CMG

11/23/2013
Computer Modelling Group Ltd.
Computer Modeling Group Ltd.

Calgary Canada
Calgary,
Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

(Confidential)
1
11/23/2013
Introduction to CMG
and its Products
2
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CMG Software Products

Builder - Keywordless model creation
IMEX - Black oil simulator (FORMEX)
GEM - Compositional simulator
STARS - Thermal/ Advanced process simulator
Results - p graphics
Output g p and reports
p
Winprop- Phase behavior Modelling
CMOST - Optimization Software

(Confidential)
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CMG Software Products

(Confidential)
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CMG Launcher

(Confidential)
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Input/Output File Systems
.OUT output file

.IRF index results file
.MRF main results file( binaryy ffiles )
.DAT Data file
.log Log file
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.IRF .MRF Files are used with the

RESULTS graphic package and the new
REPORT generator
t
RESULTS
.IRF
.MRF REPORT

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Full Suite of Reservoir Simulators

CONVENTIONAL HEAVY
OIL RECOVERY OIL RECOVERY
PROCESS PROCESS
BLACK-OIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONAL FLUIDS VISUALIZATION THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL

ANIMATION
PRIMARY PHASE 2D/3D IN-SITU STEAM STEAM HOT W ATER

CAUSTIC MISCIBLE FLOODS ADDITIVES
PLUS CO2 BEHAVIOR GRIDDING COMBUSTION ADDITIVES
POLY MER
W ATER FLOOD VAPORIZING PROPERTIES DATA CONSTRUCTION
GAS FLOOD FOAM IMPORT/EXPORT FILES
GEL CONDENSING CO2
PSEUDO-MISCIBLE XY GRAPHICS SURFACTANT
POLY MER NAPHTHA CAUSTIC
FOAM
IMEX STARS GEM WinPROP RESULTS STARS STARS STARS STARS
FOR MULTI-PLATFORM COMPUTERS TEMPLATE FIELD SCALE CASES

TECHNICAL SUPPORT SIMULATOR MAINTENANCE
ADVANCED EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS
USER AND TECHNICAL MANUALS IMPROMPTU SUPPORT

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Builder
A comprehensive
p interface to input
p and organize
g
simulation data
Advanced graphical capabilities to view and edit input

data in 2-D or 3-D mode
Smart interface system to assist users input
Built-in wizards for complex and tedious tasks

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Builder

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Simulation & Simulation Tools
Physical Problem Physical

y Result
- Reservoir Description - Process/Reservoir Interaction
- Core Analysis - Prediction
- Geology - Sensitivity
- Laboratory
L b t R
Results
lt - Confidence
C fid L
Levell
- Operation Strategy - Understanding
Translation Translation
A B
Simulator Problem Run Numerical Results

- Data Set Simulator - Graphs
p and Numbers

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Keyword input system
Used by all CMG simulators
Seven data groups Well data
Numerical methods
Initial conditions
Rock-fluid properties
Component properties
Reservoir description
Input / Output control
Input order of data

ordering of data group
order of data within group

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Builder

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Builder
Export models properties in RESCUE format
Time-line view of recurrent data and Wellbore View of well

trajectory
j y and completion
p
Simulator validation
All
Allows i
input
t off titles,
titl comments
t and
d Control
C t l off frequency
f and
d
contents of text or graphical output
Generates restart information and content

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Builder
Use BUILDER to construct IMEX, GEM & STARS dataset
Use BUILDER to convert Eclipse dataset to IMEX dataset
Use BUILDER to convert IMEX to GEM or STARS dataset
Converts single porosity model to fracture model (dual porosity /

d l permeability)
dual bilit )
BUILDER supports different geological formats

(Confidential)
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Forms of Geological Data

Some geological and geostatistical programs directly create 3D simulation
grids
EDS - Gocad
Roxar - IRAP RMS
S hl b
Schlumberger Petrel
P t l
Landmark Stratamodel
Earthvision
JOE- Baker Hughes
Acceptable outputs
CMG keywords directly
RESCUE format
Eclipse format

(Confidential)
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Workflow - RESCUE

(Confidential)
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GRIDDING

(Confidential)
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Typical Models Used in

