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Introduction
We are living in a digital age. Technology has taken over the 21ST century. The
evolution of technology is not only confined to big industries and businesses that are
transportation is just one click away. Who would have thought that this kind of need can
also be digitalized? One can contact a ride by just downloading an application. This kind
of technology even allows the passenger to choose between a car or a taxi to drive them
whenever and wherever, thus, eradicating the necessity of waiting for a ride under the
heat of the sun or in a down pour. Even, educational institution has also caught up with
the technological revolution with the availability of the following services like, online
enrolment, online payment, online verification of grades and enhanced security for the
students using Radio Frequency Identification System (RFID). This technology enables
the parents to monitor the whereabouts of their children because once the system receives
the information through swiping the ID card, it automatically sends message to the
parents informing them that the student has entered the premises of the school. And of
course, financial institutions didnt want to be left behind. Nowadays, they are operating
more and more based on cashless transactions. People today dont have to carry around
cash to pay their bills and buy items. We now have debit cards, unlike credit cards which
incur big interests and are like loans, debit cards are actually a cashless payment system.
Once swiped, the card will automatically transfer cash from the buyer to the seller. We
even now have money transfer from the mobile phone directly to a bank account. The
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advent of the EPS (Electric Payment System) has afforded consumers protection from
robbery and eliminates tension brought about carrying a large amount of money.
With these advancements, one can ask Is technology a backlash in the development
of employees skills or does it actually allow them to be both effective and efficient?
This study will revolve around the effect of technology to the employees of BPI Direct
Banko, who is a subsidiary of the Bank of the Philippine IslandS (BPI) Commercial Bank,
one of the biggest bank in the Philippines. BPI Direct Banko concentrates on small
cottage industry loans and money transfers than functioning as a depository bank.
Assessing the effect of the automated system they use, would provide the answer for the
foregoing question and will bring new light to this matter. Using the Ardalan Model of
created by Ardalan himself to measure the impact of technology on the effectiveness and
1. What are the factors that could affect the performance of the employees?
2. What is the level of effect of the automated system to those who work in BPI Direct
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2.5. Enhanced self-control
To the Community
This study can make a significant contribution towards the community in eliminating
To the Government
This study could deliver long-term benefits, by ridding the system of corruption and
offering transparency through utilization of automation system in both local and national
To Other Industries
This can serve as an inspiration to other Industries who are having second thoughts
on utilizing an automated system thinking that technology will replace human workforce,
that there is a correlation between technology and humans that will still allow them have
personal growth.
To the Employees
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This study is especially for you, so that you will find it useful to learn that
technology does not only contribute to efficiency but as well as effectiveness in the
To Other Researchers
If this study can prove that Ardalan Model of Job Empowerment dimensions could
deliver long-term benefits, then this study may become a take-off stage for more studies
to fine tune the concept and even recommend to adapt this model to industries that uses
an automated system.
The scope of this study involved the evaluation of whether the Ardaln Model
contributes to the job empowerment of the employees in BPI Direct Banko, since all of
their transactions uses the automated system. It is delimited to looking for information
that establishes the effect and the observable changes as proposed by the Ardalan Model
Definition of Terms
Literally refers to the criteria contained in the model created by Ardalan O.,MSc on
his Masters Thesis, which investigates the impact of technology to job empowerment,
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Customized Automated System
to cater the specific need of an entity to perform their tasks and transactions faster, to
Financial Institution
An institution that provides services between the creditor and the debtor to the
financial market.
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CHAPTER 2
Technology have been part of human lives ever since it proved its usefulness.
