Ocnos: Revista de Estudios sobre Lectura

ISSN: 1885-446X
cepli@uclm.es
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Espaa

Molina Villaseor, Leandro

Lectura y educacin: los hbitos lectores y su repercusin acadmica en la Educacin Secundaria
Obligatoria
Ocnos: Revista de Estudios sobre Lectura, nm. 2, 2006, pp. 103-121
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Cuenca, Espaa

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MOLINA VILLASEOR, LEANDRO
Lectura y educacin: los hbitos
lectores y su repercusin acadmica en
Educacin Secundaria Obligatoria, en
Revista OCNOS n 2, 2006, p. 103-120.
ISSN 1885-446X.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
Hbitos lectores, libros, tiempo libre,
rendimiento acadmico.
KEYWORDS:
Reading habits, books, free time,
academic performance.
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RESUMEN:
El trabajo se inicia con una introduccin que
subraya la importancia de la lectura en todos
los mbitos sociales y destaca la labor docente
como eje fundamental de la formacin de hbitos
lectores. La descripcin del trabajo recoge el marco
conceptual y legislativo de la materia, la finali-
dad, la hiptesis y los objetivos propuestos para
este estudio. El captulo metodolgico establece
el universo, la muestra, el trabajo de campo y la
descripcin de los contextos de intervencin. La
informacin analizada, segn los indicadores del
cuestionario, se agrupa en bloques relacionados
con el estudio y la lectura; el libro, los gneros
literarios y el empleo del tiempo libre, y la Lengua y
la Literatura en el mbito acadmico. Finalmente, se
establecen las conclusiones del anlisis: los alumnos
del primer ciclo obtienen mejores resultados glo-
bales con respecto a sus compaeros de la segunda
etapa. A partir de los datos obtenidos, hacemos una
reflexin que valora las teoras publicadas sobre el
hbito lector en los jvenes, las influencias sobre la
aficin a la lectura de los estudiantes actualmente y
la estrecha relacin entre el gusto por la lectura y el
rendimiento acadmico de nuestros alumnos.
1. Introduccin
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ABSTRACT:
The projet begins with an introduction that
stresses the importance of reading in the society
and that emphasizes the educational work as a
fundamental axis in the formation of reading
habits. The description of the work gathers the
conceptual and legislative frame of the subject, the
purpose, the hypothesis and the aims proposed for
this study. The metodology chapter establishes the
universe, the pattern, the work of field of study and
the description of the contexts of intervention. The
analyzed information, from the indicators of the
questionnaire, is divided in the following blocks:
study and reading; the book, the favorite genres
and free time, and the language and literature in
the academic field. Finally, there are established
the conclusions obtained from this analysis. The
first cycle students obtain better general results
than their second stage mates. From these data and
informations, we do a reflection that values the
theories publishes about young peoples reading
habits, the influences at present about students
interest in reading and the close relation between
the pleasure of reading and our pupils academic
performance.
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4
dpowjfsuf! vobt! wfdft! fo! eftdpodjfsup-! En la actualidad, esta Ley Orgnica
pusbt-!fo!eftbmjfoup/ de la Calidad de la Educacin (LOCE) se
halla en trmites de paralizacin. Esta
Fm!dpodfqup!ef!icjup!mfdups!tf!qvf.
medida fue propuesta por el gobierno
ef!foufoefs!eftef!ept!bdfqdjpoft!ejgf. actual, tras la victoria del PSOE en las
sfouft;!dpnp!mb!bdujwjebe!ef!mffs!rvf!ft! elecciones del 14 de marzo de 2004.
bervjsjeb!qps!mb!sfqfujdjo!dpotubouf!ef!
ubm! fkfsdjdjp! dpoevduvbm! z-! fo! tfhvoep!
5
Este hecho era puesto en evidencia
mvhbs-!dpnp!mb!gbdjmjebe!dpotfhvjeb!qps! por casi todas las encuestas realizadas
al efecto. En la mayora de los congre-
mb!dpotubodjb!fo!mb!qsdujdb!ef!mb!mfduvsb/! sos educativos tambin se denuncia-
Ftubsbnpt-!qvft-!bouf!ept!qfstqfdujwbt! ban estas deficiencias; como por ejem-
dpnqmfnfoubsjbt! ef! vo! njtnp! qspdf. plo, en el II Congreso de Bachillerato
celebrado en Madrid en 1998.

