Written Language II

ANIMAL FARM
CHAPTER I

1. What is significant about how the animals arrange themselves as they gather to hear Major? What might this
arrangement say about future meetings or events?

Pigs in the front, dogs next to the pigs, and all the other animals behind them. Pigs are most important and the
dogs are the barrier between them and the other animals.

2. According to Major, what is the cause of all the animals problems?

According to him, the cause of all animals problems is the human being. There, comrades, is the answer to all
our problems. It is summed up in a single wordMan.

3. What motto does Major give the animals?

Whatever goes on two legs is an enemy, whatever goes on four legs or has wings is a friend

4. Examine the song Beasts of England as poetry. What imagery is present? What is the message? Why do the
animals like it so much that they memorize it on the spot? To what emotions and needs does it appeal?

The imagery: Lots of food, no slavery, no man, no harnesses or whips.

The message of the song could be that all animals must work toward that day, and it will be great for them to get
rid of the humans. They learnt it quickly and sang it several times, mainly because the song talks about strong
feelings and emotions like freedom, pain, starvation, deprivation and happiness for all animals.

CHAPTER II

1. After Majors death what happens to the idea of rebelling against man?
The animals rebelled against Mr. Jones months later from Majors death, but at the beginning some of them where
doubting about the rebellion.

2. What causes the animals to finally rebel against Mr. Jones and his four farmhands?
Mr. Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday.
The men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to feed
the animals. When Mr. Jones got back he immediately went to sleep on the drawing-room sofa with the News of
the World over his face, so that when evening came, the animals were still unfed. At last they could stand it no
longer. This situation caused the rebellion.

3. What do the animals do about the farmhouse?

They walked around the rooms of the house, and watched all the things that were inside of it, and declare it should
be treated like a museum in the future.

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4. How does the behaviour of the pigs foreshadow their eventual leadership positions?

The pigs are taking the lead position while Old-Major is reciting his Animal Freedom speech. They all sit in front of
Old-Major soaking up every word. After the speech and Old Major's subsequent death the pigs take the lead role
in planning "animalism". The pigs manipulate Old Major's philosophy to their own ends. In other words, the pig's
behavior foreshadows how they twisted Old Major's philosophy into something they can gain from.

CHAPTER III AND IV

1. What examples of the difference between the pigs and the other animals occur in these two chapters?

The pigs supervise the others but do not participate in the manual labor. The pigs set up a study center for
themselves in the harness-room, where they study trades using Mr. Joness books. When the wind knocks ripe
apples out of the orchard trees, the pigs claim the right to take them all, as well as the bulk of the coming apple
harvest. The pigs claim that they need milk and apples in order to power their brainwork.

2. What are Napoleons ideas about education?

Napoleon knew that education empowered animals so he decided to only educate certain animals like pigs, of
course. As pigs became more intelligent and manipulative other animals became more submissive and ignorant
thus easier to control.

3. What was Snowballs part in this battle?

"Snowball, who had studied an old book of Julius Caesar's campaigns which he had found in the farmhouse, was
in charge of the defensive operations."

4. Where is Napoleon during the battle?

He wasnt at the battlefield. Napoleon is never even mentioned during the battle but before the battle takes place,
Snowball and Napoleon send out pigeons to ensure that other farm animals know about the Rebellion on the
former Manor Farm, now Animal Farm. This seems to be Napoleon's only involvement in this part of the story.

CHAPTER V

1. Why does Mollie run away from the farm?

Mollie was not a supporter of the rebellion because she was one of the few animals on the farm that was treated
very well by Mr. Jones. All she'd ever know was sugar as a treat and ribbons in her hair. She was a showy horse,
not a work horse. She ran away because she didn't have to work for Mr Jones, and she certainly wasn't going to
change that by working for the pigs.
2. What changes have been made in the weekly meetings over the last year?

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The meetings used to be held in secret but now are held in the open. They, however, are not celebratory anymore.
The animals used to sing "Beasts of England" but the pageantry has died away. Slowly Napoleon stops attending
the meetings having Squealer do the work for him. At each meeting Squealer claims they are doing better even
though the animals are tired and hungry. The propaganda and spin on things gets more intense with each
meeting.

3. What changes does Napoleon make after his dogs chase Snowball off the farm?

Only three days after Snowballs removal, Napoleon announces plans to build the windmill and make similar
improvements to the farm. Squealer explains to the animals that Napoleon had never really opposed the windmillin
fact, it was his own creation, which Snowball had copied. With evident pride, Squealer explains that Napoleons feigned
opposition to the windmill was simply a maneuver in his plan to expel Snowball for disobedience; it was a brilliant
example of tactics

4. What is the importance of the dogs accompanying Squealer when he comes to talk to the animals?

Napoleon used the dogs to intimidate the animals. It seemed like the fear was their only source of power.

CHAPTERS VI AND VII

1. Why does Napoleon decide to engage in trade with neighboring farms? How do the animals react?

All the animals were reminded of the earlier commandments: "Never to have any dealings with human beings, never
to engage in trade, never to make use of money." Many animals protested this new trade agreement but Napoleon
quickly silenced all opposition. He decreed that Mr. Whymper would be their middle man. Squealer quickly gets to
work putting his serious spin on what the animals knew. He claims that the earlier resolutions never really happened.
"He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even
suggested. It was pure imagination, probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball."

