Linear Elasticity and Multipoint Stress Approximation

September 1, 2017

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Jhabriel.Varela@student.uib.no
University of Bergen
Norway
Outline
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

1 Outline

Governing equations
Governing equations First tests using
MPSA code
Compression Tests
Traction Tests

Comments and Next

First tests using MPSA code steps

Compression Tests

Traction Tests

Comments and Next steps

University of Bergen
17 Norway
The momentum conservation equation
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline
I Let denote the model domain and its corresponding 2 Governing equations

boundary. First tests using

MPSA code
Compression Tests
I Acceleration is given by the imbalance of mechanical Traction Tests

forces according to Newtons second law for any Comments and Next
steps
subdomain of the model domain fixed in time:
2
Z Z Z
s 2 DdV = T (n)dS s gdV, (1)
t

where D is the material deformation, T (n) are the surface

forces identified by the outward normal vector n, s is the
density of the material and g accounts for the body forces.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
The momentum conservation equation
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

I In general, the stress is a non-linear function of the Outline

displacement, but for small deformations a linear 3 Governing equations

approximation can be introduced. First tests using

MPSA code
Compression Tests
I The Cauchys first law allow us to write the dependency of Traction Tests

the surface forces as a linear function of the normal unit Comments and Next
steps
vector:
T (n) = n

I Now, we can use the Gauss theorem to change the

surface integral into a volumetric integral:
Z Z



n dS = dV (2)

University of Bergen
17 Norway
The momentum conservation equation
Master Thesis
I Replacing (2) into (1) we have: Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline
2D
Z Z Z


s 2 dV = dV s g dV, (3) 4 Governing equations

t First tests using

MPSA code
Compression Tests
Traction Tests
I It is often convenient to express the Eq. (3) in the Comments and Next
differential form: steps

2D
Z Z Z Z


s 2 dV dV + s g dV = 0 dV
t
2D
Z   Z


s 2 + s g dV = 0 dV
t
2D

s 2 + s g = 0
t
2D
s 2 = s g (4)
t
University of Bergen
17 Norway
Generalized Hookes Law
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline
5 Governing equations
I In the most general case, the stress tensor can be First tests using
MPSA code
related to the strain through a fourth order tensor C Compression Tests
Traction Tests
known as stiffness tensor of the material: Comments and Next
steps

= C : , (5)

I The stiffness tensor cannot be arbitrary, and must satisfy

certain symmetry and positive definiteness to have a
well posed problem.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Linearised Constitutive Relations
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

I In the isotropic case, where the constitutive tensor has Outline

two free parameters the relation can be expressed: 6 Governing equations

First tests using

MPSA code
= 2 + Tr  I, (6) Compression Tests
Traction Tests

Comments and Next

where and are known as Lame coefficients , and steps

represent the resistance to shear and compression,

respectively.
I Finally, to close the system, we define the linearised
strain as the symmetric part of the deformation gradient:
1 T

 := D + (D) . (7)
2

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Summary of linear elasticity equations
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

I Conservation of momentum Outline

7 Governing equations

2D First tests using

s = s g. MPSA code
t2 Compression Tests
Traction Tests

Comments and Next

steps
I Definition of linearised strain
1 T

 := D + (D) .
2

I Isotropic stress-strain constitutive relation

= 2 + Tr  I.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
First tests using MPSA Code
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline
I We are going to solve a steady state system in 2D (x-y Governing equations

plane): 8 First tests using

MPSA code
Compression Tests

= 0, Traction Tests

Comments and Next

= 2 + Tr  I, steps

1 T

= D + (D) .
2

I The material parameters are set to be constants.

