GramPostitiveCocci

Name Morphology/orgi Metabolis characteristics Pathogenesis treatment

n m
Staph. Skinsalt Ferment Normalflora Furunclesand Difficult,most
tolerant sugars carbuncles strainsareresistant
Upperresp Catalase+ Impetigo,folliculitis topenicillin
GI TSS,pneumonia,
osteomyelitis,catheter
andshunt.Wound
infection,MRSA
Aureus Goldenpigment
Coagulase+
Has4Exotoxins:4
hemolysins,TSStoxin,
Entertoxinand
Exotoxin
epidermidis opportunistic Coagulase
Strep inchains Richmedia Hemolysispatterns:
forgrowth partialwith
greenishpattern
completelysis
withcleararea
nolysisofblood
cells
lactic nonpathogenic

milkproducts
fecal Normalfloraof UTI Havevancomyosin
intestine Opportunistic Endocarditis resistantstrainnow

Viridans Normalfloraof Toothdecay
mouthandresp. endocarditis
tract
 Mproteinfiberoncell pharyngitis Diagnosiswithblood
hemolytic surface impetigo agarplatesandits
pyogenes hyaluronicacid cellulitis sensitiveto
capsule st.anthonysfire bacitracin
pyrogenicexotoixin scarletfever
postrheumaticfever
glomerulonephritis
Normalfloraof Transientcolonization Meningitis,pneumonia
hemolytic femalegenital andsepsisinfirstweek
agalactiae tract oflife
Normalflora Majorvirulencefactor Infectionifinvasive Quellingreaction
hemolytic Antigenic straingoesintolungs Polyvalentvaccine
pneumonia hemolytic Meningitis andconjugate
vaccine

GramNegativeDiplococci

Name Morph/origi Characteristics Pathogenesis treament
n
Neisseria Gram Oxidasepositive
fastidious
gonorrhoeae Virulence:pili Malethroughunprotected Diagnosisoxidase
Secreated sexurethrapainful test
protease urinationanddischarge Cannotuse
Membrane Female:unprotectedsex, penicillinbut
proteins usauallyasymptomatic, tetracyclinwith
painfulurinationand otherthings
discharge.Cervixorrectum Prophylaxisfor
affected.CanresultinPIDor newborns
transfertochildblindness
Meningitidis Virulence Onlyinhumans Culturebodyfluids
polysaccharide Healthycarrierscommon andeliminate
capsule Meningitis carriers,penicillin
Endotoxin Meningococcemia
 Secreated Waterhousefriderichsen
protease syndrome





GramPositiveEndosporeformingRods
Name Morph/origin Pathogenesis Diagnosis Prevention/treatment
Clostridium Anaerobic
Perfrinogens metabolism foodpoisoningbyAdiarrhea, Eggyolkagar, Cookfoodto
Foundinsoil cramping anaerobicfeatures cannedin
andwater Chemorrhagicenteritis pressureand
Gasgangreneexotoxinthat hightempfor
destroysmusclesandproduces 10mins
gas
Botulinum 7neurotoxins,thatblock Injectmicewith Cookfoodathigh
cholinergicr/cthatresultin serumfrompatientor pressureandheatfor10
flaccidparalysis food,micewilldiein minstokillspores
hoursifpresent
tetani Neurotoxinblocksinhibitory Toxoidweaktoxin
impulsetomuscleresultsin vaccine
spasm
Blocksinhibitoryimpulses
leadingtolockjawand
opisthotonosarchingofthe
back
difficile Pseudomembranousecolitis DISCONTINUE
Severeinfectionofthecolonand ANTIBIOTICS
almostallnormalgutflorais Givemetronidazoleand
gonebyuseofantibiotics vancomycin
Moststrainsareresistantto Loperamideandbismuth
antibiotics arecontraindicated
Bacillus Aerobic
Anthracis metabolism Cutaneousanthraxwoolsorters Postexposure
Bamboo disease,commonasendospore prophylaxiswith
pattern entersacut antiiotics
Gastrointestinaluncommon Preexposurevaccine
fromuncookedorcontaminated
meat
Inhalationsporestoalveoli,
exsporulateandreleasetoxins
causingdeath
Cereus Foodpoisoningtype1diarrhea
Type2vomiting

GramPositiveNONendosporeformingrods
Name Morph/origin Pathogenesis Diagnosis/treatment/prevention
Corynebacteriu Humansareprimary Colonizethroatandcause Schicktest
mdiptheriae reservoir swellingformswhitish Antitoxin
Sourcesarecarriers, membraneofclottedblood, ImmunizationDPT
peoplewhohavethe epithelialcellsandleukocytes
infection,active toxincancausenervedamageto
diseaseand eyesm.andsoftpalate
contaminatedarticles membranecanbecomelooseand
choketheperson
Toxincangettobloodstreamand
resultindistantdamageto
kidneysandhearts
Listeria Motilejustbelow Ingestedbycontaminatedfood
monocyogenes bodytemp Immunocompromisedpeopleand
Cangrowatrefrig. pregwomanareathighrisk
Temp! Neonatesareatriskmeningitis,
hemolytic miscarriage
produceendotoxin