In studying this correlation, many studies and research have been conducted. One of
these is the Ardalan Model. The Ardalan Model of Job Empowerment Dimension is still
in its pioneering and testing stage globally. Created by Ardalan O., MSc as his Masters
easier and more exact communications, less expenses and decrease in human error in the
information process. Organizations can transfer orders and messages alongq organization
without traditional management structures. This is possible through using computers and
some parts of middle management and leadership responsibilities. This way, employees
will have access to more information and increase their knowledge. They will also come
to better results. This is a totally new approach since the evolution of technology has lead
efficiency. By going through some materials on Ardalan Model, some scholars and
In one article, authored by Sima Ajami and Raziyeh Arab-Chadegani from J Educ
Health Promotion Organization, published in 2014, they both agree with Ardalan on the
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adaptation speed with human requirements has led to a new form of the learning
environment and creative, active and inclusive interaction. These days, information is
one of the most important power resources in every organization and accordingly,
acquiring information, especially central or strategic one can help organizations to build
They believe that using Ardalan Model can create a more conducive environment to
health professionals in communicating and imparting knowledge. For them, the best and
most comprehensive Job Empowerment criteria was the Ardalan Model that can be easily
adapted by employees because the Ardalan Model is more detailed in its criteria
In their conclusion, they have sited that the IT decreases human resources role
and results in a systematic relation between human and machine. This may cause
dissatisfaction due to work with a system and automation. On the other hand, employees
are also an important organizational resource and it's necessary and unavoidable to pay
through topical technologies. IT is one of tools and mechanisms that collect categorize
and process information and provide the results. The main objective of empowerment is
leadership chain between employees and managers needs to be changed. Among the
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Decrease the role of top managers in organization's partial affairs
include:
performance improvement
providing all of which will cause more satisfaction from fast and high-quality services.
Mohammad Ali Salimi in 2013 that tackled the impact of technology on the job
The researchers wanted to find out the direct correlation of technology to the job
Ardalan on his findings, that IT increases employees knowledge and awareness leading
to easier and more exact communications, less expenses and decrease in human error in
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Because of this, the researchers wanted to prove to this theory. The method they used
for gathering data and data processing for research was, ..based on data that were
collected using field method and tools for data collection is questionnaire. The research
in term of method is a descriptive with emphasis on correlation with applied nature that
in two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. In using this method they
Thus can be said that softwarewill affect employees empowerment in social security
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There is relationship between network and employees empowerment in significant level
(sig=.019) and (r=.139) andcorrelationis a direct (positive). Thus can be said that
level (sig=.007) and (r=.159) and correlation is a direct (positive). Thus can be said that
database will affect employees empowerment in social security organization and in term
Ultimately by using stepwise regression is determined that software has more impact on
employees empowerment and based on R2can be said that 3/3% of the dependent
Conceptual Framework
This section contains the theoretical framework which will indicate the direction of
this research. The 7 criteria provided by the Ardalan Model of Job Empowerment
Dimension will be the independent variable. This will be the basis in check listing the
employees of BPI Direct Banko as to whether their current automate system has
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empowered their workplace. The intervening variables, on the other hand, will be the
following: (a) Type of entity, (b) Human factor and lastly (c) Customized automated
System. These are seen to be factors that will affect the results of the study. The
dependent variable is the use of the automated system by the employees of BPI Direct
Banko.
the employees working at the BPI Direct Banko, General Santos City. The 7 criteria
1. Employees performance improvement Did they develop a new skill or were there
any added skills in using the current
automate?
2. Occupational freedom and Do they perform their jobs without the
Independence need of much supervision?
3. Increased decision-making Where they able to address minor issues
responsibility without the frequent need to consult the
top management?
4. Increased employment opportunities Was the acquired skill through the
automated system qualify her to new
employment opportunities?
5. Enhanced self-control Do the BPI Direct Banko employees
developed self-control when it comes to
applying the protocol of the system of
their current automated system to
minimize human errors?
6. Increased staff knowledge Was there an increase of knowledge in the
workplace of the employees of BPI Direct
Banko?
7. Professional development of staff Where the employees in BPI Direct
Banko become more professional in their
workplace?
