EXAMPLE E8-1 A gas turbine engine with a thermal efficiency of 30% produces 50 MW of power.

If
diesel, which has a heat of combustion of 42.8 MJ/kg and costs $0.45 per kg, is used as the fuel, determine
(a) the heat rate, (b) the fuel consumption rate, (c) the sfc, and (d) the fuel cost per kW.hr of power
produced. [Manual Solution]
Answers: (a) 166.7 MW, (b) 14.04 kg/h, (c) 0.078 kg/MJ, (d) $0.13/kW.h

EXAMPLE E8-2 Air enters the compressor of a 50 MW simple gas turbine at 100 kPa, 298 K. The
pressure ratio of the compressor is 11 and the turbine inlet temperature is 1500 K. Using the cold-air
standard Brayton cycle to model the power plant, determine (a) the mass flow rate, (b) the thermal
efficiency, and (c) the back work ratio. (d) What-if-Scenario: How would the efficiency and mass flow
rate vary if the compression ratio is varied within the range 5-30? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 110.5 kg/s, (b) 49.6%, (c) 39.4%, (d) 36.9%-62.2%, 131.4 kg/s-112.6 kg/s

Anim. E8-2 (click)

 EXAMPLE E8-3 A stationary power plant operating on a simple Brayton cycle has a pressure ratio of
10. The compressor efficiency is 80% and its inlet conditions are 100 kPa and 300 K with a flow rate of 10
m3/s. The turbine efficiency is 85% and its inlet temperature is 1400 K. Using the air standard Brayton
cycle to model the power plant, determine (a) the power output, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the
back work ratio. (d) What-if-Scenario: What would the thermal efficiency and net power be if the
compressor efficiency dropped to 70%? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 2921 kW, (b) 29%, (c) 58.1%, (d) 24.68%, 2342 kW

Anim. E8-3 (click)

EXAMPLE E8-4 In Example E8-3 determine how (a) the power output and (b) the thermal
efficiency vary with the turbine inlet temperature. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: For T = 1500 K (a) Wdot_net = 3442.3 kW, (b) = 30%

EXAMPLE E8-5 For the gas turbine described in Example E8-3 develop a balance sheet for
exergy accounting as the air passes through various components. Assume the heat addition to take
place from a source at 1800 K. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: See Text Book

EXAMPLE E8-6 In the gas turbine of Example E8-3 a regenerator with an effectiveness of 80%
is incorporated as shown in Fig. 8.16. Determine (a) the exergetic efficiency of the regenerator, (b) the
thermal efficiency of the cycle. (c) What-if-Scenario: How would the thermal efficiency vary as the
regenerator effectiveness is varied from 0 to 1? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 95.8%, (b) 38.5%, (c) 29.0%-41.9%

Anim. E8-6 (click)

EXAMPLE E8-7 The following data are supplied for an ideal air-standard Brayton cycle modified
with a reheater and regenerator. Compressor inlet conditions: 100 kPa, 298 K; compressor pressure
ratio: 12; first turbine inlet temperature: 1200 K; second turbine inlet conditions: 350 kPa, 1200 K.
Assume the regenerator to have an effectiveness of 100%. Determine (a) the thermal efficiency of the
cycle. (b) What-if-Scenario: How would the thermal efficiency vary as a function of the intermediate
pressure between the turbine stages? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 58.2%
p,kPa th Wdot_net, kW
1200 0.515 327
800 0.554 383
500 0.577 419
350 0.582 428
200 0.570 408
100 0.515 327

Anim. E8-7 (click)

EXAMPLE E8-8 Air enters steadily the first compressor of the gas turbine at 100 kPa and 300 K
with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s. The pressure ratio across the two-stage compressor and turbine is 15.
The intercooler and reheater each operates at an intermediate pressure given by the square root of the
product of the first compressor and turbine inlet pressures. The inlet temperature of each turbine is
1500 K and that of the second compressor is 300 K. The isentropic efficiency of each compressor and
turbine is 80% and the regenerator effectiveness is also 80%. Determine (a) the thermal efficiency. (b)
What-if-Scenario: What would the thermal efficiency of the cycle be if the turbine and compressor
efficiency increased to 90%? Use the ideal gas model for air. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 44.2%, (b) 57.7%

Anim. E8-8
(click)

EXAMPLE E8-9 A water jet hits a perpendicular plate with a mass flow of 50 kg/s and a velocity
of 20 m/s as shown in the accompanying figure. Determine the force R necessary to hold the plate in
place. [Manual Solution]
Answers: 1 kN

EXAMPLE E8-10 A turbojet engine has a cruising speed of 300 m/s at an altitude of 5000 m where
the ambient conditions are 54 kPa and 256 K. The diffuser inlet area is 0.2 m2, the compressor pressure
ratio is 8, and the turbine inlet temperature is 1200 K. Employ the cold-air standard assumptions to
determine (a) the nozzle exit velocity, (b) thrust, (c) propulsive efficiency, and (d) the overall
efficiency. (e) What-if-Scenario: How would the thrust and the propulsive efficiency change with
cruising speed? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 887.2 m/s, (b) 25.89 kN, (c) 50.5%, (d) 26.8%

Anim. E8-10 (click)

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