Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Volume 1
Proceedings of the
first International Indology Graduate Research Symposium
(September 2009, Oxford)
Edited by
Nina Mirnig
Pter-Dniel Sznt
Michael Williams
ISBN 978-1-84217-385-5
www.oxbowbooks.com
Published in the United Kingdom in 2013 by
OXBOW BOOKS
10 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EW
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher in writing.
UNITED KINgDOm
Oxbow Books
Telephone (01865) 241249, Fax (01865) 794449
Email: oxbow@oxbowbooks.com
www.oxbowbooks.com
S`27+2 ix
R :BQpMMB *BQiiB
.2}MBM; i?2 ap` "2`BM; lMBi BM i?2 BFp2/; HBi2`im`2,
lMKbFBM; p2BH2/ /2#i2 R
k q?BiM2v *Qt
Sm`B+ i`Mb7Q`KiBQMb BM *QH *B/K#`K, h?2 *B/K#`@
K?iKv M/ i?2 aib?Bi k8
j .MB2H2 *mM2Q
lM7mxxvBM; i?2 7mxxvX h?2 /BbiBM+iBQM #2ir22M `bb M/ #?pb
BM "?`i M/ #?BMp;mTi 9N
9 >m;Q .pB/
+QMi`B#miBQM Q7 o2/Mi iQ i?2 ?BbiQ`v Q7 JKb, S`F@
iKMb BMi2`T`2iiBQM Q7 p2`#H 2z2+imiBQM U#/#?pMV dd
e 1KKMm2H 6`M+Bb
hQr`/b M2r 2/BiBQM Q7 i?2 +Q`Tmb Q7 SHHp BMb+`BTiBQMb Rkj
d 1HBb 6`2b+?B
.B/ JKb mi?Q`b 7Q`KmHi2 i?2Q`v Q7 +iBQM\ R8R
v
vi Contents
3 1HBb :Mb2`
h`D2+iQ`B2b Q7 /M+2 QM i?2 bm`7+2 Q7 i?2i`B+H K2MBM;b, +QM@
i`B#miBQM iQ i?2 i?2Q`v Q7 `b 7`QK i?2 7Qm`i? +?Ti2` Q7 i?2
#?BMp#?`i Rdj
N HbiB` :Q`MHH
.`pv b S2`KM2Mi _272`2Mi, h?2 SQi2MiBH a`pbiBp/ AM@
~m2M+2 QM SiDHBb SbT?MBF kyj
Ry :2`;2Hv >B/b
_BimHb BM i?2 J?b?b`T`K`/Mbi` kk8
RR LB`DM E7H2
h?2 GB;Q/#?p Jvi? BM 1`Hv Bp aQm`+2b k9R
Rk E2MB+?B Em`MBb?B
uMi`b BM i?2 "m//?Bbi hMi`b uK`BiMi`b M/ _2Hi2/
GBi2`im`2 ke8
Rj LBM JB`MB;
Bp aB//?Mi `//?
hQr`/b M 2pHmiBQM Q7 i?2 bQ+BQ@`2HB;BQmb HM/b+T2 2MpBb;2/
#v T`2@Rki? +2Mim`v bQm`+2b k3j
R9 vFQ LFKm`
*QMbiBim2Mib Q7 "m//??QQ/ b S`2b2Mi2/ BM i?2 "m//?#?KBb@
i` M/ i?2 Ni? *?Ti2` Q7 i?2 J?vMbi`HF`, *QK@
T`iBp2 MHvbBb jyj
R8 M/`2r PHH2ii
h?2 ;++?M/b BM i?2 AM/BM K2i`B+H i`/BiBQM jjR
Re MiQBM2 SMQiB
MiKi- aQi2`BQHQ;v M/ JQ`H Sbv+?QHQ;v BM AM/BM "m//?BbK je8
Rd Ab#2HH2 _iB
S`K`i?BF Q` T`K`i?BF\ PM i?2 QMiQHQ;B+H biimb Q7 b2T@
`iBQM ++Q`/BM; iQ #?BMp;mTi j3R
R3 "B?MB a`F`
h?v 6B2`+2 GQimb@622i, .M;2` M/ "2M2pQH2M+2 BM J2/B2pH aM@
bF`Bi SQ2Kb iQ J?Bbm`K`/BM@.m`; 9yd
Contents vii
RN Si2`@.{MB2H ax{Mi
JBMQ` oD`vM i2tib AAX
M2r KMmb+`BTi Q7 i?2 :m`mT+BF 99j
ky JB+?2H qBHHBKb
*M r2 BM72` mM2bi#HBb?2/ 2MiBiB2b\ J/?p +QMi`B#miBQM iQ
i?2 AM/BM i?2Q`v Q7 BM72`2M+2 98R
6B7i22M
M/`2r PHH2ii
jjR
jjk M/`2r PHH2ii
Up2/;V- ?/ i?mb rB/2M2/ Bib b+QT2 iQ BM+Hm/2 MQM@o2/B+ K2i`2b #27Q`2
Q` i i?2 iBK2 Q7 Bib 2`HB2bi bvbi2KiB+ i2tiX USB;Hb i2`KBMB / [m2K
`2 7m`MBb?2/ #v `272`2M+2b iQ ?BK BM i?2 hm`7M *?M/QpB+BiB M/ #`b
JKbbi`#?v- #Qi? T`Q##Hv Q7 i?2 i?B`/ +2Mim`v +2X A ?p2 7QmM/
MQ `272`2M+2 iQ ?BK BM i?2 J?#?v- b K2MiBQM2/ #v SQHHQ+F RNdd, RyeVX
AM T`BM+BTH2 i?Bb Bb MQi bm`T`BbBM;, +?M/b bBKTHv `272`b iQ K2i`2- M/ i?2
o2/b M/ i?2B` bbQ+Bi2/ i2tib #v MQ K2Mb +QMiBM2/ i?2 QMHv K2i`B+H
p2`b2 BM AM/B `QmM/ i?2 im`M Q7 i?2 }`bi KBHH2MMBmKX q?i Bb MQi +H2` Bb
r?v SB;H Q` ?Bb T`2+m`bQ`b +?Qb2 iQ BM+Hm/2 HmFBF K2i`2b, r?i r2`2
i?2 i`;2i i2tib Q7 i?2B` MHvbBb\ q2#2` R3ej BM72``2/ 7`QK i?2 MK2b
Q7 KMv K2i`2b BM SB;Hb bi`b r?B+? `272``2/ iQ 72KH2 #2miv i?i
i H2bi bQK2 Q7 i?2b2 ?vTQi?2iB+H i`;2i i2tib ?/ 2`QiB+ i?2K2bc i?2b2
i2tib KB;?i THmbB#Hv #2 /2b+`B#2/ b Fpv Q` T`QiQ@FpvX 7i2` SB;H-
mi?Q`b BM i?2 i`/BiBQM Q7 *?M/bi` +2`iBMHv ?/ Fpv BM KBM/- M/
i?2Q`Bbib Q7 Fpv BM im`M `2+Q;MBx2/ i?2 BKTQ`iM+2 Q7 +?M/bXk
RXkXk h?2 /Bb+mbbBQM Q7 i`;2i i2tib KB;?i b22K B``2H2pMi iQ ;2M2`H
bm`p2v Q7 i?2 K2i`B+H i`/BiBQM- #mi Bi Bb BKTQ`iMi 7Q` i H2bi irQ `2bQMb,
URV i?2 2KT?bBb QM K2i`2b 7`QK Fpv- HBi2``v bivH2 b?`2/ #2ir22M "m/@
/?Bbib- CBMb- M/ "`?KMB+H mi?Q`b- HHQr2/ *?M/bi` iQ #2+QK2
MQM/2MQKBMiBQMH i`/BiBQMc UkV b r2 rBHH b22- bQK2 K2i`B+H i2tib b22K
iQ ?p2 /Bz2`2Mi i`;2i i2tib i?M i?Qb2 Q7 i?2 *?M/bi`@i`/BiBQM-
r?B+? HHQrb mb iQ b+`B#2 i?2K i H2bi BM T`i iQ M BM/2T2M/2Mi i`/BiBQMX
h?2b2 irQ TQBMib `2 +QMbQMMi rBi? i?2 ;2M2`H TB+im`2 Q7 i?2 AM/BM K2i@
`B+H i`/BiBQM T`2b2Mi2/ #2HQr- BM r?B+? KBMbi`2K aMbF`BiB+ i`/BiBQM
Q7 *?M/bi`- Bib2H7 +QKTQbBi2- +Q2tBbi2/ rBi? M/ BMi2`+i2/ rBi?
/BbiBM+i S`F`BiB+ i`/BiBQMX
RXkXj h?2 KBMbi`2K i`/BiBQM- r?B+? r2 Kv HbQ +HH i?2 SB;@
H i`/BiBQM- Bb MQi /B{+mHi iQ i`+2X "2bB/2b SB;Hb bi`b- i?2`2 `2
i?2 +QKK2Mi`B2b Q7 >Hvm/? UJibDpM- Ryth +XV- u/pT`F
URRth +XV- M/ "?bF`+`v URkth +XV- M/ bmKK`v BM i?2 ;MBTm`
U+?Ti2`b jkd@jj9VX h?2 CM`v *?M/QpB+BiB UHi2 eth +XV M/ i?2 `2Hi2/
_iMKD U2`Hv eth +X, +7X h`BTi?B RNddV `2 #Qi? r`Bii2M BM bi`b rBi?