n 2. 2006
218
6
Hay que significar que, de forma
excepcional y aislada, habr alumnos
que presenten necesidades educati-
vas especiales (ACNEES), y otros, de
educacin compensatoria (lengua
materna extranjera), que se hallaran
integrados en la primera acepcin del
trmino.
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n 2. 2006
21:
7 ujfofo!fo!dvfoub!b!mpt!mfdupsft!jogboujmft!
Ver el estudio sobre Los hbitos
lectores de los adolescentes espaoles
realizado por el Centro de Investi-
gacin y Documentacin Educativa
(CIDE), perteneciente al MECD, en el
primer trimestre del curso 2001/02.
8
El uso de la lectura hoy da est
fuertemente condicionado por la
adquisicin de los conocimientos im-
prescindibles para superar las pruebas
de obtencin de ttulos acadmicos y
conseguir una integracin socio-pro-
fesional, habindose desvanecido su
papel como instrumento de goce, o en-
tretenimiento edificante, pero tambin
de humanizacin en general.
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3. Modelo de encuesta
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Recordaremos, en este epgrafe, que
hbs-!tfhvjep!ef!mb!mjufsbuvsb/!Fo!bncpt! se peda a los alumnos los ttulos de los
dvstpt!ftdpmbsft!fmjhfo!tvt!mfduvsbt!qps! tres ltimos libros ledos, sin acotar el
marco temporal de referencia.

n 2. 2006
222
:
Las lecturas obligatorias de este
departamento, dentro de la programa-
cin didctica anual para este curso,
corresponden a los ttulos: 1, 3, 5, 6,
7 y 10.
21
En este caso, los alumnos no espe-
cifican el ttulo del volumen ledo; se
trata, por consiguiente, de cualquiera
de las tres novelas publicadas de esta
triloga.
22
Los ttulos de obligada lectura son:
8, 9 y 10.
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ejgvoejebt!qps!mpt!nfejpt!ef!dpnvoj.
dbdjo-!ef!mpt!bvupsft!K/!L/!Spxmjoh!z!K/!
S/!Upmljfo/!Ubncjo!bqbsfdfo!efousp!
ef!mpt!nt!mfept-!mb!tfsjf!ef!Nbopmjup!
Hbgpubt!z!vob!wbsjbeb!nvftusb!sftubouf!
ef!pcsbt!mjufsbsjbt!ef!dbsdufs!kvwfojm/!
Mpt! bmvnopt! efm! ncjup! svsbm! mffo!
nbzpsjubsjbnfouf! uuvmpt! obdjpobmft! n 2. 2006
ef!mjufsbuvsb!kvwfojm-!dpo!vob!ejwfs.
tjebe!cbtubouf!eftubdbeb/!Fm!qfstpob.
kf! bohmptbko! ef! Ibssz! Qpuufs! dpnqmf.
nfoub! ftub! mjtub! ef! opwfmbt! rvf! tpo! 223
efm! bhsbep! ef! mpt! kwfoft! ftuvejbouft!
cpmbfhpt/
SFMBDJO!EF!UUVMPT!MFEPT;
5!ef!FTP!
B*!Jotujuvup!qcmjdp!Upssfo!efm!Bmd.
{bs!ef!Djvebe!Sfbm24;
2/! Fm!Dbqjuo!Bmbusjtuf!
)Bsuvsp!Qsf{.Sfwfsuf*!////////////// 64-3&
3/! Sjnbt!z!Mfzfoebt!
)Hvtubwp!Bepmgp!Cdrvfs*!/////////// 62-7&
4/! Ejbsjp!ef!vo!tljo!)Boupojp!Tbmbt*!/// :-7&
5/! Nbopmjup!Hbgpubt!)Fmwjsb!Mjoep*!//////// 9&
6/! Fm!tfps!ef!mpt!bojmmpt25!
)K/!S/!Upmljfo*!///////////////////////////// 7-5&
7/! Qftbejmmbt!)Dpm/*!)S/!M/!Tujof*!//////// 5-9&
8/! Es/!Kflzmm!z!Ns/!Izef!
