BARONA, AILENE N. ANSWER:d. 19.

96 kW
IECEP-Manila TEST QUESTIONS.
EST 12. Frequency allocation of FM broadcast in the Philippines
1. As per Philippine standard, frequency allocation of AM Radio a. 535 1605 kHz
Broadcasting is from b. 88 108 MHz
a. 535 to 1605 kHz c. 50 15000 Hz
b. 526.5 to 1605 kHz d. 174 216 MHz
c. 535 to 1705 kHz ANSWER:b. 88 108 MHz
d. 526.5 to 1705 kHz
ANSWER:d. 526.5 to 1705 kHz 13.What is the color TV system adopted by the Philippines?
a. NTSC
2. Part of broadcasting in a day that refers to that period of time b. PAL
between 1000 UTC to 2200 UTC. UTC stands for Universal Time c. SECAM
Coordinates. d. none among choices
a. daytime period ANSWER:a.NTSC
b. nighttime period
c. experimental period 14.Exact value of color subcarrier frequency (MHz) is
d. primetime period a. 3.579554
ANSWER:b. nighttime period b. 3.579455
c. 3.580545
3. An AM broadcast service area in which groundwave field of 1mV/m d. 3.579545
(60dBu) is not subject to objectionable interference or objectionable ANSWER:d. 3.579545
fading.
a. primary service area 15. Determine the visual carrier frequency of TV channel 9.
b. secondary service area a. 175.25 MHz
c. intermittent service area b. 187.25 MHz
d. none among these c. 193.25 MHz
ANSWER:a.primary service area d. 199.25 MHz
ANSWER:b. 187.25 MHz
4. In antenna mast or tower construction, the required obstruction
painting and/or lighting must be imposed on mast or tower more than 16. What is the maximum allowable ERPs for channels 7 13 in Metro
from the ground level. Manila and Metro Cebu?
a. 100 ft a. 100 kW
b. 150 ft b. 316 kW
c. 200 ft c. 350 kW
d. 250 ft d. 1 MW
ANSWER:d. 150 ft ANSWER:d. 1 MW

5. Regarding the design of AM antenna, what should be the 17. At NTSC standard, the number of lines per frame = ________
polarization of the radiator? lines/frame
a. horizontal a. 485
b. vertical b. 525
c. circular c. 625
d. elliptical d. 585
ANSWER:b. vertical ANSWER:b. 525

6. As per Phillipine standard, what is the minimum frequency 18. At NTSC standard, line frequency = 15734.264 Hz. What is the
separation in any service area for adjacent AM radio stations? equivalent line period?
a. 40 kHz a. 66.556 usec
b. 200 kHz b. 65.556 usec
c. 36 kHz c. 63.556 usec
d. 300 kHz d. 64.556 usec
ANSWER:c. 36 kHz ANSWER:
c. 63.556 usec
7. What is the maximum power allowable for remote pick-up stations SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
used as broadcast auxillary services for AM and FM broadcast stations? fH = 15734.264 Hz
a. 10 W H = 1 / fH = 1 / 15734.264
b. 15 W H = 63.556 x 10-6 = 63.556 usec
c. 35 W
d. 200 W 19. Nominal RF bandwidth of NTSC TV channel
ANSWER:c. 35 W a. 4.2 MHz
b. 4.5 MHz
8. What is the classification of an FM station having an ERP not c. 6 MHz
exceeding 30kW? d. 5.35 MHz
a. Class A ANSWER:c. 6 MHz
b. Class B
c. Class C 20. A land mobile station used for the transmission of TV program
d. Class D materials and related communications from the scenes of events
ANSWER:b. Class B occuring at remote points from TV broadcast station studios to TV
broadcast station.
9. What is the modulation used for the stereophonic subcarrier of FM a. TV Pick-up station
composite baseband signal? b. TV STL station
Choices: c. TV Inter-city Relay station
a. AM DSB FC d. TV Satellite link station
b. AM DSB SC ANSWER:a. TV Pick-up station
c. AM SSB
d. AM VSB 21.For a total capacity of 36 Mbps and 64-QAM of digital modulation,
ANSWER:b. AM DSB SC what is the ideal RF bandwidth?
a. 4 MHz
10. What is the pilot subcarrier frequency used in FM stereophonic b. 5 MHz
transmission? c. 6 MHz
a. 15 kHz d. 7 MHz
b. 19 kHz ANSWER:c. 6 MHz
c. 30 kHz
d. 38 kHz 22.What is the mode of radio wave propagation that utilized ionosphere
ANSWER:b. 19 kHz as a medium of transmission and / or reception of radio signals?
a. ground wave
11. The output power of an FM transmitter is 5 kW. If the power loss in b. sky wave
transmission line is around 10 W and the antenna has a power gain of c. space wave
6 dB, what is the ERP of the station in kW? d. all of these
a. 5 kW ANSWER:b. sky wave
b. 30 kW
c. 20 kW 23.What is the wavelength of a radio signal travelling at a frequency of
d. 19.96 kW 220 MHz in a coaxial line having Teflon foam as its dielectric, er = 2?
a. 1.0 m d. FCC F(50,50) Graph
b. 0.85 m ANSWER:b. Radiation Pattern
c. 0.96 m
d. 1.36 m 34.The efficiency of an antenna is 82 %. Its radiation resistance is
ANSWER:c. 0.96 m 30 ?. What is the value of its loss resistance?
a. 75 ?
24.What is the angle of refraction in a Teflon (er2 = 2) medium of a b. 15 ?
radio wave from air (er1 = 1.0) if its angle of incidence is 45? c. 12 ?
a. 24 d. 6.58 ?
b. 26 ANSWER:
c. 28 d. 6.58 ?
d. 30 SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
ANSWER:d. 30 ? = Rd/(Rd + Rloss)
0.82 = 30/(30 + Rloss)
25.An ionosphere layer also termed as absorption layer because it 0.82 (30 + Rloss) = 30 = 24.6 + 0.82 Rloss
absorbs most of the frequencies above 100 kHz is known as the Rloss = (30 24.6) / 0.82 = 6.5854 ? or 6.58 ? approx.
layer.
a. D 35.A phenomenon on the surface of the sun with appearance and
b. E disappearance of dark irregularly shaped areas.
c. F1 a. SID
d. F2 b. 11-year sunspot
ANSWER:a. D c. Sporadic E-layer
d. Ionospheric storms
26.As per ITU-R Recc. V.431-6 Tables 1 & 2 Wavelength Classifications, ANSWER:b. 11-year sunspot
what is the classification of Super High Frequency?
a. metric 36.What should be done to increase the transmission distance at
b. decimetric frequencies higher than HF bands?
c. centimetric a. increase antenna gain
d. millimetric c. increase transmitter power
ANSWER:c. centimetric b. increase antenna height d. increase receiver
sensitivity
27.What is a diversity scheme that uses two (2) separate antennas and ANSWER:b. increase antenna height
receivers for each single transmitter?
a. frequency diversity 37.Which of the following factors must be considered in the
b. space diversity transmission of a surface wave to reduce attenuation?
c. angle diversity a. electrical properties of the terrain
d. quadrature diversity c. antenna polarization
ANSWER:b. space diversity b. frequency d. all choices
ANSWER:d. all choices
28.What is a diversity scheme that uses two (2) different frequencies in
a simplex path? 38.A radio station operates at 11 meter wavelength. What is the
e. frequency diversity designated band of stations frequency?
f. space diversity a. MF
g. angle diversity b. HF
h. quadrature diversity c. VHF
ANSWER:a. frequency diversity d. UHF
ANSWER:b. HF
29.What is the critical frequency of a layer if the maximum value of
electron density is 2 x 106 per cm3? 39.What is the total radio horizon distance between an 80 ft
a. 11 MHz transmitting station and a 20 ft receiving station?
b. 12 MHz a. 53.66 km
c. 13 MHz b. 53.66 mi
d. 14 MHz c. 18.97 km
ANSWER: d. 18.97 mi
c. 13 MHz ANSWER:
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING): d. 18.97 mi
Nmax = 2 x 106 per cm3 = 2 x 106 x 106 per m3 = 2 x 1012 per m3 SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
fc = 9 x sqrt (Nmax) = 9 x sqrt (2 x 1012) dRH (TOT) = sqrt (2 x hT) + sqrt (2 x hR)
fc = 12.73 MHz or 13 MHz approx. dRH (TOT) = sqrt (2 x 80) + sqrt (2 x 20)
dRH (TOT) = 18.97 mi
30.A radio communication link is to be established via the ionosphere.
The maximum virtual height of the layer is 110 km. at the midpoint of 40.A power density of 1.57 x 10-4 W/m2 is measured 50 meters from a
the path and the critical frequency is 4 MHz. If the distance between test antenna whose directive gain is 2.15 dB. How much power was
the radio stations is 500 km, what is the suitable value for the optimum fed into the test antenna?
working frequency? Use flat terrain analysis. a. 1W
a. 8.2 MHz b. 2W
b. 8.3 MHz c. 3W
c. 8.4 MHz d. 4W
d. 8.5 MHz ANSWER:
ANSWER:c. 8.4 MHz c. 3 W
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
31.The power density is inversely proportional to the square of the From Inverse Square Law, PD = PR/4pd2
distance from the source. This law is known as PR = PD x 4pd2 = 1.57 x 10-4 x 4p(50)2 = 4.93 W approx. is the
a. Faradays law radiated power
c. Inverse Square law GANT = log-1 [2.15 dB/10] = 1.64
b. Snells law d. Gauss law PR = PFED x GANT
ANSWER:c. Inverse Square law PFED = PR / GANT = 4.93 / 1.64 = 3.007 W or 3 W approx.