M miQ+QKK2Mi`v M/ 2tKTH2@p2`b2bX h?2 Cv/2p++?M/b Q7 Cv/2@
p- HbQ Q7 i?2 eth +X- mb2b i?2 HFv@HF K2i?Q/ r?2`2#v K2i`2 Bb
/2}M2/ M/ 2t2KTHB}2/ #v i?2 bK2 p2`b2c Bi rb T`iB+mH`Hv BM~m2MiBH-
bBM+2 Bi rb +Bi2/ #v >Hvm/? M/ "?QiTH BM ?Bb +QKK2Mi`v iQ o@
`?KB?B`b "?ib?Bi Uo2HMF` RN9eVX h?2 *?M/QMmbM Q7 Cv@
F`iB URRth +XV HbQ mb2b i?2 HFv@HF K2i?Q/X >2K+M/`b *?M/Q@
k
1X;X .BM BM Epv/` RXRk, +?M/QpB+Biv bFHb iiT`T+Q MB/`Bi %
b pB/v Mm` pBpBF ;K#?` Fpvb;`K %%X
:++?M/b jjj
h#H2 R8XR,
HBM2 R
HBM2 k
U KQMFV r?Q H2p2b KQi?2` M/ 7i?2` UM/ ?BbV 7Q`K2` U7K@
BHvV +QMM2+iBQM- U`2bQHpBM;,V A rBHH HBp2 HQM2- rBi?Qmi +QKTM@
BQM- b QM2 7Q` r?QK b2tmH TH2bm`2 ?b +2b2/- b22FBM; bQHBi`v
TH+2b
`;m2b i?i i?2 QH/ `v rb i`MbBiBQMH K2i`2 M/ ?/ 7HH2M Qmi Q7 7pQ`
H`2/v #v i?2 iBK2 Q7 i?2 `/?K;/? M/ SHB i2tibX
kXRXj h?2 `2bi Q7 LQ`KMb `;mK2Mi Bb rQ`i? bmKK`BxBM;- #2+mb2 Bi
Bb i?2 KQbi `2+2Mi M/ KQbi /2iBH2/ +QMi`B#miBQM iQ i?2 ?BbiQ`v Q7 i?2 `v
K2i`2X P#b2`pBM; i?i i?2 +HbbB+H `v HbQ TT2`b BM QH/2` i2tib Q7 i?2
p2iK#` M/ h?2`p/ +MQMb- ?2 BM72`b i?i i?Bb K2i`2 ?/ H`2/v
`2+?2/ J;/? U7`QK TmiiBp2 r2bi2`M `2;BQM Q7 K2i`B+H 2tT2`BK2Mi@
iBQMV #v i?2 9th +X #+2X >2 bT2+mHi2b i?i i?2 CBMb- r?Q `2KBM2/ BM AM/B-
+QMiBMm2/ iQ mb2 Bi- r?BH2 i?2 "m//?Bbib HQbi i?2 FMQrH2/;2 Q7 +QKTQbBM;
BM +HbbB+H `vb b r2HH r?2M i?2v KQp2/ iQ a`B GMFX GBF2 C+Q#B UR339V
M/ q`/2` URNedV- LQ`KM KBMiBMb i?i i?2 QH/ `v /2p2HQT2/ 7`QK
Ki`+?M/b K2i`2b- r?B+? +QmMi Ki`b iQr`/b i?2 #2;BMMBM; Q7 i?2 HBM2
M/ bvHH#H2b iQr`/b i?2 2M/X "mi ?2 HbQ //m+2b i?2 p2? Up2F BM
aMbF`BiV- K2i`2 mb2/ BM /2b+`BTiBp2 Tbb;2b Up`FbV BM `/?K;@
/?- SHB- M/ "m//?Bbi >v#`B/ aMbF`Bi, i?Bb K2i`2 +QMbBbib Q7 Mv 2p2M
MmK#2` Q7 ;bmbmHHv 7Qm` Q` 2B;?irBi? i?2 /Bz2`2MiBiBQM #2ir22M
Q// M/ 2p2M ;b +?`+i2`BbiB+ Q7 Qi?2` ;++?M/b K2i`2b- i?Qm;? BM
i?2 +b2 Q7 i?2 p2? Bi Bb i?2 Q// ;b r?B+? iF2 i?2 b?T2
i?2 Ki`+?M/b K2i`2b- i?2 ;++?M/b K2i`2b- M/ i?2
X hQ;2i?2`-
p2? +QMbiB@
imi2 p`B2iv Q7 TQTmH` K2i`B+H T`+iB+2 #b2/ QM i?2 +QKK2Mbm`#BHBiv
Q7
M/ - M/
BM; iQ /KBi
BM i?2 +b2 Q7 i?2 Hii2` irQ- QM ;bX LQ`KM Bb rBHH@
bQK2 .`pB/BM BM~m2M+2 7Q` i?Bb TQTmH` K2i`B+H T`+iB+2-
#mi ?Bb ++2TiM+2 Q7 i?2 C+Q#B@q`/2` i?2Q`v Q7 ?Qr i?2 ;++?M/b
K2i`2b /2p2HQT2/ rBi?BM PH/ M/ JB//H2 AM/B+ KQmMib iQ `2D2+iBQM Q7
>`ib URNd8V i?2Q`v i?i .`pB/BM K2i`2b r2`2 i?2B` /B`2+i M+2biQ`bX
JQbi BMi2`2biBM;Hv- ?2 bm;;2bib i?i i?2b2 TQTmH` K2i`2b r2`2 /2p2HQT2/
#v i`p2HHBM; 7QHF KmbB+BMb UkRyV BM M `2 #2ir22M J?`b?i` M/
J;/? r?Q #`Qm;?i i?2K iQ #Qi? `2bc bQK2 bm+? K2i`2b- HBF2 i?2 QH/
`v- M2p2` [mBi2 +m;?i QM- r?BH2 Qi?2`b- HBF2 i?2 +HbbB+H `v- #2+K2
2bT2+BHHv TQTmH` BM +2`iBM `2bX LQ`KM bm;;2bib i?i "m//?Bbib M/
CBMb /QTi2/ i?2b2 K2i`2b T`2+Bb2Hv #2+mb2 i?2v r2`2 TQTmH`X
kXRX9 6Q` MQr A rQmH/ HBF2 iQ 7Q+mb QM i?2 +?`+i2`BxiBQM Q7 i?2 ;@
++?M/b K2i`2b b TQTmH`X Ai b22Kb iQ /2T2M/ QM URV i?2 +?`+i2`BxiBQM
Q7 `KB+H `2HB;BQMb b TQTmH` BM QTTQbBiBQM iQ "`?KMB+H 2t+HmbBp@
Biv- bBM+2 ;++?M/b K2i`2b `2 `2bQM#Hv 7`2[m2Mi BM "m//?Bbi M/ CBM
i2tib #mi `2 +QKTH2i2Hv #b2Mi 7`QK o2/B+ i2tibc UkV i?2 +?`+i2`BxiBQM
Q7 S`F`Bi TQ2i`v- `2T`2b2Mi2/ #v i?2 aiib- b TQTmH`- bBM+2 BM i?Bb HBi@
2`im`2 ;++?M/b K2i`2b /QKBMi2c UjV i?2 MQiBQM i?i M2r T`QbQ/B+
+QM+2Ti- i?2 +QKK2Mbm`#BHBiv Q7 M/ - +M QMHv ?p2 #22M BMi`Q/m+2/
i?`Qm;? TQTmH` UBM i?2 b2Mb2 Q7 BM/B;2MQmb Q` MQM@AM/Q@`vMV 2H@
2K2MiX h?2`2 Bb MQi?BM; 2ti`2K2Hv T`Q#H2KiB+ BM +QK#BMBM; i?2b2 i?`22
jj3 M/`2r PHH2ii
b2Mb2b- #mi BM/BpB/mHHv i?2v `2 QT2M iQ /Qm#iX URV KB;?i #2 iQQ bBKTHBbiB+c
UkV /2T2M/b QM `2/BM; Q7 S`F`Bi TQ2i`v r?B+? /Q2b MQi +HH Bib TQTmH`
b2H7@T`2b2MiiBQM BMiQ [m2biBQM UBM Qi?2` rQ`/b- i?2`2 `2 TH2Miv Q7 `2bQMb
iQ /Qm#i i?i S`F`Bi TQ2i`v rb T`Q/m+2/ #v pBHH;2`b QM i?2 b?Q`2b Q7
i?2 :Q/p` `Bp2` r?Q r2`2 B;MQ`Mi Q7 aMbF`BiVc UjV Bb 7Hb2- BM Kv pB2r-
bBM+2 +QKK2Mbm`#BHBiv Kv r2HH ?p2 `Bb2M 7`QK rBi?BM AM/Q@`vM- M/
i?2 bBKBH`BiB2b #2ir22M i?2 ;++?M/b K2i`2b M/ hKBH K2i`2b bm+? b
i?2 p2T `2 KQbiHv bmT2`}+BH UPHH2ii kyRkVX
kXkXR PmibB/2 Q7 SHB M/ `/?K;/?- i?2 +HbbB+H ;++?M/b K2@
i`2b Q++m` BM "m//?Bbi >v#`B/ aMbF`Bi UaKBi? RN9N@RN8yV M/ BM MmK#2`
Q7 i2+?MB+H ;2M`2b BM aMbF`BiX8 h?2 2`HB2bi ;++?M/b p2`b2b BM aM@
bF`Bi `2 T`Q##Hv i?2 HQF@p`iiBFb- p2`b2b r?B+? +QKK2Mi QM i?2 bi`b
Q7 SBMB- i?i SiDHB +Bi2b M/ /Bb+mbb2b BM ?Bb ovF`@K?#?v
Uknd @Rst +X #+2VX P7 k9y p2`b2b- `QmM/ 9y `2 `vb- M/ QM2 M/ ?H7 `2
;iBb UEB2H?Q`M R33eVX h?2 7QHHQrBM; 2tKTH2 U/ /?vv RX9X8R F@
i?Bi +V Bb ivTB+H BM i?i Bi Bb 2bb2MiBHHv p2`bB}2/ +QKK2Mi`v `i?2`
i?M KM2KQMB+ p2`b2,
bm`/pBK//FF?(K)X X X e
ai`b R9@kR /2}M2 i?2 #bB+ 7Q`K Q7 i?2 `v- r?B+? +M #2 T`2b2Mi2/
b+?2KiB+HHv BM h#H2 R8Xj,
h#H2 R8Xj,
;, R k j 9 8 e d 3
HBM2 R,
HBM2 k,
jXkXk h?2 `v Bb i?2 /2`BpiBQMHHv #bB+ 7Q`KX h?2 Qi?2` K2i`2b- ?Qr@
2p2`- b?`2 i?2 2H2K2Mi ;iB BM i?2B` MK2bX q`/2` URNed, kyjV iQQF i?Bb iQ
K2M i?i i?2 ;iB rb i?2 Q`B;BMH K2i`2 7`QK r?B+? i?2 Qi?2`b 2pQHp2/-
M/ bBM+2 ?2 [mBi2 `2bQM#Hv b22b i?2 ;iB b +QMiBMmiBQM Q7 i?2 QH/
`v- i?Bb bii2K2Mi Bb #Q`M2 Qmi #v i?2 +?`QMQHQ;B+H T`2+2/2M+2 Q7 i?2 QH/
`v BM SHB M/ `/?K;/? i2tibX AM T`iBH ;`22K2Mi rBi? q`/2`- A
T`QTQb2 i?i i?2 SB;H i2`KBMQHQ;v /2p2HQT2/ BM b2p2`H bi;2bX AM i?2
