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LM138/LM338
5A Positive Adjustable
OBSOLETE: Voltage Regulator
FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY
Contact Linear Technology for Potential Replacement
Features Description
nn Guaranteed 1% Initial Tolerance The LT138A series of adjustable regulators provide 5A
nn Guaranteed 0.3% Load Regulation output current over an output voltage range of 1.2V to
nn Guaranteed 5A Output Current 32V. The internal voltage reference is trimmed to less
nn 100% Thermal Limit Burn-In than 1%, enabling a very tight output voltage. In addition
nn 12A Transient Output Current to excellent line and load regulation, with full overload
protection, the LT138A incorporates new current limit-
ing circuitry allowing large transient load currents to be
Applications handled for short periods. Transient load currents of up
nn High Power Linear Regulator to 12A can be supplied without limiting, eliminating the
nn Battery Chargers need for a large output capacitor.
nn Power Driver
The LT138A is an improved version of the popular LM138
nn Constant-Current Regulator
with improved circuit design and advanced process tech-
niques to provide superior performance and reliability.
The graph below shows the significant improvement in
output voltage tolerance achieved by using the LT138A
or LT338A.
L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear
Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Typical Application
Parallel Regulators for Higher Current* Output Voltage Error
12
LT338A 11
0.01
5V
VIN VIN VOUT 10
8A
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR (%)
ADJ 9
2% RESISTORS
8 LM338
7
1% RESISTORS
6 LM338
LT350A
0.016** 5 LT338A
VIN VOUT
4 2% RESISTORS
ADJ 121
1% 3 LT338A
2 1% RESISTORS
365 1
1% 0
1 10 100
138/338 TA01
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
*THIS CIRCUIT WILL NOT WORK WITH LM VERSION DEVICES 138A/338A TA02
**CURRENT SHARING RESISTORS DEGRADE REGULATION TO 1%
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Pin Configuration
BOTTOM VIEW
VIN
FRONT VIEW
2
3 VIN
CASE
IS OUTPUT 2 VOUT
1
1 ADJ
ADJ (GND*)
P PACKAGE
K PACKAGE 3-LEAD PLASTIC TO-3P
2-LEAD TO-3 METAL CAN TJMAX = 125C, JA = 45C/W
TJMAX = 150C, JA = 35C/W, JA = 1C/W (LT138A/LT138)
TJMAX = 125C, JA = 35C/W, JA = 1C/W (LT338A/LT338)
OBSOLETE PACKAGE
OBSOLETE PACKAGE
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The denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C.
LT138A LM138
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX UNITS
VREF Reference Voltage IOUT = 10mA 1.238 1.250 1.262 V
3V (VIN VOUT) 35V, l 1.225 1.250 1.270 1.19 1.24 1.29 V
10mA IOUT 5A, P 50W
VOUT Line Regulation 3V (VIN VOUT) 35V, (Note 3) 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.03 %/V
VIN l 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.06 %/V
VOUT Load Regulation 10mA IOUT 5A, (Note 3)
VOUT VOUT 5V 5 15 5 25 mV
VOUT 5V 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 %
VOUT 5V l 20 30 20 50 mV
VOUT 5V l 0.3 0.6 0.3 1 %
Thermal Regulation 20ms Pulse 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.02 %/W
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Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings Note 3: See thermal regulation specifications for changes in output voltage
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute due to heating effects. Load and line regulation are measured at a constant
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing.
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2: Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply: VIN VOUT
= 5V and IOUT = 2.5A. These specifications are applicable for power
dissipations up to 50W.
PRELOAD = 50mA
ADJUSTMENT CURRENT (A)
55
0 IOUT = 3A 3
IOUT = 5A 50
IOUT = 5A
0.1
IOUT = 3A 45
0.2 2
40
IOUT = 1A
0.3 35
0.4 1 30
75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 75 25 25 75 125
TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C)
138/338 G01 138/338 G02 138A/338A G03
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OUTPUT IMPEDANCE ()
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
1.230 0.0001 0
50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
TEMPERATURE (C) FREQUENCY (Hz) INPUT-OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V)
138A/338A G04 138/338 G05 138A/338A G06
80 80
CADJ = 10F 70
CADJ = 0F
60 60 CADJ = 0F
CADJ = 0F 60
40 40
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OUTPUT VOLTAGE
TJ = 25C CADJ = 10F CADJ = 0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DEVIATION (V)
CL = 1F 1
DEVIATION (V)
0.5
CL = 10F
0
0
1
0.5 VIN = 15V
COUT = 0 2 VOUT = 10V
1.0 CADJ = 0 TCASE = 25C
3
PRELOAD = 100mA
1.5
1.0 4
CHANGE (V)
0.5 2
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
TIME (s) TIME (s)
138A/338A G13 138A/338A G14
Applications Information
General For example, using 2% resistors and 4% tolerance for
The LT138A develops a 1.25V reference voltage between VREF, calculations will show that the expected range of a
5V regulator design would be 4.66V VOUT 5.36V or
the output and the adjustable terminal (see Figure 1). By
approximately 7%. If the same example were used for a
placing a resistor, R1, between these two terminals, a
15V regulator, the expected tolerance would be 8%. With
constant current is caused to flow through R1 and down
these results most applications required some method of
through R2 to set the overall output voltage. Normally
trimming, usually a trim pot. This solution is both expensive
this current is the specified minimum load current of 5mA
and not conductive to volume production.