32.The lowest portion of the ionosphere that is useful for long-distance 41. Identical telephone numbers in different parts of a country are
communication by amateurs; about 100 to 115 km above the earth is distinguished by their ___.
known as the layer. This is often termed as the Kennely-Heavyside a. language digits b. area codes c. central office codes d.
layer. access digits
a. D ANSWER:b. area codes
b. E
c. F1 42.Telephone traffic is measured ____.
d. F2 a. in erlangs c. with echo cancellers
ANSWER:b. E b. c. by the relative congestion d. in terms of the grade of
service
33.A graph which shows the radiation in actual field strength of ANSWER:a. in erlangs
electromagnetic fields at all points which are at equal distance from the
antenna is known as 43.In a cellular telephone system, each cell site contains a ____.
a. Frequency Response a. touch tone processors c. repeater
c. Smith Chart b. control computer d. direct link to a branch exchange
b. Radiation Pattern ANSWER:c. repeater
 b. high group frequencies
44.When the signal from a mobile cellular unit drops below a certain c. mid group frequencies
level, what action occurs? d. top group frequencies
a. the cell site switches antennas c. the unit is handed off to a ANSWER:b. high group frequencies
closer cell
b. the call is terminated d. the MTSO increases power 56.In DTMF, the Vertical frequencies is also known as
level a. low group frequencies
ANSWER:c. the unit is handed off to a closer cell b. high group frequencies
c. bottom group frequencies
45.In a cellular telephone system, group of cells is called ___. d. top group frequencies
a. sector b. cluster c. site d. cell segment ANSWER: a. low group frequencies
ANSWER:b. cluster
57.The bandwidth of voice-grade signals on a telephone system is
46. In Celluar Telephone Systems, these are transmissions from base restricted in order to:
stations to mobile units (Downlink) a. allow lines to be "conditioned" c. allow signals to
a. forward links b. reverse links c. TRX d. TRA be multiplexed
ANSWER:a. forward links b. prevent "singing" d. all of the above
ANSWER: c. allow signals to be multiplexed
47.A CDMA mobile measures the signal strength from the base as -100
dBm. What should the mobile transmitter power be set to as a first 58.. This is the highest-ranking office in the DDD network in telephony
approximation, considering - 76 dB at mobile power contol? in terms of the size of the geographical area served and the trunking
a. 150 mW b. 200 mW c. 250 mW d. 300 mW options available.
ANSWER:c. 250 mW a. section center c. primary center
b. regional center d. all of the above
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) ANSWER: b. regional center
PT = -76 dB - PR
Where: 59.In Cellular Radio, AMPS stand for:
PT = transmitted power in dBm a. American Mobile Phone System c. Advanced Mobile Phone System
PR = received power in dBm b. Analog Mobile Phone Service d. Advanced Mobile Phone
Service
PT = -76 dB - PR ANSWER: d. Advanced Mobile Phone Service
= -76 dB (-100dBm)
= 24 dBm 60.In Cellular Radio, BSC stands for:
= 250 mW a. Base Station Controller c. Basic Service Contract
b. Base Signal Controller d. Basic Service Code
48.A telephone signal takes 2ms to reach its destination. Calculate the ANSWER:a. Base Station Controller
via net loss required for an acceptable amount of echo.
a. 0.2 dB b. 0.4 dB c. 0.6 dB d. 0.8 dB 61.In Cellular Radio, MSC stands for:
ANSWER:d. 0.8 dB a. Mobile Switching Center c. Maximum Signal Carrier
b. Mobile Service Cellular d. Minimum Signal Carrier
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) ANSWER:a. Mobile Switching Center
VNL = 0.2t + 0.4 dB
Where: 62.In GSM, voice channels are called:
VNL = minimum required via net loss in dB a. traffic channels c. bearer channels
t = time delay in ms for propagation one way along line b. voice channels d. talking channels
ANSWER:a. traffic channels
VNL = 0.2t + 0.4 dB
= 0.2 X 2 + 0.4 63.In Mobile Communications, GSM uses:
= 0.8 dB a. frequency hopping c. CDMA
49.The typical voltage across a telephone when on-hook is: b. direct-sequence modulation d. all of the above
a. 48 volts DC c. 90 volts DC ANSWER:a. frequency hopping
b. 48 volts, 20 hertz AC d. 90 volts, 20 hertz
AC 64.In Mobile Communications, IMSI stands for:
ANSWER:a. 48 volts DC a. Integrated Mobile Subscriber Identification
b. International Mobile Subscriber Identification
50.Central offices are connected by: c. Interim Mobile Subscriber Identification
a. local loops c. both a and b d. Intermodulation System Interference
b. trunk lines d. none of the above ANSWER:b. International Mobile Subscriber Identification
ANSWER:b. trunk lines
65.The angular separation between the two half-power points on the
50.In telephony, call blocking is: power density radiation pattern.
a. cannot occur in the public telephone network a.Bandwidth b. Beamwidth c. Footprint d.
b. occurs on the local loop when there is an electrical Azimuth
power failure ANSWER: b.Beamwidth
c. occurs only on long-distance cables
d. occurs when the central office capacity is exceeded 66.Refers to the direction in space of electric vector of the
ANSWER:d. occurs when the central office capacity is exceeded electromagnetic wave radiated from an antenna and is parallel to the
antenna itself.
51.The cable used for local loops in telephone system is mainly: a.Propagation b. Coordinates c. Polarization d. Azimuth
a. twisted-pair copper wire c. coaxial cable ANSWER: c.Polarization
b. shielded twisted-pair copper wire d. fiber-optic
ANSWER: a. twisted-pair copper wire 67.Placing a metallic array on the antenna effects to increase the
current at the base of the antenna, and also to make the current
52.In DTMF, the four vertical frequencies are ____. distribution more uniform. What is this called?
a. 1209Hz, 1336Hz,1477Hz,1633Hz a.Reflector b. Grounding c. Top loading d. Feeding
b. 697Hz,770Hz,852Hz,941Hz ANSWER:c.Top loading
c. 679Hz,770Hz, 852Hz, 941Hz
d. 1208Hz,1336Hz,1747Hz,1633Hz 68.What principle that states that the properties of an antenna are
ANSWER:b. 697Hz,770Hz,852Hz,941Hz independent of whether it is used for transmission or reception.
a.Alternation b. Diplexer c. Reciprocity
53.In DTMF, the Horizontal frequencies are d. Repeatability
a. 1209Hz, 1336Hz,1477Hz,1633Hz ANSWER: c.Principle of reciprocity
b. 697Hz,770Hz,852Hz,941Hz
c. 679Hz,770Hz, 852Hz, 941Hz 69.Calculate the beam width between nulls of a 2-m paraboloid
d. 1208Hz,1336Hz,1747Hz,1633Hz reflector used at 6GHz. Note: such reflectors are often used at that
ANSWER:a. 1209Hz, 1336Hz,1477Hz,1633Hz frequency as antennas outside broadcast television microwave links.
a.140 b. 70 c. 3.50 d. 0.8750
54. In Celluar Telephone Systems, these are transmissions from mobile ANSWER:3.50 (c)
units to base stations (Uplink)
a. forward links b. reverse links c. TRX d. TRA 70.This is often used to cure the problem of great thickness required of
ANSWER:b. reverse links lenses used at lower microwave frequencies or for strong curved
wavefronts.
55.In DTMF, the horizontal frequencies is also known as: a.Splicing b. Zoning c. Curving d. Polarizing
a. low group frequencies ANSWER: b.Zoning
 84.To cover all inhabited regions of the earth, the number of polar-
71.A structure-generally metallic and sometimes very complex-designed orbit satellites required is
to provide an efficient coupling between space and the output of a a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5
transmitter or input to a receiver. ANSWER:A. 1
a.Stub b. Antenna c. Transmission line d. waveguide
ANSWER:b.antenna 85.The height above mean sea level of a satellite in a geosynchronous
orbit around Earth is:
a. 35,786 miles b. 35,786 NM c. 35,786 feet d.
72.The ratio comparing the power density generated by a practical 35,786 km
antenna in some direction, with that due to an isotopic antenna ANSWER: d. 35,786 km
radiating the same total power.
a. directivity b. Directive gain c. bandwidth d. 86.The location of a satellite is generally specified in terms of
Elementary doublet a. azimuth & elevation b. latitude & longitude c. true morth
ANSWER:Directive gain(b) d. bearing
ANSWER:b. latitude & longitude
73.Any array that is directional at right angles to the plane of the array
is said, by inference, to have __________. 87.A point in the orbit of an object orbiting the earth that is located
a.Broadside b. Broadside array c. Broadside action d. End-fire closest to Earth.
array a. perigee b. apogee c. apex d. subsatellite
ANSWER: c.Broadside action point
ANSWER:a. perigee
74.The ratio of the focal length to the mouth diameter is called
__________ of the parabola, just as in camera lenses. 88.Find the velocity of a satellite in a circular orbit 500 km above the
a. focus b. resolution c. feed d. earths surface.a. 76 km/s b. 76 m/s c. 7.6
aperture km/s d. 7.6 km/s2
ANSWER: d.Aperture ANSWER c. 7.6 km/s

75.Corresponds to a resonant transmission line, and the dipole SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
antennas describe so far have been resonant. Formula :
a. Non-resonant antenna b. Resonant antenna c. Antenna Where : v = velocity in meters per second
arrays d. None of the above d = distance above earths surface in km
ANSWER:Resonant antenna (b) = 7.6 km/s

