56" .859375
.875
21.828
22.225
% "
Z6
.390025
.40625
9.922
10.319 % 58" .890625
.90625
22.622
23.019
'.
27 ,42'875 10.716 59 .9'21875 23."16
28 .4375 11.113 I ~" 60 .9375 23.813
29 ."5]125 11 .509 61 .953125 2".209

% 30 .<46875 11.906 % 62 .96875 24.606
)i
31
32 ....
.04&4375 12.303
12.700
63
64
.9&4375
1.000
25.003
25....
"""II:RICAN INSTITUTII: 0"- STEEL CONSTRUCTION

39 3
I N DE X
p,,,
A.A.5.l\l, Pennissible Variations {or Plates over two inches thick..__ ... _........... . 76
A.I.S.C. Code of Standard Practice . _ _ _ _ . ....... _.......... . 219-299
A.I.S,C. Specification for Fireproofing Structural Steel Buildings ._,_ 300-307
A.l.S.C. Specification for the Design, Fabrication, and Erection of Struc-
tural Steel for Buildings._. ............. . . ... .... , ..... _.... __ .... . 259-278
Allowable loads on angles used as beams .. _ ,......................_.... . 206-207
" . . " base plates 239-2<11
beam connections 242-250
beams, explanation of tables 174- 175
" American Standard 191-197
mi~.:ellanoous 198-200
Wide Flange 177-190
bolts ... _ 252-253
channels used as beams 201205
columns, explanation of tables._ . 208-209
" American Standard beams used as 223
~~l~=s~~:~~~ .
~~~~.~.~~::=::~...
pipe. .. ____ ..................... __ . __ ............... . 238
211213
224225
plate and angle ............................................ _..... . 226-235
Wide Flange.. . .............................. _..................... 214222
pins.. 251
rivets .. 252
Allowable unit stresses, see A.l.S.C. Specification
Allo~'able u~~t str~ f?:r ~m.s and gir~ers.... _ .. __ _... . 126, 176
.. bUlldmg matenals..... ____ .............. . 330
columns-............. . .. _, ... _............. __ ........ . 127,210
.. timber ___ .___ ._ ................................ _...... . 336-337
American Standard beams. allowable loads on 191-197
.. .. .. beam connections for ... ....................... . 158
dimensions, weights and properties......................... . 2629
method of increasing area and weight. ___ .... _...... . 68
rolling and CUlling tolerances for.. _ .......... _.... 71
used as columns. allowable loads on _.................... . 223
Ame,~ican Sta~~ard chan,~els, allO ....'<lble loa~s on ................... __ ... _.. _...... . 201-205
beam connections for .... __ ___ ... _._ .... _._ ......... _.... . 158
dimensions. weights and properties_ ......... . 3437
method of increasing area and weighL_ ............ . 68
rolling and cutting tolerances for.. __ .............. _.... . 12
Anchor bolts ... _, ...... ,..... _. ______ .................. _.... . ........... _.... _ .. __ ......... _ 159
Anchors. waU and government.. ... ______ ___ .. __ ................... 159
Angles, beam connection ........................... _... ............ _.......... __ .................. _ 156-158
" effective net areas of _ ........... _.. _.... _................ __ ..... _ 117-121
gages in............. _.... _ .. _....... __ ... _........ 164
method of increasin~ area and weigh t .... _................................................ 68
.. properties and weig IS of double... . ....... _.. _......... _ .........................
properties and weights, regular series.. . .................. _... .
133-135
38-43
properties for girder design ___ .. __ ._______ ._________ ... __ ........................ __ .............. lOS
rolhng and cutting tolerances fOL .. __ .............................. _................ __ ...... 73
used as beams. allowable loads on ........................................................... . 206207
Angle struts, omission of allowable loads on.... . ..... _.... _..... _....... _.. 237
" "radii of gyration o f two .... _............................ 133-135
Arcs of circles, length oL. ..... _. ............................. _............ _... _._._ .. . 341
Area and weight of stnlctural sections. method of increasing..... _....... _....__ ... _... 68
Area of angles, Effective neL .. _._ ............. _........ .. 117-121
.. :: b,ars. round and sq uare ___ . _ ___ ._............ ___ ... _... __ ................ _........ . 78-79
circles. .... ____ .................................................... _..... _._ .... _.. . 364-385
.. rectangular sections .. _..... _........ _.. _.......... _........... _ 84-87
.. riveted tension members. net ......................... _._ _____ ....................... . 122
.. rivet holes. reduction for ............................................................... _........... 123
AMERICA N I N STITUTE O F STEEL CONST R UCT IO N

3.4
Pa.ge
Areas, moment of inertia of unit . __ ._... _... __ . ,.... ........ .....___. __ .... 105-107
A.S.T.l\1, Permissible Variations of Structural Sections and Plates ............ _.... . 74-75
A.S.T.M. Specifications for Steel for Bridges. A7-36 ____ ... _...... _. 308-31,1
A.S.T.M. Specifications for Steel for Buildings. A9-36 _....... __ ._........ _.... 315-32 1
A.S:r.M. Specifications for Structural Rivet SteeL AI" 1-36 __ ................ . 322324
A.W.S. Code for Fusion Welding and Gas Cutting Structural Steel. extracts
from ... _ ................ _.... _............... _ ..... _.... _ 325-326
Bars, area and weight of round and square. ... _........ _.... . 78-79
" definition 01... .............. _.. .................... _....... _..... . 64
upset square and round ......... _ ... . 144-145
~.se pla,t,es. allo.wab\e loads on _.. ...................................... . 239-241
design of.. ....... _......... _ _'._ ..... ,....... . 137
permissible variations in thickness of 7476
rolling mill practice.. 66
section moduli oL._., 66
standard rolled sizes oL.__ _ 66
Beam anchors ... __ .. _ ............................. . 159
Beam bearing plates. see Ikaring plates.
~ conn~,tions. aHowablt: loads on. .......... . ___ _._.____ ___ __ ._..... 242-250
explanation of use In tables .. _................. .. ___ ___ ........... .. 175
weight and minimum spans oC ......................... _..... _........ 156-158