}`bi bi;2- i?2 KQbi +QKKQM ;++?M/b K2i`2 rb #HM+2/ biMx
+QMbBbiBM; Q7 irQ HBM2b Q7 i?2 bK2 H2M;i?X i i?Bb bi;2 Bi Kii2`b HBiiH2
r?2i?2` r2 +HH i?Bb biMx M QH/ `v Q` ;iBX h?2v /Bz2` QMHv BM i?i
i?2 ;iB ?b #22M bm#D2+i iQ EiK2i`QMBbB2`mM;- +QKTH2i2 `2MHvbBb Q7
i?2 QH/ `vb TB+FmTb M/ +HQb2b BM i2`Kb Q7 ;b Q` T`ib Q7 ;bX3
*`m+BHHv- i?2 `2MHvbBb Bb +Q;MBiBp2, Bi `2~2+ib ?Qr p2`bB}2`b M/ i?2Q`Bbib
rQmH/ ?p2 i?Qm;?i #Qmi i?2 K2i`2X h?Bb K2Mb i?i Mv bvM+?`QMB+ +Hb@
bB}+iBQM rQmH/ ?p2 #22M #HBM/ iQ i?2 /BbiBM+iBQM #2ir22M i?2 QH/ `v M/
i?2 +HbbB+H ;iBX q?i /BbiBM+iBQMb KB;?i bvM+?`QMB+ +HbbB}+iBQM ?p2
+Tim`2/- i?2M\
jXkXj h?2 BM/BpB/mH K2i`2b i`2i2/ BM i?2 *?M/bi` /Bz2` BM i?2B`
biMxB+ bi`m+im`2c Mv +QK#BMiBQM Q7 HQM; HBM2b M/ b?Q`i HBM2b UBX2X- HBM2b
rBi? 7mHH bBti? ; M/ HBM2b rBi? bBM;H2@Ki` bBti? ;V Bb HB+2Mb2/X
AM i?2 T`2@+HbbB+H T2`BQ/- biMx Q7 irQ HQM; HBM2b UBX2X- M QH/ `vV Bb
KQbi +QKKQMc BM i?2 +HbbB+H T2`BQ/- HQM; }`bi M/ b?Q`i b2+QM/ HBM2
UM `vV Bb Qp2`r?2HKBM;Hv /QKBMMiX PM2 KB;?i bbmK2 M BMi2`K2/Bi2
bi;2 BM r?B+? HBM2b Q7 2Bi?2` ivT2 +QmH/ #2 7`22Hv +QK#BM2/ BMiQ biMxbX
A7 i?2 KQbi +QKKQM biMx@ivT2 rb +HH2/ i?2 ;iB- T`2}t2b KB;?i ?p2
3
h?2 i2`K EiK2i`QMBbB2`mM; Bb 7`QK "2`;b URNd3V /Bb+mbbBQM Q7 i?2 Q`B;BM Q7 i?2
:`22F /+ivHB+ ?2tK2i2`X
:++?M/b j9j
#22M M 2bv rv Q7 H#2HHBM; i?2 Qi?2` ivT2bX aT2+B}+HHv- i?2 T`2}t2b mb2/
BM i?2 SB;H i`/BiBQM `272` iQ i?2 TQbBiBQM Q7 i?2 b?Q`i HBM2BM m/;iB-
i?2 b?Q`i HBM2 Bb r?i Bb QM iQTM/ i?mb i?2 SB;H `v KB;?i ?p2
Q`B;BMHHv #22M +HH2/ bQK2i?BM; HBF2 i?2 p;iBX h?Bb b+2M`BQ rQmH/ Tmi
i?2 ;iB@MK2b BM i?2 9th Q` 8th +X #+2- bBM+2 i?2 `v Bb H`2/v /QKBMMi BM
i2tib Q7 i?2 jrd +X h?2 rQ`/ ;iB- r?B+? K2Mb bQM; Q` bBM;BM;- Bb T`Q##Hv
i?2 KQbi /B`2+iHv@bB;MB7vBM; MK2 BM i?2 SB;H i`/BiBQM- r?B+? KB;?i #2
MQi?2` `;mK2Mi BM 7pQ` Q7 M 2`Hv /i2 7Q` i?Bb MQK2M+Him`2X
jXkX9 i Hi2` bi;2- r?2M i?Bb p;iB ?/ #2+QK2 i?2 biM/`/ 7Q`K
Q7 i?2 ;++?M/b biMx- Bi rb 72Hi iQ #2 }t2/ 7Q`K `i?2` i?M
T`iB+mH` biMxB+ +QM};m`iBQM Q7 i?2 ;iBX M/ b }t2/ 7Q`K- Bi `2+2Bp2/
Bib QrM MK2X h?2 MK2 `vi?2 72KBMBM2 7Q`K Q7 i?2 rQ`/ 7Q` MQ#H2-
?2M+2 T`Q##Hv MQ#H2 H/v2pQF2b Hv`B+ TQ2i`v- HBF2 i?2 MK2b 7Q` KMv
Qi?2` MQM@o2/B+ K2i`2b `2Hi2/ BM i?2 *?M/bi`bX S`Q##Hv i?2 K2i`2
`2+2Bp2/ i?Bb MK2 `QmM/ i?2 bK2 iBK2 b i?2K- BX2X i i?2 iBK2 i?i i?2
/Bb+BTHBM2 Q7 K2i`B+b im`M2/ Bib ii2MiBQM iQ HmFBF HBi2`im`2X h?Bb Hm@
FBF im`M Q++m``2/ i H2bi b2p2`H ;2M2`iBQMb #27Q`2 SB;H- BM pB2r Q7
?Bb +BiiBQMb Q7 2`HB2` mi?Q`BiB2bX h?2 `v;iB Bb bT2+BH +b2X Ai /Bz2`b
7`QK i?2 Qi?2` K2i`2b BM ?pBM; +QKTH2i2 2B;?i? ;X lM/2` M MHvbBb
bBKBH` iQ i?i Q7 i?2 QH/ `v- i?Bb rQmH/ K2M i?i i?2 2p2M T/b ?/
M 2ti` ; BMbi2/ Q7 KQMQbvHH#B+ +HQb2X Ai b22Kb KQ`2 HBF2Hv i?i
i?2 `v;iB `Qb2 QMHv r?2M EiK2i`QMBbB2`mM; Q7 i?2 Qi?2` K2i`2b ?/
Q++m``2/- M/ i?mb r?2M i?2B` }MH bvHH#H2 rb MHvb2/ b ?H7@;X
AM Mv +b2- Bi 7HHb QmibB/2 Q7 i?2 QH/ ;iB@bvbi2K- M/ Dm/;BM; 7`QK Bib
Hi2` mb2 b M``iBp2 K2i`2 U2X;X BM i?2 a2im#M/?V- Bi- HBF2 i?2 `v-
iiBM2/ bQK2 TQTmH`Biv b }t2/ 7Q`KX q?2M i?Bb K2i`2 rb #`Qm;?i
mM/2` MHvbBbr?B+? KB;?i ?p2 #22M i i?2 bK2 iBK2 b i?2 `v Q`
7i2`r`/bBi `2+2Bp2/ MK2 r?B+? `2~2+i2/ Bib bBKBH`Biv iQ i?2 T`BK`v
K2i`2 Q7 i?2 7KBHv U`vVc i?2 ;iB@2H2K2Mi KB;?i +QK2 7`QK i?2 7+i i?i
#Qi? HBM2b Q7 i?2 `v;iB `2 2[mH- HBF2 i?2 ;iB- Q` bBKTHv 7`QK i?2 7+i
i?i i?2 MK2b Q7 i?2 Qi?2` K2i`2b Q7 i?2 7KBHv +QMiBM i?Bb 2H2K2MiX
jXkX8 SB;H i?mb FM2r K2i`2 +HH2/ i?2 `v M/ b2p2`H bBKBH`
K2i`2b rBi? MK2b #b2/ QM i?2 rQ`/ ;iBX >Bb *?M/bi`b i`2i i?2 `v
b /2`BpiBQMHHv #bB+ #2+mb2 #v ?Bb iBK2 Bi ?/ H`2/v #2+QK2 i?2 KQbi
+QKKQM ;++?M/b K2i`2- #mi T2`?Tb HbQ #2+mb2 Bi BM+Hm/2/ #Qi?
ivT2b Q7 HBM2b M/ i?2`27Q`2 K/2 i?2 /2`BpiBQM KQ`2 2+QMQKB+H, bi`iBM;
7`QK i?2 ;iB Q` mT;iB rQmH/ QMHv T`QpB/2 KQ/2H 7Q` HQM; Q` b?Q`i HBM2b-
`2bT2+iBp2Hv- M/ i?2 Qi?2` ivT2 rQmH/ ?p2 ?/ iQ #2 BMi`Q/m+2/ BM i?2
/Bb+mbbBQM Q7 MQi?2` 7Q`KX
jXkXe +?`+i2`BbiB+ 72im`2 Q7 SB;Hb MHvbBb Bb ?Bb mb2 Q7 K2i`B@
+H bm#p`B2iB2b, K2i`2 i?i }ib bi`m+im`H /2b+`BTiBQM KB;?i `2+2Bp2
j99 M/`2r PHH2ii
+2`iBM MK2- #mi Bi +M `2+2Bp2 Qi?2` MK2b B7 Bi }ib KQ`2 bT2+B}+ /2b+`BT@
iBQMbX h?2 ;++?M/b K2i`2b `2 M2+2bb`BHv 2Bi?2` Ti?v Q` pBTmH- M/
QTiBQMHHv 2Bi?2` KmF?+TH- D;?M+TH- Q` K?+THX SB;H HbQ
mb2b i?2 i2`Kb Ti?v- pBTmH- M/ +TH BM ?Bb /Bb+mbbBQM Q7 i?2 pFi` UBX2X-
i?2 Mmm#? HQFV- r?2`2 i?2v `272` iQ /Bz2`2Mi bvHH#B+ +QM};m`iBQMb i
i?2 2M/ Q7 2+? T/ U+7X ai2BM2` RNNeVX qBi? `272`2M+2 iQ i?2 ;++?M/b
K2i`2b- i?2 i2`Kb Ti?v M/ pBTmH `272` MQi iQ bvHH#B+ +QM};m`iBQMb #mi
iQ i?2 T`2b2M+2 M/ #b2M+2- `2bT2+iBp2Hv- Q7 rQ`/@#`2F 7i2` i?2 i?B`/
;X h?2 b2Mb2 Q7 i?2 i2`Kb- ?Qr2p2`- Bb i?2 bK2, i?2 Ti?v Bb i?2 MQ`@
KH 7Q`K- M/ i?2 pBTmH Bb M 2ti2MbBQM U/TiBM; i?2 i2`KBMQHQ;v Q7
>?M Tm/ ai2BM2` RNNe, kk3VX h?2b2 K2MBM;b `2 bm;;2bi2/ #v i?2 rQ`/b
i?2Kb2Hp2b M/ #v i?2 7+i i?i i?2 Ti?v 7Q`K /QKBMi2b BM HH i2tib
r?2`2 i?2 /BbiBM+iBQM Bb TQbbB#H2 UBX2X- 2t+Hm/BM; QH/ `vbVX h?2 B/2 i?i
7Q`K Kv /2pBi2 7`QK i?2 MQ`KH Tii2`M #mi biBHH #2 K2i`B+H Bb [mBi2
Q`B;BMH, A FMQr Q7 MQi?BM; bBKBH` BM i?2 :`2+Q@GiBM K2i`B+H i`/BiBQM-
#mi Bi #2`b bQK2 bBKBH`Biv iQ i?2 B/2 Q7 ;`/B2Mi K2i`B+HBiv BM KQ/2`M