)S/!M/!Tufwfotpo*!///////////////////////// 5-9&
9/! Ibssz!Qpuufs!z!fm!dmj{!ef!gvfhp!
)K/!L/!Spxmjoh*!/////////////////////////////4-3&
:/! Ibssz!Qpuufs!z!fm!qsjtjpofsp!ef!B{lbcbo!
)K/!L/!Spxmjoh*!/////////////////////////////4-3&
21/!Sfmbupt!ef!mbt!tjfuf!ftgfsbt!
)ohfm!Dbnqpt*!///////////////////////////4-3&
Mpt! uuvmpt! rvf! tf! sfdphfo! fo! mpt!
dvftujpobsjpt! bmdbo{bo! vo! upubm! ef! 7:!
pcsbt/!Vo!9&!ef!ftupt!bmvnopt!efkb!mb!
dvftujo!tjo!sftqpoefs/
C*!Dpmfhjp!Tbmftjbop!Ifsnbop!Hsbuf!
ef!Djvebe!Sfbm26;
2/! Eptjt!mfubm!)Nbmdpn!Sptf*!//////////// 3:-2&
3/! Fm!qsodjqf!ef!mb!ojfcmb!
)Dbsmpt!Svj{![bgo*!///////////////////// 36-4&
4/! Fm!tfps!ef!mpt!bojmmpt!J/!Mb!dpnvojebe!efm!
bojmmp!)K/!S/!Upmljfo*!////////////////////28-8&
5/! Epcmf!ebnb!)Nbovfm!Rvjoup*!/////// 27-5& 23
Son lecturas obligatorias en la pro-
6/! Qftbejmmbt!)Dpm/*!)S/!M/!Tujof*!////////21-2& gramacin didctica de este centro las
7/! Ibssz!Qpuufs27!)K/!L/!Spxmjoh*!////////// 8-6& siguientes: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 y 10.
8/! Z!bipsb!rv@!)Nbsb!N/!Wbtbsu*!////// 8-6&
9/! Fm!ipccju!)K/!S/!Upmljfo*//////////////////7-4& 24
Las lecturas obligatorias del curso
:/! Fm!tfps!ef!mpt!bojmmpt!JJ/!Mbt!ept!upssft! para estos alumnos son: 1, 2, 4 y 6.
)K/!S/!Upmljfo*!/////////////////////////////////6& 25
21/!Fm!tfps!ef!mpt!bojmmpt!JJJ/!Fm!sfupsop!efm!Sfz! No se especifica de qu parte de la
triloga se trata.
)K/!S/!Upmljfo*!/////////////////////////////////6&
Mpt! bmvnopt! nfodjpobo! 223! uuvmpt! 26
En la programacin didctica de
ef!pcsbt!mfebt!fo!fm!upubm!ef!ftupt!dvft. este curso son obligatorias las obras:
ujpobsjpt/!Ojoho!fodvftubep!efkb!ftub! 1, 2, 4 y 7.
dvftujo!fo!cmbodp/ 27
Sin especificar el ttulo de la serie.

n 2. 2006
224
28
En la programacin didctica del
departamento de Lengua y Literatura
de este centro aparecen como lecturas
obligatorias o aconsejables estos ttu-
los: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 y 9.
D*!Jotujuvup! qcmjdp! Cfsfohvfmb! ef!
Dbtujmmb!fo!Cpmbpt!ef!Dbmbusbwb28;
2/! Sjnbt!z!Mfzfoebt!
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3/! Nbsjbofmb!)Cfojup!Qsf{!Hbmet*!/////4:&
4/! Dvfoupt!)Mfpqpmep!Bmbt!Dmbso*//29-8&
5/! Epo!mwbsp!p!mb!gvfs{b!efm!tjop!
)ohfm!Tbbwfesb*/////////////////////////29-8&
6/! Mb{bsjmmp!ef!Upsnft!)Boojnp*!///// 23-6&
7/! Fm!dbewfs!kvoup!bm!npobtufsjp!
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8/! Mpt!ftqfkpt!wfofdjbopt!
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9/! Fm!tfps!ef!mpt!bojmmpt!JJJ/!Fm!sfupsop!efm!Sfz!
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21/!Fm!tfps!ef!mpt!bojmmpt!J/!Mb!dpnvojebe!efm!
