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Behavioral and Social

Learning Theories

Chapter 7

Classical Conditioning
Pavlovs Experiment

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Food
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Salivation
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Sound
Conditioned Response (CR)
Salivation

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Little Albert
UCS UCR

CS CR

Other Important Terms

Stimulus generalization

Stimulus discrimination

Extinction

Spontaneous Recovery

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Pavlovian Conditioning Results

Spontaneous Recovery

Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement Punishment

+ Add something pleasurable Add something aversive to

to the environment, the environment, decrease
increase the probability the probability that the
that the behavior will occur behavior will occur again.
again.

- Remove something Remove something

aversive from the pleasurable from the
environment, increase the environment, decrease the
probability that the probability that the
behavior will occur again. behavior will occur again.

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Examples
Positive Positive Punishment
Reinforcement

Negative Negative
Reinforcement Punishment

Extinction

Extinction Burst

Spontaneous Recovery

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Applications

Superstitious Learned
Behavior Helplessness

Schedules of Reinforcement
Variable Fixed

Interval Varying amount of Constant amount

time must pass of time must pass
before response before response
will be reinforced. will be reinforced.
Ratio Varying number of Constant number
responses required of responses
to earn required to earn
reinforcement. reinforcement.

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Behavior Modification
Shaping
Time-out
Response Cost
Token Economies
Behavior Contract (Contingency
Contract)

Social Learning Theory-Bandura

Attention

Retention

Production

Motivation