biiBbiB+H M/ ;2M2`iBp2 K2i`B+b U2X;X >v2b kyRyVX AMi2`2biBM;Hv- SB;H
/Q2b MQi /BbiBM;mBb? #2ir22M p2`b2b i?i `2 pBTmH BM i?2B` }`bi- b2+QM/-
Q` #Qi? ?Hp2b- i?Qm;? >Hvm/? M/ Hi2` r`Bi2`b /QX h?2 7+i i?i SB@
;H `2Hi2b /Bz2`2Mi QTBMBQMb #Qmi i?2 TTHB+iBQM Q7 i?2 i2`K Ti?v BM
8XR8 ;m`Mi22b i?i i?2 mb2 Q7 i?2 i2`Kb Ti?v M/ pBTmH T`2/i2 ?BK-
Hi?Qm;? ?2 Kv ?p2 #22M i?2 }`bi iQ TTHv i?2K iQ i?2 `vX
jXkXd h?2 rQ`/BM; Q7 bi` 9Xkk rb Kii2` Q7 bQK2 +QMbi2`MiBQM, Bi
bvb i?i i?2 MK2 Ti?v TTHB2b r?2M i?2 }`bi i?`22 ;b +QMbiBimi2
T/X h?Bb KB;?i #2 iF2M iQ K2M i?i Ti?v p2`b2b ?p2 7Qm` T/b- r?BH2
pBTmH p2`b2b ?p2 QMHv irQ UbQ o2HMF` QM TX 98 Q7 ?Bb 2/BiBQM Q7 i?2 _iM@
KDVX h?Bb rQmH/ 2MiBH pBQHiBQM Q7 i?2 /2 7+iQ T`BM+BTH2 i?i T/@
bi`m+im`2 ?B2``+?B+HHv +?`+i2`Bx2b K2i`2b- Q` KQ`2 ++m`i2Hv 7KBHB2b
Q7 K2i`2b- bm+? i?i bm#p`B2iB2b Q7 K2i`2 BM?2`Bi i?2 T/@bi`m+im`2 Q7
i?i K2i`2X "mi i?Bb Bb T`2+Bb2Hv i?2 /2b+`BTiBp2 +`mt, >Qr +M r2 bbB;M
bi`m+im`2 iQ K2i`2 QM i?2 #bBb Q7 QM2 Q7 Bib bm#p`B2iB2b\ JBi` URN3N,
kN9@kN8V `;m2/ i?i aMbF`Bi K2i`B+H i2tib +QMbB/2`2/ i?2 `v irQ@T/
K2i`2- r?BH2 S`F`Bi i2tib +QMbB/2`2/ Bi 7Qm`@T/ K2i`2X A7 i?Bb r2`2 i`m2-
Bi rQmH/ K2M i?i aMbF`Bi i2tib B;MQ`2/ i?2 KDQ` #`2F Q7 i?2 Ti?v BM
Q`/2` iQ KF2 i?2B` /2}MBiBQM Q7 i?2 `v b BM+HmbBp2 b TQbbB#H2- M/ i?i
S`F`Bi i2tib iQQF i?2 KDQ` #`2F Q7 i?2 Ti?v iQ #2 `2T`2b2MiiBp2 Q7 i?2
`v BM ;2M2`HX "mi i?Bb /Q2b MQi b22K iQ #2 i?2 +b2X aQK2 S`F`Bi i2tib
Ui?2 *?M/FQ M/ i?2 EpB/`TV 2tTHB+BiHv K2MiBQM 7Qm` T/b- M/
HH /BpB/2 Bi BMiQ 7Qm` ;`QmTb Q7 Ki`b- #mi MQr?2`2 Bb i?2 `v 2tTHB+BiHv
/2b+`B#2/ b +QMbBbiBM; Q7 QMHv irQ T/bX Ai Bb Hrvb /2b+`B#2/ b +QMbBbiBM;
Q7 irQ T`ib Q` ?Hp2b U/H- `/?V- #mi i?2b2 mMBib +MMQi #2 2[mi2/
:++?M/b j98
rBi? T/b- bBM+2 2p2M i2tib r?B+? `2+Q;MBx2 7Qm` T/b biBHH `272` iQ i?2
irQ ?Hp2bX A bm#KBi i?i SB;H pB2r2/ i?2 `v- M/ ?2M+2 i?2 Qi?2`
;++?M/b K2i`2b- b +QMbBbiBM; Q7 7Qm` T/b BM ++Q`/M+2 rBi? *?@
M/bi` 9XRy T/ +im`#?; i?2 T/ Bb 7Qm`7QH/ /BpBbBQMX aBM+2
T/b `2 K`F2/ #v rQ`/@#`2Fb- bT2+B7vBM; T/@#QmM/`v i i?2 2M/
Q7 i?2 i?B`/ ; BM i?2 Ti?v p`B2iv ?b i?2 2z2+i Q7 }tBM; rQ`/@#`2F
BM i?i TQbBiBQM- r?B+? Bb r?v >Hvm/? / HQ+X bvb T/;`? vivm@
THF`i?K- i?2 rQ`/ T/ Bb mb2/ iQ BM/B+i2 rQ`/@#`2F UviBVX h?2
pBTmH Bb i?2M /2}M2/ b p2`b2 BM r?B+? T/@#QmM/`v /Q2b MQi +QBM+B/2
rBi? i?2 2M/ Q7 i?2 i?B`/ ;X AM Qi?2` rQ`/b- BM i?2 ;2M2`H b+?2K Q7 i?2
`v- i?2`2 r2`2 7Qm` T/bc i?2 #QmM/`B2b #2ir22M Q// M/ 2p2M T/b-
?Qr2p2`- r2`2 MQi }t2/X h?2 i2M/2M+v 7Q` bm+? #QmM/`v iQ Q++m` i i?2
2M/ Q7 i?2 i?B`/ ; rb 2tT`2bb2/ #v bT2+B7vBM; MQ`KiBp2 bm#p`B2iv
rBi? i?Bb T`QT2`ivX
jXkX3 h?Bb b+?2K BKTHB2b ~QiBM; T/@#QmM/`v BM i?2 pBTmH 7Q`KX
A7 r2 bi`i 7`QK i?2 bbmKTiBQM i?i T/@#QmM/`B2b `2 URV }t2/- UkV
K`F2/ #v rQ`/@#`2F- M/ UjV K`F2/ #v ?2pBM2bb Q7 i?2 T`2+2/BM; bvHH@
#H2 r?i2p2` i?2 r2B;?i bbB;M2/ #v i?2 ;2M2`H `mH2b Q7 bvHH#B}+iBQM- i?2
bi`m+im`H `iB+mHiBQMb Q7 i?2 `v ?`/Hv `2b2K#H2 T/b, i?2 Ti?v `v
pBQHi2b UjV- M/ i?2 pBTmH `v TQi2MiBHHv pBQHi2b URV M/ UkV BM //B@
iBQMX "mi i?2 T/@#QmM/`B2b Q7 i?2 QH/ `v 7mH}HH HH i?`22 `2[mB`2K2MibX
AM jXkXk i?2 /Bz2`2M+2 #2ir22M i?2 QH/ `v M/ +HbbB+H ;iB rb 7`K2/
BM i2`Kb Q7 ;@bi`m+im`2 HQM2c i?2 ;iB +QmH/ i?2`27Q`2 `2~2+i i?2 T/@
bi`m+im`2 Q7 i?2 QH/ `vX Hi2`MiBQM #2ir22M i?2 QH/ T/@bi`m+im`2 M/
i?2 Ti?v 7Q`K- M/ /B+?`QMB+ i2M/2M+v iQr`/b i?2 Hii2`- ?b #22M
MQi2/ BM SHB i2tib #v q`/2` URNed, kjkVX AM7Q`KHHv- QM2 KB;?i bv i?i
i?2 r2FHv@K`F2/ T/@bi`m+im`2 Q7 i?2 +HbbB+H `v Bb /m2 iQ i?2 7+i
i?i EiK2i`QMBbB2`mM;- i?2 BKTQbBiBQM Q7 ;@bi`m+im`2 i?`Qm;?Qmi i?2
HBM2- ?b K/2 i?2 HBM2 Ui?2 ?H7V KQ`2 bi`m+im`HHv bB;MB}+Mi mMBi i?M
i?2 T/X h?2`2 `2- ?Qr2p2`- BM/B+iBQMb i?i i?2 T/ `2KBM2/ bi`m+@
im`HHv bB;MB}+Mi- i H2bi BM i?2 2`HB2` ?BbiQ`v Q7 Bib HBi2``v /2THQvK2Mi
M/ Bib i?2Q`2iB+H /2b+`BTiBQMX
jXkXN ai` eXR /2}M2b viB b pB++?2/- #`2F- M/ Bi Bb +QKKQMHv
mM/2`biQQ/ b rQ`/@#`2F Q` +2bm`X "mi SQHHQ+F URNdd, 9jV MQi2/ i?i
SB;H /Q2b MQi mb2 i?2 i2`K viB i HH BM ?Bb /Bb+mbbBQM Q7 i?2 ;@
++?M/b M/ bm;;2bi2/ i?i- BM i?2 *?M/bi`b- viB BM T`i b2`p2b iQ
`iB+mHi2 bi`m+im`H mMBib bKHH2` i?M i?2 T/X SB;Hb pQB/M+2 Q7 i?2
i2`K U7QHHQr2/ #v i?2 _iMKD M/ Cv/2p- M/ Cv/2p #v E2/@
`#?V bm;;2bib i?i ?2 rb +QM+2`M2/ rBi? bi`m+im`H /2b+`BTiBQM Q7
i?2 ;++?M/b, 7Q` ?BK- i?2 Ti?v M/ pBTmH p`B2iB2b /Bz2`2/ T`BK`@
BHv rBi? `2bT2+i iQ i?2 HQ+iBQM Q7 i?2 T/@#QmM/`vc 7m`i?2`- ?2 T`Q##Hv
j9e M/`2r PHH2ii
rMi2/ iQ KBMiBM i?2 ;2M2`H /BbiBM+iBQM #2ir22M T/b M/ i?2 bKHH2`
mMBib `iB+mHi2/ #v viBX Pi?2` r`Bi2`b- 7Q` r?QK viB T`BK`BHv bB;MB}2/
rQ`/@#`2F- r2`2 +QMi2Mi iQ /2b+`B#2 i?2 Ti?v 7Q`K Q7 i?2 `v mbBM;
i?Bb i2`K, i?2b2 BM+Hm/2 "?`i- r?Qb2 TT`Q+? r2 ?p2 BM/2T2M/2Mi `2@
bQM iQ +QMbB/2` KQ`2 T`+iB+H M/ H2bb i?2Q`2iB+H i?M SB;Hb- b r2HH
b CvF`iB M/- T`Q##Hv 7QHHQrBM; ?BK- >2K+M/`X
jXkXRy MQi?2` `;mK2Mi BM 7pQ` Q7 b+`B#BM; bi`m+im`H bB;MB}+M+2 iQ
i?2 rQ`/@#`2F Q7 i?2 Ti?v 7Q`K `2pQHp2b `QmM/ C+Q#Bb Hr Q7 pBTmH
UC+Q#B R33eV,
q2MM /B2 *bm` pQ` /2K pB2`i2M 6mbb2 72?Hi- Kmbb /B2b2` 2BM
KT?B#`+?vb ( - P) Q/2` /2` ;H2B+?r2`i?B;2 S`Q+2H2mbKiB@
/2` 2`bi2M E`x2 ( - P) b2BMX
+mb KBi *bm` M+?