Beam flexure formulas and diagram!t .. _..... __ _......................... 350-363
.. seats, stiffened... ____ .......... ........ . ........................... 250
" separators. ................ _........... _" .... .. .... _... ............................... . 159
Beams, allowable loads on, see Allowable loads.
,. allowable unit stresses... _.. _. .............. ..................................... _........... .. 126, 176
angles used as, allowable loads on..................................................... . 200-207
cam~ings of ~olled... .. ..._._.. _...... _..... __ __ ... _........ _..... . 69
detailing practlce_ ............................... _................................._.. . 154-155
dimensions, weights and properties. American Standard ... . 26-29
" "" " miscellaneous ............... 30-33
Wide Flange. .................... .. 14-25
economy of sections used as....................... ... ... ,.... . 89-97
Bea,~ing pl<l;~es, defl?ition oL. ___ .... _......... .............. ....... ........ ............. . 64
design of.. ................. _.......................................................... _....... 136
permissible variations in thickness or....... ___ _...................... _.. . 7476
rolling mill practice.. _................................... _.. _ ...... ___ ............. _... 66
" ~tiulL lIloUuli uf ... 66
standard rolled sizes of 66
Bending factors. explanation oL .. 208
Blocks... _........................ . ... _....... _...... 155
~I,ts, allowable loads on.... . ............ ..... ____ ....... 252-253
anchoT. _........ _.................................................................... _ ................ . 159
dimensions of ....... 168-169
swedge. .. _.............. _........................................ . 159
weight of .............. _......................................... . 170-171
Brackets. design of 254-255
Buckle plates. design and standard sizes of ... . 152
Buckling of beam webs . ..... ........ ... . 126. 176
Building materials, coefficients of expansion of .. 331
" "strength of _... _ . 330
weights and specific gravities of... 332-333
Bureau of Standards. Minimum Live Loads..... 327-328
Ca~ber , plates '; ................................................................... _...................... . 76

structural sections. .. __ ................... , ................ ,., ............................... __ 70-73
beams. minimum length to__ .................................... 69
Carbuilding channels. dimensions, weights and properties __ ... _........................ 54-57
.. .. met hod of increasing area and weight _ .. _.. _............... .. 68
rolling and cutting tolerances for ... ........ _. __..... 72
Center ~ill sect ion.. __ ....... .... .... ............................. ............ _....... __.. 36-57
Channels. allowable loads on .................................................. _................. 201-205
.. dimensions. weights and ]>roperties. American Standard._. 34-37
" ".. .. Car and Shipbuilding 5457
" " Lightweight.. ........... . 36-37
AMERICAN INSTITUTE Of' STEEL CONSTRUCTION

395
Pag.
Chann{'ls. method of increasing area and weight of 68
.. rolling and cutting tolerances for 72
Checkered plates. available sizes and weights 65
Circles. circumference of 3&1-385
. length of circular arcs 341
properties of 340
Clam!)'>, crane rail .. _.. __ .. _,_,_ ____ ........... _._ 139
Clearance, field rivet and erection . 160-161
Clearance for driving rivets ... _ 161. 164-165
Clevises. dimensions and weights of 140
Code for Fusion Welding and Gas Cutting Structural Steel. Extracts from
A.W.S. 325326
Code of Standard Practice, A. I.S.C. 279-299
Coefficients {or designing eccentric connections 255
Coefficients of expansion___. _ _ _ 331
Column anchors ... _, 159
Column base plates, see Base plates.
Column web connections. clearances for 160
Columns. allowable loads on. see Allowable loads.
" allowable unit st resses {or.......... ._.. _.. _.. _........... 127,210
dimensions, wei?:hls and properties. cover 1)lated Wide Flange 128-129
" ... .. miscel aneous. _. . 30-33
pipe. __ ................. _ 147
plate and angle. _ ...... _._ ............. _. 130-132
subway.... ........ _..... __ ........ 58-59
Wide Flange.. .... .............. 20-25
field rivet clearances for ....... _................... , _ ................... _........... 160
Connections. allowable loads on ________ . __ _.. __ .. 242-250
.. eccentric._.. _._.... _._ .................................................... _.... ,... _. 254-255
seated and wind bracing ........................... _.. _........................ 154-155.250
.. weight and minimum spans oL. .. __ .... ................. . ...... __.. 156-158
Continuous beam formulas and diagrams __ .............. _................... 339. 360. 362-363
Conversion factors. weights and measures ............ _................... ........ 388-389
COpes,.. ____ ................... _. ...... ............. _... _........ _.... _.. _.. _.. _............ _ 155
Corrugated sheet metal, dimensions. weights and use of... _ __ ..... _._._......... 150-151
Cotter pins. dimensions and weighL .~ ........... _............ _......................... __ ..... _._ .. _ 142
~~~:i~Faie~r~;ide Fla'i{gc co-i~~ns:aTio;~;;ible loads on_~::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::=::: 211JU
" " .. .. . dimensions. weights and properties 128-129
Crane rails and fastenings, dimensions. weights and properties .. _ 138-139
Crippling of beam webs ........ _. __ .. _... _...... ......... ,.......... ............................. 174
Cuts, beam flange ..... ,. . ........................ _....... __ . 160
.. detailing practice ,................ , ..... __ ......... _ 155
Cutting tolerances. plates. . . . . . .._........... _...... 64. 76
.. " structural sections.. __ '. __ .................... _..... ___ . 70-73
Dimensions. see specifiC item.

