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Adetoun Tijani
Head, Quality Control Laboratory,
Portland Paints & Products Nig. Plc
Quality control is a procedure/set of
procedures carried out to ensure that a
manufactured product/performed service
adheres to a defined set of criteria/standard
values, before, during and after
manufacturing, to ensure customer
satisfaction and conformance with statutory
regulations.
The raw materials, manufacturing process
and finished products undergo stringent QC
checks.
Paints can be defined as a liquid, paste, or powder
products which when applied on a substrate, dries to
form a thin layer and serves for informative, decorative
and protective purposes.
Paints is a mixture (not a compound).
Paint is different from DYE.
The term colorant is often used for both Dyes and
Pigments. i.e. substances that impart color.
Dyes are chemicals /organic compounds, that are
dissolved in a medium, to impart color and are
absorbed into the material to which they are applied.
Coating is a general term denoting a material that is
applied to a surface (e.g. Paint, Varnish)
Paint is pigmented, while varnish refers to clear
lacquer/pigment-free coating.
Paints is made up of numerous components
which are PEARS. i.e.
Pigment
Extender
Additives
Resins/Binder
Solvent
Pigments are
responsible for color,
covering power and
anti-corrosive
properties. The most widely used
Pigments are finely pigment is TiO2, due
ground crystalline to its excellent hiding
solids that are property. Other e.g.
dispersed/ suspended are carbon black,
in the paint. They may FeO, CdS for red,
be organic, in-organic metallic salts for
and metallic. yellow and orange.
Extenders, also known as Fillers are largely finely
ground crystalline solids that are dispersed in the
paint, added to reduce cost of production, by
replacing expensive pigments in paint.
Fillers give the paint body / make the paint bulky
and improves flow ( i.e. less sagging on
application).
They are used as matting agents (control gloss
level), to provide matt or semi-gloss finishes e.g.
are CaCO3, kaolin, talc, clay (Al silicates), sand,
marble dust etc.
Additives are added to modify certain properties of
paint. Examples are:
Driers accelerate drying of paints. They are
basically metals, which catalyses the oxidation
and polymerization of film in solvent-based
paints. E.g. Pb, Ca, Co, Mn driers. However, Pb is
no longer in use due to high toxicity; but
zirconium is now used instead.
Anti-settling Agent - to prevent pigment settling.
Anti-Skinning Agent- control skinning (ensures
paint do not skin). i.e. oximes
Defoamers - reduce formation of bubbles
during manufacturing, and breaks bubbles as
they are formed in the paint
Biocides / Preservatives (IN-CAN/DFP) -
prevents smelling of paint while in the
container and growth of moulds /algae/fungi
on paint after it has been applied.
Wetting & Dispersing Agent - are surfactants,
that assists in moistening (wetting) the
pigment, hence, easier to grind & disperse.
They prevent flocculation of the pigment
particles {ensuring uniformity}
Thickeners- makes the paint easy to
apply.
Neutralizing Agents- are used in
waterborne paints to neutralize and
stabilize paints. E.g Ammonia
Co-Solvent- increases the hardness of
the film, enhances flow. E.g in water-
based paints, the co-solvent is
texanol; Butyl Glycol- gloss paints.
Binder is a polymeric substance, mostly
gummy in nature. They bind components
together & make it stay on the substrate.
Binder is the actual film-forming component
of a paint.
Binders improve the paints resistance to
moisture permeability, sunlight exposure,
staining, cracking, damage from abrasion &
adhesion to the surface.
Binder/Resin may be natural or synthetic.
Examples of natural resins are: linseed oil,
soya beans oil, coconut oil.
Examples of popular synthetic resins are:
Alkyds, Acrylics, Epoxies, Polyurethane etc.
Alkyd resins: most commonly used in
solvent-based paints, e.g. gloss paints, heat
cured stoving enamel paints.
Poly Vinyl Acetate & Acrylic binders: are
water-based binders.
Epoxy resins: Epoxy resins are applied as
base coats, which prevents corrosion (tanks
(fuel)and prevents friction (factory floor).
Epoxy resins are also useful in marine
application.
Polyurethanes: Polyurethane - based paints are tough,
with durable films that retain their gloss & are easy to
clean. Polyurethane paints are applied as topcoats and
are often used for painting aircraft.
Silicon resin: are used for chiming machine (generates
lots of heat)
Polyester resin: used for roofing sheet.