C+Q#B 7Q`KmHi2/ i?Bb Hr- r?B+? bB;MB}+MiHv `2bi`B+ib i?2 TQbbB#BHBiB2b Q7
rQ`/@#`2F M/ bvHH#B+ bi`m+im`2 BM pBTmH p2`b2b- 7Q` i?2 aiibX h?2
7+i i?i i?2 Hr Bb Q#b2`p2/ `2HiBp2Hv bi`B+iHv BM 2`HB2` i2tib M/ HQQb2Hv
BM Hi2` i2tib KB;?i #2 iF2M iQ bmTTQ`i C+Q#Bb QrM pB2r i?i i?2 Hr Bb
`2HB+ Q7 i?2 QH/ T/@bi`m+im`2XN h?2 T`Q#H2K rBi? i?Bb BMi2`T`2iiBQM Bb i?i
C+Q#Bb Hr /Q2b MQi +i2;Q`B+HHv `2[mB`2 rQ`/@#`2F BM i?2 7Qm`i? ;
Q7 pBTmH p2`b2bc Bi `2[mB`2b 2Bi?2`
M/
Hii2` Bb MQi M BM/B+iBQM Q7 T/@bi`m+im`2
- M/ i?2 rQ`/@#`2F Q7 i?2
#mi 72im`2 r?B+? KF2b i?2
irQ 7Q`Kb `?vi?KB+HHv 2[mBpH2MiX C+Q#Bb Hr Bb i?2`27Q`2 #2bi +QMbB/2`2/
b `?vi?KB+ HrX "mi Bib +QM/BiBQMBM; 7+iQ`b Kmbi #2 bi`m+im`H `i?2`
i?M `?vi?KB+, rQ`/@#`2F Kv #2 `?vi?KB+ 72im`2- #mi #b2M+2 i?2`2Q7
?`/Hv Bbc HbQ- Bi Bb mMB[m2Hv i?2 #b2M+2 Q7 rQ`/@#`2F 7i2` i?2 i?B`/ ;
i?i i`B;;2`b i?2 Hr- MQi 7i2` i?2 }`biX U#b2M+2 Q7 rQ`/@#`2F 7i2` i?2
}7i? ; Bb MQi T`Q#iBp2- bBM+2 i?2 bBti? ; Kmbi ?p2 i?2 7Q`K Q`
MvrvXV h?mb C+Q#Bb Hr ;2M2`HHv bmTTQ`ib SB;Hb pB2r i?i i?2
h#H2 R8X9,
h#H2 R8X8,
jXkXRj *TT2HH2` rb +Q``2+i BM bbB;MBM; i?2 +TH 7Q`Kb bi`m+im`H
7mM+iBQM- #mi A i?BMF i?i Bib 7mM+iBQM rb MQi 2t+iHv /2`BpiBQMH i2K@
THi2 QM i?2 :`2+Q@GiBM KQ/2HX T`BM+BTH2 Q7 `?vi?KB+ Hi2`MiBQM Bb 2M@
7Q`+2/ BM i?2 2t+HmbBQM Q7 bvM+QTi2/ `?vi?Kb 7`QK i?2 Q// ;bX "mi M
mMbvM+QTi2/ `?vi?K BM i?2 2p2M ;b /Q2b MQi KF2 p2`b2 mMK2i`B+H
U2t+2Ti BM i?2 bBti? ;- M/ BM i?2 7Qm`i? ; Q7 pBTmH p2`b2b- #v C@
+Q#Bb HrV, /2}MBiBQM r?B+? K2`2Hv 2t+Hm/2/ bvM+QTi2/ `?vi?Kb 7`QK
Ry
q`/2` URNed, ky9V HbQ b22Kb iQ ?p2 KBbmM/2`biQQ/ i?2 /2}MBiBQM Q7 +TH b
K2`2Hv ?pBM; BM i?2 b2+QM/ M/ 7Qm`i? ;b- M/ ?2M+2 /Q2b MQi /Bb+mbb +TH
7Q`Kb BM SHBX
j93 M/`2r PHH2ii
Q// ;b rQmH/ #2 bm`7+2@i`m2- #mi Bi rQmH/ H2p2 mMbii2/ i?2 T`BM+BTH2
Q7 Hi2`MiBQM r?B+? KQiBpi2b i?Bb p2`v 2t+HmbBQMX h?i Bb r?v i?2 +TH
7Q`Kb `2 BMi`Q/m+2/, BM i?2b2 B/2H Tii2`Mb- i?2 Hi2`MiBQM #2ir22M mM@
bvM+QTi2/ M/ bvM+QTi2/ `?vi?Kb BM i?2 Q// M/ 2p2M ;b Bb K/2
2tTHB+Bi #v b2iiBM; i?2 2p2M ;b b
M/ ~MFBM; i?2K rBi? ?2pv bvH@
H#H2bX AM 2K#Q/vBM; i?Bb Hi2`MiBQM- i?2 +TH 7Q`Kb `;m#Hv BM/B+i2
/BbiBM+i K2i`B+H +QMbiBim2Mi- +QKTQb2/ Q7 M Q// M/ 2p2M ; BM b2@
[m2M+2- r?B+? Bb i?2 /QKBM Q7 `?vi?KB+ Hi2`MiBQMX UhrQ Qi?2` TB2+2b Q7
2pB/2M+2 7Q` M r`2M2bb Q7 bm+? +QMbiBim2Mi +M #2 7QmM/, i?2 }`bi Bb BM
i?2 EpB/`T@F- Q7 r?B+? p2`b2 8- QM EpB/`T kX3- /BbiBM;mBb?2b
7Qm` bm#p`B2iB2b Q7 ;i? MK2/ ;?- ;?;?- /`;?- M/ b@
`H;?- r?B+? `2 +QKTQb2/ Q7 i?2 mMBib - - - M/
`2bT2+iBp2Hvc i?2 b2+QM/ `2 i?2 2ti2MbBQMb iQ i?2 ;i? /Bb+mbb2/
r?B+? 2ti2M/ i?2 }`bi HBM2 #v M Q// 7QHHQr2/ #v M 2p2M ;XV
BM jXdXe-
h?2 MK2b Q7 i?2 7Q`Kb ?p2 M 2`QiB+ /Qm#H2@K2MBM; UKmF?+TH Bb
#Qi? KQ/mHiBM; BM i?2 7`QMi M/ iHFiBp2c D;?M+TH #Qi? KQ/m@
HiBM; BM i?2 #+F M/ rBi? brvBM; ?BTbV- r?B+? bm;;2bi i?2v- HBF2 i?2
MK2 `v- +QK2 7`QK M MHvbBb 7Q` r?B+? Hv`B+ TQ2i`v rb i?2 T`BK`v
i`;2i@i2tiX Ai Bb Km+? H2bb +H2` r?v SB;H /BbiBM;mBb?2b i?`22 ivT2b Q7
+TH B7 i?2b2 7Q`Kb QMHv 2tBbi2/ iQ BKTHv +2`iBM bi`m+im`H /2iBHb #Qmi
i?2 K2i`2X
jXkXR9 h?2 Hbi BKTQ`iMi T`i Q7 SB;Hb MHvbBb Bb ?Bb bT2+B}+iBQM
Q7 TH+2b BM i?2 p2`b2 r?2`2 rQ`/ Kmbi #2;BM- +QM/BiBQMH mTQM +2`iBM
bvHH#B+ +QM};m`iBQMbX h?2b2 `2 Qbi2MbB#Hv rQ`/@#`2F `mH2b U?2M+2 i?2v
`2 +HH2/ viB BM *?M/Q`iMF` 8X9V- #mi #2+mb2 i?2v /2T2M/ QM +2`iBM
bvHH#B+ +QM};m`iBQMb- i?2v ?p2 bQK2r?i Q7 /Bz2`2Mi biimb i?M mM@
+QM/BiBQMHHv Q#HB;iQ`v rQ`/@#`2Fb Q` 2p2M i?2 KDQ` rQ`/@#`2F Q7 i?2
Ti?vc ?2M+2 Bi Bb MQi bm`T`Bb2 i?i SB;H /Q2b MQi mb2 i?2 i2`K viB
7Q` i?2KX *TT2HH2` `272``2/ iQ i?2K b L2#2M+bm`2M- ;BM QM i?2 KQ/2H
Q7 :`2+Q@GiBM K2i`B+bX h?2B` Tm`TQb2- BM7Q`KHHv bii2/- b22Kb iQ #2 i?2
KBMi2MM+2 Q7 i?2 ;b `?vi?KB+ [mHBiB2bX b2[m2M+2 Q7 HB;?i bvHH#H2b
Bb ;2M2`HHv `?vi?KB+HHv K#B;mQmb, KB;?i #2 T`b2/ b U V Q` b
U VU Vc i?2 }`bi T`b2 Bb `?vi?KB+HHv 2[mBpH2Mi iQ
- M/ i?2 b2+QM/ iQ
XqQ`/@#`2F- ?Qr2p2`- +M /2+B/2 BM 7pQ` Q7 QM2 Q` i?2 Qi?2` T`b2X
h?mb
r?2`2 bvM+QTi2/ `?vi?K Bb bi`m+im`HHv `2[mB`2/ UBX2X BM i?2 bBti?
;V-
Kmbi ?p2 rQ`/@#`2F 7i2` i?2 }`bi HB;?i bvHH#H2 BM Q`/2`
iQ `mH2 Qmi i?2 T`b2 U VU VX h?2 T`b2 U VU V b22Kb iQ ?p2 #22M i?2
/27mHi T`b2 7Q` i?2 b2[m2M+2
- r?B+? 2tTHBMb r?v i?2 bbBbiM+2 Q7
rQ`/@#`2F #27Q`2 i?2 }`bi HB;?i bvHH#H2 Bb QMHv `2[mB`2/ BM irQ HQ+iBQMb,
BM i?2 b2p2Mi? ; Q7 i?2 }`bi HBM2 M/ i?2 }7i? ; Q7 i?2 b2+QM/ UBX2X-
T`2+Bb2Hv i?Qb2 HQ+iBQMb r?2`2 i?2 7QHHQrBM; bvHH#H2 /Q2b MQi #2HQM; iQ
:++?M/b j9N
+QKTH2i2 ; M/ i?2`27Q`2 KB;?i z2+i i?2 T`b2 Q7 i?2 T`2+2/BM; HB;?i
bvHH#H2bVX a22 PHH2ii UkyRkV 7Q` /2iBH2/ MHvbBb Q7 i?2b2 Tii2`MbX
jXkXR8 SQ2ib ?/ Qi?2` rvb Q7 2M7Q`+BM; +2`iBM `?vi?Kb U2X;X- #v T`Q@
b+`B#BM; rQ`/@#`2F BM +2`iBM TQbBiBQMbV- #mi i?2b2 r2Mi mMMQiB+2/ BM i?2
K2i`B+H i`/BiBQMX h?2 B/2MiB}+iBQM Q7 i?2b2 L2#2M+bm`2M- ?Qr2p2`- Bb
`2K`F#H2 M/ mMB[m2 USQHHQ+F RNdd, eR 2p2M +HBK2/ i?i AM/BM K2i`Bbib
?/ MQi MQiB+2/ Mv L2#2M+bm`2MVX hrQ TQBMib #Qmi i?2B` TQbBiBQM BM
i?2 K2i`B+H /Bb+Qm`b2 Kmbi #2 K/2, URV i?2v `2 /Bb+mbb2/ BM HH aM@
bF`Bi K2i`B+H i2tib U2t+Hm/BM; i?Qb2 r?Qb2 /Bb+mbbBQM Q7 i?2 ;++?M/b
Bb Q#pBQmbHv #b2/ QM S`F`Bi i2tib- bm+? b i?2 o#? M/ T`2bmK@
#Hv i?2 *?M/2F?`V- #mi MQ S`F`Bi K2i`B+H i2tibc UkV i?2v Qm;?i
iQ ?p2 #22M T`2b2Mi BM i?2 i`;2i@i2tiX T`2HBKBM`v bm`p2v Q7 i?2 HBi2`@
im`2 b?Qrb i?i i?2 b2p2Mi? ; HKQbi M2p2` +QMbBbib 2MiB`2Hv Q7 HB;?i
bvHH#H2b BM KQbi 2`Hv i2tib UL;`DmM- p`F- EHB/b- "?b- i?2
aiib V- #mi BM i?2 `vbTii bm+? Tii2`M Bb `Qm;?Hv b +QKKQM BM
i?2 b2p2Mi? b Bi Bb BM i?2 Qi?2` Q// ;bX h?2 `mH2b Q7 i?2 *?M/bi`b
b22K iQ T`2bmTTQb2 T`+iB+2 BM r?B+? b2p2Mi? ;b +QmH/ +QMbBbi Q7 7Qm`
HB;?i bvHH#H2b- #mi MQ +QMi2KTQ``v i2ti b22Kb iQ }i i?Bb /2b+`BTiBQMX
jXj Pi?2` i2tib Q7 i?2 aMbF`Bi K2i`B+H i`/BiBQM T`2b2Mi i?2 bK2 MH@
vbBb Q7 i?2 ;++?M/b K2i`2b b SB;H BM +QMi2Mic i?2 7Q`K Q7 i?2 MH@
vbBb- Q7 +Qm`b2- /Bz2`b UBM+Hm/BM; Bib T`2b2MiiBQM BM bi`b Q` HQFb- i?2
+?QB+2 Q7 i2`KBMQHQ;v M/ bvK#QHb- 2i+XVX h?2 KBM 2t+2TiBQM Bb i?2 CM@
`vX h?Bb rQ`F T`2b2Mib i?2 `v- ;iB M/ `v;iB- #mi Bi +HHb i?2 mT;iB
i?2 pKMBF U8XjNV- /2}M2b i?2 /?`mp b ;iB rBi? rQ`/@#`2F 7i2` i?2
7Qm`i? ; U8X9RV- M/ //b ;iBF U8X9kV- r?B+? Bb ;iB rBi? Q`
BM Bib b2p2Mi? ;X 7i2` i?Bb- Bi /2}M2b MmK#2` Q7 Qi?2` K2i`2b r?B+?
