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1. Abstract 2
2. Introduction 3
3. Discussion 6
4. Conclusion 9
5. Recommendations 9
6. References 10
7. Appendix 12
ABSTRACT
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Single-blind randomised controlled trial was used to differential effects of two
different foot reflexology techniques; the relaxing reflexology techniques and lymphatic
reflexology technique. Each participant was gave reflexology for 15 minute with pre- and
post- therapy and foot circumference measurements and participant questionnaire.
The findings suggest that lymphatic technique reflexology was statistically shown
significant in group mean circumference measurements. Therefore, the lymphatic
reflexology was preferred as therapy for relieving an edema.
INTRODUCTION
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By applying strong pressure, the reflexologist uses a specific thumb and finger
pressure technique to elicit areas of potential or actual disorders. [2, 3, 4, and 5].
Therefore it heals the damaged areas and rejuvenating one’s mental, emotional and
physical well-being and health. Now this, there are many different styles and approaches
used in reflexology, however the basic principle is constant.
Reflexology is an ancient healing art that has been around for thousands of year,
practiced throughout history by many cultures [6]. Originating in China, around 3000
B.C. it has existed in various forms in ancient Egypt, India and Japan.
These zones were alleged tp correspond to the fingers and toes and taught that
“bioelectrical energy” flowed through these zones to “reflex points” in the hands and
feet. His method of treatment involved the fastening of wire springs
around toes [7].
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Eugnice Ingham
In the 1930s and 1940s , Eugnice Ingham, a nurse and physiotherapist, furhter
developed these maps to include specific reflex points. At that time, zone therapy was
renamed reflexology [8]. Regular reflexology has many beneficial and lasting effects.
Some are of a more general nature, blancing and restoring systems for bettter function,
and some are quite specific.
Most cases of edema are mild and have not specific treatment than to control
physiological edema such as support stockings, bed rest and diuretics. The diuretics
practices are longer advocated for pregnancy edema as any treatment in pregnancy
because it fails to remove extravascular fluid without disturbing the intravascular
components [13].
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Therefore an effective therapy would provide symptom relief primarily and short-term
edema relieving effects.
DISCUSSION
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which are, the normal pregnancy at 30 weeks gestation, a visible edema on feet, able to
speak, read and write English and attending the clinic for pregnancy care.
The single-blind randomised was used because it gave the reflexologists to know
whether they are giving true or placebo therapy [19] and each from the participants was
randomly allocated into two groups experimental.
Each therapy session take about 15 minute with includes the circumference
measurement of foot and self-questionnaires. The self-questionnaires are includes the
knowledge of reflexology; pre- and post-therapy levels of stress, tension, anxiety and
discomfort. All analysis data was quantitative by using the Student t-test for identify the
foot measurement. This picture below showed the measurement of foot circumference.
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This table 1 showed a descriptive data for two group’s techniques, means,
standard deviations and ranges.
Mean wellbeing scores and mean difference scores across the two groups showed
in table 2. The score of the lymphatic reflexology has revealed the group significantly
increased wellbeing, compare to the relaxing reflexology group.
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Based on the findings, these indicate that the lymphatic reflexology techniques
have a significant clinical effect in reducing foot edema than the relaxing reflexology
techniques.
The lymphatic reflexology technique group also showed a consistent decrease in
all circumferences compared to the relaxing reflexology. From the participant viewpoint,
some realize that the lymphatic reflexology technique is more effective in relieving the
edema symptom.
The most apparent effect by the women receiving reflexology was felt relaxed,
sleepy or fell asleep during the reflexology session. On the other hand, this study only
concentrated on effect of reflexology as s therapy for edema.
CONCLUSION
RECOMENDATIONS
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As we know, reflexology techniques are well-known remarkable therapy for
diseases, where certain people chosen this therapy as conventional treatment. Even
though this technique seems to be widely known, there is limited scientific evidence
about safety or effectiveness of this technique. So, prolong research is needed to study the
effectiveness of this technique. As for this study, the measuring tool is required as the
circumference measurements were not able to record the decrease in skin tension and
swelling. Moreover, there is need an accurate method for quantifying the dependent
edema.
REFERENCES
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5. Enzer S. Reflexology: a tool for midwives. Soul to Sole Reflexology, Sydney,
Australia. 2000.
6. Facts on Reflexology (Foot Massage) Regina Xavier Nursing Journal of India;
Jan 2007; 98, 1; Health & Medical Complete pg. 11.
7. Raso J. "Alternative" Healthcare: A Comprehensive Guide. Prometheus Books,
1994, p.126.
8. Eunice D. Ingham and the development of foot reflexology in the U.S.
(Benjamin) Massage Therap J, Winter, 1989.
9. M. Enkin, M. Keirse, M. Renfrew and J. Neilson. A guide to effective care in
pregnancy and childbirth, 2nd ed, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1995).
10. F. Cunningham, P. MacDonald, N. Gant, K. Leveno, L. Gilstrap, G. Hankins and
S. Clark. Williams Obstetrics, 20th ed, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
(1997).
11. D. Reynolds, Severe gestational edema. J Midwifery Womens Health 48 2 (2003),
pp. 146–148.
12. Young G, Jewell D. Interventions for varicosities and leg oedema in pregnancy
13. Davidson J. Edema in pregnancy. Kidney Int 1997; 51:S50, S90–6.
14. Tiran D, Mack S, editors. Complementary therapies for pregnancy and childbirth,
2nd ed. Edinburgh: Bailliere Tindall; 2000.
15. Royal College of Midwives (RCM). Position Paper 10a: Complementary
Therapies. RCM Midwives J 1999;2(12):382–4.
16. D. Tiran, The use of complementary therapies in midwifery practice: a focus on
reflexology. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 2 2 (1996), pp. 32–37.
17. L. Booth. Vertical reflexology: a revolutionary five minute technique to transform
your health, Piatkus Ltd, London (2000).
18. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice Volume 11, Issue 1 , February
2005, Pages 58-6.
19. D. Botting, Review of literature on the effectiveness of reflexology. Complement
Ther Nursing Midwifery 3 (1997), pp. 123–130.
20. Royal College of Midwives (RCM). Position Paper 10a: Complementary
Therapies. RCM Midwives J 1999;2(12):382–4.
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APPENDIX
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