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HISTORICAL PLAY

This is a play based on historical facts. It portrays the lives and time of real people. For example JuliusCaesar is a play based on real lives
of people.
TECHNIQUESUSEDIN DRAMA
ASIDEIt is a short speech or remark made by an actor, loud enough for the audience to hear but meant to beunheard by the other actors
on stage.SOLILOQUYThis is when an actor or a character speaks out his/her mind to him/herself. In most cases, he/she is notaware that
he/she is speaking out loudly and that others are listening.FLASHBACKIt is a device in drama whereby a scene recalls an event that
occurred long ago in the past and not withinthe time limit of the present unfolding events.MIMEIt is an action, gesture or facial expression
tat I not accompanied by words or speech. It carriesinformation or feeling from the one who mimes. Example, nodding the head to show
approval.FORESHADOWINGIt is a device in drama or in a prose in which something is hinted at before it happens. It is a sign of warning
of something to come. It may create suspense and generate fear.CLIMAXThis is the decisive or crucial stage in the plot of a play. It is
the point where the major dramatic questionis answered. It is here that the audience realize what they had been anticipating. There can
be more thanone climax in a play.ANTICLIMAXThis occurs when the events or the episodes in the drama are arranged such that the
subsequent eventsannuls or reduces the seriousness of the previous one. As a literary device, anticlimax can be said to beBATHOS.
Example: He lost his life, his car and his purse.
CHARACTERIZATIONCharacter

C
This is a person or animal who is involved in a piece of fictional literature. Often, characters are made to
represent realpeople. It doesnt meanhoweverthat characters inliterary works are reallife people.
The author may describe the characters in the text. This method of exposing the character to the audienceis known as EXPLICIT
EXPOSITION. Another way of knowing how a character is is through his actionsand sayings. This method of revealing the characters is
known as DRAMATIC EXPOSITION. Acharacter may be a MAJOR CHARACTER when much of the events of the play revolve around him
orMINOR CHARACTER when he does not function often.
Characterization
This is the skill with which the writer creates his characters. The qualities they possess or dont po
ssess,what they feel and think and most importantly what they do are very important if they should perform theroles assigned them well.
Dramatic Irony
This is a chance remark, act, event or situation early in the play that prepares the ground for later greatevents without seeming to do so
in the early stage. Thus while the audience know that a particular eventwould occur, the actors seem ignorant of it. Thus, the whole thing
looks like one big conspiracy betweenthe writer and the audience against the actors. A speaker in a drama may intent something but the
audience know that thespeakers intentionmay not be true.Thisis sobecause the audienceknow
something ( said or done by other characters) which other characters do not know.
Suspense
This is th
e technique ofraisingandholdingthe audiences or readersinterest inkeenanticipationofthe
outcome of events, ie. Wanting to know what happens next. A play that succeeds in keeping people insuspense most of the time is
described as THRILLING.
Comic Situation/Plot
This is an artificial trick and used by the author to expose the comic nature of his characters. To do this
the author puts comicor funny words into the characters mouth.

Disguise
This is when a character pretends to be what he is not.
Comic Language
These are words which are to create fun.
Comic relief
This occurs when a humorous incident/event/episode/scene is brought after a sad/serious one so that thereader could laugh and
therefore feel relieved of tension and sadness.

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Stage Directions
Theseare thewriters instructionmeant to guide whoever is directingthe play usually writteninitalicsor
enclosed in brackets. These are never meant to be part of the play and so never spoken, aloud, becausethey are never part of the
dialogue. They tell how the character should look and sound like. They also tellwhere the action takes place.
Stage directions may be found:i.

At the beginning of the scene to tell where the action takes placeii.

When a new character comes onto the scene to show his voice, personality or dressiii.

At the beginning of a speech to direct the actor as to how to speak.


Costume
This is the dress or the attire worn by the actors in a play. Costume tells us much about the wearer. It maytell his/her mood, social class,
the time which he/she is and so on.
Cue
This isthe last wordofaspeakers speech which serves as a signalforthe next speaker tocome in.

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