`2 +m``2Mi KQM; i?2 T2QTH2 U8X98 HQF2 T`+`MivV, i?Qm;? #b2/ QM
;b- i?2b2 `2 /Bz2`2Mi 7`QK i?2 `v@ivT2 K2i`2b- #mi bBKBH` iQ S`F`Bi
M/ T#?` K2i`2bX h?2 mi?Q` Q7 i?2 CM`v 2pB/2MiHv rMi2/ iQ
mT/i2 M/ 2ti2M/ i?2 ;++?M/b KQ/mH2 #v BM+Q`TQ`iBM; bQK2 TQTmH`
MK2b M/ p`BMibX h?2 bQm`+2b QM r?B+? ?2 /`2r- ?Qr2p2`- /Q MQi b22K
iQ #2HQM; iQ i?2 S`F`Bi i`/BiBQM /Bb+mbb2/ #2HQrc i?Bb i`/BiBQM FMQrb i?2
;iBF- #mi /Q2b MQi +HH i?2 mT;iB i?2 pKMBFX
jX9 _iMKD kXRe- r?B+? TT2`b iQ HbQ 2ti2M/ i?2 ;++?M/b
KQ/mH2 #v BM+Hm/BM; i?2 ;HiBF K2i`2- Bb M BMi2`TQHiBQM Uh`BTi?B RNdd,
jXjVX h?2 i2ti- ?Qr2p2`- Bb ;QQ/ 2tKTH2 Q7 i?2 KQ/mH`Biv Q7 AM/BM
K2i`B+b- bBM+2 Bi /`rb 2tKTH2@p2`b2b 7`QK M 2`HB2` i2ti Ui?2 hm`7M *?@
M/QpB+BiB- r?B+? h`BTi?B RNdd ?b +HH2/ i?2 aKm/`BF@+?M/QpB+BiBV #mi
QMHv 7Q` +2`iBM FBM/b Q7 K2i`2bX Aib CBM mi?Q` TT`2MiHv +QKTQb2/ ?Bb
QrM 2tKTH2b 7Q` i?2 ;++?M/b K2i`2bX o2`b2b 7`QK i?2 aKm/`BF@
j8y M/`2r PHH2ii
+?M/QpB+BiB- ?Qr2p2`- ?p2 7QmM/ i?2B` rv BMiQ i?2 Lvbi`b b2+iBQM
QM i?2 ;++?M/bX
jX8XR h?2 Lvbi`b i2ti Bb 7KQmbHv DmK#H2/ M/ +Q``mTi- M/ i?2
b2+iBQM QM K2i`2 Bb MQ 2t+2TiBQMX aBM+2 Bi H`;2Hv 7QHHQrb i?2 SB;H MH@
vbBb Q7 i?2 ;++?M/b- Bi rQmH/ MQi K2`Bi /Bb+mbbBQM ?2`2 i HH- #mi
b+?QH`b ?p2 /`rM /Bz2`2Mi +QM+HmbBQMb #Qmi Bib TQbBiBQM BM i?2 K2i`B+H
/Bb+Qm`b2- r?B+? BM im`M #2` QM i?2 ?BbiQ`v Q7 i?2 ;++?M/b KQ/@
mH2X C+Q#B URNjjV +QM+Hm/2/ i?i "?`ib MHvbBb Kmbi #2 KQ`2 `2+2Mi
i?M SB;Hb- #2+mb2 "?`i mb2b i?2 i`BF@bvK#QHb r?B+? SB;H Bb
bmTTQb2/ iQ ?p2 BMp2Mi2/X "mi "?`i Kv ?p2 mb2/ SB;H 7Q` bQK2
b2+iBQMb- M/ +Bi2/ Qi?2`- TQbbB#Hv QH/2` mi?Q`BiB2b 7Q` Qi?2` b2+iBQMbX 6m`@
i?2`- #?BMp;mTi bm;;2bib i?i i?2 i`BF@bvK#QHb ?p2 #22M BMi`Q/m+2/
BMiQ i?2 Lvbi` b2+QM/`BHvXRR h?2 ;++?M/b b2+iBQM ?b #22M bmb@
T2+i2/ Q7 #2BM; M BMi2`TQHiBQM- 2Bi?2` BM r?QH2 U:?Qb?V Q` BM T`i UEpBV-
T`BK`BHv QM i?2 ;`QmM/b i?i i?2 /2iBHb ;Bp2M i?2`2BM `2 B``2H2pMi- BM
p`vBM; /2;`22b- iQ i?2 +QKTQbBiBQM Q7 p2`b2b 7Q` THvbX h?2 2tKTH2@p2`b2b
`2 HbQ #b2Mi BM bQK2 KMmb+`BTib U2X;X i?2 QM2 7`QK r?B+? _2;Mm/ T`2@
T`2/ ?Bb 2/BiBQM Q7 i?2 K2i`B+H TQ`iBQMb Q7 i?2 Lvbi` BM R33yVX "mi
a+?HBM;HQz URN83V ?b `;m2/ i?i "?`i `2HB2/ QM i?2 aKm/`BF@+?M@
/QpB+BiB 7Q` #Qi? Bib Q`;MBxiBQM M/ 7Q` Bib 2tKTH2@p2`b2b- r?B+? BM/B+i2
i?2 MK2 Q7 i?2 K2i`2 #v rv Q7 Km/`HF`X
jX8Xk 7i2` "?`i bvb UR8XRNj@RN9VRk i?i +2`iBM K2i`2b `2 QMHv iQ
#2 mb2/ BM bQM;b- ?2 T`QTQb2b UR8XRN8@RNdV iQ /Bb+mbb i?2 `vb U`272``BM;
iQ i?2 `v M/ Bib bm#p`B2iB2b- MQi iQ i?2 Qi?2` ;++?M/b K2i`2bVX
"mi i?2 7QHHQrBM; /Bb+mbbBQM Bb bQK2r?i Q7 K2bbX Ai bi`ib rBi?Qmi
+H2` /2}MBiBQM Q7 i?2 `vc ?H7@p2`b2b `2 `2``M;2/ M/ `2T2i2/c p2`b2b
7`QK T`Q##Hv@BMi2`TQHi2/ b2+iBQM Q7 T`bi` BMi2``mTi i?2 2tTQbBiBQMc
BM7Q`KiBQM Bb `2T2i2/ BM /Bz2`2Mi rQ`/bX q?i Bb +H2` Bb i?i i?Bb /Bb@
+mbbBQM +QMiBMb URV i?2 `mH2b Q7 SB;H- 2tT`2bb2/ BM i?2 7Q`K Q7 HQFb-
`2;`/BM; i?2 `v- M/ UkV 2tKTH2@p2`b2b bBKBH` iQ i?Qb2 7QmM/ BM i?2
hm`7M i2tiXRj G2bb HBF2Hv iQ #2 Q`B;BMH `2 UjV `mH2 2tT`2bb2/ BM `v
UkRkV- r?B+? Bb `2/mM/Mi rBi? HQF@`mH2 UkkyV- M/ U9V `mH2b `2;`/BM;
RR
ii`2?/?vv2 #?`iKmMBFiK BiB i`BFB` KF`/B#?B` FB+Bi FB+BHHF bp@
FiK BiB /pBpB/? UTmbiFVT?Q /vi2 % K/?v2 + +BMiMv U+B`MiM2m EM2
RNeRV TmbiF2#?vK TB T?vi BiB AM i?Bb +?Ti2`- i?2 `2/BM;b Q7 i?2 i2ti `2
/BpB/2/ BM irQ, QM2 T`i r`Bii2M #v "?`i- M/ +2`iBM K2i?Q/ Q7 /2}MBiBQM rBi?
i`BF@bB;Mb bm+? b K i?i ?b #22M BMi2`TQHi2/c KQM; i?2K- #Qi? `2 `2/ BM i?2 KQbi
M+B2Mi i2tibX
Rk
A 7QHHQr i?2 MmK2`iBQM Q7 EpB- r?Q 2/Bib aQmi?2`M `2+2MbBQMc i?2 R8th /?vv
BM i?Bb `2+2MbBQM +Q``2bTQM/b iQ i?2 Reth BM i?2 LQ`i?2`M `2+2MbBQMX
Rj
AMi2`2biBM;Hv i?2 Lvbi`b 2tKTH2@p2`b2 i R8XkRe H+Fb i?2 `272`2M+2 iQ
KQMbi2`v UpB?`V BM p2`b2 e Q7 i?2 hm`7M i2tiX
:++?M/b j8R
Cmbi b aim`M ?b i?2 bK2 2z2+ib b i?2 amM- M/ J2`+m`v
7QHHQrb i i?2 rBHH UQ7 Bib +QTHM2iV- bQ i?2 `v;iB U7QHHQrbV
i?2 bFM/?F- i?2 K;/? U7QHHQrbV i?2 pBiHv- i?2 ;i?
