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AbstractThis paper proposes a new type of converter called a [13] on a frequency step-up and fundamental voltage step-down
single-phase Z-source buckboost matrix converter. The converter converter. The research in [14] and [15] focused on step-up/step-
can buck and boost with step-changed frequency, and both the down frequency operation with a safe-commutation strategy.
frequency and the voltage can be stepped up or stepped down.
In addition, the converter employs a safe-commutation strategy to Applications of single-phase matrix converters have been de-
conduct along a continuous current path, which results in the elim- scribed for induction motor drives [16], radio-frequency induc-
ination of voltage spikes on switches without the need for a snub- tion heating [17], audio power amplification [18], and compen-
ber circuit. The operating principles of the proposed single-phase sation voltage sags and swells [19]. It has been reported that the
Z-source buckboost matrix converter are described, and a circuit use of safe-commutation switches with pulsewidth modulation
analysis is provided. To verify the performance of the proposed
converter, a laboratory prototype was constructed with a voltage (PWM) control can significantly improve the performance of
of 40 Vrm s /60 Hz and a passive RL load. The simulation and the ac/ac converters [9], [10], [18][22]. However, in the conven-
experimental results verified that the converter can produce an tional single-phase matrix converter topology [13][19], the ac
output voltage with three different frequencies 120, 60, and 30 Hz, output voltage cannot exceed the ac input voltage. Furthermore,
and that the amplitude of the output voltage can be bucked and it is not possible to turn both bidirectional switches of a single-
boosted.
phase leg on at the same time; otherwise, the current spikes gen-
Index TermsBuckboost voltage, single-phase matrix con- erated by this action will destroy the switches [20]. These limi-
verter, step-up and step-down frequency, Z-source converter. tations can be overcome by using Z-source topology [21][40].
Research on Z-source converters has focused mainly on dc/ac
I. INTRODUCTION inverters and ac/ac converters. Recently, the work on Z-source
dc/ac inverters has focused on modeling and control [25][27],
MATRIX converter is an ac/ac converter that can directly
A convert an ac power supply voltage into an ac voltage of
variable amplitude and frequency without a large energy stor-
the PWM strategy [28][31], applications [32][35], and other
Z-network topologies [36][40]. The Z-source ac/ac convert-
ers focus on single-phase topologies [21][23] and three-phase
age element [1][10]. The first description of a matrix converter
topologies [22], [24]. In applications where only voltage regu-
was published in 1976 by Gyugyi and Pelly [11]. In 1980,
lation is needed, the family of single-phase Z-source ac/ac con-
Venturini and Alesina presented the first algorithm capable of
verters proposed in [21][23] has a number of merits, such as
synthesizing output sinusoidal reference voltages from a bal-
providing a larger range of output voltages with the buckboost
anced three-phase voltage source connected to the converter
mode, reducing inrush, and harmonic current. However, no one
input terminals [12]. Recent research on matrix converters has
has designed a converter based on a Z-source structure and a
focused mainly on modulation schemes [1][6] and on ac drive
matrix converter topology that can provide ac/ac power con-
applications [7], [8]. Obviously, all published studies have dealt
version with both a variable output voltage and a step-changed
with three-phase circuit topologies. The first study of a single-
frequency. In this paper, we apply the Z-source concept to a
phase matrix converter was performed by Zuckerberger et al.
single-phase matrix converter to create a new type of converter
called a single-phase Z-source buckboost matrix converter. In
Manuscript received April 22, 2009; revised July 6, 2009. Current version
published February 12, 2010. Recommended for publication by Associate contrast to the existing single-phase PWM ac/ac converters, this
Editor F. Z. Peng. This work was supported by the Grant of the Korean proposed single-phase Z-source buckboost matrix converter
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (The Regional Core Re- can provide a wide range of output ac voltages in buckboost
search Program/Biohousing Research Institute) and in part by the Ministry
of Knowledge and Economy under the Manpower Development Program for mode with step-up/step-down frequencies. We show from oper-
Energy and Resource. This paper was presented in part at the 24th Annual ating principles, analyses, simulation, and experimental results
IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Washington, DC, that the proposed single-phase Z-source buckboost matrix con-
February 1519, 2009, Session 23, pp. 846850 (CD-ROM version).
