I.

Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was
designed to reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances
in order to reduce their abundance in the atmosphere, and thereby protect the
earths fragile ozone Layer. The original Montreal Protocol was agreed on 16
September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989.
The Montreal Protocol includes a unique adjustment provision that enables the
Parties to the Protocol to respond quickly to new scientific information and agree to
accelerate the reductions required on chemicals already covered by the Protocol.
These adjustments are then automatically applicable to all countries that ratified
the Protocol. Since its initial adoption, the Montreal Protocol has been adjusted six
times. Specifically, the Second, Fourth, Seventh, Ninth, Eleventh and Nineteenth
Meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted, in accordance with the
procedure laid down in paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the Montreal Protocol,
certain adjustments and reductions of production and consumption of the controlled
substances listed in the Annexes of the Protocol. These adjustments entered into
force, for all the Parties, on 7 March 1991, 23 September 1993, 5 August 1996, 4
June 1998, 28 July 2000 and 14 May 2008, respectively.
The Parties to the Montreal Protocol have amended the Protocol to enable, among
other things, the control of new chemicals and the creation of a financial
mechanism to enable developing countries to comply. Specifically, the Second,
Fourth, Ninth and Eleventh Meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
adopted, in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 4 of Article 9 of
the Vienna Convention, four Amendments to the Protocol the London
Amendment (1990), the Copenhagen Amendment (1992), the Montreal
Amendment (1997) and the Beijing Amendment(1999). Unlike adjustments to the
Protocol, amendments must be ratified by countries before their requirements are
applicable to those countries. The London, Copenhagen, Montreal and Beijing
Amendments entered into force on 10 August 1992, 14 June 1994 10 November
1999 and 25 February 2002 respectively, only for those Parties which ratified the
particular amendments.
In addition to adjustments and amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties to
the Protocol meet annually and take a variety of decisions aimed at enabling
effective implementation of this important legal instrument. Through the 22nd
Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties have taken over
720 decisions. The decisions adopted by the Parties are included in the reports of
the Meetings of the Parties and, along with other documents considered during the
meetings, can be accessed under the meetings' links.
 II. Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State
Parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensusthat
(a) global warming is occurring and (b) it is extremely likely that human-
made CO2 emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted
in Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997 and entered into force on February 16,
2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December
2012)[4] to the Protocol.
The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global
warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to "a level
that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"
(Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated
responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed
countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The Protocol's first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A
second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment
to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European
Union (and its 28 member
states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland,
and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw
from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round
targets.[8] Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round
but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other
developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew
from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the
Protocol). As of July 2016, 66[9] states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while
entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states. Of the 37 countries with
binding commitments, 7 have ratified.
Negotiations were held in the framework of the yearly UNFCCC Climate Change
Conferences on measures to be taken after the second commitment period ends in
2020. This resulted in the 2015 adoption of the Paris Agreement, which is a
separate instrument under the UNFCCC rather than an amendment of the Kyoto
protocol.

III. Stockholm Convention

In 1995, the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) called for global action to be taken on POPs, which it defined as
"chemical substances that persist in the environment, bio-accumulate through
the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the
environment".
Following this, the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS) and
the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) prepared an assessment of
the 12 worst offenders, known as the dirty dozen.
The INC met five times between June 1998 and December 2000 to elaborate the
convention, and delegates adopted the Stockholm Convention on POPs at the
Conference of the Plenipotentiaries convened from 2223 May 2001 in Stockholm,
Sweden.
The negotiations for the Convention were completed on 23 May 2001 in Stockholm.
The convention entered into force on 17 May 2004 with ratification by an initial 128
parties and 151 signatories. Co-signatories agree to outlaw nine of the dirty dozen
chemicals, limit the use of DDTto malaria control, and curtail inadvertent production
of dioxins and furans.
Parties to the convention have agreed to a process by which persistent toxic
compounds can be reviewed and added to the convention, if they meet certain
criteria for persistence and transboundary threat. The first set of new chemicals to
be added to the Convention were agreed at a conference in Geneva on 8 May 2009.
As of April 2017, there are 181 parties to the Convention, (180 states and
the European Union). Notable non-ratifying states include the United States, Israel,
Malaysia, and Italy.
The Stockholm Convention was adopted to EU legislation in REGULATION (EC) No
850/2004.

IV. Viennna Convention

The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage is a 1963 treaty
that governs issues of liability in cases of nuclear accident. It was concluded
at Vienna on 21 May 1963 and entered into force on 12 November 1977. The
convention has been amended by a 1997 protocol. The depository is
the International Atomic Energy Agency.
As of February 2014, the convention has been ratified by 40
states. Colombia, Israel, Morocco, Spain, and the United Kingdom have signed the
convention but have not ratified it. Slovenia has denounced the treaty and
withdrawn from it.

V. Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement (French: Accord de Paris), Paris climate accord or Paris
climate agreement, is an agreement within the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions
mitigation, adaptationand finance starting in the year 2020. The language of the
agreement was negotiated by representatives of 196 parties at the 21st Conference
of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris and adopted by consensus on 12 December
2015.[3][4] As of August 2017, 195 UNFCCC members have signed the agreement,
160 of which have ratified it.[1]
In the Paris Agreement, each country determines, plans and regularly reports its
own contribution it should make in order to mitigate global warming.[5] There is no
mechanism to force[6] a country to set a specific target by a specific date,[7] but
each target should go beyond previously set targets.
In 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump announced his intention to withdraw the
United States from the agreement, causing widespread condemnation in
the European Union and many sectors in the United States. Under the agreement,
the earliest effective date of withdrawal for the U.S. is November 2020.
In July 2017, Frances environment minister Nicolas Hulot announced Frances five-
year plan to ban all petrol and diesel vehicles by 2040 as part of the Paris
Agreement. Hulot also stated that France would no longer use coal to produce
electricity after 2022 and that up to 4bn will be invested in boosting energy
efficiency.
Technological Institute of the Philippines
#363 P. Casal St.Quiapo, Manila

Assignment # 1 (Finals)

CHEM 002/ES21FB2
Sat/10:30am 1:30pm
Submitted by:
Alinsoot, Neil Christian N.
Submitted to:
Engr. Chavez
September 9, 2017
Technological Institute of the Philippines
#363 P. Casal St.Quiapo, Manila

Assignment # 2 (Finals)

CHEM 002/ES21FB2
Sat/10:30am 1:30pm
Submitted by:
Alinsoot, Neil Christian N.
Submitted to:
Engr. Chavez
September 9, 2017
I. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Gina Lopez)
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources is
the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for
governing and supervising the exploration, development, utilization, and
conservation of the country's natural resources.

II. Laguna Lake Development Authority (Jaime "Joey" C. Medina)

The Philippines' Laguna Lake Development Authority abbreviated
as LLDA is one of the attached agencies of the Philippines'Department of
Environment and Natural Resources responsible in the preservation,
development and sustainability of the Laguna de Bay and its 21 major
tributary rivers.The Laguna Lake Development Authority was created
by Republic Act No. 4850 (as amended by Presidential Decree 813),
entitled: AN ACT CREATING THE LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY, PRESCRIBING ITS POWERS, FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES,
PROVIDING FUNDS THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

III. PAGASA (Vicente B. Malano)

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
(NMHS) agency of the Republic of the Philippines mandated to provide
protection against natural calamities and to insure the safety, well-being
and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion of national
progress by undertaking scientific and technological services
in meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomyand other geophysical
sciences. Created on December 8, 1972 by reorganizing the Weather
Bureau, PAGASA now serves as one of the Scientific and Technological
Services Institutes of the Department of Science and Technology.

IV. NDRRMC (Usec. Ricardo Jalad)

The National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management
Council (NDRRMC), formerly known as the National Disaster Coordinating
Council (NDCC), is a working group of various government, non-
government, civil sector and private sector organizations of the
Government of the Republic of the Philippines established by Republic Act
10121 of 2010.[2] It is administered by the Office of Civil Defense under
the Department of National Defense. The Council is responsible for
ensuring the protection and welfare of the people
during disasters or emergencies. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council plans and leads the guiding activities in the field of
communication, warning signals, emergency, transportation, evacuation,
rescue, engineering, health and rehabilitation, public education and
auxiliary services such as fire fighting and the police in the country.
 The Council utilizes the UN Cluster Approach in disaster management.[3] It
is the country's focal for the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management
and Emergency Response (AADMER) and many other related international
commitments.

V. Climate Change Commission (Emmanuel "Manny" M. de Guzman)

The Philippine Climate Change Commission is an independent and
autonomous body that has the same status as a national agency and is
attached to the Office of the President. It was established by Republic Act
(RA) 9729 or the Philippine Climate Change Act of 2009, which was
signed into law on 23 October 2009. Among its tasks are the formulation
and implementation of plans for the country to better prepare for and
respond to natural disasters.

VI. Project NOAH (Dr. Mahar Lagmay)

Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) is
the Philippines' primary disaster risk reduction and managementprogram.
It was initially administered by the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) from 2012 to 2017, but is now managed by
the University of the Philippines. Project NOAH was a response to
President Benigno Aquino III's call on a better disaster prevention and
mitigation system in the Philippines in the aftermath of the
destructive Tropical Storm Sendong in December 2011. It was publicly
launched by President Aquino, project head Mahar Lagmay, and other
government officials in Marikina on July 6, 2012. The program combines
science and technology for disaster risk reduction and management. It is
also a responsive program that aims to provide a 6-hour lead-time
warning to agencies involved in disaster prevention and mitigation. The
project also uses advanced technologies to enhance current geo-hazard
vulnerability maps. It is also being developed with the help of the National
Institute of Geological Sciences and the College of Engineering of
the University of the Philippines; the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical
and Astronomical Services Administration(PAGASA); the Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS); the Advanced
Science and Technology Institute (ASTI), and the Science and Technology
Information Institute (STII). The project is now composed of twenty-one
institutions from the local and private sectors, including media and
telecommunication companies.