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
in BPI Direct Banko. The procedure involved the use of the 7 criteria provided by
Ardalan in job empowerment as a checklist. A rating in the survey form was designed to
The Respondents
The respondents of this study were purposely selected involving all active and
existing personnel of BPI Direct Banko. The subjects are Bank Manager, Bank Assistant
Number of
Position Department
Employees
Bank Manager Administrative 1
Bank Assistant Manager / Credit Officer Administrative 1
Accounting Clerks Accounting 3
Tellers Receiving 2
Bookkeepers Accounting 2
Sales Associate Sales 4
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The Research Instrument
The primary instruments for this research was taken from the 7 criteria as embodied
in the Ardalan Model and the result of the questionnaire and survey of the personnel,
which contains their views on the impact of technology in their workplace ensure the
validity of the data generated. To accomplish this, the following data are needed:
2.) Survey forms that contain the 7 criteria of the Ardalan Model.
The structured questionnaire was verbally asked to the personnel of BPI Direct
Banko and subsequently requires the same persons to answer the survey form.
The information gathered from the questionnaire and the survey form was processed
using the measures of central tendency. Further analysis will provide whether the current
automated system utilized by BPI Direct Banko has resulted to the expected change
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CHAPTER 4
Based on the structured questionnaire and survey form given to the respondents the
Improvement in Performance
86.54% of the respondents agreed that the current automated system used in their
office improves their performance. Continuous improvement on their system has affected
their performance positively; however, there are slight draw backs during the system
upgrades. System upgrades usually causes delays and interruptions on data processing
Manager of the BPI Banko Direct. Based on him, the performance of their employees is
also affected by human factors like the employees abilities, knowledge and flexibility.
They continuously do system upgrades to ensure that what they are offering to their
customers is the best possible service and to comply with the government and
organizational policy.
This only shows that automated system used in this type of industry is critical in
improve the system not just to satisfy the needs of their clients or to comply with the
state/ organizational policy but also to help their employees become more productive on
their tasks.
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79.49% said that they somehow agree that the current automated system used in their
office provides occupational freedom and independence. While 20.52% strongly agreed
that their current automated system promotes occupational freedom and independence.
departments, the employees are still confident that the current system used in their office
The Branch Manager said that there are certain restrictions which limit their
employees in making decisions on their own and require supervision due to the
confidentiality and sensitiveness of the data they are handling. However, with the current
automated system used in their office, employees are revel in lesser physical supervision
than being monitored every now and then. Employees felt empowered because the
functions available on their current automated system are complete they are able to
used in their office has increased their decision making responsibility. This means that
the current automated system used in BPI Direct Banko causes an extension to the job
Since the functions are interconnected, in the absence of the person-in-charge one
can perform his or her tasks temporarily. However, in some cases, certain jobs cannot be
regarding job substitution. That is why theres 7.70% who somewhat disagreed about the
effects of their current automated system on their ability to make decisions or the
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61.54% of the respondents somewhat agreed that their current automated system has
increased their employment opportunities while 38.46% strongly agreed that the current
automated system has increased their employment opportunities. This means that the
employees are confident and felt empowered because they believe that the knowledge
they acquired while using the current system can also be used in their future jobs.
Majority of them believed that their current system maximized their skills and abilities
This also means that the current automated system used in BPI Direct Banko is not
only confined on the industry or entity where the employees are employed but the
Enhanced Self-Control
69.23% somewhat agreed that the current functions available on their system
discourages fraud and human errors. However, there is 7.61% who somewhat disagreed
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The Branch Manager said that human factors like outside connivance and weariness
can greatly affect the self-control of their employees. No matter how secure their system
is, if these factors influenced their employees it can still create errors or fraud.
92.31% somewhat agreed that their automated system has increased their knowledge
and awareness on technology used in their work field. This shows that employees are
empowered by their current automated system. The transfer of knowledge is active, thus
The BPI Direct Banko continues to improve their system in order to adapt with this
fast paced industry. This also helps the employees to acquire new knowledge that can
somehow increase their employment value and improves their performance in their
current employment. There are internal and external factors that can influence their
performance aside from the technology used in their office like how the information is
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Professional Development of Staff
87.18% somewhat agreed that the current automated system used in their office
promote professional development. This means that majority of the employees have the
sense of personal and professional accomplishment. The automated system also helps the
employees to update their skills and learn different jobs. However, 2.56% somewhat
The Branch Manager said that the mind-set of the employee plays a vital role in
accomplishing their respective jobs. How the employees view their job also affect their
outputs. Some employees see their work as a stepping stone for a better job and some
employees see their work as income generating only. The difference can be observed on
their outputs. Employees who are motivated to do their job because they are seeking
personal and professional growth show a better output. No matter how good the system is,
the output will still rely on how the employees work with it.