M.-K. Nguyen and Y.-C. Lim are with the Department of Electrical En- verter can buck and boost voltages in step-up/step-down fre-
gineering, Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju 500-757, Korea (e-mail: quency operation. We use a safe-commutation technique that is
khaibk@yahoo.com; yclim@chonnam.ac.kr). very simple to implement as a free-wheeling path to provide the
Y.-G. Jung is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Daebul Univer-
sity, Chonnam 526-890, Korea (e-mail: jyg@mail.daebul.ac.kr). required free-wheeling operation similar to what is available in
Y.-M. Kim is with Celrun Inc., Seoul 138-801, Korea, and also with Trigem other converter topologies. The safe-commutation scheme es-
Computer Inc., Ansan 425-120, Korea (e-mail: kimgun@celrun.com). tablishes a continuous current path in dead time to eliminate
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. voltage spikes on switches without a snubber circuit. To ver-
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2028890 ify the operation of the proposed converter, we constructed a
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NGUYEN et al.: SINGLE-PHASE Z-SOURCE BUCKBOOST MATRIX CONVERTER 455
Fig. 3. Switching pattern of the proposed single-phase Z-source buckboost matrix converter for a 120-Hz output frequency in boost mode.
and S4a . In these switching patterns, the current path is always provides the switching sequences for the operations for output
continuous whatever the current direction. Thus, the voltage frequencies of 120, 60, and 30 Hz.
spikes are eliminated during switching and commutation pro-
cesses. The analysis for stages 2, 3, and 4 is similar to that for
stage 1. The dotted line in Fig. 4 indicates the safe-commutation III. CIRCUIT EQUATIONS
switch during each particular stage. The operations at the other Ignoring the effects of dead time, the single-phase Z-source
output frequencies of 60 and 30 Hz are performed by changing buckboost matrix converter has two operating states in one
the switching strategies. The operation for an output frequency switching period: state 1 and state 2, as shown in Fig. 4. As
of 60 Hz is implemented by omitting stage 2 and stage 3 and shown in Fig. 4(a), the time interval in state 1 is (1D)T, where
doubling the time intervals for stage 1 and stage 4. Similarly, D is the equivalent duty ratio and T is the switching period, as
the operation for an output frequency of 30 Hz is implemented shown in Fig. 2. Thus, we get (1), as shown at the bottom of the
by interchanging stage 2 and stage 3 and doubling the time in- next page.
tervals of all stages. In the operations for output frequencies of In state 2, as shown in Fig. 4(d), the time interval is DT. Thus,
60 and 30 Hz, the time interval of each stage is 8.33 ms. Table I we get (2), as shown at the bottom of the next page.
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456 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 25, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2010
Fig. 4. Stage 1 for the boost mode for a frequency of 120 Hz. (a) State 1. (b) Commutation state when iL 1 + iL 2 + io > 0 (c) Commutation state when
iL 1 iL 2 + io > 0 (d) State 2.
Then, from (1) and (2), we get the averaged equation (3), as Thus, we have
shown at the bottom of the next page.
1D 1D
In steady state, we get
vC 1 (t) = vC 2 (t) = vC i (t) = vi (t)
1 2D 1 2D
1D
0 0 0 0 0 0 iL 1 (t) 0 (5)
L1 ii (t) = iL 1 (t) = iL 2 (t) = io (t)
0 1 2D
L2 0 0 0 0 0 iL (t) 0
2
io (t) = vC 1 (t) = vC 2 (t) .
0 0 0 0 0 0 ii (t) 0
Li
d R R
0 0 0 C1 0 0 0 vC 1 (t) = 0 . (4)
0
dt Ignoring the effects of dead time and assuming that the in-
0 0 0 C2 0 0 vC (t) 0
2 ductor in the Z-network is very small and that there is no line-
0 0 0 0 0 Ci 0 vC i (t) 0
frequency drop across the inductor, the ac voltage across the
0 0 0 0 0 0 Lf io (t) 0 single-phase matrix converter va , as shown in Fig. 2, should
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0 iL 1 (t) 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 iL 1 (t) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 i (t) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
L2 iL 2 (t) 0
L2
0 0 Li 0 0 0 0 ii (t) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ii (t) vi (t)
d
0 0 0 0 0 0 vC 1 (t) = 0 1 0 0 0 0
C1 vC 1 (t) + 0 .