Reservoir Simulation
(a) tank (b) 1-D linear (c) 1-D radial
x
y
(d) cross-sectional (e) areal
(f) radial cross-sectional (g) 3D (from Mattax and Dalton, 1990)

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Zero-Dimensional Problems
One cell model is essentially a simple material

balance model
No flow calculations necessary

(Confidential)
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One-Dimensional Problems
Z
2

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One-Dimensional Problems
Applications
Miscible slimtube experiments and some corefloods
Gravity drainage systems
Vertical equilibrium
Stream tube simulation

(Confidential)
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Two-Dimensional, Areal
X
Y 1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4

(Confidential)
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Two-Dimensional, Areal
Applications
Migration of fluids across lease lines
Simulation of large multi-well structures
Areally heterogeneous rock properties
Gravity stable reservoirs

(Confidential)
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Two-Dimensional, Vertical
Z
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4

(Confidential)
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Two-Dimensional, Vertical
Applications
Cross sectional analysis of a reservoir
Gravity segregation of waterfloods or miscible floods
Effect of vertical heterogeneity on frontal displacement

(Confidential)
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Three-Dimensional Problems
X
Y
1 2
Z
1
1
2
2
3
3
4

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Three-Dimensional Problems
A li ti
Applications
Cases where vertical and areal sweep interacts
Thick reservoir pay sections
L
Layered
d systems
t with
ith common aquifers
if or partial
ti l
communication
Significant
Si ifi t vertical
ti l variation
i ti ini rock
k and
d fluid
fl id properties
ti
Fullfield modelling

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Gridding
Grid Types
CART
VARI
CORNER
RADIAL
QUICK PATTERN GRID
KDIR UP/DOWN
By default K increases vertically UPWARDS for all non-corner point grids
K always increases DOWNWARDS for corner point grids and this setting cannot
be changed.

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Create a grid block

Create a cartesian grid
block
Edit your grid line
Move and rotate grid block

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Common Types of Grid

Block Centred Corner Point
Simple grid cell Complicated cell
construction based on cell construction based on cell
centre corners
Easy data input Need pre processor for
More mathematically data input
accurate, orthogonal, grid Non-orthogonal grid can
Boundaries not modelled lead to numerical error
exactly Accurate boundary
Faults may be required to location
zig-zag Gridlines follow faulting

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Common Types of Grid

Block Centred Corner Point
Difficult to distinguish dip Structural dip distinct from
from faulting faulting
Zig-zag faulting can distort More accurate flow pattern
flow pattern along and across fault
Vertical faults only planes
Vertical and sloping fault
planes allowed

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Grid Refinement
Two main grid refinement
types:
1. Cartesian Refined
2. Hybrid Refines

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GRID PROPERTIES

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Grid Specification
Different ways of property
import:
1. Constant value
2. Use other propeties
3
3. RESCUE file

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DEFINING A SECTOR

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Sectors
Named Sectors defined under Data menu
Selected areas highlighted
Probe shows sector name

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Sectors
Create sectors
Sectors define individual reporting areas
Fluid in p
place values
Production/injection accounting
Defined either by
y
Numbered array
Distinct sector name
Report to text or graphics output files

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FLUID MODEL(STARS)

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Adding/editing components
Add a component (can
be either from library or
manually)
Select its reference
phase
Select the phases that it
can also be present
Give its critical
properties and MW

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EXAMPLE
Make the following component table.

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K value (Optional)
K Value data are optional in STARS.
Gas liquid K values can be input through correlations
or through tables.
Liquid-liquid K values can be input only through
tables.

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K values can be user input, use table, simulator

default value.

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K value tables

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Densities

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Viscosities
Liquid viscosities are required.
They can be input using either correlations or tables.

(Confidential)
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Viscosities
Gas viscosities are optional.
If not input, or if both AVG and BVG are zero for a
component, Stars uses internal default correlations
and/or values.
values

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Enthalpy

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Reaction
For each reaction, it is assumed that each reactant
reacts in a particular phase. (Wetcombustion.dat)

(Confidential)
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Import From WINPROP

(Confidential)
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Other methods of importing PVT data

(Confidential)
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ROCK FLUID PROPERTIES

ROCK-

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Adding a new rock-type

(Confidential)
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Rock Type Properties

The tab holds settings for:
Rock Wettability
Method for Evaluating 3-Phase KRO

(Confidential)
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Relative Permeability Tables

There is a tool for generating relative permeability
tables from analytical equations, a tool for smoothing
curve data, and a tool for scaling curve data.