76.Geostationary satellites are located at ____ with respect to the 89.Find the orbital period of a satellite in a circular orbit 36,000 km
equator. above the earths surface if the earths radius is 6400 km.
a. 00 longitude b. 00 latitude c. 450 longitude d. 900 latitude a. 1440 mins b. 24 days c. 3,600 sec d.
ANSWER: 1440 sec
B. 00 latitude ANSWER:a. 1440 mins
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
77.The quality of a space-link is measured in terms of the ______ ratio. Formula :
a. S/N b. G/T c. C/N d. EIRP Where : T = orbital period
ANSWER:B. G/T C = circumference
v = orbital velocity
78.Why does the downlink frequency appear to vary by several kHz C = 2?r
during a low earth orbit satellite pass? = 2? ( 6400 + 36,000 ) = 266.4 x 106 m or 1440 minutes
a. The distance between the satellite and ground station is
changing, causing the Kepler effect 90.The outline of a communications satellite antenna pattern on the
b. The distance between the satellite and ground station is earth is known as:
changing, causing the Bernoulli effect a. beam b. propagation pattern c. spot d.
c. The distance between the satellite and ground station is footprint
changing, causing the Boyles Law effect ANSWER:d. footprint
d. The distance between the satellite and ground station is
changing, causing the Doppler effect 91.Calculate the length of the path to a geostationary satellite from an
ANSWER: earth station where the angle of elevation is 30?.
D. The distance between the satellite and ground station is changing, (earths radius = 6400 km, height of satellite above earth is 36 X 103
causing the Doppler effect km)
a. 36,000 km b. 36,000 mi c. 39,000 km d. 39,000
79.The most ambitious LEO constellation to date is ______. mi.
a. Iridium ANSWER: c. 39,000 km
b. NAVSTAR SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
c. Teledesic Formula :
d. Globalstar d = distance to the satellite in km
ANSWER:C. Teledesic r = radius of the earth in km (6400 km)
h = height of satellite above equator ( 36 x 103 km)
80.A satellite-dish owner has a 3 meter dish designed for C-band (4 ? = angle of elevation to satellite at antenna site
GHz) operation. The owner wants to use the same dish with a new
feedhorn, for Ku-band (12 GHz) satellites. What effect will the change Solution := 39,000 km
in frequency have on the gain and beamwidth of the antenna?
a. Gain increases by 9.54 dB, beamwidth decreases to 1/3 of its 92.A satellite access technique where each earth station transmits a
former value. short burst of information during a specific time slot.
b. Gain decreases by 9.54 dB, beamwidth decreases to 1/3 of its a. FDMA b. DAMA c. TDMA d. SCADA
former value. ANSWER:c. TDMA ( Time Division Multiple Access)
c. Gain increases by 9.54 dB, beamwidth increases to thrice of 93.An earth station antenna look angle is determined by :
its former value. a. azimuth & elevation b. longitude & latitude c. bearing d.
d. Gain decreases by 9.54 dB, beamwidth increases to thrice of true north
its former value. ANSWER:a. azimuth & elevation
ANSWER:A. Gain increases by 9.54 dB, beamwidth decreases to 1/3 of
its former value. 94.An ITU radiocommunication standards for satellite services which
provides information on the range of frequencies that can be used by
81.The moon orbits the earth with a period of approximately 28 days. fixed satellite service systems for emergency and disaster relief
How far away is it? Assume circular orbit. operations.
a. 380 Mm b. 382 Mm c. 384 Mm d. 386 Mm a. ITU-R M1854 b. ITU-R S 009 c. ITU-R S.1001-2 d.
ANSWER:c. 384 Mm ITU-R S.004
ANSWER: c. ITU-R S.1001-2
82.What is the length of the path to a geostationary satellite from an
Earth station if the angle of elevation is 300? 95.The highest frequency that can be used for skywave propagation
a. 6400 km b. 39000 km c. 42400 km d. 46000 km between two specific points on earths surface.
ANSWER:B. 39000 km a. Critical Frequency b. MUF c. Cut-off frequency d. mid
frequency
83.What is the nominal uplink frequency for the Ku band? ANSWER: a
a. 6 GHz b. 4 GHz c. 14
GHz d. 12 GHz 96.Variation in signal loss caused by natural weather disturbances.
ANSWER:C. 14 GHz a. attenuation b. fading c. spreading loss d. weather loss
ANSWER: b
 b. signal-to-noise ratio
97.Determine the radio horizon for a transmit antenna that is 200 m c. gain
high and a receiving antenna that is 100 m high d. dynamic range
a. 99.5km b. 96.5 km c. 95.87 km d. 97.5 km ANSWER:d. dynamic range
ANSWER: a
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) 109.A mammography service examined 327 patients during the third
D = v 17ht + v 17hr calendar quarter of 1996. 719 films were exposed during this period,
= v 17(200) + v 17(100) eight of which were repeats. What is the repeat rate?
= 99.5 km a. 45.5% b. code 2.45% c. 1.1% d. 54.52%
ANSWER:c. 1.1%
98.The height above the earths surface from which a refracted wave
appears to have been reflected 110.A type of luminescence where the visible light is emitted only
a. actual height b. virtual height c. average height d. mean during the stimulation of the phosphor.
height a. fluorescence b. phosphorescence c. after glow d. any of the
ANSWER: b above
ANSWER: a.fluorescence
99.The highest frequency that can be used for skywave propagation
between two specific points on earths surface. 111.If a heart measures 12.5 cm from side to side at its widest point,
a. Critical Frequency b. MUF c. Cut-off frequency d. center and its image on chest radiograph measures 14.7 cm, what is the
frequency magnification factor?
ANSWER: a a. 0.85 b. 1.18 c. 0.15 d. 2.2
ANSWER:1.18
100.Electromagnetic waves that are directed above the horizon level. SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
a. ground waves b. surface waves c. sky waves d. space waves MF= (image size)/(object size)
ANSWER: c MF= (14.7 cm)/(12.5 cm)
MF= 1.18
101.An acoustical phenomenon wherein the sound continues to persist
after the cause of sound has stopped resulting in repeated reflections is 112.Radiation doses in the range of approximately200 to 1000 rad
called produce the
a. echo b. reverberation c. reflection d. a. Gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome
diffraction b. Central Nervous System (CNS) syndrome
ANSWER:b. reverberation c. Hematologic syndrome
d. Prodomal syndrome
102.A group of filters has 1/3 octave of spacing. If the initial frequency ANSWER: Hematologic syndrome
is 25 Hz, what is the next frequency available for the filter?
a.50 Hz b.12.5 Hz c.75 Hz d.31.5 Hz 113.Ratio of incident to transmitted radiation through a grid ratio of
ANSWER: d. 31.5 Hz patient dose with and without grid
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING): a. Bucky factor b. Damadian factor c. Grid ratio d. Roentgen
f2 = 2x f1 where x = 1/3, fraction of an octave equivalent
f2 = 21/3 x 25 = 31.5 Hz ANSWER:Bucky factor

103.+ 26 dBu is how many volts? 114.A radiographic single-phase unit installed in a private office has a
a. 7.75 V maximum capacity of 100 milliseconds of 120kVp and 500mA. What is
b. 15.5 V the power rating?
c. 31 V a. 42 kW b. 60 kW c. 600W d. 24kW
d. 62 V ANSWER:42 kW
ANSWER: b. 15.5 V SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING): Power rating=(0.7)x (mA x kVp)/1000
V (dBu) = 20 log [ voltage in Volts / 0.775 Volts ] Power rating=(0.7)x ((500)(120))/1000
26 = 20 log [ voltage in Volts / 0.775 V ] Power rating=42 kW
26 / 20 = log [ voltage in Volts / 0.775 V ] = 1.3
Voltage = log-1 (1.3) x 0.775 V 115.Who completes the development of first computed tomographic
Voltage = 15.5 V (CT) scanner (EMI, Ltd.) in 1973?
a. Mistretta b. Forssmann c. Kuhl d. Hounsfield
104.A type of microphone that uses the principle of a capacitor as a ANSWER: Hounsfield
means of transduction. It uses a polarizing voltage of between 9 and
48 V of DC supply applied to its diaphragm by an external power 116.It is the study of the response of an image receptor to x-rays
supply. a. sensitometry b. xeroradiography c. xeroradiometry d.
a.Dynamic b.Condenser c.Ribbon d.Carbon spectrometry
ANSWER:b. Condenser ANSWER:sensitometry

105.Determine the sound power in Watts produced by the banks alarm 117.Ratio of radiographic contrast with a grid to that without a grid
if a by-stander heard the alarm at a sound pressure level of 100 dB- a. grid ratio b. contrast improvement factor
SPL. The by-stander is 100 ft away from the bank. c. Collidge factor d. Bucky factor
a.56.85 W b.55.68 W c.58.56 W d.58.65 W ANSWER:contrast improvement factor
ANSWER: d. 58.65 W
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING): 118.Analysis of persons irradiated therapeutically with superficial x-rays
PWL = SPL + 20 log D(m) + 8 has shown that the skin erythema dose required to affect 50% of
PWL = 100 + 20 log (100/3.28) + 8 = 137.68 dB-PWL persons so irradiated is about
137.68 = 10 log W + 120 a. 200 rad b. 400 rad c. 600 rad d. 800 rad
W = log-1 [(137.68 120)/10] ANSWER:600 rad
W = 58.65 Watts
119.ECG recording requires a bandwidth of 0.05 to ____ Hz
106.A loudspeaker produces an SPL of 85dB-SPL at 1 meter distance a. 1000 b. 540 c. 100 d. 40
and input electrical power of 1 W. How loud is the SPL at distance of 20 ANSWER:c. 100
meters if this speaker is driven to 10 W of electrical power?
a.82 dB-SPL b.69 dB-SPL c.65 dB-SPL d.79 dB-SPL 120.Find the potential generated if blood flowing in a vessel with radius
ANSWER: b. 69 dB-SPL 0.9 cm cuts a magnetic field of 250 G. Assume a volume flow rate of
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING): 175 cubic cm per second.
SPL@1m/1W = 85 dB-SPL (given) a. 206 uV b. 309 uV c. 903 uV d. 260 uV
SPL@20m/1W = 85 - 20 log (20m/1m) = 59 dB-SPL ANSWER:b. 309 uV
SPL@20m/10W = 59 + 10 log (10W/1W) = 69 dB-SPL SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
E= QB/50pa
107.A number from 0 to 1 representing the ability of a surface material E= ((175 cc.s)(250 G))/(50p(0.9cm))
to absorb sound energy is known as E= 309 uV
a.Sound absorption
b.Reflection coefficient 121.Period during which heart contracts.
c.absorption Coefficient a. Diastole b. Systole c. block mode d. Synapse
d.Room Constant ANSWER:
ANSWER:c. Absorption Coefficient b. Systole

108.The difference in dB between the loudest level of sound and the 122.Apparatus for measuring blood pressure
softest passage of sound is known as _ a. defibrillator b. electrocardiogram
a.Headroom c. plethysmograph d. sphygmomanometer
ANSWER:d. sphygmomanometer 137.A coding scheme that records the change in signal level since the
precious sample
123.Given the energy level of 6.624x10^-18 J imparted to an electron a. unipolar code b. PPM c. PCM d. delta modulation
stream by an X-ray device, calculate the frequency in MHz. ANSWER:d. delta modulation
a. 10^6 MHz b. 45.29 MHz c. 10^10 MHz d. 300 MHz
ANSWER:c. 10^10 MHz 138.Distortion created by using too low a sampling rate when coding
an analog signal for digital transmission
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) a. aliasing b. foldover distortion c. either a or b d. neither a nor b
f= E/h ANSWER:c. either a or b
f= (6.624x?10?^(-18) J)/(6.624x?10?^(-34) J-s)
f= 10^10 MHz 139.A network with bandwidth of 10 Mbps can pass only an average of
12000 frames per minute with each frame carrying an average of
124.It was first noted by Heinrich Hertz in 1887 and won Albert 10000 bits. What is the throughput of this network?
Einstein the Nobel Prize in 1905. It refers to the emission of electrons a. 1 Mbps b. 2 Mbps c. 3 Mbps d. 4 Mbps
from a clean metallic surface (phototube) when electromagnetic ANSWER: b.2 Mbps
radiation (light waves or X-rays) falls onto that surface.
a. Photoelectric effect b. Compton effect SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
c. Bremsstrahlung d. Mie effect Throughput= (12 000 x 10 000)/60 = 2 Mbps
ANSWER:a. Photoelectric effect
140.A telephone subscriber line must have an SNRdB above 40. What is
125.Unit of radiation exposure or amount of X-ray radiation that will the minimum number of bits?
produce 2.08x10^9 ion pairs per cubic centimetre of air at standard a. 3.56 b. 5.63 c. 6.35 d. 3.65
temperature and pressure (STP). ANSWER: c.6.35
a. Curie b. Roentgen
c. Radiation absorbed dose (rad) d. Gray SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:b. Roentgen SNRdB = 6.02nb + 1.76 = 40
n = 6.35
126.An optical electronic device that measures the color concentration
of a substance in solution. 141.The thick coaxial cable implementation of standard Ethernet
a. colorimeter b. flame photometer a. 1000 Base-T b. 10 Base-T c. 10 Base 2 d. 10 Base 5
c. spectrophotometer d. chromatograph ANSWER:d. 10 Base 5
ANSWER:a. colorimeter
142.A bit pattern or a character added to the beginning and the end of
127.Recording of heart sounds a frame to separate the frames
a. ultracardiography b. cardioacoustics a. Flag b. Firewall c. Frameguard d. Footprint
c. electrocardiogram d. phonocardiography ANSWER:a. Flag
ANSWER:d. phonocardiography
143.An IPv4 has an address space of how many?
128.Recorder for measuring galvanic skin resistance a. 4294967296 b. 6927694924 c. 2449692769 d. 9672969442
a. electrodermograph b. electromyograph ANSWER:a. 4294967296
c. electrocorporealograph d. electrogalvanograph
ANSWER:a. electrodermograph SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
232 = 4294967296
129.It consists of 36 unique codes representing the 10 digits and 26
uppercase letters 144.What is the bit rate of STS 1?
a. Discrete code b. code 39 c. continuous code d. 20 code a. 51.84 Mbps b. 64 kbps c. 100 Mbps d. 2.4 GHz
ANSWER:b. code 39 ANSWER:a. 51.84 Mbps

