Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
8571
+HDOWK%HQHWVRIMoringa oleifera
MINI-REVIEW
+HDOWK%HQHWVRIMoringa oleifera
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis1,2*, Muhammad Din Ibrahim2, Saie Brindha Kntayya2
Abstract
3K\WRPHGLFLQHVDUHEHOLHYHGWRKDYHEHQHWVRYHUFRQYHQWLRQDOGUXJVDQGDUHUHJDLQLQJLQWHUHVWLQFXUUHQW
research. Moringa oleifera is a multi-purpose herbal plant used as human food and an alternative for medicinal
purposes worldwide. ,WKDVEHHQLGHQWLHGE\UHVHDUFKHUVDVDSODQWZLWKQXPHURXVKHDOWKEHQHWVLQFOXGLQJ
QXWULWLRQDODQGPHGLFLQDODGYDQWDJHV. Moringa oleifera contains essential amino acids, carotenoids in leaves, and
FRPSRQHQWVZLWKQXWUDFHXWLFDOSURSHUWLHVVXSSRUWLQJWKHLGHDRIXVLQJWKLVSODQWDVDQXWULWLRQDOVXSSOHPHQW
or constituent in food preparation. Some nutritional evaluation has been carried out in leaves and stems. An
important factor that accounts for the medicinal uses of Moringa oleiferaLVLWVYHU\ZLGHUDQJHRIYLWDODQWLR[LGDQWV
DQWLELRWLFVDQGQXWULHQWVLQFOXGLQJYLWDPLQVDQGPLQHUDOV. $OPRVWDOOSDUWVIURP0RULQJDFDQEHXVHGDVDVRXUFH
for nutrition with other useful values. 7KLVPLQLUHYLHZHODERUDWHVRQGHWDLOVRILWVKHDOWKEHQHWV.
Keywords: Moringa oleiferaDQWLEURWLFDQWLLQDPPDWRU\DQWLPLFURELDODQWLK\SHUJO\FHPLFDQWLR[LGDQW
$VLDQ3DFLF-RXUQDORI&DQFHU3UHYHQWLRQ9RO 8571
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis et al
Kharusi et al., 2009). It is believed that Moringa leave to agents. It was recently discovered that the Moringa
FRQVLVW KLJK VRXUFH RI YLWDPLQ & FDOFLXP FDURWHQH oleifera VHHG H[WUDFW H[KLELWHG DQWLEURWLF HIIHFWV RQ
potassium as well as protein. It works as an effective OLYHUEURVLVLQUDWV+DP]D. ,WVKRZHGVLJQLFDQW
VRXUFH RI QDWXUDO DQWLR[LGDQWV. Due to the presence of SURWHFWLYH HIIHFW DJDLQVW &&OLQGXFHG OLYHU EURVLV LQ
VHYHUDOVRUWVRIDQWLR[LGDQWFRPSRXQGVVXFKDVDYRQRLGV UDWV ZKLFK ZDV FRQUPHG E\ KLVWRORJLFDO QGLQJV DV
ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolics, Moringa is able well as biochemical analysis of a marker of collagen
WRH[WHQGWKHSHULRGRIIRRGFRQWDLQLQJIDWV'LOODUGDQG GHSRVLWLRQLQOLYHUNQRZQDVK\GUR[\SUROLQH. In the work
German, 2000; Siddhuraju and Becker, 2003). by Hamza (2010), treatment with Moringa was found to
It was also found that each different part of the stimulate hepatoprotective effects against hepatocellular
Moringa tree which was studied, be it the fruits, seeds, injury by blocking the increase of two serums, aspartate
OHDYHVRZHUVEDUNDQGURRWVDOOUHVXOWHGLQWKHGLVFRYHU\ aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase
RIDWOHDVWRQHRULQPRVWVWXGLHVDQXPEHURIEHQHFLDO (ALT), which are indicators of liver health conditions.
