[{"text": "Let's", "endTime": 1120, "startTime": 850, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":

"say I have the indefinite\nintegral 1 over the square", "endTime": 6600,

"startTime": 1120, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "root of 3 minus 2x squared.",
"endTime": 11840, "startTime": 6600, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Of course I have
a dx there.", "endTime": 13730, "startTime": 11840, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"So right when I look at\nthat, there's no obvious", "endTime": 16600, "startTime":
13730, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "traditional method of\ntaking this
antiderivative.", "endTime": 19240, "startTime": 16600, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "I don't have the derivative of\nthis sitting someplace else in",
"endTime": 22510, "startTime": 19240, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "the integral,
so I can't do\ntraditional u-substitution.", "endTime": 25830, "startTime": 22510,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "But what I can do is I could\nsay, well, this almost
looks", "endTime": 29560, "startTime": 25830, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "like
some trig identities that\nI'm familiar with, so maybe I", "endTime": 32680,
"startTime": 29560, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "can substitute with\ntrig
functions.", "endTime": 35610, "startTime": 32680, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So
let's see if I can find\na trig identity that", "endTime": 37740, "startTime":
35610, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "looks similar to this.", "endTime": 39280,
"startTime": 37740, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Well, our most
basic\ntrigonometric identity-- this", "endTime": 41830, "startTime": 39280,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "comes from the unit circle\ndefinition-- is that the
sine", "endTime": 45100, "startTime": 41830, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "squared
of theta plus\nthe cosine squared of", "endTime": 50080, "startTime": 45100,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "theta is equal to 1.", "endTime": 53040, "startTime":
50080, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "And then if we subtract cosine\nsquared of
theta from both", "endTime": 56380, "startTime": 53040, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "sides, we get-- or if we\nsubtract sine squared of theta", "endTime":
59510, "startTime": 56380, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "from both sides, we could
do\neither-- we could get cosine", "endTime": 63220, "startTime": 59510,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "squared of theta is equal to 1\nminus sine squared of
theta.", "endTime": 68310, "startTime": 63220, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "We
could do either way.", "endTime": 69460, "startTime": 68310, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "But this, all of a sudden, this\nthing right here, starts to", "endTime":
74790, "startTime": 69460, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "look a little bit like
this.", "endTime": 76230, "startTime": 74790, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Maybe I
can do a little bit of\nalgebraic manipulation to make", "endTime": 78790,
"startTime": 76230, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "this look a lot like that.",
"endTime": 80580, "startTime": 78790, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So the first
thing, I would\nlike to have a 1 here-- at", "endTime": 82540, "startTime": 80580,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "least, that's how my brain\nworks-- so let's factor
out a", "endTime": 85090, "startTime": 82540, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "3 out
of this denominator.", "endTime": 87420, "startTime": 85090, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "So this is the same thing as\nthe integral of 1 over the", "endTime":
93630, "startTime": 87420, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "square root of-- let me
factor\nout a 3 out of this expression.", "endTime": 97920, "startTime": 93630,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "3 times 1 minus 2/3x squared.", "endTime": 104690,
"startTime": 97920, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "I did nothing fancy here.",
"endTime": 105900, "startTime": 104690, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "I just
factored the 3\nout of this expression,", "endTime": 107890, "startTime": 105900,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "that's all I did.", "endTime": 109250, "startTime":
107890, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "But the neat thing now is,\nthis expression
looks a", "endTime": 113130, "startTime": 109250, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "lot
like that expression.", "endTime": 114650, "startTime": 113130, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "In fact, if I substitute, if I\nsay that this thing right here,",
"endTime": 118310, "startTime": 114650, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "this 2/3x
squared, if I set it\nequal to sine squared theta, I", "endTime": 122490,
"startTime": 118310, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "will be able to use\nthis
identity.", "endTime": 124250, "startTime": 122490, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"So let's do that.", "endTime": 125450, "startTime": 124250, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "Let's set 2/3x squared, let's\nset that equal to sine", "endTime":
132130, "startTime": 125450, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "squared of theta.",
"endTime": 135590, "startTime": 132130, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So if we take
the square root\nof both sides of this equation,", "endTime": 138210, "startTime":
135590, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "I get the square root of 2 over\nthe square
root of 3 times x is", "endTime": 144730, "startTime": 138210, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "equal to the sine of theta.", "endTime": 148910, "startTime": 144730,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "If I want to solve for\nx, what do I get?",
"endTime": 151600, "startTime": 148910, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "And, well,