1 (1)
dt
0 0 0 0 C2 0 0 v (t) 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 vC 2 (t) 0
C2
0 0 0 0 0 Ci 0 vC i (t) 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 vC i (t) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 Lf io (t) 0 0 0 1 1 1 R io (t) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 iL 1 (t) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 iL 1 (t) 0
L1
0 0 0 0 0 0 iL (t) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
L2 iL 2 (t) 0
2
0 0 Li 0 0 0 0 ii (t) 0 0 0 0 0 0 ii (t) vi (t)
1
d
0 0 0 0 0 0 vC 1 (t) = 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
C1 vC 1 (t) + 0 . (2)
dt
0 0 0 0 C2 0 0 vC (t) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 vC 2 (t) 0
2
0 0 0 0 0 Ci 0 vC i (t) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 vC i (t) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 Lf io (t) 0 0 0 0 0 0 R io (t) 0
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NGUYEN et al.: SINGLE-PHASE Z-SOURCE BUCKBOOST MATRIX CONVERTER 457
TABLE I
SEQUENCE OF SWITCHING CONTROL FOR BOOST MODE
0 0 0 0 0 0 iL 1 (t)
L1
0 L2 0 0 0 0 0 iL (t)
2
0 0 Li 0 0 0 0 ii (t)
d
0 0 0 C1 0 0 0 vC 1 (t)
dt
0 0 0 0 C2 0 0 vC (t)
2
0 0 0 0 0 Ci 0 vC i (t)
0 0 0 0 0 0 Lf io (t)
0 0 0 1D 0 iL 1 (t) 0
D (1 D)
0 0 0 (1 D) D 1D 0 iL (t) 0
2
0 0 0 0 0 (1 2D) 0 ii (t) vi (t)
=
D 1D 0 0 0 0 vC 1 (t) + 0 .
(1 D) (3)
1D D 0 0 0 0 (1 D) vC 2 (t) 0
(1 D) (1 D) 1 0 0 0 1 D vC i (t) 0
0 0 0 1D 1D (1 D) R io (t) 0
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458 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 25, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2010
Fig. 5. Relationship between output voltage gain (K) and duty cycle (D).
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NGUYEN et al.: SINGLE-PHASE Z-SOURCE BUCKBOOST MATRIX CONVERTER 459
TABLE II
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS
Fig. 9. Photograph of the experimental system. Fig. 11. Experimental result at frequency of 120 Hz (top: v i (60 Hz) (100 V/
division); center: ii (5 A/division); bottom: v o (120 Hz) (100 V/division). Time:
4 ms/division.
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460 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 25, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2010
TABLE III
RMS OF OUTPUT VOLTAGE WITH STEP-CHANGED FREQUENCY
AND VARIABLE DUTY CYCLE
Fig. 14. Measured output voltage gain (K) versus duty cycle (D) at three
different output frequencies in boost mode.
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NGUYEN et al.: SINGLE-PHASE Z-SOURCE BUCKBOOST MATRIX CONVERTER 461
Fig. 15. Voltage waveforms of S3 b with D = 0.3 in boost mode. (a) Time scale: 4 ms/division. (b) Time scale: 10 s/division. (Top) V G E of S3 b (10 V/division).
(Bottom) V C E of S3 b (100 V/division).
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of three-level Z-source inverters, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, cer (CEO) at Celrun Inc., Seoul, Korea. Since 2007,
no. 5, pp. 22682277, Sep. 2008. he has been the Vice Chairman and the CEO at Trigem
[38] Y. Tang, S. Xie, C. Zhang, and Z. Xu, Improved Z-source inverter with Computer Inc., Ansan, Korea. His current research
reduced Z-source capacitor voltage stress and soft-start capability, IEEE interests include design of inverters for photovoltaic
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losses of matrix-Z-source converter, J. Power Electron., vol. 9, no. 2, media streaming service, and the electric home appliances. From 1993 to 1999,
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Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 16711681, Jul. 2009. industry in 2002 and 2008, respectively.
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