~~:l! ~~ ::~~o~iilic~im~~~ ~~~;';~j~n~~: ...... ::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::::=::: 390-~
Deflection. American Standard beams .. _..... _.. _._. __ ._. ___ ...... _.. _. __ ._...
191-197
.. American Standard channels.,.................................. ...................... 201-205
Wide Flange beams. .. ..._.... _.. _........ __ . __ .... __ ._... _.. _.......... _.......... 177-190
formulas fof..._ _ ... .. .... .... _...... _...... _... 175. 350-359
Designation of rolled steel sections on drawings, method of ................ _._..... II
Detailing practice .......... _.... _.. _...... _............... _...................... _....... 154-171
Drill gages._ ......................... ___ ........ _. _.. _............... _. ___ .. __ ... _....... _ 154
Eccentric connections, design oC .......................... _............ _...... _...... _.... _...... ___ .. . 254-255
Expansion. coefficients of _ ............ _.......................... _..................................... _..... 331
Eye bars............................ _.... __ .... _ ...... _.. _.... __ ... _.......... _ ......... _ ...... _. .._.......... .. 143
Fastenings for crane rails. dimensions and weights... _...... _................................ _ 139
F ireproofing. A.I.S.C. Specification for _ ,...................... _....................... . 300-307
Flame cut plates. tolerances for _____ .. _. _____ . _____ .. __ ._ ....... _.. __ ._ ..... _._. ___ ... __ .. __ __ 76
Flange slope. rolled steel sections_............................................................................ . 10- 11
Formulas for beam flexu re_ .. ___ .............. _.. __ ...... _...... _._ ........ _._ .. _.. __ .. _........ _ 350-363
Formulas for Mechanics of Materials ........................................................... 339
AMERI CA N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONST R UCTION