we're going to\nhave to solve for both", "endTime": 152870, "startTime": 151600,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "x and for theta, so\nlet's do it both ways.",
"endTime": 154600, "startTime": 152870, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "First, let's
solve for theta.", "endTime": 157390, "startTime": 154600, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "If we solve for theta, you get\nthat theta is equal to the", "endTime":
162430, "startTime": 157390, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "arcsine, or the inverse
sine,\nof square root of 2 over", "endTime": 167500, "startTime": 162430,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "square root of 3x.", "endTime": 169820, "startTime":
167500, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "That's if you solve for theta.", "endTime":
171300, "startTime": 169820, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Now, if you solve for x,
you\njust multiply both sides of", "endTime": 174380, "startTime": 171300,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "this equation times the inverse\nof this and you get
x is equal", "endTime": 178940, "startTime": 174380, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"to-- divide both sides of the\nequation by this or multiply it", "endTime":
181650, "startTime": 178940, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "by the inverse-- is
equal to\nthe square root of 3 over the", "endTime": 185180, "startTime": 181650,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "square root of 2 times\nthe sine of theta.",
"endTime": 190230, "startTime": 185180, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "And we were
going to substitute\nthis with sine squared of", "endTime": 193060, "startTime":
190230, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "theta, but we can't leave\nthis dx out
there.", "endTime": 195410, "startTime": 193060, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "We
have to take the integral\nwith respect to d theta.", "endTime": 198000,
"startTime": 195410, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So what's dx with\nrespect to d
theta?", "endTime": 200530, "startTime": 198000, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So
the derivative of x with\nrespect to theta is equal to", "endTime": 205560,
"startTime": 200530, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "square root of 3 over\nsquare
root of 2.", "endTime": 208690, "startTime": 205560, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"Derivative of this with respect\nto theta is just cosine of", "endTime": 212170,
"startTime": 208690, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "theta, and if we want to
write\nthis in terms of dx, we could", "endTime": 215340, "startTime": 212170,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "just write that dx is equal to\nsquare root of 3 over
the", "endTime": 220490, "startTime": 215340, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "square
root of 2 cosine\nof theta d theta.", "endTime": 226370, "startTime": 220490,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Now we're ready to substitute.", "endTime": 227870,
"startTime": 226370, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So we can rewrite
this\nexpression up here-- I'll do it", "endTime": 232660, "startTime": 227870,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "in this reddish color-- I was\nusing that, let me
do", "endTime": 236360, "startTime": 232660, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "it in
the blue color.", "endTime": 237770, "startTime": 236360, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "We can rewrite this\nexpression up here now.", "endTime": 239650,
"startTime": 237770, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "It's an indefinite
integral\nof-- dx is on the", "endTime": 243610, "startTime": 239650, "kaIsValid":
true}, {"text": "numerator, right?", "endTime": 244600, "startTime": 243610,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Instead of writing this 1\ntimes dx, I could have",
"endTime": 246330, "startTime": 244600, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "just written
a dx up here.", "endTime": 248050, "startTime": 246330, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "That could be a dx\njust like that.", "endTime": 249750, "startTime":
248050, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "You're just multiplying\nit times dx.",
"endTime": 251800, "startTime": 249750, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So what's
dx?", "endTime": 252990, "startTime": 251800, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "dx is
this business.", "endTime": 254880, "startTime": 252990, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "I'll do it in yellow.", "endTime": 256070, "startTime": 254880,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "dx is this right here.", "endTime": 257950,
"startTime": 256070, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So it's the square root of\n3
over the square root of", "endTime": 261560, "startTime": 257950, "kaIsValid":
true}, {"text": "2 cosine theta d theta.", "endTime": 266250, "startTime": 261560,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"That's what dx was.", "endTime": 268160, "startTime": 266250, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "Now, the denominator in my\nequation, I have the square", "endTime":
273250, "startTime": 268160, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "root of 3 times--\nnow
it's 1 minus.", "endTime": 279580, "startTime": 273250, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "Now I said 2/3x squared is\nequal to sine squared of theta.", "endTime":
283053, "startTime": 279580, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Now how can I simplify
this?", "endTime": 289750, "startTime": 287640, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Well,
what's 1 minus\nsine squared of theta?", "endTime": 292960, "startTime": 289750,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "That's cosine squared of theta.", "endTime": 295480,
"startTime": 292960, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So this thing right here
is\ncosine squared of theta.", "endTime": 299670, "startTime": 295480, "kaIsValid":
true}, {"text": "So my indefinite integral\nbecomes the square root of 3",
"endTime": 305010, "startTime": 299670, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "over the
square root of 2\ncosine theta d theta, all of", "endTime": 311030, "startTime":