130.The first fixed- length character code developed for machines 145.A block coding technique in which four bits are encoded into a five
rather than for people bit code
a. ASCII Code b. Gray Code c. EBCDIC code d. Baudot Code a. Baudot b. 2B1Q Encoding c. 4B/5B Encoding d. 4A/5A
ANSWER:d. Baudot Code Encoding
ANSWER:c. 4B/5B Encoding
131.The early pioneer in the development of error-detection and
correction procedures 146.A national standards organization that defines standards in the
a.Richard W. Hamming b. William R. Hamming c. Emile Baudot d. United States
Samuel Baudot a. ANSI b. FCC c. ITU d. CCITT
ANSWER:Richard W. Hamming ANSWER: ANSI

132.The most reliable convolutional coding scheme for error detection. 147.In asynchronous transmission, one or more bits to indicate the end
a. checksum b. LRC c. CRC d. VRC of transmission
ANSWER:c. CRC a. trailer b. flag c. escape byte d. stop bit
ANSWER:stop bit
133.For the given parameters, determine the energy per bit-to noise
power density ratio 148.What is the overhead (number of extra bits) in the DS-3 service?
C = 10e-12 W fb = 60 kbps a. 1.368 Mbps b. 1.480 Mbps c. 2.048 Mbps d. 6.024 Mbps
N = 1.2 x 10e-14`W B = 120 kHz ANSWER: 1.368 Mbps
a. 16.2 dB b. 14.2 dB c. 20.2 dB d. 22.2 dB
ANSWER:d. 22.2 dB 149.The minimum sampling rate according to Nyquist Theorem
a. equal to the lowest frequency of a signal
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) b. equal to the highest frequency of a signal
E_b/N_0 =10 log?[C/(N ) x B/f_b ] ; E_b/N_0 =10 log?[(?10?^(-12) c. twice the bandwidth of a signal
W)/(?1.2 x 10?^(-14) W ) x (120 kHz)/(60 kbps)] d. twice the highest frequency of a signal
ANSWER:d twice the highest frequency of a signal
134.A signal at the input to a mu-law compressor is positive with its
voltage one-half the maximum value. What proportion of the maximum 150.It is used in wireless applications in which stations must be able to
output voltage is produced? share the medium without interception by an eavesdropper and without
a. 0.786Vmax b. 0.876Vmax c. 0.867Vmax d. 0.678Vmax being subject to jamming from a malicious intruder
ANSWER:b. 0.876Vmax a. modulation b. Multiple access
c. multiple access d. Spread spectrum
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) ANSWER:d. spread spectrum
v=Vmax ln??(1+ uVin/Vmax)?/ln??(1+u)?
v=Vmax ln??(1+ ((255)(0.5Vmax))/Vmax)?/ln??(1+255)? 151.An error detection method which uses ones complement
v=0.876Vmax arithmetic
a. Checksum
135.Inaccuracies caused by the representation of a continuously b. CRC
varying quantity as one of a number of discrete values. c. Simple-parity check
a. alias signal b. slope overload c. distortion d. quantizing errors d. Two-dimensional parity check
ANSWER:d. quantizing errors ANSWER:a. Checksum

136.Circuit for digitizing voice at a low data rate by using knowledge of 152.It is a connecting device between two internetworks that use
the way in which voice sounds are produced different models
a. vocoder b. codec c. sample-and-hold circuit d. ADC a. Bridge
ANSWER:vocoder b. Gateway
c. Repeater ANSWER:D. 638 mW
d. router
ANSWERb. gateway 166.An isolator has a forward loss of 0.7 dB and a return loss of 26 dB.
A source provides 1 W to the isolator, and the load is resistive with an
153.It is an undesired shift or width change in digital bits of data due SWR of 3. How much power returns to the source?
to circuitry action which causes bits to arrive at different times a. 250 mW b. 350 W c. 535 W d. 690 W
a. alias b. impulse ANSWER:D. 5.43 x 108 m/s
c. jitter d. parity
ANSWER:c. jitter 167.It is a microwave device that allows RF energy to pass through in
one direction with very little loss, but absorbs RF power in the opposite
154.In PCM system, it is the ratio of the maximum input voltage level direction.
to the smallest voltage level that can be quantized a. multiplexer b. circulator c. isolator d. wave trap
a. Dynamic range ANSWER:C. isolator
b. Figure of merit
c. Quality factor 168.A metal wrapped around the parabolic antenna aperture to
d. Noise figure eliminate sidelobes interfering nearby stations is called
ANSWER: a. Dynamic range a. radome b. shield c. shroud d. bass drum
ANSWER:C. shroud
155.A multiplexer combines four 100-kbps channels using a time slot of
2 bits, determine the frame duration. 169.The wavelength of a wave in a waveguide _________.
a.20?s b.50?s c.100?s d.400?s a. is greater than in free space
ANSWER: a. 20?s b. depends only on the waveguide dimensions and the free space
wavelength
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) c. is inversely proportional to the phase velocity
The link carries 50,000 frames /sec d. is directly proportional to the group velocity
The frame duration = 1/50,000 = 20?s ANSWER:A. is greater than in free space

156.Determine the Hamming distance for the codewords ( 10101, 170.How many wavelengths long are required for a pair of conductors
11001) to be considered as a transmission line?
a.one b.two c.three d.five a. ? b. ? c. 1/10? d.
ANSWER: b. two 5/8 ?
ANSWER:c. 1/10?
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
10101 XOR 11001 = 01100 ( presence of two 1) 171.Determine the time taken for a signal to travel down a 10 m
transmission line, if its velocity factor is 0.7.
157.An address space is the total number of addresses used by the a. 23.33 ns b. 14.52ns c. 76.8 s d.
protocol, such as IPv4 and IPv6. What is the address space of IPv6? 47.6 ns
a.232 b.264 c.296 d.2128 ANSWER:d. 47.6 ns
ANSWER:d. 2128
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
158. It is a standard designed by ITU to allow telephones in the public T= L/ (Vf x Vc)
telephone T= 10 m/ (0.7)(3x108 m/s)
network to talk to computers/terminals connected to the internet T= 47.6 ns
a. H. 111 b. H.123 c. H.321 d. H. 323
ANSWER:d. H.323 172.The maximum voltage standing wave of an RG-11/U foam coaxial
cable is 52 V and its minimum voltage is 17 V. How many percent of
159.A computer monitor has a resolution of 1200 by 1000 pixels. If the incident power is the reflected power?
each pixel uses 1024 colors, how many bits are needed to send the a. 51% b. 26% c. 3% d.
complete contents of a screen? 97%
a. 12 Gigabits ANSWER:b. 26%
b. 1. 2 Gigabits
c. 120 Megabits SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
d. 12 Megabits ? 2 = Pr/Pi
ANSWER:d. 12 Megabits ? = SWR-1 ; SWR = Vmax/ Vmin = 52/17 = 3.05
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) SWR+1
1,200 times 1000 pixels x 10 bits = 12 Mb ? = 3.05 1 = 0.51
1024 colors requires 10 bits , 210 = 1024 3.05 +1
Thus : ? 2 = (0.51)2 = 0.26
160.By how much should two antennas be separated for space
diversity in the 11 GHz band? 173. The reflected power is 26 % of the incident power
a. 5.5 m b. 7.5m c. 9.5m At exactly one-quarter wavelength, the short-circuited transmission
d. 11.5m line behaves as a(an) ___________ circuit.
ANSWER: a. inductive b. capacitive c. parallel-resonant d. series-
A. 5.5 m resonant
ANSWER:c. parallel-resonant
161.What is the phase velocity of a rectangular waveguide with a wall
separation of 3 cm and a desired frequency of operation of 6 GHz? 174. Determine the phase-shift represented by a 75 ns delay of a 4
a. 3.45 x 108 m/s b. 4.35 x 108 m/s c. 4.53 x 108 m/s d. 5.43 x MHz signal to a 75-ft cable with a dielectric constant of 2.3.
108 m/s a. 108 degrees b. 4.8 degrees c. 52 degrees d. 250
ANSWER:D. 5.43 x 108 m/s degrees
ANSWER:a. 108 degrees
162.A transmitter and a receiver is 45 km apart. Suppose that there is
an obstacle midway between the transmitter and receiver. By how SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
much must the path between the towers clear the obstacle in order to T = 360 td / T
avoid diffraction at a frequency of 11 GHz? T =1/f = 1 / 4MHz = 250 ns
a. 17.52 m b. 10.51 m c. 8.76 m d. 7.52 m T = 360 (75) / 250 = 108 degrees
ANSWER:B. 10.51 m
175. Which of the following is a flat conductor separated by an
163.How far from the transmitter could a signal be received if the insulating dielectric from a large ground plane that is usually one-
transmitting and receiving antennas where 40 m and 20 m, quarter or one-half wavelength long?
respectively, above level terrain? a. stripline b. microstrip c. twin-lead wire d.
a. 44.5 km b. 45.4 km c. 54.4 km d. None of the choices shielded-pair
ANSWER:A. 44.5 km ANSWER:b. microstrip

164.A signal propagated in a waveguide has a full wave of electric 176.One complete revolution around a Smith Chart represents
intensity change between two further walls, and no component of the _________ wavelengths.
electric field in the direction of propagation. The mode is a. ? b. ? c. 1 ? d. 2 ?
a. TE11 b. TE10 c. TM22 d. TE20 ANSWER:a. ?
ANSWER:D. TE20
177. A mismatched transmission line is also referred to as a
165.An isolator has a forward loss of 0.7 dB and a return loss of 26 dB. ___________ line.
A source provides 1 W to the isolator, and the load is resistive with an a. lossy b. lossless c. non-resonant d.
SWR of 3. How much power is dissipated in the load? resonant
a. 1 W b. 851 mW c. 750 mW d. 638 mW ANSWER:d. resonant
178. It is the ratio of the speed of propagation on a line to that of light 0.0752
in free-space. G= 9474.8
a. velocity factor b. refractive index c. dielectric constant d. G = 10 log 9474.8
standing-wave ratio G = 39.8 dBi
ANSWER:a. velocity factor
190. It is a phenomenon caused by any support insulators used at the
179. Which of the following is the most widely used UTP cable that can ends of the wire antenna.
carry baseband data at rates up to 100 Mbps at a range up to 100m? a. skin effect b. end effect c. faraday effect d. miller
a. CAT 4 b. CAT 5 c. CAT 5e d. CAT 6 effect
ANSWER:b. CAT 5 ANSWER:b. end effect