nutrients. It was similarly mentioned in an article by the In another study by Verma et al., (2012), the effect
Trees For Life organization that every part of the Moringa RI HWKDQROLF OHDI H[WUDFW RI Moringa oleifera on
WUHH LV VDLG WR KDYH EHQHFLDO SURSHUWLHV WKDW FDQ VHUYH pylorus ligation-induced, ethanol-induced, cold-restraint
humanity. stress-induced and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers were
It is rare for a single plant to contain many essential investigated. The results of all these tests indicated that
nutrients and furthermore in high quantities. However, the the total ulcerogenic effect reduced, by showing a dose-
Moringa on its own was reported to have a higher content dependent anti-ulcerogenic activity by the 50% ethanolic
of different nutrients compared to those found individually OHDIH[WUDFW. 7KHH[WUDFWZDVIRXQGWRGHFUHDVHDFLGSHSVLQ
in several different types of food and vegetables (Figure VHFUHWLRQDVZHOODVH[KLELWXOFHUSURWHFWLYHSURSHUWLHV.
1). It was reported by several researchers at the Asian
Vegetable Research and Development Centre (AVRDC) $QWLLQDPPDWRU\(IIHFWV
that the leaves of four of the Moringa species were rich
LQ QXWULHQWV DQG DQWLR[LGDQWV 3ULFH LQ ZKLFK 0RULQJDKDVEHHQSUDFWLFDOO\XVHGLQPHGLFLQDOHOG
the nutrient content varied with a few factors such as throughout the decades to heal a huge amount of acute
preparation method, leaf age and harvest season. As and chronic conditions. In vitro and in vivo studies with
commonly known, most vegetables lose their nutrients the plant have recommended its effectiveness in treating
upon cooking. However, it was observed that Moringa inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia
leaves whether fresh, cooked or stored as dried powder for (Bennett et al., 2003; Fahey, 2005; Mbikay, 2012). The
months without refrigeration, did not lose its nutritional SURSHUWLHV RI LWV SK\WRFKHPLFDOVVXFK DV DYRQROV DQG
value (Hsu et al., 2006). The leaves which were boiled SKHQROLF DFLGV ZHUH UHODWHG WR WKH DQWLLQDPPDWRU\
resulted in three times more bio-available iron than the DQWLR[LGDQWDQGDQWLEDFWHULDODFWLYLWLHV0ELND\.
raw leaves. These results were also seen in the powdered 5HFHQWO\WKHH[SORUHIRUIRRGFRPSRQHQWVWKDWWULJJHUV
Moringa leaves. WKH LQDPPDWRU\ UHVSRQVH KDV IRFXVHG RQ SDUWLFXODU
In addition, the Moringa was found to have a group DWWHQWLRQGXHWRFRQUPDWLRQOLQNLQJFKURQLFORZJUDGH
of unique compounds containing sugar and rhamnose, LQDPPDWLRQ WR LQVXOLQ UHVLVWDQFH DQG REHVLW\. Some
which are uncommon sugar-modified glucosinolates NH\ELRPDUNHUVRILQDPPDWLRQKDYHEHHQLGHQWLHGDV
(Fahey et al., 2001; Fahey, 2005; Amaglo et al., 2010). KDOOPDUN LQGLFDWRUV RI WKH SURLQDPPDWRU\ UHVSRQVH
These compounds were reported to demonstrate certain found in obesity-induced diabetes which include cytokines:
chemopreventive activity, by inducing apoptosis (Brunelli tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), interleukin-1 beta (IL-
et al., 2010). ELQWHUOHXNLQ,/DVZHOODVLQGXFLEOHQLWULFR[LGH
V\QWKDVH L126 DQG QLWULF R[LGH 12 DQ LPSRUWDQW
$QWLEURWLFXOFHU cellular signaling molecule in insulin signaling catalyzed
by iNOS (Xu et al., 2003; Ferrante, 2007; Bhargava and
0DMRU FRQWULEXWRUV WR WKH WUHDWPHQW RI OLYHUEURVLV Lee, 2012). L126 H[SUHVVLRQ DQG 12 RYHUSURGXFWLRQ
discovered to date are natural drugs. Constant efforts have been implicated in the pathogenesis of disease states,
DQGVWXGLHVRQWKHVHQDWXUDOGUXJVWRWUHDWOLYHUEURVLV SDUWLFXODUO\UHODWHGZLWKFKURQLFLQDPPDWLRQ+REEVHW
DUHEHLQJFDUULHGRXWLQVHDUFKIRUHIIHFWLYHDQWLEURWLF al., 1999).