2. How is the windmill destroyed? Why does Napoleon blame Snowball?

By autumn, the windmill is half finished. One night in November, violent winds ravage the farm and destroy the
windmill. Napoleon quickly blames the destruction on Snowball. This gives Napoleon an excuse to get rid of his rival.
He sentences Snowball to death and offers half a bushel of apples and the title of Animal Hero, Second Class to any
animal that detains him.

3. Why does Napoleon order that the hens eggs be sold? How does Napoleon react when the hens rebel against
his orders?

Napoleon was selling an enormous amount of eggs to the humans because he needs the money for food for the
animals to survive the winter, which the hens weren't happy about. The hens rebel by laying their eggs in the rafters
so that the eggs smash on the floor. Napoleon stops the hens rations and makes feeding a hen punishable by death.
Nine hens die, supposedly of coccidiosis, during the five-day strike, after which the hens surrender.

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4. Explain why the animals confessed to being traitors. Or is there any explanation?

The four pigs who are taken first are the same four who had disagreed previously with Napoleon's decisions. They
probably are guilty of not wholeheartedly supporting Napoleon's policies. Next, the three hens who had led the egg
rebellion confess, as do many others, to crimes against the state. death might be seen as a release for these poor
animals at this point.

5. Why does Napoleon order the animals to stop singing Beasts of England?

Napoleon basically says that there is no longer a need for the song as the rebellion is over. Really though, Napoleon
no longer favours the words to the song. The song speaks to animal freedom and equality, Napoleon wants none of
that. Napoleon wants absolute power.

CHAPTERS VIII AND IX

1. How is Napoleon becoming more and more like a typical dictator?

He has his own apartment in the house. He has his own personal food taster and always either walks around with
bodyguards, he lives very well while his comrades starve, are overworked and must still follow the rules that he
breaks regularly. He created a scapegoat in the "person" of Snowball; he has someone he can blame for
everything that goes wrong and someone to focus the people's hatred on. He created a propaganda machine so
that the only information the animals get is the information that he wants them to know.

2. Compare/contrast the poem Comrade Napoleon to Beast of England.

Beasts of England is about the "golden future time" for all the animals. It reminded them of all the good things
the rebellion was supposed to be about. They loved it and sang it repeatedly whenever they could. It united them.
Comrade Napoleon is all about Napoleon...and it's all propaganda.

3. What makes the battle against Fredericks men different from the Battle of the Cowshed?

The Battle of the Cowshed was impeccably planned. Snowball was a student of Julius Caesar, which enabled him
to outsmart and outmaneuver the humans. When the Battle of the Windmill commenced, Napoleon had expected
an attack but wasn't at all prepared. Rather than fighting and strategizing, the animals ran away in terror. They
later united and stood their ground but, unlike the Battle of the Cowshed, the animals suffered many casualties
and the Windmill was ultimately destroyed.

4. The animals celebrate a victory, but at what cost?

As a consequence, they lose the windmill, and Boxer was seriously injured.

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5. What are living conditions like for all of the animals except the pigs and dogs?

The animals are living in harsh conditions. They aren't allowed any light, their food is rationed, and they are
overworked. The pigs and dogs, however, are given extra rations, beer, and even begin to cook while the other
animals go hungry. So, they had less food than they ever had with Jones. More work than Jones ever had them
do. Tyranny worse than Jones ever wielded.

6. Why does Napoleon allow Moses to return and to tell his stories about Sugarcandy Mountain?

Napoleon allows Moses to return and tell stories about Sugarcandy Mountain for one main reason. Napoleon sees
it as an opportunity to keep the animals subdued and docile. In allowing Moses to tell tales about a wonderful
place far away, a place where rest is possible, they will be lulled into a dreamy state of endurance. They will be
able to bare the burden of their lives on the farm with the hopes of a rewarding place of rest free from hard work
and misery. Napoleon also sees that Moses will continue to stay and talk of this continually for a small allowance
of beer a day. Moses then serves Napoleon unknowingly in keeping the animals under his control.

CHAPTER X

1. What changes have the years brought to the farm?

Most of the animals who fought the rebellion are dead. New animals have been born or bought to replace them.
The windmill is complete and there are plans for a new one. It does not supply the animals with anything, but
grinds grain to sell.

2. All seven commandments are erased. What is the new commandment and how has it been true from the
beginning?

"All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others." Since the beginning this commandment has
been true to all of them. When the pigs taught themselves how to read and write and when Napoleon began
drinking milk.

3. At the conference with neighbouring farmers, what new changes does Napoleon point out?

Napoleon points out the new changes around the farm. He points out how the pigs kind of own the farm in their
own way now. And the name of the farm is now changed back to "The Manor Farm." All the traces of rebellion
have been erased.

4. What happens to the pigs appearance?

The major change in the pigs' appearance comes in the very last pages of the book. By acting more and more like
humans, and through taking on human characteristics (which range from running things to living in the house),
the pigs eventually become indistinguishable from humans. Squealer and the other pigs even start walking on
their hind legs, until, as the final line of the book says, "The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from
man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which."
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