or 10mA. Because IADJ is very small and constant when
compared with the current through R1, it represents a small One of the enhancements of Linear Technologys adjust-
error and can usually be ignored. It is easily seen from the able regulators over existing devices is the tightened initial
output voltage equation, that even if the resistors were of tolerance of VREF . This allows relatively inexpensive 1%
exact value, the accuracy of the output is limited by the ac- or 2% film resistors to be used for R1 and R2 to set the
curacy of VREF. Earlier adjustable regulators had a reference output voltage within an acceptable tolerance.
tolerance of 4% which is dangerously close to the
With a guaranteed 1% reference, a 5V power supply
5% supply tolerance required in many logic and analog
design, using 2% resistors, would have a worst-case
systems. Further, even 1% resistors can drift 0.01%/C,
manufacturing tolerance of 4%. If 1% resistors are used,
adding additional error to the output voltage tolerance.
the tolerance will drop to 2.5%. A plot of the worst-case
output voltage tolerance as a function of resistor tolerance
LT338A
is shown on the front page of this data sheet.
VIN VIN VOUT VOUT
ADJ VREF R1 For convenience, a table of standard 1% resistor values
+
IADJ is shown in Table 1.
50A
R2
( )
138A/338A F01
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R2
CONNECT
R2 TO LOAD
138A/338A F03
Typical Applications
Improving Ripple Rejection
LT338A
VIN VIN VOUT 5V
+ ADJ
R1
1F 121
1%
R2 + CL*
365
10F
1%
138A/338A TA03
*C1 IMPROVES RIPPLE REJECTION, XC
SHOULD BE SMALL COMPARED TO R2
LT338A
VIN VIN VOUT VOUT
ADJ R1
240
+ C1* R2
+ C2**
1F 5k 1F
138A/338A TA04
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LT338A
VIN VIN VOUT 5V
+ ADJ 121
1F 1%
1k
TTL 2N3904 365
1k 1%
138A/338A TA05
3A LT338A
VIN VOUT
ADJ 243
1%
10k
50
2N3906 12V
2k
50k
138A/338A TA07
Remote Sensing
RP
LT338A (MAX DROP
300mV)
VOUT
VIN VIN VOUT
5V
ADJ
VIN
7 2
25 6
LM301A
1k RL
+ 3
121 1
8 5F
4
100pF
365
+
25
RETURN
RETURN
138A/338A TA06
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VIN
300
Q1
Q26 200
Q27
Q4 Q6 Q9 120
Q2 Q15 Q19 6.7k 12k Q28 D1
C3
4k 5pF 400 160k 18k
3k
12.4k Q18 Q22
16k
130 D2
Q10 Q16 Q25
Q8
+ C1 Q20
Q1 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q17
30pF
+ 160
C2
Q3 Q7 4.1k 5.1k 2.4k
30pF
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LT138A/LT338A
LM138/LM338
Package Description
Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings.
K Package
2-Lead TO-3 Metal Can
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1310)
0.760 0.775
0.320 0.350
(19.30 19.69)
(8.13 8.89)
0.060 0.135
(1.524 3.429)
0.420 0.480
(10.67 12.19)
0.038 0.043
(0.965 1.09)
1.177 1.197
(29.90 30.40)
0.655 0.675
(16.64 17.15)
0.210 0.220
(5.33 5.59) 0.151 0.161
(3.86 4.09)
DIA, 2PLCS
0.167 0.177
(4.24 4.49)
0.425 0.435 R
(10.80 11.05)
0.067 0.077 0.490 0.510
(1.70 1.96) (12.45 12.95)
R K2 (TO-3) 1098
OBSOLETE PACKAGE
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P Package
3-Lead Plastic TO-3P (Similar to TO-247)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1450)
.560
(14.224) .187 .207
.620 .64O (4.75 5.26)
.325 .275 (15.75 16.26)
(8.255) (6.985) MOUNTING HOLE .060 .080
18 22 (1.52 2.03)
.115 .145
(2.92 3.68)
DIA
.580
(14.732) .830 .870 .170 .2OO
.700 (21.08 22.10) (4.32 5.08)
(17.780) EJECTOR PIN MARKS
.580 .6OO .105 .125
(14.73 15.24) (2.67 3.18)
DIA
.098 37
(2.489)
.124 .170
(3.149) (4.32)
MAX
.780 .800
(19.81 20.32)
OBSOLETE PACKAGE
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LT338A
LT338A
15V VIN VOUT
+ VIN VOUT
1F ADJ 10F ADJ
1.2k
+
12V
12k 10F
1k
+
138A/338A TA09
2N3904
12k
138A/338A TA08
12V
LT338A
5A
VOUT VIN
TTL OR ADJ
CMOS
10k
138A/338A TA10
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