U7QHHQrbV i?2 `vX
j8k M/`2r PHH2ii
h?2 T`HH2HBbK Bb bvbi2KiB+- BX2X Bi TTHB2b MQi iQ QM2 Q` irQ K2i`2b- #mi
i?`Qm;?Qmi i?2 ;++?M/b KQ/mH2X h?2 MK2b ;Bp2M 7Q` i?2 BM/BpB/mH
K2i`2b `2 ;Bp2M #2HQr Uh#H2 R8XeV BM aMbF`Bi 7Q`K U2t+Hm/BM; i?2 CM@
`v- /Bb+mbb2/ BM jXjVX
h?2 SB;H MQK2M+Him`2 rb /Bb+mbb2/ BM jXkXk@9X h?2 MQK2M+Him`2 BM
S`F`Bi i2tib T`2b2Mib bQK2 p`B2iv- #mi Q7 i`MbT`2Mi FBM/, 2+? i2ti
`2Hi2b bQK2 Q7 i?2 SB;H MK2b- #b2/ QM i?2 rQ`/ ;iB- M/ bQK2
MQM@SB;H MK2b- #b2/ QM i?2 rQ`/ ;i? U2t+2Ti 7Q` i?2 bFM/?FVX
h?2 2t+2TiBQM Bb LM/Bi?vb :i?HF- r?B+? QMHv `2Hi2b i?2 MQM@
SB;H MK2bX h?2 KQbi HBF2Hv 2tTHMiBQM Bb i?i LM/Bi?v `2Hi2b
i?2 Q`B;BMH S`F`Bi MK2b- r?B+? Qi?2` mi?Q`b ?p2 +?M;2/ BM p`vBM; /2@
;`22b mM/2` BM~m2M+2 7`QK i?2 SB;H i`/BiBQM- KQpBM; 7`QK `B;?i iQ H27i
QM i?2 i#H2X h?Bb rQmH/ 2MiBH ;BpBM; LM/Bi?v T`BQ`Biv BM i?2 S`F`Bi
/Bb+Qm`b2- BM iBK2- BM BM~m2M+2- M/ BM BM/2T2M/2M+2 7`QK i?2 aMbF`Bi /Bb@
+Qm`b2X h?2`2 `2 b2p2`H `2bQMb 7Q` ;`MiBM; ?BK i?Bb T`BQ`Biv MvrvX URV
lMHBF2 oB`?F M/ i?2 S`FiTB;H- LM/Bi?v /Q2b MQi TT2H iQ
i?2 mi?Q`Biv Q7 SB;HX UkV LM/Bi?vb +QM+2`M rb bT2+B}+HHv rBi?
i?2 S`F`Bi /Bb+Qm`b2- b BM/B+i2/ #v ?Bb K2MiBQM Q7 TBvFpp BM p2`b2
k M/ ?Bb +QMi2KTi Q7 T#?` BM p2`b2 jRX UjV LM/Bi?v /Bb+mbb2b
QMHv i?2 ;i? M/ Bib p`B2iB2b- r?B+?- b MQi2/ BM kXkXj- Bb i?2 S`F`Bi K2i`2
T` 2t+2HH2M+2 M/ i?2 KQbi +QKKQM K2i`2 Q7 CBM i2tibX U9V LM/Bi?v
Bb [mQi2/ BM MmK#2` Q7 Qi?2` rQ`Fb- bm+? b >2K+M/`b *?M/QMmb@
M- i?2 S`FiTB;H- M/ 2p2M i?2 Lvbi`X LM/Bi?vb CBMBbK-
2pB/2Mi BM ?Bb K;H+` M/ 2tKTH2@p2`b2b- KB;?i +QMbiBimi2 MQi?2`
`2bQM 7Q` ?Bb MQM@2M;;2K2Mi rBi? i?2 aMbF`Bi K2i`B+H /Bb+Qm`b2- #mi
QMHv B7 ?2 HBp2/ i iBK2 r?2M i?Bb /Bb+Qm`b2 rb biBHH H`;2Hv "`?KM@
B+H- BX2X #27Q`2 Cv/2p M/ i?2 _iMKD 2bi#HBb?2/ i?2 CBMb b
KDQ` +QMi`B#miQ`b iQ i?2 aMbF`Bi K2i`B+H /Bb+Qm`b2X A7 bm+? Bb i?2 +b2-
LM/Bi?v KB;?i ?p2 r`Bii2M `QmM/ i?2 8th +X +2X
jXdXk LM/Bi?v- ?Qr2p2`- HKQbi +2`iBMHv /B/ MQi BMp2Mi i?2 S`F`Bi
MK2b 7Q` i?2 K2i`2bX :i?- r?B+? HBF2 ;iB /2`Bp2b 7`QK i?2 `QQi ;B
bBM;- Bb ;2M2`B+ i2`K 7Q` p2`b2 Q` +QKTQbBiBQM BM p2`b2c i?2 *?M/@
bi`b UBM bi` i?i Bb- ?Qr2p2`- +2`iBMHv Hi2` i?M SB;H, +7X q2#2`
R3ejV `272` iQ Mv K2i`2 MQi /2}M2/ BM i?2 i2ti b ;i? U3XR i`MmF@
i ;i?VX Aib p2biM +Q;Mi2 ; `272`b iQ i?2 K2i`B+H +QKTQbBiBQMb
Q7 w`i?mb?i`c BM i?2 Hi2` o2/B+ T2`BQ/ ;i? `272`b iQ p2`b2b UKQbiHv
HQFbV r?B+? `2 MQi {HBi2/ rBi? T`iB+mH` o2/B+ i2ti U>Q`b+? RNeeVc
BM SHB ;i? `272`b iQ i?2 bQM;bbQK2 BM i?2 QH/ `v Q` `v K2i`2Q7
"m//?Bbi KQMFb M/ MmMbc BM S`F`Bi ;i? `272`b iQ p2`b2b BM i?Bb K2i`2
bm+? b i?Qb2 Q7 i?2 aiib UHbQ- M/ T`Q##Hv Q`B;BMHHv- FMQrM b i?2
:++?M/b
h#H2 R8Xe,
EpB/`T-
CvF`iB- oB`?F- _iM2F?`-
Ki`b SB;H 2i HX >2K+M/` apvK#? .KQ/`KB` S`FiTB;H LM/Bi?v
kd Y kd mT;iB mT;iB mT;iB mT;iB U.V ;i?
kd Y jy m/;iB m/;iB pB;i? pB;i? pB;i?
jy Y kd `v ;i? ;i?- `v ;i? ;i? ;i?
jy Y jy ;iB ;iB ;iB ;iB m/;i? m/;i?
jy Y jk ;?BM ;?BM ;?BM
jk Y jy bB?BM U.V bB?BM
jk Y jk `v;iB bFM/?UFV bFM/?F bFM/?F bFM/?F bFM/?F
kN Y kN mTbFM/?F
kN Y jk mibFM/?F
jk Y kN pbFM/?F
j8j
j89 M/`2r PHH2ii
:?FQb, +7X JB`b?B RNeyVc Bib hKBH p2`bBQM- FiB- `272`b iQ TQ2iB+
+QKTQbBiBQM Q` +?Ti2` Q7 HQM;2` +QKTQbBiBQMXR9 h?2 mb2 Q7 i?2 rQ`/
;i? b i?2 MK2 Q7 T`iB+mH` K2i`2 Bb T`Q##Hv /m2 iQ b2KMiB+
/2p2HQTK2Mi Q7 p2`b2 = p2`b2@7Q`KX h?Bb /2p2HQTK2Mi HKQbi +2`iBMHv
iQQF TH+2 BM S`F`Bi /Bb+Qm`b2- #mi 7m`i?2` bT2+B}+Biv Bb TQbbB#H2X oB@
`?F `272`b UkX3@NV iQ "?m?Bp U"?mD;/?BTV- aH? Uaip?@
MV- M/ "m?F Uo//?FpB Q` >`Bp//?V b K2i`B+H mi?Q`BiB2bXR8
aip?MHbQ +Bi2/ b M mi?Q`Biv QM S`F`Bi H2tB+Q;`T?v BM >2K@
+M/`b .2MKKHBb T`Q##Hv B/2MiB+H rBi? i?2 2/BiQ` Q7 i?2 a@
iib- mM/2` i?2 #B`m/ Q` MQK@/2@THmK2 Q7 >HX h?2 7+i i?i M2`Hv
HH Q7 i?2 p2`b2b BM i?2 aiib `2 ;i?b BKTHB2b i?i i?2 2/BiQ` ?/
K2i`B+H +`Bi2`B 7Q` BM+HmbBQMXRe A7 ?2 +M #2 +`2/Bi2/ rBi? 2bi#HBb?BM;
S`F`Bi K2i`B+H /Bb+Qm`b2- ?Bb }`bi ibF rQmH/ ?p2 #22M i?2 MKBM; M/
/2b+`BTiBQM Q7 i?2 T`BK`v S`F`Bi K2i`2X h?2 i2`K bFM/?F Bb bQK2r?i
KQ`2 /B{+mHi iQ 2tTHBMX Aib K2MBM; U;;`2;i2- ;`QmTBM;V }ib rBi? Bib
mb2 b FBM/ Q7 +QKTQbBiBQM BM S`F`BiM``iBp2 TQ2Kb bm+? b i?2 a2im@
#M/?7`QK r?B+? b2KMiB+ b?B7i bBKBH` iQ i?2 QM2 TQbBi2/ 7Q` i?2 ;i?
Bb TQbbB#H2 U+QKTQbBiBQM = +QKTQbBiBQMH 7Q`KVXRd Ai b22Kb iQ ?p2
#22M KQ`2 BKTQ`iMi BM i?2 S`F`Bi MHvbBb i?M i?2 `v;iB rb BM i?2
SB;H MHvbBb- bBM+2 oB`?F /2pQi2b `Qm;?Hv 2[mH ii2MiBQM iQ i?2
;i? M/ bFM/?F- M/ bBM+2 apvK#? mMB[m2Hv i`2ib i?2 bFM/?F
b i?2 /2`BpiBQMHHv #bB+ K2i`2X
jXdXj JBi` URN3N, kN8V MQi2/ i?i aMbF`Bi i2tib /2}M2 i?2 K2i`2 }`bi
BM i2`Kb Q7 ;b- r?BH2 S`F`Bi i2tib i2M/ iQ bT2+B7v i?2 MmK#2` Q7 Ki`b
BM 2+? T/ #27Q`2 Mvi?BM; 2Hb2 U2X;X :i?HF e- S`FiTB;H RX89VX
:b `2 BM/BbT2MbB#H2 7Q` i?2 MHvbBb Q7 Mv ;++?M/b K2i`2- M/ `2
+QKKQM iQ #Qi? aMbF`Bi M/ S`F`Bi i2tib- #mi i?2 Ki`@bT2+B}+iBQM Bb
mMB[m2 iQ S`F`Bi i2tib U2t+Hm/BM; i?2 p2`b2b Q7 i?2 Lvbi` K2MiBQM2/
BM jX8XkVX AKTHB+Bi BM i?2 Ki`@bT2+B}+iBQM Bb i?2 `2+Q;MBiBQM Q7 7Qm` T/bX
6`QK T`+iB+H TQBMi Q7 pB2r- i?Bb Ki`@bT2+B}+iBQM Bb mMM2+2bb`v- bBM+2
i?2 MmK#2` Q7 Ki`b +M #2 /2`Bp2/ 7`QK i?2 MmK#2` Q7 ;b- r?B+? `2
7` KQ`2 BKTQ`iMi iQ i?2 bi`m+im`2 Q7 i?2 K2i`2X "mi +QM+2`M 7Q` i?2 i?2@
R9
A i?MF C2M@Gm+ *?2pBHH`/ 7Q` H2`iBM; K2 iQ i?2 mb2 Q7 FiBX
R8
h?2 B/2MiBiv Q7 "?mD;/?BT Bb mM+2`iBMX o2HMF` i?Qm;?i Bi `272``2/ iQ SB;H
Ur?Q Bb +QMp2MiBQMHHv +QMbB/2`2/ iQ #2 M;VX "mi i?2 +QKK2MiiQ` ;HQbb2b i?2 MK2
b EK#Hpi`m- bQ DQBMi mi?Q`b `2 TQbbB#H2c Bi Bb 2p2M TQbbB#H2 i?i _i M/ J@
pv `2 K2Mi UB7 SB;H +M #2 +QMbB/2`2/ M;- ?Bb T`2/2+2bbQ`b KB;?i #2 b
r2HHVX
Re
h?2 mi?Q`b r?Q +QMi`B#mi2/ iQ i?2 aiib HbQ +QKTQb2/ p2`b2b BM Qi?2` K2i`2b-
b +BiiBQMb BM i?2 apvK#?+?M/b BM/B+i2 U2X;X- `/HpBF`Bi p2`b2 #v >H i
RXNdVX
Rd
*7X Epv/` RXjdc A i?MF *b# .2xb 7Q` H2`iBM; K2 iQ i?BbX
:++?M/b j88
LM/Bi?v-
?2pv HB;?i iQiH S`FiTB;H oB`?F >2K+M/` _iM2F?`
kd j jy HFK HFK FKH HFK
ke 8 jR //?B `//? HHBi F`iB
k8 d jk #m//?B #m//?B HH FMiB
k9 N jj HDD HDD DvQibM ;;
kj RR j9 pB/v pB/v `K#? ;m`
kk Rj j8 FK FK K;/? i`;BM
kR R8 je /2? /`;? HFK i`
ky Rd jd ;m` ;m` pB/vmi bB//?B
RN RN j3 /?i` `DB KH //?B
R3 kR jN +` DvQibM ?b #m//?B
Rd kj 9y +?v +?v BH2F? ;M/?`p
Re k8 9R FMiB FMiB D?Mp FBM`
R8 kd 9k K?KiB K?Kv m//? DvQibM
R9 kN 9j F`iB F`iB FH KH
Rj jR 99 bB//?B Km;/? FmK` pH
Rk jj 98 KMBM KMQ?` K2/? ?b
RR j8 9e `K `Q?B bB//?B p
Ry jd 9d ;?BM pBH //?B p
N jN 93 pBp bm?bBF FmKm/BM Fm`;BM
3 9R 9N pbBi ?`B /?` FQ
d 9j 8y Q#? +F`pF vFB HH
e 98 8R ?`B b`bBF p HHBi
8 9d 8k +F` Fm`` #`?K `K#?