,WKDVEHHQGLVFRYHUHGWKDWKHSDWLFP\HORSHUR[LGDVH
DFWLYLW\FDQEHFDUULHGRXWDVDPDUNHURILQDPPDWLRQDQG
tissue neutrophil accumulation and activation (Hillefass
et al., 1990). In a study by Caceres et al. (1992), infused
Moringa oleifera seeds and roots showed inhibition of
carrageenan-induced hind paw edema. The inhibition
by the seed infusion conversely was dose-dependent as
compared to the root infusion which showed inactivity at
)LJXUH. Several Nutritional and Medicinal Chemicals certain dosages. However, only seed infusion was stated
and Compounds Found in the Moringa oleifera)XJOLH to be worthy of further study due to indications of more
1999; Revised in 2001 and Published as The Miracle FRQYLQFLQJDQWLLQDPPDWRU\LQKLELWLRQ.
7UHH7KH0XOWLSOH$WWULEXWHVRI0RULQJDSS. ) The hepatoprotective properties of Moringa seed
8572 $VLDQ3DFLF-RXUQDORI&DQFHU3UHYHQWLRQ9RO
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.20.8571
+HDOWK%HQHWVRIMoringa oleifera
H[WUDFW ZKLFK ZDV GLVFRYHUHG IURP WKH DQWLILEURWLF presence of terpenoids, which appears to be involved in
study by Hamza (2010) indicated that the Moringa also WKHVWLPXODWLRQRIWKHFHOOVDQGWKHVXEVHTXHQWVHFUHWLRQ
SRVVHVVHG DQWLLQDPPDWRU\ SURSHUWLHV DJDLQVW &&O of preformed insulin (Tende et al., 2011).
induced liver damage and fibrosis. This finding was
FRQUPHGE\WKHGHFUHDVHRIJOREXOLQOHYHOLQVHUXPDQG $QWLR[LGDQW3URSHUWLHVRI0RULQJD
WKHP\HORSHUR[LGDVHDFWLYLW\LQOLYHU. Additionally, in the
KLVWRSDWKRORJLFDO DQDO\VLV D GHFUHDVH LQ LQDPPDWRU\ 1DWXUDOO\ RFFXUULQJ DQWLR[LGDQWV SDUWLFXODUO\
FHOOVLQOWUDWLRQVZDVGLVFRYHUHG. polyphenols, are the main plant compounds that are
DEOHWRGHFUHDVHR[LGDWLYHGDPDJHLQWLVVXHVE\LQGLUHFW
$QWLPLFURELDO(IIHFWVRI0RULQJD enhancement of a cell or by free radical scavenging (Du
et al., 2010). The leaves of the Moringa oleifera tree have
7KHDVVRUWHGH[WUDFWVRI0RULQJDVPRUSKRORJLFDOSDUWV EHHQUHSRUWHGWRGHPRQVWUDWHDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\GXHVWR
such as seeds cotyledon, seeds coat, stem bark, leaves, its high amount of polyphenols (Sreelatha and Padma,
root bark are reported to possess antimicrobial potential 2009; Verma et al., 2009). Moringa oleiferaH[WUDFWVRI
(Arora et al., 2013). Recently, Onsare et al. (2013) have ERWKPDWXUHDQGWHQGHUOHDYHVH[KLELWVWURQJDQWLR[LGDQW
reported preliminary work on the antimicrobial activity DFWLYLW\DJDLQVWIUHHUDGLFDOVSUHYHQWR[LGDWLYHGDPDJHWR
RIDTXHRXVH[WUDFWRISRGVKXVNVDJDLQVW*UDPSRVLWLYH PDMRUELRPROHFXOHVDQGJLYHVLJQLFDQWSURWHFWLRQDJDLQVW
Gram negative pathogenic bacteria and yeast strains. R[LGDWLYHGDPDJH6UHHODWKDDQG3DGPD.
