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An offprint of
P upk
Tracing Ancient India, through Texts and Traditions
Contributions to Current Research in Indology

Volume 1
Proceedings of the
first International Indology Graduate Research Symposium
(September 2009, Oxford)

Edited by

Nina Mirnig
Pter-Dniel Sznt
Michael Williams

ISBN 978-1-84217-385-5

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