39.
Page
Formulas for properties of V<lrious sections 343-349
Formulas. Trigonometric 34:!
Functions of numbers... 36,!..J8!i
Gages and clearances for structural rivets

Gages for angles..,
Gages, standard driB and punch
,."
l&t-l6!i
15<1
3.\(;
Gages. wire and sheet metal. .
Gi~.crs, allo;wable uni t stresses 126,17G
deslf{n oL.. ... 99-10l!
spacmg of stiffeners. 124-12!i
tables for design of 103-10B
tables of plate and angle 109-IIS
Half center sill sect ion ...
Inch, decimal and millimeter equivalents for fractions of an ....
Kip, definition of
Lateral deflection of beams. explanation of... ........ _ ........................_._............ Wi
Length of circular aWL .. 341-
Length ratio, explanation of . .. 209
Li ve loads. Bureau of Standards Recommended Minimum. 327-328
.. .. recommended warehouse .................................. . 334-33:i
Logarithms of numbers ... _____ ... _...... __ .......... __ ........ _.. _ 36,!-~j
Loop rods, dimensions oL ........................._................. _...... _ ..................... _......... . Wi
Lumber, see Timber.
Materials, coefficients of expansion oL.... _....... .... _......_.......................................... 33L
.. strength of __ ... _.... __ ._ .. __ ... _.. _____ ....... _................................ _._____... 330
weights and specific gravities oL. ___ ........ _._ .............. _.. _.. 332-33.3
Materials. Mechanics of. frequently used formulas... __ .... ............... 33<1
Measu res and weights" ___ ..... . 386-3~!
Millimeter ~uivalents for fractions of an inch.. _._ ............. _ :.r.!
Milling of Wide Flange col umn sections. allowances for ,.... _. 70
Minimum live loads. Bureau of Standards. ...................................., 327-328
Moment of inertia. design of l)late girders by.............. _._ ....... _.......................... , 99-10l!
.. .. .. of four angles_ ......... _........ __ 108
of unit areas, _ ................. _..................... _.. ..... \05-IO?
of web plates._ ............................ _............................................ 1 03- 1 ~1
Moving loads. formulas and diagrams for. .. __ ............. _..................................._..... 36."1
Nomenclature. sta ndard_.. _.... _............. _..... _... ____ ....................... _........... . 7
Numbers. functions oL............. ....................... _...._..... _ ............. . 36438S
P i. values of functions oL. .... _..................................... . 340

