Module-10(Vlans)

1. What is the Difference between Hub and Switch?

Hub Switch
Hub is a Layer 1 Device Generally Switch is a Layer 2/ Layer 3 Device

Hub is not more intelligent device Switch is a more intelligent device

hub is a half-duplex device Switch is a full duplex device

hub is a single broadcast domain Switch is a single broadcast domain (By default)
hub is a single collision domain Switch is a separate collision domain and it depends on
number of ports.

Collisions are identified using CSMA/CD

or CSMA/CA

2. How does switch works?

A.Learning process, Flooding, Forwarding and filtering

3. What does show mac address table contains?

A.Mac address, vlan number, interface port number

4. What is the difference b/w manageable and unmanageable switches?

A.Manageable switch: These switches are plug and play, it has console port and CLI access, we can verify and
modify configurations and implement switching technology
Unmanageable switch: These switches are plug and, no configurations can be done, no console port

5. What is the Cisco hierarchal model?

A. Cisco divided switches into 3 layers:
a) Access layer switch ex: 1900 and 2900 series
b) Distribution layer switches ex: 3550 and 3560
c) Core layer switch ex: 4500 and 6500

6. What are switching modes?

A. Store and Forward, Fragmentation and Cut-through

7. What is Broadcast Domain and collision domain?

A. Broadcast domain: When Ever one Computer Are Sending A Broadcast message in the Network And If
Another Computer Receive That Broadcast message, in that Case We Can Say Both Computer Belongs To Single
Broadcast Domain.
Collision domain: When Ever Two Computer Are Sending a Message to Each Other at a Same Time, Then
Collision Will Be Happen, in that case we can Say Both Computer belongs to Single Collision Domain.
What is VLAN?
A.By default, all ports on a switch are in the same broadcast domain. A Virtual Local Area Network, Virtual LAN,
or VLAN, can be used to divide a single broadcast domain to multiple broadcast domains in a layer 2 switched
network, Range of vlans is from 2 to 1001

8.What is the difference b/w static and dynamic vlan?

Static vlan: These vlans are based upon port numbers, vlan is manually assigned to ports, 1 port per 1 vlan
Dynamic vlan: These are created based on the MAC address of PC, each port can be a number of multiple vlans.
 8. What are the different VLAN Frame tagging techniques?
IEEE 802.1q
It is an IEEE Standard.
802.1q supports 4096 Vlans.
IN 802.1q encapsulation process, a 4 byte tag
is inserted into original frame and FCS (Frame
Check Sequence) is re-calculated.
802.1q does not tag frames from native Vlans.
ISL
ISL is an Cisco proprietary protocol.
Supports up to 1000 Vlans
Original frame is encapsulated and a new
header is inserted
during encapsulation process.
A 26 byte header and a 4 byte FCS (frame
check sequence) are inserted. Hence a total of
30 Bytes of overhead.
ISL tags frames from native Vlans

11. What is the difference b/w Access port and Trunk port?
A. Access port is used to connect b/w switch and host, we can create vlans.
Trunk port is connected b/w 2 switches and it carrys multiple vlans. Speed is 100 or 1000 mbps

12. What are the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Modes?

A network switch, which is participating in VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP), can have three different modes.
Server Mode: VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Server mode is the default VTP mode for all Catalyst switches. At
least one Server is required in a VTP domain to propagate VLAN information within the VTP domain. We can
create, add, or delete VLANs of a VTP domain in a Switch which is in VTP Server mode. The changes made in a
switch in server mode are advertised to the entire VTP domain.
Client Mode: VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) client mode switches listen to VTP advertisements from other
switches and modify their VLAN configurations accordingly. Transparent Mode: VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
transparent mode switches do not participate in the VTP domain, but VTP transparent mode switches can receive
and forward VTP advertisements through the configured trunk links.

13. What is VTP Pruning?

A.VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) pruning is a feature in Cisco switches, which stops VLAN update information
traffic from being sent down trunk links if the updates are not needed.

14. How to delete vlan information from switch?

Ans: VLAN information is not saved in the running-config or startup-config but in a separate file called vlan.dat on
your flash memory. If you want to delete the VLAN information you should delete this file by typing delete
flash:vlan.dat

15. What is difference b/w Layer 2 and layer 3 switch?

A. A L2 switch does switching only. This means that it uses MAC addresses to switch the packets from a
port to the destination port (and only the destination port). It therefore maintains a MAC address table so
that it can remember which ports have which MAC address associated.

A L3 switch also does switching exactly like a L2 switch. The L3 means that it has an identity from the L3
layer. Practically this means that a L3 switch is capable of having IP addresses and doing routing. For
intra-VLAN communication, it uses the MAC address table. For extra-VLAN communication, it uses the IP
routing table