305010, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "that over the square root of\n3 times the
cosine", "endTime": 318340, "startTime": 311030, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"squared of theta.", "endTime": 319570, "startTime": 318340, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "That just became cosine\nsquared of theta.", "endTime": 321900,
"startTime": 319570, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So let's just take the
square\nroot of this bottom part.", "endTime": 323890, "startTime": 321900,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So this is going to be equal\nto-- I'll do an
arbitrary", "endTime": 327380, "startTime": 323890, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"change of colors-- square root\nof 3 over the square root of 2", "endTime":
332670, "startTime": 327380, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "cosine of theta d theta,
all of\nthat over-- what's the", "endTime": 337890, "startTime": 332670,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "square root of this?", "endTime": 338420,
"startTime": 337890, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "It's equal to the square
root\nof 3 times the square root", "endTime": 341230, "startTime": 338420,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "of cosine squared, so\ntimes cosine of theta.",
"endTime": 345730, "startTime": 341230, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Now, this
simplifies\nthings a good bit.", "endTime": 347200, "startTime": 345730,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "I have a cosine of theta\ndivided by a cosine of
theta,", "endTime": 350110, "startTime": 347200, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"those cancel out, so we'll just\nget 1, and then I have a square", "endTime":
353150, "startTime": 350110, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "root of 3 up here
divided by a\nsquare root of 3, so those two", "endTime": 356150, "startTime":
353150, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "guys are going to cancel out,\nso my integral
simplifies", "endTime": 359860, "startTime": 356150, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"nicely to 1 over square\nroot of 2 d theta.", "endTime": 365730, "startTime":
359860, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Or even better, I could write\nthis-- this is
just a constant", "endTime": 368530, "startTime": 365730, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "term, I could take it out of my\nintegral-- it equals 1 over the",
"endTime": 372460, "startTime": 368530, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "square root
of 2 times my\nintegral of just d theta.", "endTime": 377140, "startTime": 372460,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "And this is super easy.", "endTime": 378800,
"startTime": 377140, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "This is equal to 1 over\nthe
square root of 2", "endTime": 382570, "startTime": 378800, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "times theta plus c.", "endTime": 385590, "startTime": 382570,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Plus some constant.", "endTime": 386900, "startTime":
385590, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "I mean, you could say that the\nintegral of
this is theta plus", "endTime": 388760, "startTime": 386900, "kaIsValid": true},
{"text": "c and then you'd multiply the\nconstant times this, but it's", "endTime":
390830, "startTime": 388760, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "still going to be
some\narbitrary constant.", "endTime": 392950, "startTime": 390830, "kaIsValid":
true}, {"text": "I think you know how to take\nthe antiderivative of this.",
"endTime": 395320, "startTime": 392950, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "But are we
done?", "endTime": 396630, "startTime": 395320, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "Well,
no.", "endTime": 397210, "startTime": 396630, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "We want
to know our indefinite\nintegral in terms of x.", "endTime": 400420, "startTime":
397210, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So now we have to\nreverse substitute.",
"endTime": 402280, "startTime": 400420, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So what is
theta?", "endTime": 403960, "startTime": 402280, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "We
figured that out here. theta\nis equal to arcsine the square", "endTime": 406900,
"startTime": 403960, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "root of 2 over the\nsquare root
of 3x.", "endTime": 408810, "startTime": 406900, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So
our original indefinite\nintegral, which was all of this", "endTime": 413840,
"startTime": 408810, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "silliness up here, now that
I\nreverse substitute for theta or", "endTime": 418180, "startTime": 413840,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "put x back in there, it's 1\nover the square root",
"endTime": 422140, "startTime": 418180, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "of 2 times
theta.", "endTime": 423890, "startTime": 422140, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text":
"theta is just this, is just\narcsine of square root of 2", "endTime": 432980,
"startTime": 423890, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "over square root of 3 x,
and\nthen I have this constant", "endTime": 437530, "startTime": 432980,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "out here, plus c.", "endTime": 439600, "startTime":
437530, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So this right here is\nthe antiderivative
of", "endTime": 446230, "startTime": 439600, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "1 over
the square root\nof 3 minus 2x squared.", "endTime": 449800, "startTime": 446230,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "So hopefully you\nfound that helpful.", "endTime":
450840, "startTime": 449800, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "I'm going to do a couple
of\nmore videos where we go through", "endTime": 452690, "startTime": 450840,
"kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "a bunch of these examples,\njust so that you get",
"endTime": 454350, "startTime": 452690, "kaIsValid": true}, {"text": "familiar with
them.", "endTime": 456220, "startTime": 454350, "kaIsValid": true}]