Pin nuts. recessed, dimensions and weights.. 14 ~!
Pins. allowable loads on.. ...... __ ._ ... _....... _ .......................... . 251.
.. cotter. dimensions and weights ................................... , 14~!
p~pe, dimensions. weights and properties,.. . ...................... 14?
Pipe. columns. allowable loads on,.. _, .... _._ ......... _...... _... 238
Pipe railing fi ttings. dimensions and weights_.. _... _........... _. 148-149
Pipe railing. Wpical details of "' _".'_" " ,... 162-16."1
Plate and angle columns. allowable loads on., 226-23S
" .. .. .. properties and weights. __ 130-1:r.;!
Plates. allowable loads on col umn base __ 239-241.
.. area of rectangular 8<18;7
available sizes of . 6~;
base and bearing. design of. . 136_13;7
.. .. rolli ng mil! practice 6(i
section moduli table for 66
standard roned sizes of 66
buckle. design and standard sizes of I ~!
checkered EKi
definition of 6<1
moment of inertia of web ............ __ ............_._._ 103-104
AMERICA N INST ITUTE OF STEEl. CONS TR UC TION

397
Plates. reduction of area of ... _........ .

""ge
123
" rolling and cutting tolcmnces for . 76
.. weight of rectangular ... , SO-83
Plate girders, see Girders.
Properties. see specific item.
Properties of various sections __ 343-349
Punch gages, detailing practice . 1>1
Radii of gyra tion of two angles 133-135
Railing details..................... . ... , 162-163
Railing fitti~, dimensions and weights___ __ , _ __ 148-149
Rails and splices. dimensions. weights and properties. 138-1 39
Recessed pin nuts, dimensions and weights.... ... . 142
Regular series rolled structural seclions. ,. ____ ...__ ...... __........... 13-51
Rivet groups und er eccentric application of load ___ , . 254-255
Rivet Steel, Specifications for Structural; A.S.T.r.1. A141-36 322-324
Rivets, allowable loads on.... _... __.___ .___..... ___ __ .... 252-253
" clearances. dimensions. gages. sy mbols 164-165
erection clearances _____ ..... _... _............ . 160161
length and weight oL ............... _........ . 166-167
net area of riveted tension members. 122
reduction of area for rivet holes ................ . 123
Rolled struct ural sections. generaL....... . lO-ll
Rolling mill practice ........... _.................... . 67-76
Rolling tolerances, plates... _.... _........... . 74-76
. . structural sections.. . 70-74
Roofing. corrugated sheets used as ... _ ............. 150-151
Round bars. area and weight of ... . .. . 78-79
., "with upset screw ends.. . 145
Screw th reads. dimensions or... ... 168

Section moduli, table of economy for !leCtions used as beams 89-97
Separators, beam ... _................. . 159
Shear. allowable web 126, 176
Shea;~ pla~. avail ~l?le sizes.. 65
defimtlon of _.__ .. _...... __... ,_ .. _.............. . 64
pennissible variations in thickness ....... _.. ............... 74-76
Shearing stresses in beams ... , ................................ _.. _... _....... . 174
Sheet metal and wire gaG"es . ,....... __.... _............. _ ..... _. _ .................... 386
Shipb~ilding cha~~ls. dimensions: weigh.ts and propertie.s . .... _........... _.. _. 54-57
method of Increasmg area and welghL_ .............. _....... 68
rolling and cutting tolerances for.. .___ ........................ . 72
Siding, corrugated sheets used as .............................................. _ .... _............. . 150-151
sm sections... ___.................. __ .... _._........_.. _... 56-57
Sleeve nuts. dimensions and weights 1<1
Special series rolled structural sections ... 53-61
Specific gravities of various substances ... __ ._ 332333
Splice bars for crane rails. dimensions and weights 139
Square bars, area and weight of ... 78-79
" "with upset screw ends 144
Stair railing details .. . . _ 162-163
Steel. coefficients of exp.1nsion of ... , 331
" st rength of ... , . .. ..... ... __ . 330
Steel for Bndges, Specifications for: A.S.T.M. A736 __... _... _ 308-3 14
Steel for Buildings, Specifications for: A.S.T.M. A9-36 . 315-321
Steel. Structu ral Rivet. Specifications for: A,S.T.M. Al..\l -36 322-324
Stiffened beam seats 2SO
Stiffener spacinB: chart _.- _ -..- 125
St iffeners, Spacm~ of plate girder 124
Strength of matenals .... 330
Stresses, see Allowable unit stresses.
Structural sections. general ......... ..... . ... _ 1O-1l
,. "rolling and cutting tolerances for 70-73
Structural tees ... _.... _-. ___ ........ , ................... _.................. _.... . 44-51
Struts. double angle: omission of allowable loads" ... _..... _...... _... _.... _....... _......... . 237
" double angle: radii of gyra tion of .... _........... . 133-135
Stub ends. dimensions of ..... _...... _........... . .. _ ............... _._ ..... _........... 146
A M ERICAN I N S TIT UTE OF STEEL CON S TRUCTION