In a study by Singh et al. (2012), the antimicrobial A comparative study indicated that mature Moringa
activity of Moringa oleifera ZDV H[DPLQHG XVLQJ WKH oleiferaOHDIH[WUDFWH[KLELWHGEHWWHUYDOXHVRIHQ]\PDWLFDQG
main model Kirby-bauer disc diffusion method in which QRQHQ]\PDWLFDQWLR[LGDQWV. In the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-
RI HWKDQROLF 0RULQJD OHDI H[WUDFW ZDV XVHG. The 1-Picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity test,
UHVXOWVVKRZHGWKDWWKHHWKDQROLFH[WUDFWVXFFHVVIXOO\ ERWKPDWXUHDQGWHQGHUOHDIH[WUDFWVVKRZHGVLJQLFDQW
displayed anti-bacterial activity however only little. reduction of DPPH radicals. The scavenging activity was
(YHQ DW KLJKHU FRQFHQWUDWLRQV WKH H[WUDFW GLVSOD\HG suggested to be attributed to its hydrogen donating ability
mild inhibitory activity and no activity at all against DQGZDVVHHQPRUHLQWKHPDWXUHOHDIH[WUDFW6UHHODWKD
pseudomonas. and Padma, 2009).
3HL[RWRHWDO. (2011) reported that in their study, the A further TLC (Thin layer chromatography) analysis
DTXHRXV DQG HWKDQROLF 0RULQJD OHDI H[WUDFWV LQGLFDWHG was conducted to identify the chemical nature of active
promising potential as a treatment for certain bacterial compounds which were possibly providing these
infections. The antibacterial activity of the Moringa DQWLR[LGDQWSURWHFWLRQSURSHUWLHV. According to Sreelatha
H[WUDFWZDVREVHUYHGWREHJUHDWHUDJDLQVWJUDPSRVLWLYH DQG 3DGPD TXDOLWDWLYH DQDO\VLV RI WKH H[WUDFWV
species (S. aureus and E. faecalis) than against gram- UHYHDOHGWKHSUHVHQFHRISKHQROLFVDYRQRLGVDQGWUDFH
positive species (E. coli, Salmonella, P. aeruginosa, V. amounts of alkaloids, in both mature and tender leaves.
parahaemolyticus and A. caviae) which was also indicated Similarly, another study by Siddhuraju and Becker
in several other studies (Grosvenor et al., 1995; Kudi et (2003) using the same DPPH assay to determine the
al., 1999; Awadh et al., 2001). DQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\UHYHDOHGWKDWWKHH[WUDFWVRI0RULQJD
leaf samples from three different agroclimatic origins had
$QWLK\SHUJO\FHPLFRI0RULQJD very high radical scavenging activity. It was stated that
generally, the higher the total polyphenols, the higher the
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic DQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\LQZKLFKLWLVPRVWOLNHO\WREHGXH
disorder. 'LDEHWLF SDWLHQWV H[KLELW D VWDJH RI FKURQLF WRWKHFRPELQHGDFWLRQRIVHYHUDOH[LVWLQJVXEVWDQFHVDV
hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance impairment (Tiwari well as the high hydrogen donating ability. In addition,
and Roa, 2002). Moringa oleifera is well known for its this study also used several other methods to assess the
pharmacological actions and is used for the traditional DQWLR[LGDQW DFWLYLW\ RI WKH REWDLQHG 0RULQJD H[WUDFWV
treatment of diabetes mellitus (Bhishagratna, 1991; Babu whereby all other methods likewise demonstrated the
and Chaudhuri, 2005). VDPHDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\LQWHUPVRIUHGXFLQJSRWDVVLXP
The anti-diabetic effects of some medicinal plant IHUULF\DQLGHVFDYHQJLQJVXSHUR[LGHUDGLFDOVSUHYHQWLQJ
ZHUHVWUHQJWKHQHGE\VFLHQWLFGDWDDVKHUEDOUHPHGLHV SHUR[LGDWLRQRIOLSLGPHPEUDQHVLQOLSRVRPHVLQKLELWLQJ
for diabetes are recognized in different societies R[LGDWLRQ RI PLFURVRPHV LQ UDW OLYHU LQKLELWLQJ WKH
(Grove and Altman, 2002). Ajit et al., 2003 reported SHUR[LGDWLRQRIOLQROHLFDFLGVDQGSUHYHQWLQJEOHDFKLQJ
that hypoglycemic activity of Moringa oleifera, with of carotenes.