180.The modulated peak value of a signal is 125V and the 191.A/an _______ is a range of frequency in which the upper
unmodulated carrier value is 85V. What is the modulation index? frequency is double the lower frequency.
a.0.47 b. 1.47 c. 0.68 d. 0.32 a. bandwidth b. frequency doubler c. octave d. harmonics
ANSWER:a.0.47 ANSWER: c. octave
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
m = Em/ Ec 192.Determine the worst-case output S/N for a narrowband FM
Emax = Ec + Em ; Em = Emax Ec = 125 85 = 40 V receiver with deviation maximum of 10 kHz and a maximum
m = 40V/ 85V = 0.47 intelligence frequency of 3 kHz. The S/N input is 3:1.
a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 16
181.The total transmitted power of an AM broadcast transmitter with a ANSWER:a. 10
carrier power of 50kW when modulated 80 percent is:
a. 62.5kW b. 66W c. 66kW SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
d. 40kW F = sin-1 (1/3) = 19.5 or 0.34 rad
ANSWER:c. 66kW d = F x fi
= 0.34 x 3 kHz = 1 kHz
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) The S/N will be
Pt = Pc ( 1 + m2/2) 10 kHz/ 1 kHz = 10
Pt = 50,000 ( 1 + 0.82 /2)
Pt = 66,000 W 193.A small variable capacitance in parallel with each section of ganged
Pt = 66kW capacitor is called _______.
a. trimmer b. converter c. padder d. autodyne
182.One of the advantages of DSB is the savings of great deal of ANSWER: a. trimmer
power. Which of the following is the reason why it is not widely used?
a. the signal occupies a narrow bandwidth b. the signal has a low 194.The sensitivity of a radio receiver is given in terms of dBm. If the
S/N c. the signal is weak at high frequencies d. receiver is receiving 200 mW, what is the corresponding dBm of this
the signal is difficult to demodulate signal?
ANSWER:d. the signal is difficult to demodulate a. 46dBm b. -46 dBm c. 23 dBm d. -23
dBm
183.If the input in a transmitter is collector-modulated, the system is ANSWER:C
called a _______________________.
a. low level modulator b. high-level SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
modulator c. differential- amplifier modulator dBm for 200 mW = 10 log (200mW/1mW) = 23 dBm
d. lattice modulator
ANSWER:b. high-level modulator 195.An antenna with a noise temperature of 75 Kelvin is connected to a
receiver input with a noise temperature of 300 K. Given the reference
184. The input to an FM receiver has a S/N of 2.8. What is the temperature T0 = 290 K, find the noise figure of the system.
frequency deviation caused by the noise if the modulating frequency is a. 0.97 dB b. 3.6 dB c. 6.02 dB d. 7.2 dB
1.5KHz and the permitted deviation is 4KHz? ANSWER:B
a. 1,460.8 Hz b. 547.8 Hz c. 2.67 Hz d.
4,107.3 Hz SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:b. 547.8 Hz The total noise temperature of the antenna and receiver is NTtot =
75+ 300 = 375.
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) The noise temperature is given by:
? = ? fm where: NT noise temp, NR = Noise ratio
? = sin -1 N/S = sin -1 1/2.8 = 0.3652 Rearranging the above to find NR gives:
? = (0.3652)(1.5KHz) = 547.8 Hz NR = (375/290) +1 = 2.29
The Noise figure is the decibel equivalent of the noise ratio, such that:
185. What circuit is used to return the frequency response of a signal NF = 10 log NR = 3.6 dB
to its normal, flat level?
a. pre-emphasis b. de-emphasis 196.The modulation index of an AM radio station is 0.75. If the carrier
c. carrier-recovery d. frequency-multiplier power is 500W, what is the total transmitted power?
ANSWER:b. de-emphasis a. 391 W b. 438 W c. 641 W d. 688 W
ANSWER:C
186.It is the most common means of overcoming the problems of
quantizing error and noise. SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
a. multiplexing b. companding c. amplifying d. anti-aliasing The modulation index m is related to the total transmitted power Pt by:
ANSWER:b. companding where Pt = total transmitted power, Pc = carrier power

187.________________ means that the characteristics and 197.An FM transmitter system is using a 1MHz crystal oscillator to
performance of an antenna are the same whether the antenna is generate a very stable 108MHz final carrier frequency. The output of
radiating or intercepting an electromagnetic signal. the crystal oscillator is fed to a x36 multiplier circuit then mixed with a
a. antenna reciprocity b. antenna polarization 34.5 MHz signal. The sum output of the mixer is filtered out, while the
c. antenna grounding d. tower sway difference is fed to another multiplier in order to generate the final
ANSWER:a. antenna reciprocity carrier frequency. What is the multiplier value?
a. 108 b. 3 c. 1.5 d. 72
188.Which of the following methods is used to lower the resonant ANSWER: D
frequency of a shortened vertical antenna?
a. loading coil b. top hat loading SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
c.drooping radials d. grounding Basic Block Diagram of the FM carrier generator:
ANSWER:b. top hat loading 1 MHz carrier > x 36 > Mixer > Multiplier > 108MHz carrier
First Multiplier output:
189. Calculate the gain (relative to an isotropic) of a parabolic antenna 1MHz x 36 = 36 MHz
that has a diameter of 3 m, an efficiency of 60% and operates at a Mixer output:
frequency of 4 GHz. 36MHz + 34.5 MHz = 70.5MHz (filtered output)
a. 39.8 dBi b. 41.94 dBi c. 37.66dBi d. 36MHz 34.5 MHz = 1.5 MHz (difference fed to the next
79.53 dBi multiplier)
ANSWER:a. 39.8 dBi Multiplier stage:
Output = 108MHz
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) Output = 1.5MHz x n
G = ? ?2 D2/ ?2 N = 108/1.5
= 72
? = 3x108/ 4MHz = 0.075 m
G = 0.6?2(3)2
198.In pulse-code modulation, it translates the quantized samples into a. 8 b. 6 c. 36 d. 40
digital code words. ANSWER:D
a.ADC b. DAC c. encoder d. decoder SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:c. encoder An FM signal requires 10 times the bandwidth of the original signal.

199.It is an error detection technique in which a redundant bit is BW=10x4

appended to every data unit so that the total number of 1s in the unit = 40 MHz
(including the parity bit) becomes even.
a.vertical redundancy check b. longitudinal redundancy check 211.For PCM system with the following parameters determine the
c. cyclic redundancy check d. checksum minimum number of bits used.
ANSWER: a. vertical redundancy check Maximum analog frequency= 4 khz, maximum decoded
voltage=2.55,
200.A local area network topology in which the individual terminal, Minimum dynamic range= 199.5
microcomputers or workstations are connected directly to a central a. 7 b. 6 c. 8 d. 9
computer. ANSWER:C
a. Star b. Ring c. Bus d. Mesh
ANSWER:a. Star 212.A network topology in which data circulates from one computer to
the next in sequence.
201.The only way to achieve high data rates with a narrowband a. ring b. star c. bus d. mesh
channel is to increase the number of bits per symbol, the most reliable ANSWER:a. ring
way to do this is to use a combination of amplitude and phase
modulation known as _________. 213.Find the maximum dynamic range for linear PCM system using 8-
a. quadrature amplitude modulation b. phase shift keying bit quantizing
c. frequency shift keying d. frequency modulation a. 2.01 dB b. 20.1 dB c. 49.92 dB d. 4.992 dB
ANSWER:a. quadrature amplitude modulation ANSWER:c. 49.92 dB

202.Find the maximum dynamic range for a linear PCM system using SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
16-bit quantizing. DR = 1.76 + 6.02(m)
a. 4.82 dB b. 25.84 dB c. 51.68 dB d. 98.08 dB DR = 1.76 + 6.02(8)
ANSWER:d. 98.08 dB
214.What frequencies would be generated by a telephone using DTMF
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) signalling, when the number 8 is pressed?
DR = 1.76 + 6.02m; dB a. 697 Hz and 1477 Hz b. 941 Hz and 1633 Hz
DR = 1.76 + 6.02(16) c. 852 Hz and 1336 Hz d. 770 Hz and 1209 Hz
DR = 98.08 dB ANSWER:c. 852 Hz and 1336 Hz

203.Compute the baud rate for a 72000 bps 64-QAM signal. 215.It is a means of transmitting data by shifting the phase angle of
a. 12000 baud b. 1200 baud c. 120000 baud d. 12 baud the transmitted signal.
ANSWER:a. 12000 baud a. FSK b. PSK c. ASK d. QAM
ANSWER:b. PSK
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
A 64-QAM signal means that there are 6 bits per signal element since 216.The name given for a set of standards for communicating among
26 = 64. computers in which the primary purpose is to serve as a structural
Therefore, baud rate = 72000/6 guideline for exchanging information between computers, workstations
baud rate = 12000 baud and networks.
a. OSI b. TCP/IP c. PDU d. LAN
204.A telephone signal takes 2ms to reach its destination. Calculate the ANSWER:a. OSI
via net loss required for an acceptable amount of echo.
a.0.6 dB b. 1 dB c. 0.4 dB d. 0.8 dB 217.Any transmission system which conveys more than one signal
ANSWER:d. 0.8 dB simultaneously can experience this type of interference due to the
reception of portions of a signal from one channel in another channel.
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) a. Distortion b. Noise c. Crosstalk d. Echo
VNL = 0.2t + 0.4dB ANSWER:c. Crosstalk
VNL = 0.2 (2ms) + 0.4 dB
VNL = 0.8 dB 218.What type of digital modulation scheme uses two or more different
output frequencies?
205.Telephone switch that connects only to other switches, and not to a. PSK b. FSK c. QAM d. QPSK
individual customers. ANSWER:b. FSK
a.central office b. toll station c. tandem office d. PSTN
ANSWER:c. tandem office 219.It is an error-correcting code used for correcting transmission
errors in synchronous data streams.
206.It is a form of digital modulation similar to PSK except the digital a. Hamming code b. Morse Code
information is contained in both amplitude and the phase of the c. ASCII code d. Baudot code
transmitted carrier. ANSWER:a. Hamming Code
a. FSK b. ASK c. QAM d.BPSK
ANSWER:c. QAM 220.A suite of protocols that allows a wide variety of computers to
share the same network.
207.The most common circuit used for demodulating binary FSK a. TCP/IP b. HTTP c. FTP d. SMTP
signals. ANSWER:a. TCP/IP
a. squarer b. PLL c. bandpass filter d.frequency divider
ANSWER:b. PLL 221.Noise that is primarily caused by lightning. Often called as Static
Noise.
208.We have an audio signal with a bandwidth of 4KHz.What is the a.external noise b. equipment noise
bandwidth needed if we modulate the signal using AM? Ignore FCC c. atmospheric noise d. space noise
regulations for now. ANSWER:c. atmospheric noise
a. 4 KHz b. 8 GHz c. 8 KHz d. 4 GHz
ANSWER:b. 8 KHz 222.A modulation technique in which the frequency of the modulated
signal varies with the amplitude of the modulating signal
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING) a. AM b. FM
BW = 2 x 4 KHz c. PM d. HM
= 8 KHz ANSWER:a. AM