GramnegativeRodsTheENTERICS

Name Characteristics Pathogenesis/Sx Diagnosis/Treament

Choliforms Facultativeanaerobes
Gram
Nonendosporeforming
Rodshaped
FermentLACTOSE
Normalfloraofgut
E.choli Opportunisticpathogen Septicemia,UTI,meningitis, Greenmetallicsheenon
DNAtransferthrough gastroenteritis EMBagar
transposon,lysogenic=lots Enterotoxin(ETEC):travelers
ofvariaton diarrhea
Enterinvasive(EIEC):invades
intestinalwalls,main
virulencefactorisencodedon
plasmidsharedbyshigella
andecolithatproducesa
shigellaliketoxin
Enteropathogenic(EPEC):
adherestocellsratherthan
invading,adhesisnonplasmid
causelossofhostmicrovilli=
nonbloodydiarrhea
Enterohemorrhagic(EHEC):
0157:H7,produceverotoxin
whichblocksacellular
 proteinthatpreventscell
fromenteringapoptosis.
Severeabdominalpainand
grossbloodydiarrhea
Klebsiella Capsuleantigens Secondmostcommoncauseofsepsis
pneumonia inhospitals
UTIinpatientswithcatheters
Infantinsepticemia
Enterobacter Mostcommonspeciesis UTI
aeruginosa
Serratia DOESNOTFERMENT Commonopportunisticpathogenof
LACTOSE endocarditis,pneumonia,bacteremia
Redpigment
Proteus DOESNOTFERMENT
LACTOSE
Opportunisticpathogen
Swarmsoveragarasitis
verymotile
Uniqueureaseenzymethat
breaksdownureatoproduce
acherryred
Salmonella NOTPARTOFNORMAL
FLORA
DOESNOTFERMENT
LACTOSE

typhi Enteritis Lowinfectivedoserequired takebodyfluids,doesnot
Humanreservoirfromoral Starts13weeksafterexposure fermentlactose,
fecaltransmission Invadesintestinalcellslymph determineserotype
Canharboringallbladder nodesmultiplesystems Treatment
Abdominalpain,weakness Canbeparasitestophagocytes= chlororamphenicol,cipro,
andhighfever facultativeintracellularparasite ampicillin,
Faintrosecoloredspots IVfluids,electrolytes,
Removegallbladder
 vaccination
Gastroenteritis Mostcommontypeof Possessbothendotoxinand Fluidsandelectrolytes
infection enterotoxin(choleralikecausing Antibioticsdonothelp
Animalresevoirsandhuman waterydiarrhea) Onlylastaweek
Undercookedeggs
Shigella NOTPARTOFNORMAL Transmissionisoraltofecal SSagartodistinguish
FLORAAlwayspathogenic Noeasilykilledbystomachacidso fromsalmonella
DOESNOTFERMENT lowdoseneededtoinfectyou
LACTOSE Producepotententerotoxinwhich
4speciesmostpathogenicis killsepithelialcellsbutrarely
dysenteriae invadesbloodstream
humansareonlyresevoir Severeinflammatorybloody
diarrhea
Shigatoxincancausehemolytic
uremicsyndromefatal

PleomorphicGramRods,bipolarstaining

Name Characteristics Pathogenesis Diagnosis/Treatment

Yersinia Motile
Partofenterobacteria
family
pestis Bubonicplague Fleabiteshumanmacrophageengulf Controlratsand
transferredfromfleasto bacteriaandlymphnodesswell antibiotics
ratsandthentopeople (buboes)becomenecroticwhich
Sylvaticplaguefound allowbacteriatoenterblood
inthewoods septicemicplaguewithdeathvery
Zoonosisanimal likely
diseasethatcanbe ifitgetstolungsimmediatelyitsfatal
transmittedtohumans indays
enterocolitica Fecaloraltransmission
Heatstableleadsto
severegastroenteritis

Name Characteristics Pathogenesis Diagnosis/treament
Vibrocholerae CurvedGramrod killedbyacidsoneedlarge Sewagetreatment
Singlepolarflagellathatvibrates numbers Goodfoodhygiene
Olipopolysaccharideconfer mostlyasymptomatic Fluidreplacement
serologicspecificity incubationperiod14days
adheretocellwalls
producecholeragenincreasesthe
productionofcAMPwhichcauses
continuousexcretionofNaandCl
leadingtodehydration
Campylobacter Spiralshaped Majorcauseofgastroenteritis Selflimiting
Unipolarorbipolarflagella
helicobacter Spiralshaped leadingcauseofulcers
2nd Antibioticsandbismuth
Unipolarsheathedflagella producesureasetocreatealkaline
microenvironmenttosurvive
gastricacid

ObligateAnaerobeGram
Name Characteristics Pathogenesis Diagnosis/treament
Bacteroidesfragilis Rodshaped Opportunisticpathogen
NORMALFLORA(99%) thatmaycause
Mouth,intenstineand perforatedbowelor
genitals abscessesinfemales
Nocapsule
Noendotoxin
fusobacterium Longrodswithtapered Opportunisticpathogen
ends causingaspirating
Normalflora pneumonia

ObligateAerobeGram

Name Characteristics Pathogenesis Diagnosis/treament

Pseudomonas Producesbluegreen Epitomeofopportunistic Limited
Aeruginosa pigmentsmellssweet pathogen Preventionclean
Highlymotile Problematicforburn
Makesslimelayer victims,cysticfibrosisor
Piliforexchange immunocompromised
Endotoxin patients
Exotoxin
leukocidins