nkSaint Michael’s College

Midterm Coverage Fact Sheets

Social Science 3

The Coming of the Spaniards

15th Century: Renaissance Period
 the period of Exploration
 Gospel, Gold and Glory
 Portugal vs. Spain
 Spice Race

Treaty of Tordesillas
 This agreement was the Church’s solution to the endless competition between the 2
Christian nations.
 The Kings of Portugal and Spain, with Pope Alexander VI’s blessing, signed an
agreement that divides the world between the two countries
 All countries lying to the east belongs to the King of Portugal (Africa, India and Brazil)
 All countries to the west belonged to the King of Spain (‘New World”)
Ferdinand Magellan
o He REDISCOVERED the Philippines
o He was a Portuguese who approached the Spanish King, Charles V because his plan to
sail west was rejected by the King of Portugal.
o He was given a fleet of 5 ships: SAN ANTONIO (abandoned the mission), SANTIAGO
(wrecked), TRINIDAD, CONCEPCION and VICTORIA.
o The ships Trinidad, Concepcion and Victoria reached the Philippines in March 16, 1521.
But only Victoria was able to go back to Spain.
o Met a few Chiefs such as Raja Humabon and Raja Sula
o He was killed by a Filipino Chief, Raja Lapu-Lapu
o The Magellan Expedition established the following:
 Europeans learned the existence of the Philippines;
 It proved that the Earth is round;
 It established the vastness of the Pacific Ocean;
 It proved that the East Indies could be reached by crossing the pacific;
 It showed that the Americas were really separated from Asia.
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

 The second explorer who went to the Philippines

 Butuan
 His greatest contribution was the naming of the country, LAS PHELIPINAS in honor of
King Philip II
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
 The most successful of all the three conquerors
 He accomplished an almost bloodless conquest in the Philippines
 He became the First Governor-General of the Philippines
Reduccion Bajo El Son dela Campana
 Resettlement Under the Sound of the Bell
 A “civilizing” device to make the Filipinos ultimate “little brown Spaniards”
 All new Christian converts were required to construct their houses around the Church
and the unbaptized were invited to do the same.

Spanish Institutions
Political System
KING of SPAIN

MINISTRY OF COLONIES
(Consejo de las Indias)

GOBERNADOR - GENERAL

ALCALDE-MAYOR CORREGIDORES

GOBERNADORCILLO

CABEZA DE BARANGAY

King of Spain – the supreme ruler and law maker of all Spanish possessions
Ministry of Colonies – governs all Spanish possessions; oversees the colonies of the
Spanish empire.
Gobernador-General – the spokesman and representative of the King in the Philippines.
Functions of the Gobernador-General:
  The Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy;
 The President of the Real Audiencia (Supreme Court);
 The Vice-Real Patron;
 The source of Civil Power.
Alcalde Mayor – heads the PACIFIED provinces
Corregidores – heads the UNPACIFIED provinces
Functions of the Alcalde Mayor and Corregidores:
 Judge;
 Inspector of Encomiendas;
 Chief of Police;
 Tribute Collector;
 Vice-Regal Patron;
 Captain-General of the Province
Gobernadorcillo - the highest position that a Filipino could attain
- also referred to as the Little Governor
Qualifications to be a Gobernadorcillo:
 Any Filipino or Chinese Mestizo;
 at least 25 years old;
 Literate in Oral or Written Spanish;
 Had been a Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years.
Duties of the Gobernadorcillo:
 Preparation of the Padron (tribute list);
 Recruitment and Distribution of Men for draft labor, communal public work
and the quinto;
 Postal Clerk;
 Judge in civil suits involving P44.00 or less.
Cabeza de Barangay – heads the barrio government
Responsibilities of the Cabeza de Barangay:
 Tax and Distributions Collector for the gobernadorcillo;
 Responsible for the peace and order in his own barrio;
 Recruited Polistas for communal public works.
Visita (Specific and General) and Residencia - Judicial Review; checks the abuses of
government officials
Amalgamation of the Church and State

Economic System
o buwis (tribute) ~ cedula personal (1885)
  Tax Exemptions:
 Descendants of the Filipino chiefly class who participated during the
pacification campaigns of early conquistadores
 Laborers in the arsenal/ artillery yard of Cavite
 Mediquillos (Filipinos with medical experience but no title)
 Vaccinators
 College and University students of Sto. Tomas, San Jose, San Juan de
Letran and San Carlos of Cebu
o bandala
o polo y servicio personal
 polista: male; 16-60 y/o; 60 days (15 days: 1885)
 falla
o encomienda (royal and private)
 encomendero
o Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade
Social Transformation
 Language
 Compadrazgo (ritual co-parenthood)
Educational Transformation
 “Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child”
 compulsory education
Filipinos Not Totally Hispanized

From Indio to Filipino: The Rise of Filipino Nationalism

Categories of Revolts
o Personal Motives:
 Political led by former Datus
 Religious led by Babaylans
o Resistance to oppressive Spanish-introduced economic as well as religious institutions
o Mindanao Resisitance
 Moro Wars (1718-1762; 1850-1878)
Failure of Revolts
o Insular Makeup of the Philippines
 No Sense of National Unity
 Communication Gap (No Lingua Franca)
o Inferior Weapons/ Lack of Weapons
Filipino Nationalism: Accelerators
o The Philippines in World Commerce
o Rise of Class Media
o European Liberalism and Carlos Maria de la Torre
o Racial Discrimination
o Regular-Secular Conflicts ~ Cavite Mutiny

Fact sheets prepared by: Glen Jornales

Source: http://www.scribd.com