VLJQLFDQW EORRG JOXFRVH ORZHULQJ DFWLYLWLHV KDV EHHQ 7KH DQWLR[LGDQW SURSHUWLHV RI WKH Moringa oleifera
FRQUPHG. 0HWKDQROH[WUDFWRILWVGULHGIUXLWSRZGHUKDV ZDV DOVR H[DPLQHG E\ 9HUPD HW DO. (2012) whereby
produced N-Benzyl thiocarbamates, N-benzyl carbamates, HWKDQROLFOHDIH[WUDFWZDVWHVWHGWRVWXG\WKHOLSLG
benzyl nitriles and a benzyl; which prove to trigger insulin SHUR[LGDWLRQ /32 FDWDODVH &$7 DQG VXSHUR[LGH
UHOHDVHVLJQLFDQWO\IURPWKHURGHQWSDQFUHDWLFEHWDFHOOV dismutase (SOD) activities. 7KHDQWLR[LGDQWSURSHUWLHVRI
DQGKDYHF\FOR[\JHQDVHHQ]\PHDQGOLSLGSHUR[LGDWLRQ WKH0RULQJDH[WUDFWZDVIRXQGWRFKDQJHLQ62'&$7
inhibitory activities (Francis et al., 2004). and LPO levels in rat gastric mucosa. There was a reported
Hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic activity of the increase in gastric mucosal SOD and LPO activities during
leaves of Moringa oleifera may be probably due to the XOFHUFRQGLWLRQVZKLFKLQGLFDWHGDQDQWLR[LGDQWGHIHQFH
$VLDQ3DFLF-RXUQDORI&DQFHU3UHYHQWLRQ9RO 8573
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis et al
mechanism by the Moringa oleifera H[WUDFW 9HUPD HW species to having value in tumour therapy (Hartwell,
al., 2012). 1971), anticancer potential were detected in compounds
In another study, goats meat which was supplemented [1] and [2] (Fahey et al., 2004). Recently, compound
with Moringa oleifera leaves and several other natural [1] and the correlated compound [3] have become as
SURGXFWV ZDV WHVWHG IRU LWV DQWLR[LGDQW SRWHQWLDO dominant inhibitors of phorbol ester (TPA)-induced
starting off with the total phenol content (TPC) Epstein-Barr virus initial activation of antigen in
estimation then followed by the DPPH, 2,2-azino-bis lymphoblastoid (Burkitts lymphoma) cells (Guevara
(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic diammonium salt) et al., 1999; Murakami et al., 1998). Tumour promotion
$%76 JOXWDWKLRQH OLSLG SHUR[LGDWLRQ FDWDODVH DQG is also inhibited by compound [3] in a mouse two-
VXSHUR[LGHGLVPXWDVH62'PHWKRGV. The nutritional and stage DMBA (7, 12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene)-TPA
IDWW\DFLGSUROHVRIWKHMoringa oleifera supplemented (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) tumour model
JRDWVPHDWLQGLFDWHGKLJKHVWDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\FRPSDUHG in one of these studies (Murakami et al., 1998) as shown
to the goats meat supplemented with the other natural in Figure 2. Bharali and colleagues (2003) reported skin
products (Qwele et al., 2013). 7KH DQWLR[LGDQW DFWLYLW\ tumour prevention subsequent to ingestion of drumstick
was also implied by the high concentration of total phenol 0RULQJDVHHGSRGH[WUDFWV.
