TEST CODE 01207020

FORM TP 2008043

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION

This paper consists of SIX questions in two sections. Answer ALL

questions.

For Section A, write your answers in the spaces provided in this

booklet.

At the end of the examination, attach your question booklet to your

answer booklet and return them to the Supervisor.
 The pie charts in Figure 1 show the results of an investigation by a student on equal
volumes of two samples of soil.

(ii) How do you account for the difference in the proportion of air in Samples A
and B?
 ) ..,

(b) The student carried out a further investigation on the soil in which 100 cm3 of water was
poured on each of the soil samples, A and B. The water which drained from each soil
sample was collected in measuring cylinders. Figure 2 shows diagrams of the two
cylinders in which the water that drained through each soil sample was.collected.

90 90

J:, 80

70
80

70

60 60

50 50

".- .' ..;- - ---"-- ..._-----

40 40

30 30

20 20

:'
10 10

(ii) Which measuring cylinder represents drainage from Sample B? Give a reason
for your answer.
-- - - - - -- --- ... ~ . 7'r"T"I ... r'lT""l
(c) Apart from the components shown in the pie chart in Figure 1, soil also contains living
organisms. Six soil organisms are shown in Figure 3.

~. -,

(i) Identify TWO features of the organisms observed in Figure 3 which could be
used to classify them.

(ii) Name ONE group of soil organisms that is important in the recycling of soil
nutrients.

Organisms 1 and 3 in Figure 3 are usually found under stones or leaf litter.
Suggest TWO reasons why these organisms are found in this type of habitat.
(iv) To investigate the number in the population of Organism 5 that occurs in its
habitat:
 1------------
2

On the diagram in Figure 4, label EACH of the parts numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4.

(4 marks)
State ONE function of EACH of the parts labelled 2 and 4.
Part 2:

(ii) How does movement at a partially movable joint differ from movement at the
elbow joint?

Figure 5. Stylised diagram of a human fore limb

On the stylised diagram in Figure 5, draw a representation of a pair of antagonistic
muscles for flexing and extending the arm. (2 marks)

Many older persons replace their hip bone to retain their ability to walk. Suggest TWO
reasons why the hip bone can lose its locomotory function.

(4 marks)
Total 15 marks
(c) Suggest ONE reason why it is possible to successfully transfer genes from one species
to another, yet species under normal conditions do not generally interbreed.
 (ii) Using an appropriate diagram, show how a plant or animal may belong to more
than one food chain.

(iii) Explain why the number of organisms decreases at the successive trophic
levels. ( 8 marks)

(b) Biological control usually involves the introduction of new species to an ecosystem to
reduce or control the population of organisms considered to be pests.

Identify ONE relationship that is important in biological control and explain

how this relationship functions in biological control.

Suggest TWO reasons why biological control is a preferred method of reducing

pest populations compared to the use of pesticides. ( 7 marks)

With the aid of a fully annotated diagram, explain how air reaches the lungs and
oxygen is absorbed into the blood stream.

(ii) Suggest why it is important for human blood to have a specialised type of cell
for oxygen absorption. ( 9 marks)

The effect of smoke emission from factories on plant leaves is sometimes compared to
the effect of cigarette smoke on human lungs. Suggest TWO reasons why this compari-
son is appropriate. (4 marks)

Many governments have passed legislation to reduce the amount of cigarette smoking
in public. Explain why governments should consider it their responsibility to reduce
smoking in public. ( 2 marks)
 (ii) Identify TWO diseases from which the body CANNOT effectively defend
itself.

(iii) For any ONE disease you identified at (a) (ii), explain why it is difficult for the
body to defend itself from that disease. ( 8 marks)

(b) Antibiotics are a group of drugs that is used to help the body fight diseases caused by
certain organisms. Doctors advise their patients to take an entire course of antibiotics
only when and as prescribed. However, many people do not follow the doctor's advice
and some of these drugs have been found to be no longer effective.

Suggest TWO biological and TWO social implications of the improper use of
antibiotics. ( 4 marks)

- (c) ..:---"Alcohokis,.sometimes::consicleredan abused drug. Explain why-this_ma)'c.be an

appropriate description. ( 3 marks)