3"
Page
Subway oolumns. dimensions, weights and properties SB-59
Swedge 00It5... ___ .__ , . . ... 159
Symbols, fu sion welding 326
.. list of standard 164
rivel.. ... 7
structural section. for drawings __ ....... _...... _............ 11
Tees, dimensions. weights and properties ' .. ' .... _.. _... _ 60
" structural, dimensions. weights and properties 44-51
rolling and culling tolerances for.. __ .... .._... 71
Thickness gages. wire and sheet meta1... ............ _.. _ 386
Tie roo!;. ___ .. _......... __ _ .. __ .... _........ _ 159
Timber. alJowable unit stresses _.......... _........... . 336-3.'i7
.. dimensions. weights and I)i'operties 338
Tolerances for plates...__ _... _.... _.. _.. _ .. '._.. _.......... . 74-76
.. .. structural sections ... _._._ ................ _._ .. 70-74
T rigonometric fonnula!L.. ._ _ _.......... _...... _. ....................... 342
Turnbuckles. dimensions and weights of _~_..... ....... _... _._ .............. _.... , 141
Unit areas. Moment of Inertia oL. ___ _._ .. _.... ...... _.... _...... _.. __ .... _... _. 105-107
Universal mill plates. available si7-t!S of.. __ ._______ ._ .... _...... _........................ . 65
.. .. .. definition of ,.. .._.. _...... . &l
pennissible variation in thickness for _ 74-76
Upset screw ends._._ ............ _.. _..... .. __ ..... _.. _.. 144-t.16
\Varehouse live loads........... _... _... _.... _._ ...... _........................ _........ _..... _................... 334-335
Waler, ooefficients of expansion oL. __ ........ _ ........ _........ __..... _. __... __ ...... _...... 331
Web criPl>ling. explanatIOn of.. ... _.............. _......... _... _.. _............. _._ ........ __ ......... . 174-175
Weights. see specific item.
\Veights and measures........ _.................. _.......... _.._....................... _.__.__.. _........... 386-392
Weight tolerances. corrugated sheet s .. _____ ._.... _......... _.............................._._. ____ ... . lSO-151
.. " plates __. ______ .. _.......... _.. _................ _..... _................. _..... _.... 74-76
structural sections_. __._.... __. ___ . __ ._....... __ .. _.__ . __ ...... _...................... . 70-74
Welding Code, extracts from A.W.S. Code for Fusion Welding...... _........ _...... . 325
" symbols, fusion. .. ______ ._...................... .... _ .. , .. _..... . 326
Wide Flange sections, dimensions, weights and properties. ... _.......... _...... _... 14-25
.. " .. method of increasing area and weighL_ .............. _.... . 68
rolling and cutting tolerances for . ..... ... _............ 70
structural tees cut from ............_....... ,................. _....... 44-51
used as beams, allowable loads on. ___ .. __ .. _ .... _.......... 177-190
".. .. cambering of.. __ ..... _....... 69
connections {or. .......................... . 156-157
.... .. flange cuts for column web connections 160
used as columns. allowable loads on... __ . ......... . .. . 214-222
" allowances for milling _ .. _.... _.... .. 70
rivet clearances fOL .. 160
variations in dimensions and properties. 10
Wide Flange sections with cover plates. allowable lOads 00. 211-213
" .. .. .. .. .. dimensions. weights and properties. 128-129
Wire and sheet metal gages... __ ..... ... _.. _._ .............. _..... . 386
lees, dimensions, weights and properties... , 61
.. method of increasing area and weight 68
rolling and cutting tolerances for.. 73
AM E R ICA N I N ST I TU T E OF S T EEL CO N ST R UCT ION