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CHAPTER 5
Summary of Findings
An average of 78.75% of all the respondents, which are composed of all the
employees of BPI Direct Banko generally, finds their current automated system as
Conclusion
It can therefore be concluded from the answer of the respondents that based on the
Ardalan Model, the effect of their current automated system does provide job
empowerment but not all the time. These can be explained by the following factors such
as:
procedures to be in place. This could affect the judgment call and independence of an
employee because of the necessity to consult a superior every now and then, in
compliance with the rules and regulations deliberately placed to protect the interest of the
stakeholders, which is the public, of the company. Since the type of entity is highly
financial institution.
respondents is the prevailing attitude among employees that their existence in their
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workplace is merely to earn and not to look at it as a learning ground for growth and
development.
system designed to meet their unique services, employees tend to confine their skills on
the current system and stop looking for new learnings because they feel that they only
Taleghani1, Esmaeil Malek Akhlagh , Mohammad Ali Salimi in 2013, that Ardalan
Model is not a hard and fast rule. Their study also shows that there are still variables that
can affect the job empowerment brought about by technology. External factors greatly
impact the effect of technology as shown in this study conducted at BPI Direct Banko.
Recommendations
attitude to their students. This is to maximize the benefit of technology to eradicate the
thinking that they only need specific skills just to maintain status quo, like the result of
the data gathered for this study. The biggest factor that affects their empowerment is their
attitude of limiting themselves to what they think they know in mere compliance to their
specific jobs.
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Second, employee trainings could emphasize that their present job environment is a
ground for learnings not merely earnings. As observed in the study, most of the time,
employees think that having a job is only for monetary benefits that they refuse to see the
vast environment for learning they move in, which unfortunately lessens their job
empowerment, which leads to missing out career advancement within the entity or
outside.
always advantageous to look for new knowledge concerning the workplace that can be
utilized for future challenges because people can never be too sure that they will remain
in the same position in their entire career or even in the same employer. Similar to the
result of this study, they look at the confinement of the system as an alibi not to explore
and acquire further knowledge that could actually be helpful in their respective
workplace.
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REFERENCES
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sima_Ajami/publication/266086236_The_effects_of
_applying_information_technology_on_job_empowerment_dimensions/links/549881
550cf2c5a7e342c23e.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4165122/
http://www.jehp.net/article.asp?issn=2277-9531;year=2014;volume=3;issue=1;spage=84;
epage=84;aulast=Ajami
http://www.europepmc.org/articles/PMC4165122
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sima_Ajami/publication/266086236_The_effects_of
_applying_information_technology_on_job_empowerment_dimensions/links/549881
550cf2c5a7e342c23e.pdf?disableCoverPage=true
europepmc.org/abstract/MED/25250350
The Impact of Information Technology Application on Personal Empowerment of Social
Security Organization in Guilan ProvinceMohammad Taleghani1, Esmaeil Malek
Akhlagh2,Mohammad Ali Salimi3*1Department of Industrial Management, Rasht
Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran2Department of Management, Guilan
University , Guilan, Iran3*M.A student of Business Management, Science and
Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Guilan, Iran (Corresponding Author)
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APPENDICEES
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SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
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INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE
Please give a brief explanation for each field of services as to why 78.52% of you
a) I am able to meet targets using the current automated system used in the office.
b) The current automated system minimizes the errors that can be committed on data
c) The current automated system helps you provide efficient and fast service.
g) The current automated system has a complete function that helps you get your work
conditions.
j) The current automated system gives you an additional workload not discussed on your
contract.
k) When a customer is dissatisfied, you can usually correct the problem to their
l) The current automated system provides you opportunities to have more knowledge on
m) You can use your knowledge in navigating the current automated system in other
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n) The current automated system helps me maximize my skills and abilities.
o) The current automated system has functions that discourage fraud or human errors.
p) The current automated system used in the office increases your knowledge and
accomplishment.
s) I experience personal growth such as updating skills and learning different jobs.