I We are interested in analyse the response of the system
to constant deformations at the sides of the domain.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Horizontal Compression Tests
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline

Governing equations

First tests using

MPSA code
9 Compression Tests
Traction Tests

Comments and Next

steps

Figure: a) Compression from the left side, right side is rigid.

b) Compression from the right side, left side is rigid.
c) Compression from both sides.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Results from test a)
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline

0.5 Governing equations

0.45
0.45

0.4
0.4 First tests using
0.35 0.35 MPSA code
0.3 0.3 10 Compression Tests
y [m]

y [m]
0.25 0.25 Traction Tests
0.2 0.2
0.15 0.15
Comments and Next
0.1
0.1
steps
0.05
0.05
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
x [m] x [m]
Grid Original Centroids Displaced Centroids Deformation Streamlines

Figure: Compression from the left side, the right side is kept
rigid. The left figure shows the centroid displacements and the right
figure shows the deformation streamlines.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Results from test b)
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline

0.5 Governing equations

0.45
0.45

0.4
0.4 First tests using
0.35 0.35 MPSA code
0.3 0.3 11 Compression Tests
y [m]

y [m]
0.25 0.25 Traction Tests
0.2 0.2
0.15 0.15
Comments and Next
0.1
0.1
steps
0.05
0.05
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
x [m] x [m]
Grid Original Centroids Displaced Centroids Deformation Streamlines

Figure: Compression from the right side, the left side is kept
rigid. The left figure shows the centroid displacements and the right
figure shows the deformation streamlines.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Results from test c)
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline

0.5 Governing equations

0.45
0.45

0.4
0.4 First tests using
0.35 0.35 MPSA code
0.3 0.3 12 Compression Tests
y [m]

y [m]
0.25 0.25 Traction Tests
0.2 0.2
0.15 0.15
Comments and Next
0.1
0.1
steps
0.05
0.05
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
x [m] x [m]
Grid Original Centroids Displaced Centroids Deformation Streamlines

Figure: Compression from both sides. The left figure shows the
centroid displacements and the right figure shows the deformation
streamlines.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Horizontal Traction Tests
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline

Governing equations

First tests using

MPSA code
Compression Tests
13 Traction Tests

Comments and Next

steps

Figure: d) Traction from the left side, right side is rigid.

e) Traction from the right side, left side is rigid.
f) Traction from both sides.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Results from test d)
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline

0.5 Governing equations

0.45 0.45

0.4 0.4 First tests using

0.35 0.35 MPSA code
0.3 0.3 Compression Tests
y [m]

y [m]
0.25 0.25 14 Traction Tests
0.2 0.2
0.15 0.15 Comments and Next
0.1 0.1 steps
0.05 0.05
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
x [m] x [m]

Grid Original Centroids Displaced Centroids Deformation Streamlines

Figure: Traction from the left side, the right side is kept rigid. The
left figure shows the centroid displacements and the right figure
shows the deformation streamlines.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Results from test e)
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline

0.5 Governing equations

0.45 0.45

0.4 0.4 First tests using

0.35 0.35 MPSA code
0.3 0.3 Compression Tests
y [m]

y [m]
0.25 0.25 15 Traction Tests
0.2 0.2
0.15 0.15 Comments and Next
0.1 0.1 steps
0.05 0.05
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
x [m] x [m]

Grid Original Centroids Displaced Centroids Deformation Streamlines

Figure: Traction from the right side, the left side is kept rigid. The
left figure shows the centroid displacements and the right figure
shows the deformation streamlines.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Results from test f)
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

Outline

Governing equations
0.5

0.45 0.45 First tests using

0.4 0.4 MPSA code
0.35 0.35 Compression Tests
0.3 0.3
16 Traction Tests
y [m]

y [m]
0.25 0.25

0.2 0.2 Comments and Next

0.15 0.15 steps
0.1 0.1

0.05 0.05

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 x [m]
x [m]
Deformation Streamlines
Grid Original Centroids Displaced Centroids

Figure: Traction from both sides. The left figure shows the centroid
displacements and the right figure shows the deformation streamlines.

University of Bergen
17 Norway
Comments and Next steps
Master Thesis

Jhabriel Varela, Ch.E.

I Currently, Im having some issues replicating these results Outline

Governing equations
in the vertical direction.
First tests using
MPSA code
I Expand the MPSA code as we did for the MPFA code. Compression Tests
Traction Tests
Meaning: definition of grid, physical parameters, discrete 17 Comments and Next
operators, iterative solver, etc. steps

I Simulate a 2D model in the x-z plane to show how a body

can get deformed by its own weight.
I Transient? and/or 3D?
I Non-uniform grid...
I Biots Equations (Coupling Flow and Elasticity)

University of Bergen
17 Norway