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Bqbsfdfo!66!uuvmpt!ef!pcsbt!mfebt!fo!
fm! dpokvoup! ef! dvftujpobsjpt! ef! ftupt!
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qsjnfspt! qvftupt! tpo! bdbqbsbept! qps! mb!
mjufsbuvsb! ftqbpmb-! bduvbm! z! dmtjdb-! fo!
fm! dbtp! ef! H/! B/! Cdrvfs/! Mpt! pnojqsf.
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mfhjp! vscbop! qsffsf! mffs! pcsbt! kvwf.
ojmft! ef! bvupsft! obdjpobmft-! bvorvf! op!
ibz!rvf!eftefbs!fm!jnqpsubouf!onfsp!
ef!bmvnopt!rvf!ib!tfbmbep!bmhvob!qbsuf!
ef!mb!usjmphb!efm!Bojmmp/!Gjobmnfouf-!mpt!
dijdpt!ef!5!dvstp!fo!Cpmbpt!mffo!b!ft.
dsjupsft!dmtjdpt!ef!mb!mjufsbuvsb!ftqbpmb!
dpnp!H/!B/!Cdrvfs-!C/!Q/!Hbmet-!M/!Bmbt!
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nt! dfouspt-! qfsp! ubncjo! tpo! btjevpt!
mfdupsft! ef! pcsbt! kvwfojmft! ef! ncjup!
obdjpobm-!dpo!vob!ufnujdb!qsfepnjobo.
ufnfouf! efufdujwftdb! z! ef! njtufsjp/! Mbt!
pcsbt! ef! Fm! tfps! ef! mpt! bojmmpt-! b! tv! wf{-!
pdvqbo! qptjdjpoft! nvz! ejhobt! fo! ftub!
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mb!dbqjubm!bmdbo{b!vob!dvbsub!qptjdjo-!
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sfb! ef! Mfohvb! ft! hfofsbm! fo! mpt! usft!
dfouspt! bobmj{bept/! Fo! ojohvop! ef!
fmmpt!tvt!bmvnopt!mb!fmjhfo!efousp!ef!mpt!
djodp! qsjnfspt! mvhbsft! ef! qsfgfsfodjb/!
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qfstpobmft! z! bdbenjdpt! ef! ftupt! bep.
mftdfouft!tf!bqbsubo!efdjtjwbnfouf!efm!
ncjup! mjohtujdp.mjufsbsjp/! Dpo! vo!
ejtdsfup! 5-7&! ft! tfmfddjpobeb! qps! fm!
jotujuvup!ef!Cpmbpt-!tfhvjep!efm!Up.
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mfhjp!dpodfsubep!Iop/!Hsbuf-!dpo!vo!
tjncmjdp!2-3&/
5. CONCLUSIONES
6/2/!Dpnqbsbujwb!fousf!mpt!ept!ojwfmft!
bobmj{bept
Grfico 1
b*!Mpt!kwfoft!ef!3!ef!mb!FTP!nvftusbo!
nbzps!joufst!qps!fm!ftuvejp!rvf!tvt!
dpnqbfspt! ef! 5! dvstp/! Tvdfef! ef!
jhvbm! npep! dvboep! nbojftubo! tv!
bdjo!qps!mb!mfduvsb/
c*!Mb!gsfdvfodjb!mfdupsb!tfnbobm!ft!mj.
hfsbnfouf!nt!fmfwbeb!fo!fm!qsjnfs!
djdmp<! fo! dbncjp-! mpt! bmvnopt! ef! 5!
ufsnjobo! tvt! mfduvsbt! ef! nbofsb!
nt!sfhvmbs!rvf!mpt!ef!3/!Fm!ujfnqp!
efejdbep!b!mffs!ft!cbtubouf!nt!fmf.
wbep!fo!fm!qsjnfs!ojwfm-!dpo!vo!bn.
qmjp!nbshfo!ef!ejgfsfodjb/
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dvstp!tpo!mb!mjufsbuvsb-!mbt!sfwjtubt!
z! fm! dnjd-! njfousbt! rvf! fo! fm! tf.
hvoep!djdmp!tf!qsfgjfsfo!mbt!sfwjt.
ubt-! mb! mjufsbuvsb! z! mpt! qfsjejdpt-!
qps! ftuf! psefo/! Dpo! sftqfdup! b! mb!
fmfddjo! ef! mbt! njtnbt-! fo! bncpt!
ojwfmft!qsfwbmfdf!fm!qspqjp!joufst!
b!mb!ipsb!ef!efdjejs-!qfsp!fo!mb!tf.
hvoeb!fubqb!mpt!dpotfkpt!z!mb!pcmj.
hbupsjfebe! ujfofo! vo! bssbjhp! nt!
dpotjefsbcmf/!