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R03-01 5904

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American Institute of Steel Construction

A Manual for Ar chit ects, Engi nee rs and

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT IO~

A M ERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION

AME~ICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONST~UCT'ON

Since the Manual of the Institute of Steel Construction is

AME;RICAN 1NSTIT UTE OF STEEL. CON STRUCTI O N

Deviations from the above symbols are indicated at the places

AMERIC;;AN IN STIT UT E OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION

The matt~r contained in this Manual has been arranged to

Furthermore, in order that the designer may concentrate

PART I contains the data most frequently referred to by

PART II contains the data most frequently required in making

PART III gives tables of allowable loads for stipulated con ~

PART IV assembles those standard specifications and codes

PART V contains in tabulated form various data that may be

AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I O N

Part I contains the data most frequently referred to by struc-

ROLLED STEEL STRU CTURAL SECTIONS

GENERAL INFORMATION ON BARS AND PLATES

ROLLING M I LL PRACT ICE

MISCELLAN EOUS DATA FOR DES IGN I NG AND ESTI MATI NG

ECONOMY TABLES FOR SECT I ONS USED AS BEAMS

TABLES FOR DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDERS

D I MENS I ONS. WEIGHTS AND PROPERT I ES. OF PLATE A N D ANGLE

NET SECTION OF RIVETED TENS I ON MEMBERS

SPACING OF PLATE GIRDER ST I FFENERS

D IMENSIONS. WE I GHTS. AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOUND

WEIGHTS AND PROPERT I ES OF TWO ANGLES

BEAR I NG PLATE AND BASE PLATE DESIGN

CRANE RAILS AND FASTEN I NGS

EYE BARS AND STRUCTURAL ACCESSORIES

A .... EFlICAN IN S TITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI O N

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS AND PROPERTIES

ROLLED STEEL STRUCTURAL SECTIONS

Structural Sections are presented in Part I in two groupings,

AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF STEEl. CONSTRUCT I ON

All American Standard Beam and Channel Sections have a slope

Wide Flange Sections 14-25 24 \/oF 74

The abbreviations exemplified above are intended only for use

AMERIC" N INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

AMERICA N 1N S TITUT E OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

REGULAR SERIES SECTIONS

"Regular" W (Wide Flange) Sections can be furnished

Under the grouping "Special" Sections. pages 53 to 61, are

A M !,;RIC"' '''' IN S TIT UTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING xf y

See P3it 10 for method of designation.

AMERICAN I NSTI TU T E 01" STEEL. CONS T RUCT I ON

DI MENSIONS FOR D ETA i Li NG

,,- ---,-- -- ---- -- --

33x15;1{ 240 33)1 1% ,." 7)1 2,. 37Ji 3Ji )1 51i

33x l 1M 152 33)111% 1;'; 5)1 351i 3 5)1

30 X10J1 132 30)( 10)1 I Ji ,.,. 5 26Ji p~ 32Ji 3 % 5)1

Calle I, is bouM on k + 1).(". to near",! M".

A M E RI CA N I N S TIT U T E O P S T EE L CONS TR UCTIO N

I F'ROPERTI ES FOR DESIGNING

See page 10 for ITW!lhod ot designation.

...It,, .......... +Tl

, -oj , D IMENSIONS FOR DETAiLiNG I

,", co. '". '".