content as well as the reducing power of the Moringa
oleifera supplemented meat. In addition, compared to $QWLFDQFHU3URSHUWLHVRI0RULQJD
the other natural products, the meat supplemented with
Moringa oleiferaOHDYHVH[KLELWHGWKHKLJKHVWHIFLHQF\ Moringa is revealed to possess potential therapeutic
(93. 51%) in terms of radical scavenging and highest HIIHFWVWRJKWFDQFHUUKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLVGLDEHWHVDQG
increase (93. 13%) in SOD activity (Qwele et al., 2013). some other ailments. Particularly in South Asia, it works
as treatment for different diseases in the indigenous system
$QWLWXPRXU3URSHUWLHVRI0RULQJD of medicine (Mehta et al., 2003; Karadi et al., 2007; Roy
et al., 2007).
A study to isolate several bioactive compounds from In a recent study by Budda et al. (2011), it was
the Philippine grown Moringa oleifera Lam. WRH[DPLQH stated that Moringa oleifera Lam pod could be a
WKHDQWLJHQRWR[LFDQGDQWLLQDPPDWRU\DFWLYLWLHVDOVR potential chemopreventive agent. The dose dependent
reported the effect of several isolates as anti-tumour administration of boiled Moringa oleifera (bMO)
promoters. Guevara et al. (1999) presented evidence on caused the incidence and multiplicity of tumours to
the function of mainly one of these bioactive compounds, decrease especially at the highest dose (6.0%) of bMO.
niazimicin, as an inhibitor against the two-stage mouse It was further reported that when compared to the lower
tumourigenesis. The results from in vitro screening bMO doses, the number of tubular adenocarcinomas
suggested that several of the test compounds, particularly UHGXFHGLQFRUUHVSRQGHQFHWRWKHQXPEHURIVXSHUFLDO
/UKDPQRV\OR[\EHQ]\OLVRWKLRF\DQDWHQLD]LPLFLQ adenocarcinomas.
DQG VLWRVWHURO2'JOXFRS\UDQRVLGH ZHUH VWURQJ Budda and his team (2011) stated that the presence of
anti-tumour promoters. Whilst in the in vivo two-stage fatty acids could have attributed to the chemopreventive
FDUFLQRJHQHVLVWHVWRQPRXVHVNLQQLD]LPLFLQH[KLELWHG effect of bMO which modulates apoptosis in colon
50% delay in the promotion of tumours and decreased the carcinogenesis. In addition, the presence of niazimicin
incidence of papilloma bearing mice by 80% at 10 weeks and glucomoringin which have been reported to inhibit
and 17% at 20 weeks of promotion (Guevera et al., 1999). tumour cell proliferation, were also mentioned as possible
This study concluded that niazimicin was a potent anti- compounds contributing to the anti-colon carcinogenic
tumour promoter in chemical carcinogenesis. effects of bMO. For the effect of bMO on several protein
Folk medicine practitioners have recognized Moringa H[SUHVVLRQV LW ZDV UHSRUWHG WKDW LQ D GRVH GHSHQGHQW
manner, all three PCNA, iNOS and COX-2 gene
H[SUHVVLRQV ZHUH GRZQUHJXODWHG ZKLFK FRQFOXGHG WKH
chemopreventive effect of bMO.
