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FINAL EXAMINATION
(SOLUTION)
TIME : 3 hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Server Server
Internet
Computer Computer Computer
Server Server
Branch office router
a. What would your choice for a physical medium within the Local Area Network (LAN)
at the Head Office. Justify your choice. (CO1, Level 2)
[4 marks]
Answer: Copper cable because it is cheap and able to carry data bandwidth up to 100
Mbps.
b. What is the physical topology used within the LAN at the Head Office as shown in
Figure 1? (CO1, Level 1)
[2 marks]
Answer: Bus topology
c. What is a possible logical topology for an e-mail application within the Head Office?
Describe the operation. (CO1, Level 2)
[6 marks]
Answer: Client-server. Centralised controlled over the network performed by the server
towards all the clients (PCs)
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e. The Open System Interconnect (OSI) model uses 7 layers. Which layer is responsible
addressing and routing? Give an example of a device that operates at this layer. (CO1,
Level 2)
[4 marks]
Answer: Layer 3 i.e. Network layer. An example of device that operates here is a router.
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b. What are two environmental factors that may affect the signal performance of power
line carrier? (CO3, Level 2)
[4 marks]
Answer: Environmental factors rain, snow, sleet, dust on conductor, radio
interference, lightning
c. What is the purpose of using a coupling device(s) in Power Line Carrier? Provide an
example of one coupling device. (CO3, Level 2)
[4 marks]
Answer: The coupling device(s) are used to couple the impedance of the line to the
PLC equipment and reduce the voltage of the line to the operating voltage of PLC.
d. Explain why fiber optics is considered a better communication medium than Power
Line Carrier for power utility. (CO2, Level 2)
[4 marks]
Answer: Fibre optics are immune to electromagnetic (EMF) interference and can
carry higher bandwidth and data than PLC.
e. You are planning for a teleprotection application; describe any teleprotection
application. (CO4, Level 2)
[4 marks]
Answer: A current differential is a relay that uses communication to compare voltage
and current coming in and going out from two terminal ends of high voltage equipment
such as a transformer or a line.
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f. Choose between using Power Line Carrier and Fibre optics for a teleprotection
application by taking into consideration of these performance parameters: bandwidth
and error rate. Justify your answer. (CO4, Level 3)
[5 marks]
Answer: Fibre optic has higher bandwidth and very low error rate compared to power line
carrier. I would choose fibre optics.
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Use Client-server/master slave so that less overhead (envelope) info to achieve 96% data
throughput.
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