209.We have an audio signal with a bandwidth of 4 MHz. what is the 223.Is a form of constant amplitude angle modulation similar to
bandwidth if we modulate the signal using FM? Ignore FCC regulations. standard frequency modulation except the modulating signal is a binary
a. 8 b. 6 c. 36 d. 40 signal that varies between two discrete voltage levels rather than a
ANSWER:D continuously changing analog waveform.
a. ASK b. FSK c. CP-FSK d. BPSK
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) ANSWER:b. FSK
An FM signal requires 10 times the bandwidth of the original signal.
BW=10x4 224.The highest layer in the hierarchy and is analogous to the general
= 40 MHz manager of the network by providing access to the OSI environment.
a. Application layer b. Presentation Layer
210.We have an audio signal with a bandwidth of 4 MHz. what is the c. Transport layer d. Session Layer
bandwidth if we modulate the signal using FM? Ignore FCC regulations. ANSWER:a.Application layer
225.What is the equation for Hartleys Law? 241.A ___________ is similar to a phasor diagram except that the
a. I=ktB b. C=2Blog2M c. fa=fs-fm d. entire phasor is not drawn.
N=2^m a. Product modulator b. constellation diagram
ANSWER: a. c. truth table d. none of the above
ANSWER:b. constellation diagram
226.Network topology wherein individual terminals, microcomputers
and workstations are connected directly to a central computer. 242.It was the first fixed length character code.
a. Mesh b. Bus c. Ring d. Star a. ASCII Code b. Baudot Code
ANSWER: d. c. Morse Code d. EBCDIC Code
ANSWER:b. Baudot Code
227.The loss of data that occurs when two stations transmit at the
same time on a network. 243.It involves transmitting each character twice.
a. multitasking b. cross-over c. collision d. traffic a. Error Correction b. Redundancy
ANSWER: c. c. Checksum d. Parity
ANSWER:b. Redundancy
228.A term used to describe a telephone instrument whose handset is
on its cradle, ready to receive a ring signal. 244.The __________ provides the mathematical justification for using a
a.On hook b. Off hook c. crosstalk d. sidetone Gaussian Process as a model for a large number of different physical
ANSWER:a.On hook phenomena in which the random variable, at a particular instant of
time, is the result of a large number of individual random events.
229.The most commonly used digital modulation scheme. a. Gaussian Theorem b. Central Limit Theorem
a.PCUM b. PPM c. PDM d. PCM c. Poisson Distribution d. Gaussian Distribution
ANSWER:d. PCM ANSWER:b. Central Limit Theorem

230.Simple form of redundancy error checking where each character 245. A set of communication facilities allowing direct access to 64kpbs
has a numerical value assigned to it. The characters within a message data streams (or multiples of) for drop and insert. A form of cell relay,
are combined together to produce an error checking character. supports B-ISDN.
a. CRC b. LRC c. Checksum d. VRC a. synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) b. Synchronization
ANSWER:c. Checksum c. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) d. Asynchronous
ANSWER:c. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
231.Is an eight-bit fixed length character set developed in 1962 by the
International Business Machines Corporation. 246. A series of pulses, in which the timing of each pulse represents
a. ASCII code b. Baudot Code c EBCDIC code d. Code 39 the ampltitude of the information signal at a given time.
ANSWER:c. EBCDIC code a. Pulse Width Modulation b. Pulse Code Modulation
c. Pulse Duration Modulation d. Pulse Position Modulation
232.The most commonly used digital modulation scheme. ANSWER:d. Pulse Position Modulation
a.PCUM b. PPM c. PDM d. PCM
ANSWER:d. PCM 247. A line of sight radio link operating at a frequency of 6GHz has a
separation of 40km between antennas. An obstacle in the path is
233.An attempt is made to transmit base band frequency of 30khz located 10km form the transmitting antenna. By how much must the
using a digital audio system with a sampling rate of 44.1khz. What beam clear the obstacle?
audible frequency would result? a.11.6m b. 11.6ft c. 10.6m d. 10.6ft
a. 14.1KHz b. 74.1KHz c. 14.1MHz d. 7.05KHz ANSWER:a.11.6m
ANSWER:A
248. Variation in received field strength over time due to changes in
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) propagation conditions.
fa = fs fm a. Repeater b. Fading c. Fresnel Zone d. Diversity
= 44.1KHz 30KHz ANSWER:b. Fading
= 14.1 KHz
249.The atomic weight of an element is approximately determined by
234.Calculate the capacity of a telephone channel that has a S/N of a. the number of neutrons b. the number of protons
1023? c. the number of protons and neutrons d. the number of electrons
a. 16,000 b/s b. 30,000 b/s c. 25,000b/s d. 3000 b/s ANSWER:C
ANSWER:B
250.Of the following substances the most conductor is
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) a. air b copper c. iron d. salt water
The telephone channel has a bandwidth of about 3KHz ANSWER:A
C= BW log2 (1+ S/N)
= 3 x 103 log2 (1+ 1023) 251.The volt is the standard unit of
=30000 b/s a. currrent b. charge c. electromotive force d. resistance
ANSWER:C
235.Designed to send characters of the message with the specified bit
rate but without any fixed timing relationship from one character to the 252.Which of the following antenna types is not designed for
next. transmitting at 10 Ghz
a. asynchronous b. synchronous a. horn antenna b dish antenna c. Zepp antenna d. helical
c. error detection d. error corection antenna
ANSWER:A ANSWER:C

236.Token Ring Standard 253.The type of radio wave responsible for long distance
a. 802.2 b. 802.3 c. 802.4 d. 802.5 communications by multiple skips is the:
ANSWER:d. 802.5 a. Ground Wave b. Direct Wave c. Surface Wave d. Sky Wave
ANSWER:b. Direct Wave
237.Combination of compression at the transmitter and expansion at
the receiver of communications system. 254.Line of sight communications is not a factor in which frequency
a. Decoding b. Companding c. compression d. Coding range?
ANSWER:b. Companding a. VHF b. UHF c. HF d. Microwave
ANSWER:c. HF
238. A device launches or receives a wave in a transmission line or
waveguide in one direction only. 255.It refers to the rate of change of a signal on the transmission
a. crossed-field tube b. directional coupler medium after encoding and modulation have occurred.
c. linear-beam tube d. slow-wave structure a. Bit rate b. Baud c. bit d. Signalling element
ANSWER:b. directional coupler ANSWER:b. Baud

239.A type of linear-beam microwave tube that uses velocity 256.It was the first fixed-length character code developed for machines
modulation of the electron beam rather than people.
a. buncher b. Gunn device c. Bunching d. klystron a. ASCII code b. Baudot code c. EBCDIC code d. Code 39
ANSWER:d. klystron ANSWER:b. Baudot Code

240._______________ is used to position samples of the different 257.A receiver-transmitter station used to increase the communications
message signals in non-overlapping time slots. range of VHF, UHF and microwave signals is called a(n):
a. FDM b. TDM c. CSMA-CD d. Hamming Code a. Transceiver b. Remitter c. Repeater d. Amplifier
ANSWER:b. TDM ANSWER:C. Repeater
258.It represents the simplest whole number ratio of the various types a. Spread spectrum c. Frequency division multiplexing
of atoms in a compound. b. Phase shift keying d. Quadrature amplitude modulation
a. molecular formula b. chemical formula c. reactants d. ANSWER:a. Spread spectrum
empirical formula
ANSWER:D 277.The computers that hold shared files, programs and the network
operating system. They also provide access to network resources to all
259.It is a term that is often misunderstood and commonly confused the users of the network.
with bit rate (bps) a. Servers c. Transmission media
a. Bandwidth b ASK c. Baud d. FSK b. Clients d. Peripherals
ANSWER:C ANSWER:a. Servers

260.Defined as the optimum level of a test tone on a channel at same 278.It is defined by the ITU-T as a service that provides transmission
point in a communication system. channels capable of supporting transmission rates greater than the
a. transmission level point b. transmission level primary data rate.
c. data level point d. error detecion a. Broadband ISDN c. LAN Topology
ANSWER:A b. Asynchronous Transfer Mode d. Ethernet
ANSWER: a. Broadband ISDN
261.Duplicating each data unit for the purpose of detecting errors is a
form of error detection called ___________. 279.It is the only error-correction scheme that actually detects and
a. burst b. redundancy c. error correction d. error detection corrects transmission errors when they are received without requiring a
ANSWER:B transmission..
a. Forward Error Correction c. Code 39
262. Determine the wavelength of a 4 Ghz signal. b. Character Synchronization d. Line Control Scheme
a. 0.0075m b. 75m c. 750m ANSWER:a. Forward Error Correction
d. 0.075m
ANSWER: d. 0.075m 280.This OSI Layer is responsible for network availability, data storage
and processor capacity. It also determines the type of dialogue
263. What is the device that converts energy from one form to available.
another? a. Session layer c. Data layer
a. transducer b. converter c. transceiver d. inverter b. Network layer d. Transport layer
ANSWER:a. transducer ANSWER:a. Session layer

264. It may be defined as any undesired voltages or currents that 281. It is often defined as the loss incurred by an electromagnetic wave
ultimately end up appearing in the receiver output. as it propagates in a straight line through a vacuum with no absorption
a. reflection b. Electrical noise c. interference d. loss or reflection of energy from nearby objects.
ANSWER:b. Electrical noise a. transmission loss b. atmospheric loss
c. free space path loss d. spreading loss
265.The channel capacity of a 5 kHz bandwidth binary system is ____ ANSWER: c
bits/s. Assuming no noise.
a. 1,000 b. 10,100 c. 10,000 d. 100,000 282.What do you call the accumulation of additional sounds such as
ANSWER:c. 10,000 wind, street noise, other voices that contribute to what the listener
hear?
266. Microwaves are frequencies above _____ GHz. a. natural sound b. ambience c. sound amplitude d. flutter sound
a. 2 b. 3 c. 1 d. None of the above ANSWER: b. ambience
ANSWER: c.1
283.It is a single transmission path from transmitter to receiver with
267. The government agencies that regulates radio communications in line of sight range.
the US is the ________. a. diversity b. direct path c. jitter d. hop
a. NCC b. FCC c. KBP d. PDCC ANSWER: D. hop
ANSWER: b. FCC (Federal Communications Commision)
284. It is defined by the average rate at which energy is carried out per
268. A wave guide acts a/an _______ filter unit area.
a. high-pass b. low-pass c. Either a or b d. None of the above a. Harmonics b. Intensity c. Frequency d. Interference
ANSWER:a. High-pass ANSWER:b. intensity