A balance as well as the induction of Phase I and II
drug metabolising enzymes is well known to indicate
a defence against chemical carcinogens (Singh et al.,
2000). In 2003, Bharali et al. revealed in their study that
the hydroalcoholic Moringa oleiferaH[WUDFWZRUNVDVD
bifunctional inducer, inducing both Phase-I and Phase-II
enzymes. It was reported to have improved the levels of
hepatic cytochrome b5, cytochrome P450 and gluthione-S-
)LJXUH . Structures of phytochemicals present transferase (GST). A similar study by Sharma et al. (2012)
IURP 0RULQJD VSS.: 4-(4-O-acetyl-a-L- also reported increased levels of the cytochrome P450
UKDPQRS\UDQRV\OR[\ EHQ]\O LVRWKLRF\DQDWH [1], and cytochrome b5 by Moringa oleiferaSRGH[WUDFW. The
/UKDPQRS\UDQRV\OR[\ EHQ]\O LVRWKLRF\DQDWH cytochrome P450 was found to functioned as a blocking
[2], niazimicin >@ SWHU\JRVSHUPLQ >@ EHQ]\O agent (Sharma et al., 2012; Bharali et al., 2003) in the
isothiocyanate >@DQGD/UKDPQRS\UDQRV\OR[\ Phase II metabolism whereas the increased levels of GST
EHQ]\OJOXFRVLQRODWH [6]. Adapted from Fahey, 2005) by the Moringa oleifera H[WUDFW ZDV UHSRUWHG WR KDYH
8574 $VLDQ3DFLF-RXUQDORI&DQFHU3UHYHQWLRQ9RO
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.20.8571
+HDOWK%HQHWVRIMoringa oleifera
possibly been the major indication of chemoprevention XS WR VHYHUDO VSHFLF UHPHGLDO SURSHUWLHV LQFOXGLQJ LWV
properties (Bharali et al., 2003). anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-
The study by Sharma et al. (2012) reported that the K\SHUJO\FHPLFDQWLR[LGDQWDQWLWXPRXUDQGDQWLFDQFHU
enzyme (glutathione and GST) activity loss was restored properties. Further studies for the mechanism of action and
E\WKH0RULQJDSRGH[WUDFWLQZKLFKWKHVHHQ]\PHVRIIHU constituents of the Moringa plant may provide incredible
a major protection role against the effects of carcinogens. capabilities to develop pharmacological products. The
This was supported by a previous study by Singh et al., further studies should emphasis on probable mode of
(2000) stating the protection role of GST. 7KHDQWLR[LGDQW action of the isolates and possible structural-activity
properties of the Moringa oleifera that relates closely to relationship as the chemical constituents of Moringa
LWVSRWHQWLDODVDFKHPRSUHYHQWLYHDJHQWZDVFRQUPHG oleifera are very well investigated and documented. In
WKURXJK SK\WRFKHPLFDO VFUHHQLQJ RI WKH SRG H[WUDFW conclusion, Moringa oleifera has numerous applications
(Paliwal et al., 2011; Sharma et al., 2012). Together with LQPHGLFLQDOHOG.
this, the hepatoprotective effect Moringa oleifera through
the restoration of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine References
transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was
DOVRWHVWLHG6KDUPDHWDO., 2012). Abalaka ME, Olonitola OS, Onaolapo JA, et al (2009).
In another study by Sharma and Paliwal (2012), to (YDOXDWLRQRIDFXWHWR[LFLW\RIMomordica charantia H[WUDFW
investigate more deeply the chemopreventive effects using wistar rats to determine safety level and usefulness of
of Moringa oleifera SRG H[WUDFW LW ZDV UHSRUWHG the plant ethnochemotheraphy. Int J Appl Sci, 3, 1-6.
Ajit K, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay NG (2002). Comparative
WKDW WKH R[LGDWLYH GDPDJH LQGXFHG E\ WKH 3$+
evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some Indian
12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA), can be PHGLFLQDOSODQWVLQDOOR[DQGLDEHWLFUDWV. J Ethnopharmacol,
SUHYHQWHGE\WKH0RULQJDH[WUDFWDVZHOODVLWVLVRODWHG 84, 105-8.
saponin. 7KHVHQGLQJVVXJJHVWHGWKDWMoringa oleifera Al-Kharusi LM, Elmardi MO, Ali A, et al (2009). Effect of
shows chemopreventive effects by increasing the mineral and organic fertilizers on the chemical characteristics
DQWLR[LGDQWOHYHOVDQGUHGXFLQJWKHIUHHUDGLFDOIRUPDWLRQ. and quality of date fruits. Int J Agri Biol, 11, 290-6.