(Confidential)
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Tools button in Rel Perm
Generate Tables Using Correlations

Smooth Table
Curve Scaling
Coarsen Curve

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Generate Tables Using Correlations

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Smooth Table

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Curve Scaling

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Exercise
Generate a water-wet relative permeability curve
using Rock-type tools

(Confidential)
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Hysteresis Modeling

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Relative Permeability End Points

In Stars, you can specify temperature dependence for
critical saturations and endpoints.

(Confidential)
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INITIALIZATION

(Confidential)
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Initialization
The Stars Initial Conditions interface allows you to
edit non property array initialization parameters such
as
1 capillary-gravity methods of calculating vertical equilibrium
1. equilibrium,
2. initial reservoir saturations,
3. reference depth
p and pressure
p
4. three phase contact depths.

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WELL & RECURRENT

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Time Line View

(Confidential)
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Date/Time Information

(Confidential)
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Well Data
The data associated with a well are:
Unique name with 1 to 40 characters (except * and ?).
Type PRODUCER or INJECTOR (constant in time).
Group affiliation (optional).
Trajectory data (optional) that may have one main branch and several
multilateral legs. Each trajectory branch may have perforation intervals on
various dates.
Completions also called model wells or PERF cards.

cards
Events that set constraints and other properties in chronological order.

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Add a new well

(Confidential)
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Well Event
Well events is a collection of data items related to a
particular well that includes
1. Well definition
2 Constraints
2. C t i t
3. constraint multipliers
4 status
4.
5. other properties set in time

(Confidential)
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Constrains
*CONT: The action on violation is to switch to operating

p g on this
constraint, and continue the simulation.
*SHUTIN: The action on violation is to shut in the well.
*REPEAT: The time step will be reconverged (repeated) after the action
is taken.
*STOP: The action on violation is to stop the simulation.
*NEXTSEG: The action on violation is to immediately

y read and apply
pp y the
well changes for the next *TIME or *DATE.
*ONETIME: This subkeyword specifies that the constraint will not be

checked for violation when another constraint is operating.
(Confidential)
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Constrains

(Confidential)
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Injected Fluid

(Confidential)
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CMG

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11/23/2013

Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Computer Modeling Group Ltd.

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

CMG Software Products

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

CMG Software Products

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Input/Output File Systems

.OUT output file

Input/Output File Systems

.IRF .MRF Files are used with the

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Full Suite of Reservoir Simulators

BLACK-OIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONAL FLUIDS VISUALIZATION THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL

PRIMARY PHASE 2D/3D IN-SITU STEAM STEAM HOT W ATER

IMEX STARS GEM WinPROP RESULTS STARS STARS STARS STARS

FOR MULTI-PLATFORM COMPUTERS TEMPLATE FIELD SCALE CASES

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Advanced graphical capabilities to view and edit input

Smart interface system to assist users input

Built-in wizards for complex and tedious tasks

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Simulation & Simulation Tools

Physical Problem Physical

Simulator Problem Run Numerical Results

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Input/Output File Systems

Input order of data

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Export models properties in RESCUE format

Time-line view of recurrent data and Wellbore View of well

Generates restart information and content

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Use BUILDER to construct IMEX, GEM & STARS dataset

Use BUILDER to convert Eclipse dataset to IMEX dataset

Use BUILDER to convert IMEX to GEM or STARS dataset

Converts single porosity model to fracture model (dual porosity /

BUILDER supports different geological formats

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Forms of Geological Data

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Typical Models Used in

(a) tank (b) 1-D linear (c) 1-D radial

(d) cross-sectional (e) areal

(f) radial cross-sectional (g) 3D (from Mattax and Dalton, 1990)

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

One cell model is essentially a simple material

No flow calculations necessary

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Miscible slimtube experiments and some corefloods

Gravity drainage systems

Stream tube simulation

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Copyright Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

Migration of fluids across lease lines

Simulation of large multi-well structures