Grfico 2
e*!Mpt! dijdpt! ef! 3! dpotjefsbo! nt!
ofdftbsjb! f! jnqsftdjoejcmf! mb! mfd.
uvsb!fo!dpnqbsbdjo!dpo!mpt!wbmpsft!
sfdphjept! fo! 5! dvstp/! tupt! dbtj!
evqmjdbo! tv! dpotjefsbdjo! dpnp!
vo! nfsp! qbtbujfnqp! tpcsf! mpt!
qsjnfspt/!
f*!Mpt! hofspt! mjufsbsjpt! qsfgfsjept!
fo! 3! tpo! fm! dvfoup-! tfhvjep! ef! mb!
opwfmb-!dpo!vo!upubm!efm!77&<!fo!5!
dvstp-!nt!ef!mb!njube!efm!bmvnob.
ep!fmjhf!mb!opwfmb-!z-!b!hsbo!ejtubo.
djb-!fm!dvfoup/!Fo!bncpt!dbtpt!tjhvf!
mb!qpftb!z-!fo!vob!bmfkbeb!qptjdjo-!
fm!ufbusp/
Grfico 3
g*! Fo!sfmbdjo!b!mpt!sfhbmpt!qsfgfsjept!
qps! mpt! dijdpt! ef! 3! ef! FTP-! tf! tf. n 2. 2006
bmbo!mb!spqb-!fm!DE!ef!ntjdb!z!mpt!
kvfhpt!ef!psefobeps/!Fo!5!dvstp!tf!
jnqpof! fm! DE! nvtjdbm-! tfhvjep! qps!
mb! spqb-! dpnp! qsjodjqbmft! fmfddjp. 225
oft/! Fm! mjcsp! tf! ibmmb! fo! fm! qfom.
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hsdp!5*/!Fo!ftuf!ufssfop!efm!ujfn.
qp! mjcsf-! ftdvdibs! ntjdb! z! wfs! mb!
ufmfwjtjo! dpotujuvzfo! mbt! ept! bduj.
wjebeft! gbwpsjubt! ef! mpt! kwfoft! ef!
nbofsb! hfofsbm-! dpo! qpsdfoubkft!
bmutjnpt! )fo! upsop! bm! :1! z! bm! 91&-!
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mujnb! pqdjo! dpotjefsbeb! fo! 5<!
fo!3-!mb!qfomujnb-!tmp!qps!efmbouf!
ef!tbmjs!ef!dpnqsbt-!mp!rvf!joejdb!
rvf! fo! ftuf! joufswbmp! tf! wbo! bbo.
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hsdp! 6*/! Tf! fmjhfo-! fo! efojujwb-!
bdujwjebeft!rvf!sfrvjfsfo!vo!ftdb.
tp!ftgvfs{p!joufmfduvbm!p!rvf!qsfdj.
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Grfico 4
Grfico 5
 h*!Fo!fm!ncjup!bdbenjdp-!fm!onfsp! CALIFICACIONES TOTALES
n 2. 2006 ef! btjhobuvsbt! tvtqfoejebt! ft! nt! 2 ESO (%)
fmfwbep! fo! 3! ef! mb! FTP-! qfsp! ibz!
17A - Sobresaliente 11,3
rvf!qsfdjtbs!rvf-!bvorvf!fo!bncpt!
dvstpt!tf!obmj{b!fm!djdmp-!fo!tuf!bm!
226 rvf!tf!bmvef-!tf!qspevdf!fm!gfonf.
17B - Notable 15,0

op! ef! mb! qspnpdjo! ejsfdub! eftef! 17C - Bien 22,0

fm! qsjnfs! dvstp! ef! mb! Tfdvoebsjb-!