269. Coax is not used beyond frequencies of about ______ GHz. 285.What happens to the frequency of the wave and to its wavelength
a. 6 b. 10 c. 4 d. 2 when a sound wave produced in one medium enters another medium
ANSWER:a. 6 with a different speed?
a. the frequency of the wave and wavelength changes
270. Data Communications refers to the transmission of ________. b. the frequency of the wave changes while the wavelength stays the
a.voice b. video c. Computer data d. All of the above same
ANSWER:d. all of the above c. the frequency of the wave stays the same while the wavelength
changes
271.Determine the peak frequency deviation for a binary FSK signal d. the frequency of the wave and wavelength remains the same
with a mark frequency of 49 kHz, space frequency of 51kHz and an ANSWER: c. the frequency of the wave stays the same while the
input bit rate of 2kbps. wavelength changes.
a. 1 kHz b. 1.5 kHz c. 2 kHz d. 2.5 kHz
ANSWER: a. 1 kHz 286.An interest rate of 10% compounded continuously is desired of an
investment of P15,000. How many years will be required to recover the
272.It is often used to compare the performance of one digital capital with the desired interest if P2,500 is received each year?
modulation technique to another. a. 3.579 years b. 5.973 years c. 9.375 years d. 7.953 years
a. bandwidth efficiency c. dynamic range ANSWER:c. 9.375 years
b. baud rate d. Costas loop
ANSWER:a. bandwidth efficiency SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING)
A=Pert
273.It is the process of converting an infinite number of possibilities to 15,000 = 15,000e0.10t-2500t
a finite number of conditions. t = 9.375 years
a. quantization c. aliasing
b. sampling d. digitization 287.What is the pH level of toilet soap?
ANSWER:a. quantization a. 14 b. 4 c. 10 d. 7
ANSWER:c.10
274.For a PCM system with a maximum analog frequency of 4kHz,
determine the minimum sample rate. 288.The process of combining multiple audio signals into one track is
a. 8 kHz b. 9 kHz c. 10 kHz d. 11 kHz called?
ANSWER:a. 8 kHz a. audio mixing b. stereo panning c. stereo mixing d. audio
signal processing
275.It is another relatively simple form of redundancy error checking ANSWER: a. audio mixing
where each character has a numerical value assigned to it.
a. Checksum c. Longitudinal redundancy checking 289.The speed of sequence of musical notes is called?
b. Vertical redundancy checking d. Cyclic redundancy checking a. pitch b. tempo c. timbre d. musical instrument digital interface
ANSWER:a. Checksum (MIDI)
ANSWER: b. tempo
276.It is a modulation and multiplexing technique that distributes the
signal and its sidebands over a very wide bandwidth.
290. If the frequency of a sound is increased, what will happen to its c. mounting is easier
pitch? d. support is easier
a. decreases b. increases c. remains the same d.none of the above ANSWER: B
ANSWER: b. increases
306. The shape of the electromagnetic energy radiated from or
291.A type of microwave protection system where each working received by an antenna is called the
channel has a dedicated back up or spare channel. a. signal shape
a.Frequency diversity b. electromagnetic pattern
b. Space diversity c. radiation pattern
c. Hybrid diversity d. antenna pattern
d. Hot Standby ANSWER: C
ANSWER: D. Hot Standby
307. Antennas that transmit an equal amount of energy in the
292.A method of nonspontaneous lysing (splitting) of a substance by horizontal direction are called
the input of electrical energy, and is often used to decompose a a. bi-directional
compound into its elements. b. unidirectional
a. extraction b. electrolysis c.excitation d. fixation c. omnidirectional
ANSWER:b. electrolysis d. unilateral
ANSWER: C
293.Also known as Pin 21 of the RS-232 interface on D connector, this
connection allows signals to be transmitted from the DCE to the 308. The ability of an antenna to send or receive signals over a narrow
attached DTE whenever there is a high probability of an error in the horizontal directional range is referred to as
received data due to the quality of the circuit falling below a predefined a. focal factor
level. b. permittivity
a. DCE transmitter signal element timing b. color quality selector c. directivity
c. signal quality detector d. DTE transmitter signal element timing d. horizontal range
ANSWER:c. signal quality detector ANSWER: C

294.It is the electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely 309.A basic antenna connected to a transmission line plus one or more
charged ions. additional conductors that are not connected to the transmission line
a. ionic bonding b. covalent bonding form a
c. metallic bonding d. multiple bonding a. parasitic array
ANSWER:A. ionic bonding b. bi-directional array
c. half-wave dipole
295.What is the process in which the system adapts to the incoming d. counterpoise
audio level to keep the signal large enough to fill the systems dynamic ANSWER: A
range?
a. Decorrelation b. Lattice quantization 310.An antenna made up of a driven element and one or more parasitic
c. Companding d. Level allocatioN elements is generally referred to as a
ANSWER: a. Hertz antenna
b. Marconi antenna
296.______ which means that 2 or more bits in the data unit have c. collinear antenna
changed.? d. Yagi antenna
a. singe bit error b. double bit error ANSWER: D
c. burst error d. none of the above
ANSWER: C) burst error 311. Which antennas usually consist of two or more half-wave dipoles
mounted end to end?
297. It is a four-wire Gigabit Ethernet implementation. a. Hertz
a. 1000 Base-SX b. 1000 Base-LX c. 1000Base-T d. 1000 Base-CX b. Marconi
ANSWER:c. 1000 Base-T c. collinear
d. Yagi
298.It is a digital process that allows several connections to share the ANSWER: C
high bandwidth of a link.
a. TDM b. FDM c. WDM d. None of the above 312. A stacked collinear antenna consisting of half-wave dipoles spaced
ANSWER:a. TDM from one another by one-half wavelengths is the
a. broadside array
299.IEEE 802.11 is define in which MAC sublayer? b. end-fire array
a.NCF b.PCF c.DCF d. (b) and (c) c. wide-bandwidth array
ANSWER:d. (b) and (c) d. parasitic array
ANSWER: A
300.It is the oldest microwave tube design which is commonly used in
radar transmitters where they can generate peak power levels in the 313. When the characteristic impedance of the transmission line
megawatt range. matches the output impedance of the transmitter and the impedance of
a. Klystron b. Magnetron c. Microstrip d. crossed field tube the antenna itself,
ANSWER:b. Magnetron a. the SWR will be 10:1
b. the SWR will be 1:10
301.A modulation process wherein both frequence and phase remains c. minimum power transfer will take place
constant while the amplitude changes. d. maximum power transfer will take place
a. PSK b. ASK c. FSK d. QAM ANSWER: D
ANSWER:b. ASK
314.A one-quarter wavelength of coaxial or balanced transmission line
302.It is the most powerful redundancy checking technique which is of a specific impedance connected between a load and a source in
based on binary division. order to match impedances is
a. cheksum b. parity check a. a balun
c. cyclic redundancy check d. two dimensional parity b. an autotransformer
ANSWER:c. cyclic redundancy check c. a Q section
d. dummy load
303.What do you call the element with electrical properties between ANSWER: C
those of an insulator and a conductor?
a. Semiconductor b. Conduclator 315.It is the process of extracting a phase-coherent reference carrier
c. Insuductor d. Medium conductor from a receiver signal.
ANSWER:a. Semiconductor a. Carrier Recovery b. Squaring Loop
c. Costas Loop d. Remodulator
304.It is the term applied to any method of extinguishing a debt, ANSWER:a. Carrier Recovery
principal and interest, by a series of payments, usually at equal
intervals. 316.It is a potential problem whenever two metallic conductors carrying
a. calculation of fixed charges b. amortization different signals are located in close proximity to each other.
c. capacity costing d. repeatability assumption a. Hybrid b. Noise c. Crosstalk d. Echo
ANSWER:b. amortization suppresors
ANSWER:c. Crosstalk
305.Which of the following is not a reason why most half-wave
antennas are mounted horizontally at low frequencies? 317.What is the termed refer as the rapid degradation of output signal
a. physical construction is easier quality with channel induced errors?
b. more cost-effective a. threshold effect b intersymbol interference
 c. quantization d. saturation a. Coding b. Sampling c. Companding d. Quantization
ANSWER:a threshold effect ANSWER:d. Quantization

318.What was the first fixed-length character code developed for 333.It is the ratio of the largest possible magnitude to the smallest
machines rather than for people? possible magnitude that can easily be decoded by the digital to analog
a ASCII code b EBCDIC code c. Code 39 d. converter in the receiver.
Baudot code a. Sampling rate b. Noise Ratio
ANSWER:d. Baudot code c. Dynamic Range d. Coding Efficiency
ANSWER:c. Dynamic Range
319.A source whose output satisfies the condition of statistical
independence among letters in the sequence is said to be_____. 334.It is the institution that developed the ASCII (American Standard
a memoryless b stationary Code for Information Intertchange).
c. entropy d. equivocation a. ISO b. ANSI c. FCC d. IEEE
ANSWER:a. memoryless ANSWER:b. ANSI

320. Calculate the minimum data rate needed to transmit audio with 335.In early 1900s, he showed that any composite signal is a sum of a
sampling rate of 30 Khz and 14 bits per sample. set of sine waves of different frequencies, phases and amplitudes.
a. 420 b/s b. 420 Kb/s c. 420 Mb/s d. 420 Gb/s a. Henri Fourier b. Robert Fourier
ANSWER:420 Kb/s c. Jean-Baptiste Fourier d. Harry Nyquist
ANSWER:c. Jean-Baptiste Fourier
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
D = fsm 336.Find the binary equivalent of x8+x3+x+1.
= 30 x 103 x 14 a. 100001011 b. 011110100 c. 010000101 d. 110000101
= 420 x 103 b/s ANSWER:a. 100001011
= 420 Kb/s
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
321.Handles error recovery, flow control (synchronization), and x8+x7+x6+x5+x4+x3+x2+x+k
sequencing (which terminals are sending and which are receiving). It is 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
considered the media access control layer.
a. Transport Layer b. Session Layer c. Data Link Layer d. 337.Given a bandwidth of 6000 Hz for an ASK signal, what is the baud
Application Layer rate?
ANSWER:Data Link Layer a. 3000 Hz b. 2000 Hz c. 12000 Hz d. 6000 Hz
ANSWER:d. 6000 Hz
322. A MAC protocol for LANs, with stations connected topologically or
logically in a ring. Or the IEEE 802.5 LAN standard. SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
a. Token Ring b. Token Bus c. Token d. Topology baud rate = bandwidth
ANSWER:Token Ring 6000 Hz = 6000 Hz

323.A network topology where each device is connected to a centre 338.Compute the bit rate for a 2000 baud 16-QAM signal.
point and all data is routed through that point. a. 8000 bps b. 4000 bps c. 2000 bps d. 500 bps
a. Star stop transmission b. Star bits ANSWER:a. 8000 bps
c. Star network d. Star wired ring network
ANSWER:c. Star network SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
bit rate = baud * 4
324.A lasers use organic dyes enclosed in a glass tube for an active 2000 * 4 = 8000 bps
medium, dye is circulated into the tube with a pump. A powerful pulse
of light excites the organic dye. 339.It is an electronic device that is used for computer communications
a. Solid Lasers b. Semiconductor Lasers through telephone lines.
c. Gas Lasers d. Liquid Lasers a. hub b. Modem c. Router d. NIC
ANSWER:d. Liquid Lasers ANSWER:b. modem

325.Codes that have a restriction on the number of consecutive 1s or 340.A telephone line has a bandwidth of 4.5 kHz and a signal-to-noise
0s in a sequence. ratio of 40dB. A signal is transmitted down this line using a four level
a. Fixed weight code b. Linear Block codes code. What is the maximum theoretical data rate?
c. Systematic code d. Run length limited code a. 59.795 kbps b. 18 kbps c. 78 kbps d. 41.795 kbps
ANSWER:d. Run length limited code ANSWER: b. 18 kbps