Against several different cancer cell lines (lung, Amaglo NK, Bennet RN, Curto RBL, et al (2010). 3UROLQJ
liver, colon and neuroblastoma), the Moringa oleifera selected phytochemicals and nutrients in different tissues of
VHHG H[WUDFW GHPRQVWUDWHG VHOHFWLYH JURZWK LQKLELWLRQ the multipurpose tree Moringa oleifera L., grown in Ghana.
J of Food Chem, 122, 1047-54.
reaching up to 95% inhibition towards the neuroblastoma
Arora DS, Onsare JM, Kuar H(2013). Bioprospecting of Moringa
cell line (Shaban et al., 2012). Earlier in 2010, Purwal et (Moringaceae):microbiological perspective. J Pharmacog
al. UHSRUWHGWKDWWXPRXUVWUHDWHGZLWKPHWKDQROLFH[WUDFWV Phytochem, 1, 193-215.
of Moringa fruits and leaves showed slow growth which Awadh A, Julich WD, Kusnick C, et al (2001). Screening of
indicates effective deterioration of tumours. The most <HPHQL PHGLFLQDO SODQWV IRU DQWLEDFWHULDO DQG F\WRWR[LF
HIIHFWLYH GRVDJHV RI WKH H[WUDFWV LQ WHUPV RI YROXPH activities, J Ethnopharmacol, 74, 173-9.
doubling time and growth delay, which both indicate Babu R, Chaudhuri, M. (2005). Home water treatment by direct
tumour inhibitory property, were observed at 500mg/kg. OWUDWLRQZLWKQDWXUDOFRDJXODQW. J Water Health, 3, 27-30.
Bennett RN, Mellon FA, Foidl N, et al (2003). Profiling
glucosinolates and phenolics in vegetative and reproductive
$QWLFODVWRJHQLF3URSHUWLHVRI0RULQJD tissues of the multi-purpose trees Moringa oleifera L.
(Horseradish Tree) and Moringa stenopetala L. J Agri Food
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SRGLQHVWDEOLVKLQJLWVKHDOWKEHQHWV. The results from a effect of Moringa oleifera, Lam, on hepatic carcinogen
study by Promkum et al. (2010) showed that bMO did not PHWDEROLVLQJ HQ]\PHV DQWLR[LGDQW SDUDPHWHUV DQG VNLQ
possess any clastogenic activity in mice upon consuming papillomagenesis in mice$VLDQ3DFLF-&DQFHU3UHY, 4,
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properties that directly indicate anti-clastogenic effects
Bhishagratna KK (1991). An English translation of
which was found to be due to its rich vitamin C content. 6XVKUXWDP6DPKLWD EDVHG RQ WKH RULJLQDO 6DQVNULW WH[W
The anti-clastogeniticity test in this study showed activity &KRZNKDPED 6DQVNULW 6HULHV 2IFH 9DUDQDVL ,QGLD 3,
against both direct mitomycin C (MMC) and indirect- 213-9.
acting DMBA clastogens. ,WZDVQDOO\FRQFOXGHGWKDW Brunelli D, Tavecchio M, Falcioni C, et al (2010). The
bMO at 2. 1, 4. 3 and 8. 5g/kg BW doses did not show isothiocyanate produced from glucomoringin inhibits NF-kB
clastogenic effects whilst its anti-clastogenic potential is and reduces myeloma growth in nude mice in vivo. Biochem
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Conclusion FDUFLQRJHQHVLV LQGXFHG E\ D]R[\PHWKDQH DQG GH[WUDQ
sodium sulphate$VLDQ3DFLF-&DQFHU3UHY, 12, 3221-8.
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antidiabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol, 81, 81-100. against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced hepatic
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Chemotherapy
Remission
Persistence or recurrence
Newly diagnosed without treatment
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