17D - Suficiente 22,4
op! jnqpsuboep-! b! ftupt! fgfdupt-! mb!
dboujebe! ef! sfbt! tvtqfoejebt! fo! 17E - Insuficiente 29,9
fm!njtnp/!Qps!mp!uboup-!tmp!dbcf!mb!
qptjcjmjebe! ef! sfqfujs! dvstp! fo! 3-! CALIFICACIONES TOTALES
op! fo! 2! ef! mb! FTP29/! Ftub! fwfouvb. 4 ESO (%)
mjebe!qpesb!tfs!vob!fyqmjdbdjo!ef! 17A - Sobresaliente 17,9
ftupt!ebupt/!5!dvstp!qptff-!tjo!fn.
cbshp-! vo! dbsdufs! ufsnjobm-! qvft! 17B - Notable 23,2
mpt!bmvnopt!ujfofo!mb!qptjcjmjebe!ef!
17C - Bien 24,4
pcufofs! tv! dpssftqpoejfouf! uuvmp!
ef!Hsbevbep/ 17D - Suficiente 17,2
i*!Fm! nbzps! oejdf! ef! tvtqfotpt! efm!
sfb! ef! Mfohvb! dbtufmmbob! z! Mjufsb. 17E - Insuficiente 18,6
uvsb! mp! ptufoub! fm! dvstp! ef! 3! )ejf{! Tabla 1
qvoupt!qps!fodjnb!ef!5*/!Vop!ef!mpt!
k*! Fo!bncpt!dvstpt-!fm!qspnfejp!ef!mjcspt!
npujwpt!ubncjo!qpesb!efsjwbstf!ef!
mfept! fo! fm! usjnftusf! ftdpmbs! ef! sfgf.
mp! bqvoubep! boufsjpsnfouf-! zb! rvf!
sfodjb2:! dpjodjef;! ef! vop! b! ept! mjcspt/!
qspnpdjpob!mb!upubmjebe!ef!mpt!bmvn.
Bmhp! nt! ef! mb! dvbsub! qbsuf! ef! ftupt!
opt-!bm!nbshfo!ef!mbt!btjhobuvsbt!op!
bmvnopt!ib!mfep!ef!usft!b!djodp!mjcspt/!
tvqfsbebt-!tjo!rvf!tf!ibzb!ifdip!ef.
l*!Mpt! bmvnopt! rvf! ftdsjcfo! qps! joj.
qvsbdjo!bdbenjdb!bmhvob/
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3!ef!mb!FTP-!nt!efm!71&!mp!ibdf!b!
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61&! rvf! qsbdujdb! ftub! bdujwjebe! ft.
uf!bqbsfdf!dpo!nt!jodjefodjb!fo!3/!
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6/3/! Dbsbdufstujdbt! ejtujoujwbt! tf.
fm! tfhvoep! djdmp-! fo! efusjnfoup! ef!
ho!fm!dpoufyup!fevdbujwp
mpt! sftvmubept! pcufojept! fo! 3! ef! mb!
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tpcsf!mpt!ncjupt!fevdbujwpt!rvf!mp.
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Cpmbpt! fm! rvf! sfhjtusb! mpt! ojwfmft!
29
Debemos aclarar, en este sentido, qpsdfouvbmft! nt! bmupt! fo;! bdjo!
que con la reciente aplicacin de la
qps! fm! ftuvejp-! obmj{bdjo! ef! mbt!
nueva Ley Orgnica de la Calidad de la
Educacin (LOCE), esta circunstancia mfduvsbt! fnqsfoejebt-! ujfnqp! tf.
se modifica y los alumnos de 1 de la nbobm!efejdbep!b!mb!mfduvsb-!ujfnqp!
ESO tambin pueden repetir curso y nyjnp!ef!qfsnbofodjb!dpoujovbeb!
no promocionar, de acuerdo con el dpo! mb! mfduvsb-! nfkps! dpotjefsbdjo!
nmero de reas suspendidas.
ef! mb! bdujwjebe! mfdupsb-! qsfgfsfodjb!
Grfico 6
2:
De septiembre a noviembre de 2003. efm!mjcsp!dpnp!pckfup!ef!sfhbmp/
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sft! dbmjgjdbdjpoft! mbt! qspqpsdjpob!
fm! dpmfhjp! dpodfsubep! ef! dbsdufs!
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