326.Contains seven bytes (56 bits) of alternating 0s and 1s that alert SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
the receiving system to the coming frame and enable it to synchronize C = 2Blog2M = 2(4.5x103)log2(4) = 18 kbps
its input timing S/N = antilog (40/10) = 10000
a. padding b. preamble c. CRC d. signaling C = Blog2(1+S/N) = (4.5x103)log2(1+10000) = 59.795 kbps
ANSWER:b. preamble Since both results are maxima, we take the lesser of the two, 18
Kbps...
327.Every letter was encoded into fixed length of binary code words of
length 5. 341.Showed mathematically that it is posssible to reconstruct a band-
a. Manchester Code b. Baudot Code limited analog signal from periodic samples, as long as the sampling
c. Trellis Code d. Morse Code rate is at least twice the frequency of the highest frequency component
ANSWER:b. Baudot Code of the signal.
a. Shannon-Hartley b. Claude E. Shannon c. Harry Nyquist d. R. Hartley
328.The composite signal that modulates the FM carrier. ANSWER: c. Harry Nyquist
a. narrowband b.baseband c. sideband d. singleband
ANSWER:b. baseband 342.Find the maximum dynamic range for a linear PCM system using 8-
bit quantizing.
329.It is a simple means of error detection. It involves the addition of a. 62.24 dB b. 49.92 dB c. 20.10 dB d. 15.78 dB
one extra bit to the bits that encode a character. ANSWER: b. 49.92 dB
a. Parity b. Checksum
c. Hamming code d. Cyclic redundancy check SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:a. parity DR = 1.76 + 6.02m dB
= 1.76 + 6.02(8) dB
330.A data compression scheme that uses fewer bits to represent more = 49.92 dB
frequently occurring characters or bit patterns and more bits to
represent those occur less frequently. 343.In operation, many modern codecs achieved compresion by first
a. Cyclic redundancy check b. Bit stuffing encoding the signals using a 12-bit linear PCM code, then converting
c. Huffman coding d. Bit overhead the 12-bit linear code into an 8-bit compressed code by discarding
ANSWER:c. Huffman coding some of the bits. This is a simple example of:
a. Compression b. Differential PCM
331.Speed at which symbols are transmitted in a digital communication c. Vocoders d. Digital Signal Processing
systems. ANSWER: d. Digital Signal Processing
a. Bit rate b. Baud rate c. Data rate d. Flow rate
ANSWER:b. Baud rate 344.Sampling of an analog signal using a sample-and-hold circuit such
that the sample has the same amplitude for its whole duration.
332.It is the process of converting an infinite number of possibilities to a.Natural Sampling b. Flat-topped Sampling
a finite number of conditions. c. State Sampling d. Radom Sampling
ANSWER:b.Flat-topped Sampling
345.The basic building block of the FDM hierarchy. 359.In operation, many modern codecs achieved compresion by first
a.Message Channel b. Group encoding the signals using a 12-bit linear PCM code, then converting
c. Multiplexer d. Small Group the 12-bit linear code into an 8-bit compressed code by discarding
ANSWER:c. Message Channel some of the bits. This is a simple example of:
a. Compression b. Differential PCM
346.The GSM radio system uses GMSK in a 200kHzchannel, with a c. Vocoders d. Digital Signal Processing
channel data rate of 270.883 kbps. Calculate the frequency shift ANSWER: d. Digital Signal Processing
between mark and space.
a. 135.4165kHz b. 100kHz c. 270.883kHz d. 200kHz 360.A balanced modulator that will used in conjuction with a
ANSWER:a microwave generator, power amplifier, and band-pass filter, up-
converts the IF carrier to an RF carrier and amplifies the RF to the
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) desired output power.
Fm-fs=0.5fb=0.5*270.833kHz=135.4165kHz a. IF/RF modulator b. Transmit Modulator
c. Recieved Modulator d. Equalizer
347.For Ethernet system with a length of 2.5km on coaxial cable with a ANSWER: b. Transmit Modulator
velocity factor of 0.66. What is the propagation delay?
a. 12.6s b. 8.33s c. 1.27 s d. 13.88 s 361.What is the equation for Hartleys Law?
ANSWER:a a. I=ktB b. C=2Blog2M c. fa=fs-fm d. N=2^m
ANSWER:a.
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
T=d/(VfC)=2.5km/(0.66*300000000m/s)=12.6 s 362.The loss of data that occurs when two stations transmit at the
same time on a network
348.A signal at the input to a -Law compressor is positive, with its a. multitasking b. cross-over c. collision d. traffic
volatage one-half the maximum value. What proportion of the ANSWER: c.
maximum output voltage is produced?
a. 0.876Vo b. 0.678Vo c. 0.768Vo d. 0.867Vo 363.We have an audio signal with a bandwidth of 5 HHz. What is the
ANSWER:a bandwidth modulate the signal using FM? Ignore FCC regulation.
a.50 MHz b. 40MHz c. 30 MHz d. 20MHz
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) ANSWER:a. 50 MHz
Vo=Vo(ln(1+(255*0.5)))/ln(1+255)=0.876Vo
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING)
349.A telephone signal take 2ms to reach its destination. Calculate the BW= 10 x 5MHz
via net loss required for an acceptable amount of echo =50MHZ
a. 0.8dB b. 0.4004 dB c. 0.6 dB d. 2.6 dB
ANSWER:a 364.Used to established a point to point connection across a network.
a. ARP b.FTP c.TCP d.UDP
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) ANSWER: c. TCP
VNL=0.2t+0.4=(0.2*2)+0.4=0.8
365.An attempt is made to transmit a baseband frequency of 25kHz
350.Who invented the telegraph? using digital audio system with a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz. What
a. Carl Friedrich c. Alexander Grahambell audible frequency would result?
b. Samuel F.B Morse d. Emile Baudot a. 39.1kHz b.19.1kHZ c.29.1kHz d.14.1kHz
ANSWER:b. Samuel F.B Morse ANSWER: b. 19.1kHz

351.The simplest modulation technique, where a binary information SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
signal modulates the amplitude of an analog carrier. fa = fs - fm
a. Ampitude-Shift Keying c. Continous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying = 44.1kHz 25kHz
b. Frequency-Shift Keying d. Phase-Shift Keying = 19.1kHz
ANSWER:a. Amplitude-Shift Keying
366.Defines the rules of the conversation the message passing among
352.Is the lowest Open System Interconnection hierarchy and is the network users
responsible for the actual propagation of unstructured data bits (1s and a. network protocol b. Internet protocol
0s) through a transmission medium. c. Data d. Information protocol
a. Physical Layer b. Data Link Layer ANSWER:a. network protocol
c. Network Layer d. Transport Layer
ANSWER:a. Physical Layer 367.Responsible for providing signals to the loop sensing activity and
sending phone signals at the end of the loop
353.Error-correction scheme that actually detect and corrects a. SLIC b. Interface card c. SCLIC d. Network card
transmission errors when they are received without requiring a ANSWER:a. SLIC
retransmission.
a. Forward error correction b. Hamming code 368.The typical amount of voltage in dc use in the battery of the
c. Retransmission d. CRC central office with respect to ground
ANSWER: a. Forward Error Correction a. -48 b.+72 c. +48 d. -72
ANSWER:a. -48
354.It allows the overall complexity of the system to be broken down
into individual function layers- that operate essentially by themselves. 369.A network that is composed of a smaller lan that are closely link. It
a. Data Rate b. Transparency is needed for areas spread out geographically
c. Physical Layer d.Format a. MAN B. Network tropology c. WAN d. Linking system
ANSWER: b. Transparency ANSWER:c. WAN

355.This are very useful pictorial representations that clearly show the 370.How many central office allotted for each exchange?
protocol operations such as words or convetional drawings. a.2 b. 1 c.3 d. 5
a. State Transition Diagram b. Flow Chart Diagram ANSWER:b. 1
c. Block DIagram d. Circuit Diagram
ANSWER:a. State Transition Diagram 371.It is a method of switching that provides a separate physical path
for each symbol
356.Pair of wires that connects the central office to the users phone a.circuit switching b. packet switching
a . trunk b. local loop c. space switching d. time switching
c. Telephone wire d. Network nodes ANSWER:c. space switching
ANSWER: a. Local loop
372.The central office detects a request for service from a telephone
357.How long does it take to dial the number 784-3745 using pulse by:
dialing with .5s inter digit time? a. a flow of loop current b. no loop current
a. 6.5s b. 7.2s c. 6.8s d. 12.5s c. a ringing signal d. dial pulses
ANSWER:a. 6.8s ANSWER:a. a flow of loop current

SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING) 373.The OSI Layer responsible for data tracking as it moves through a
0.7 + 0.8 + 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.7 + 0.4 + 0.5 (6x0.5) = 6.8s network. It controls and ensures the end to end integrity of the
data message propagated through the network between two devices.
358.Network that connects users who are in the same general location a. Application b. Transport c. Physical d. Session
a. WAN b. Star Tropology c. LAN d. Bus Tropology ANSWER:a. Transport
ANSWER: c. LAN
374.The OSI Layer responsible for data tracking as it moves through a
network. It controls and ensures the end to end integrity of the
data message propagated through the network between two devices.
a. Application b. Transport c. Physical d. Session
ANSWER:b. Transport

375.It is used on long distance circuits, in an effort to overcome

echoes caused by circuit imbalances.
a. Echo Suppresors b. Echo Silencer
c. Echo Remover d. Echo Balancer
ANSWER:a. Echo Suppresors

376.A dipole antenna has a radiation resistance of 67 ohms and a loss

resistance of 5 ohms, measured at the feedpoint. Calculate the
efficiency.
a. 90% b. 91% c. 92% d. 93%
ANSWER: D

SOLUTION:
Efficiency = Rr / Rt = 67 / (67 + 5) = 93%

377.Two antennas have gains of 5.3 dBi and 4.5 dBd, respectively.
Which has a greater gain?
a. The first antenna has a higher gain.
b. The second antenna has a higher gain.
c. Both antennas have the same gain
d. Cannot be determined
ANSWER: B

378.A half-wave dipole is sometimes called:

a. Marconi antenna
b. Yagi antenna
c. Hertz antenna
d. none of the choices
ANSWER: C

379.An antenna's beamwidth is measured

a. from +90 to 90
b. between half-power points
c. from front to back
d. between the minor side-lobes
ANSWER: B

380."Ground Effects" refers to the effects on an antenna's radiation

pattern caused by
a. radio signals reflecting off the ground
b. buildings and other structures on the ground
c. fading
d. faulty connection of the feed cable ground
ANSWER: A

381.An antenna can be matched to a feed line using

a. a shorted stub b. an LC network
c. a loading coil d. all of the choices
ANSWER: D

382.As the length of a "long-wire" antenna is increased

a. the number of lobes increases b. efficiency decreases
c. the number of nodes decreases d. none of the above
ANSWER: A

383. LPDA stands for

a. Low-Power Dipole Array
b. Log-Periodic Dipole Array
c. Low-Power Directed Array
d. Log Power Dipole Array
ANSWER: B

384.Field strength at a distance from an antenna is measured with

a. a slotted line
b. an EIRP meter
c. a dipole
d. a field-strength meter
ANSWER: D

385.A receiving antenna with a built-in preamplifier

a. active antenna
b. passive antenna
c. coil
d. LC antenna
ANSWER: A