9 9N 8j b`b ?b ;M/?`p #`?KM
j 8R 89 Fm`` ?bp/? KD` K;/?
R3
oB`?F #2;BMb iQ /Bz2` 7`QK i?2 S`FiTB;H 7i2` F`iBX aBM+2 i?2 T`2+2/BM;
Rj MK2b `2 `2Hi2/ BM i?2 bK2 p2`b2- Bi b22Kb HBF2Hv i?i oB`?F M/ i?2 S`FiTB@
;H b?`2 bQm`+2 7Q` i?2b2 Rj MK2b- #mi QM2 Q7 i?2KT`2bmK#Hv oB`?F/B/
MQi ?p2 i?2 b2+QM/ p2`b2 i ?M/- M/ 2Bi?2` bmTTH2K2Mi2/ i?2 HBbi rBi? /Bz2`2Mi i2ti
Q` K/2 Bi mT ?BKb2H7X
j8e M/`2r PHH2ii
h?2 }`bi ;i? Q7 i?2 ;i?b Bb i?2 HFK rBi? i?B`iv bvHH#H2b-
BM r?B+? i?2`2 `2 ir2Miv@b2p2M T`Bb2rQ`i?v ?2pv bvHH#H2b
M/ i?`22 HB;?i bvHH#H2bX
bi`@p`BMi, BM~iBM; Bib BMp2MiQ`v Q7 K2i`2b KB;?i ?p2 #22M QM2 rv Q7
`BpHHBM; i?2 `B+? K2i`B+H BMp2MiQ`v Q7 i?2 aMbF`Bi i`/BiBQMX A bm;;2bi2/
UjXdXkV i?i aip?M Kv #2 `2bTQMbB#H2 7Q` i?2 #bB+ S`F`Bi MHvbBb-
MQi bBKTHv iQ TB+F Qmi 7Q` i?2 i`/BiBQM- #mi #2+mb2 i?2
ii2KTi iQ ;Bp2 S`F`Bi K2i`B+b /BbiBM+i +?`+i2`- r?B+? Bb mM/2`KBM2/
#v i?2 MQ`KiBpBiv Q7 SB;H BM Hi2` S`F`Bi i2tib- KB;?i THmbB#Hv #2 b@
bB;M2/ iQ i?2 T2`bQM r?Q /2}M2/ S`F`Bi HBi2``v +mHim`2 i?`Qm;? ?Bb TQ2iB+-
b+?QH`Hv- M/ 2/BiQ`BH 2zQ`ibX
9 A i?mb T`QTQb2 i?2 7QHHQrBM; HBM2 Q7 /2p2HQTK2MiX h?2 +Q`2 Q7 i?2 ;@
++?M/b KQ/mH2 /i2b #+F iQ i?2 9th +X #+2- M/ +QMbBbib Q7 itQMQKv
Q7 biMxB+ 7Q`Kb, ;iB- m/;iB- mT;iB- p;iBX h?Bb itQMQKv rb T`Q##Hv
mb2/ #v TQ2ibc Bi rb MQi BM+Q`TQ`i2/ BMiQ i?2 /Bb+Qm`b2 Q7 *?M/bi`
mMiBH +2Mim`v Q` bQ Hi2`- r?2M *?M/bi` im`M2/ Bib ii2MiBQM iQr`/b
HmFBF HBi2`im`2X i i?Bb TQBMi- i?2 p;iB ?/ #2+QK2 i?2 biM/`/ ;@
++?M/b K2i`2 Ui?2 QH/ `v ?pBM; 7HH2M BMiQ /2bm2im/2V M/ ?2M+2 K2`@
Bi2/ Bib QrM MK2- i?2 `vX h?2 ;++?M/b KQ/mH2 MQr BM+Hm/2/ #bB+
/2}MBiBQM Q7 i?2 `v- 7`QK r?B+? Bi /2`Bp2/ i?2 Qi?2` ;iB@K2i`2bX Gi2`-
#mi #27Q`2 SB;H- i?2 i2`Kb Ti?v- pBTmH- M/ +TH r2`2 BMi`Q/m+2/X
h?2b2 `2 i?2 QMHv /BbiBM+iBQMb K/2 BM i?2 hm`7M UaKm/`BFV *?M/QpB@
+BiB- M/ i?2 2`HB2bi S`F`Bi K2i`B+H r`Bi2`b T`Q##Hv r2`2 +[mBMi2/ rBi?
i?Bb 7Q`K Q7 i?2 ;++?M/b KQ/mH2X SB;H +QKTH2i2/ ?Bb bvMi?2bBb Q7
K2i`B+b BM i?2 Rst +X #+2 Q` +2- BM r?B+? ?2 bimi2Hv //2/ `mH2b 7Q` i?2
`vb L2#2M+bm`2MX `QmM/ i?2 Rst +X +2- S`F`Bi mi?Q`bBM+Hm/BM;
aip?M M/ >`Bp//?BMBiBi2/ S`F`Bi K2i`B+H /Bb+Qm`b2- M/
7Q`KmHi2/ M MHvbBb Q7 i?2 ;++?M/b K2i`2b i?i /Bz2`2/- bQK2r?i
bmT2`}+BHHv- 7`QK i?2 aMbF`Bi MHvbBb i?i i?2v FM2rX aQK2 Hi2` m@
i?Q`b BM i?Bb S`F`Bi /Bb+Qm`b2 r2`2 H2bb +QM+2`M2/ rBi? KBMiBMBM; i?2B`
BM/2T2M/2M+2 7`QK i?2 aMbF`Bi /Bb+Qm`b2- M/ /`2r QM SB;Hb rQ`F iQ
;`2i2` Q` H2bb2` 2ti2MiX h?Bb biQ`v- T`ib Q7 r?B+? `2 +2`iBMHv bT2+m@
HiBp2- b?QmH/ #2 +QMbB/2`2/ ?vTQi?2bBb, ?BbiQ`v Q7 i?2 ;++?M/b
KQ/mH2- M/ i?2 ?BbiQ`v Q7 i?2 AM/BM K2i`B+H i`/BiBQM `2~2+i2/ i?2`2BM-
+QMbi`m+i2/ 7`QK +Hm2b BM i?2 K2i`B+H i2tib i?2Kb2Hp2b M/ bm#D2+i iQ `2@
pBbBQM b M2r 2pB/2M+2 UQ` #2ii2` BMi2`T`2iiBQMbV #2+QK2b pBH#H2X
_272`2M+2b
Hb/Q`7- GX Aii?T`BMM, +?Ti2` Q7 CBM KQMbiB+ TQ2i`v- 2/Bi2/ b +QMi`B@
#miBQM iQ AM/BM T`QbQ/vX AM/Q@A`MBM CQm`MH k, k9Nkdy- RN83X
:++?M/b jeR
Hb/Q`7- GX CBM aim/B2b, i?2B` T`2b2Mi bii2 M/ 7mim`2 ibFbX JmK#B, >BM/B
:`Mi? E`vHv- kyye (RNe8)X
>`i- :X GX h?2 SQ2Kb Q7 M+B2Mi hKBH, i?2B` KBHB2m M/ i?2B` aMbF`Bi +QmM@
i2`T`ibX "2`F2H2v, lMBp2`bBiv Q7 *HB7Q`MB S`2bb- RNd8X
>v2b- "X Jt2Mi ;`KK`b 7Q` i?2 K2i`B+b Q7 a?F2bT2`2 M/ JBHiQM- kyRyX
S`2b2MiiBQM /2HBp2`2/ i i?2 K22iBM; Q7 i?2 GBM;mBbiB+ aQ+B2iv Q7 K2`B+-
CMm`v kyRyX
>QTFBMb- 1X qX h?2 :`2i 1TB+ Q7 AM/B, Bib *?`+i2` M/ P`B;BMX L2r uQ`F,
a+`B#M2`- RNyRX
>Q`b+?- SX .B2 o2/Bb+?2 :i?@ mM/ HQF@GBi2`im`X "2`M, 6`M+F2 o2`H;- RNeeX
C+Q#B- >X l2#2` /B2 1MirB+FHmM; /2` BM/Bb+?2M J2i`BF BM M+?p2/Bb+?2` w2BiX
w2Bib+?`B7i /2` .2mib+?2M JQ`;2MHM/Bb+?2M :2b2HHb+?7i j3, 8NyeRN-
R339X STX R9k@Rd9 BM ?Bb EH2BM2 a+?`B7i2M- 2/X "2`M?`/ EQHp2` RNdy- qB2b@
#/2MX
C+Q#B- >X wm` E2MiMBbb /2` `vX w2Bib+?`B7i /2` .2mib+?2M JQ`;2MHM/Bb+?2M
:2b2HHb+?7i 9j, jjej9k- R33eX STX RN3@ky9 BM ?Bb EH2BM2 a+?`B7i2M- 2/X
"2`M?`/ EQHp2` RNdy- qB2b#/2MX
C+Q#B- >X #2` /B2 Hi2bi2M BM/Bb+?2M J2i`BF2` mM/ B?` q2`FX AM/BM GBM;mBb@
iB+b j, RjRR9R- RNjjX
PH/2M#2`;- >X M/ _X SBb+?2H U2/bXVX h?2 h?2`@ M/ h?2`@;i?X SHB h2ti aQ@
+B2iv- kM/ 2/BiBQM- RNeeX qBi? TT2M/B+2b #v EX _X LQ`KM M/ GX Hb/Q`7X
ai2BM2`- _X .B2 G2?`2 /2` Mmbim#? #2B /2M BM/Bb+?2M J2i`BF2`MX AM am?`H H2@
F??, 62bi;#2 7m` >2HKmi 1BK2`- TTX kkdk93X arBbiiH@P/2M/Q`7, AM/B+
2i hB#2iB+ o2`H;- RNNeX
q2#2`- X AM/Bb+?2 aim/B2M oAAA, l2#2` /B2 J2i`BF /2` AM/2`X "2`HBM, .mKKH2`-
R3ejX