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LETTER TO CONDUCT RESEARCH
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CURRICULUM
VITAE
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STEPHANIE ANGELI S. GACAL
pinkigacal@gmail.com
WORK EXPERIENCE: 1. Worked as a clinic assistant in year 2004 at the age of 16.
2. Worked as a part-time sales person in 2005, to sustain ahigh school scholarship
from a private benefactor who owns the product.
3. Worked as a part-time supervisor and sales person in 2013 to earn extra income.
4. Currently engaged in a small cottage industry selling goods to college students in
Notre Dame Dadiangas University, General Santos City.
ACHIEVEMENTS : 1. Editor-in-Chief
Veritas
School Publication of Notre Dame of General Santos City
2. 1st runner-up
Declamation Contest
Inter year level
Notre Dame of General Santos City
3. Spelling Bee Contest Champion
Inter year level
Notre Dame of General Santos City
Elizabeth S. Mendoza
Retired Landbank Manager-GSC Highway Branch
3rd St. Soriano Subdivision, Brgy. Heights, General Santos City
Contact No. +(63)927 923 8288
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HEARTWELL B. LICAYAN
heartwell.licayan06@gmail.com
Purok IV, Palkan, Polomolok, South Cotabato
OBJECTIVE: To complete the course requirement for Business Research 1 and improve my current skill set.
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DANIECA FRANZ POLICIOS
daniecafranzpolicios26@gmail.com
Lot 5 Sugod, Apopong, General Santos City
OBJECTIVE: To complete the course requirement for Business Research 1 and improve my current skill set.
ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATION:
SKILLS:
Responsible on the tasks given to me
Willing to learn new information
Can work under pressure
Well-oriented in Microsoft Office Applications
PERSONAL DATA:
Age : 19 years old
Birthday : October 26, 1997
Gender : Female
Height : 158 cm
Weight : 39 kg.
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Language : English, Filipino, and Cebuano
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ABDUL-HALIM SARIP RASUMAN
abdulhalim_rasuman@yahoo.com
Blk. 5 Lt. 1 VSM Subd. Heights Ph. 1, General Santos City
OBJECTIVE: To apply to any position that will fit my qualification. Seeking to be a part of a
reputable institution and be a partner in achieving their goals. To have an experience.
PERSONAL DATA:
Age : 20 years old
Birthday : September 29, 1995
Gender : Male
Height : 58
Weight : 86 Kg
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Language : English, Filipino, and Cebuano
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XYRIZ DIAZ
xyrizsdiaz@yahoo.com
Dona Soledad Subdivision, Labangal, General Santos City 9500
OBJECTIVE: A position with innovative, results oriented firm where my skills, analytical and strategic
thinking will be valued.
OBJECTIVE: To apply to any position that will fit my qualification. Seeking to be a part
of a reputable institution and be a partner in achieving their goals.
ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATION:
Junior Philippine Institute of Accountants HTC Local Chapter (Member)
National Federation of Junior Philippine Institute of Accountants (Member)
PERSONAL DATA:
Age : 19 years old
Birthday : November 11,1997
Gender : Female
Height : 53 Ft
Weight : 47 kg.
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Language : English, Filipino, Ilonggo, Cebuano
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RICO L. PAYOT
0948-814-9113
Purok 5 Brgy. Conel, General Santos City
OBJECTIVE: To complete the course requirement for Business Research 1 and improve my current skill set.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
TERTIARY Holy Trinity College of General Santos City
Daproza Ave., General Santos City
Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology
2014 - Present
PERSONAL DATA:
Age : 20 years old
Birthday : January 23, 1997
Gender : Male
Height : 5.3 ft.
Weight : 53 kg.
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Language : Filipino, and Cebuano
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