MAPEH REVIEWER FOR 2ND QUARTER EXAM
Instruments- Flute (Bangsi), Jews Harp(Subing), Lute (Gitigit)
Music of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and the Visayas
A. Cordillera Located in Northern Luzon. It has a mountainous
topography and dubbed as the "Watershed Cradle of North
Luzon" as it hosts major rivers that provide continuous water for
irrigation and energy for Northern Luzon
Igorot people Ifugao, Apayao, Bontok, Ibaloy, Kalinga,
Tingguian,
Instruments- Bamboo Stamping tubes(tongatong), Bamboo
pipes In a row (saggeypo), Bamboo buzzers (bungkaka), Bamboo
Jews Harp (Kubing), Patteteg (bamboo leg xylophone), Gongs (
Gangsa toppaya, gangsa palook)
Vocal Music:
Life Cycle Music Birth to Childhood ( Owiwi)- lullabye of Kalinga that
relate a childs life (Dagdagay)- song of Kalinga that foretells the babys
future. (Oppiya)- kalinga song, sung while cradling
Love, Courtship and Marriage (Chag-ay)- an expression of secret love
of Bontoc. (Oggayan)- greeting and advice to newly weds of Kalinga.
Death Rite Music ( Didiyaw)- song to a dead child of Bontoc
(Sangsangit)- a dirge of Isneg.
Work or Occupational Song ( Sowe-ey)- Rice pounding song of Bontoc.
(Dakuyon)- kalinga song for hunting bats.
(Dinaweg)- Ilongot song for catching wild boar. (Owayat)- song for
gathering firewood of Ilongot. (Chey-assa)- Bontoc rice pounding song
sung in a groups.
Ceremonial Music (Kapya)- song of Bontoc for curing ceremonies.
(Angba)- song of Bontoc for curing ceremonies.
(Dawak)- song of Ilongot for curing ceremonies.
Entertainment Song (Hudhud) epic song of Ifugao, a leader chorus
style. (Alim)- leader chorus style of music of Ifugao where to groups of
singers reply to 2 make leaders. (Dang Dang-ay)- Kalinga entertainment
song
Hudhud- chanted epic poetry consisting of poems about heroism, honor,
love and revenge. It is a long tale sung during special occasions. This
particular long tale is sung during harvest. A favorite topic of the hudhud is
a folk hero named Aliguyon, a brave warrior.
Social Functions: Music for Worship and Rituals,Work
(Planting), Sleep, Courtship
B.Mindoro- located in Southwest of Luzon. It got its name from the
Spaniards calling the place as Mina de Oro (meaning "gold mine
or Lots of Gold")
Mangyan group of people
Oriental Mindoro North Mangyan group Iraya, Tadyawan,
Alangan
South Mangyan group- Batangan, Buhid, Hanunoo
Vocal Music : Igway( Song), Marayaw (Spirit Song),
Pamuybuyen ( legend meaning fear of water),
(Ambahan)- chanted poem
Gongs (Agong) Sticks (Kalutang)
C.Palawan- Batak, Tagbanua, Palawan or Palawano, Palawenos
Vocal music- Bagit, Kulial (songs), tultul (epic chant) Ulit
(shamanic chant)
Instruments- Aruding ( Jews harp), barabak( ring flute), suling(
banded flute), basal(gong), Kusyapiq(Lute),pagang(bamboo
zither)
Palawans music is closely linked with nature and the expression
of which is highly influenced by language with the use of
anomatopoeia or the imitation of natural sounds.
D.Visayas-(Cebu, Bohol, Negros, Leyte)
Vocal Music:
Balitaw- Visayan folksong
The balitaw is the song traditionally associated with the Visayas region in
the same way the kundiman and kumintang are associated with ancient
Tagalog music.The music of the balitaw is usually written in 3/4 time. It is
also danced to. The traditional instrument used to accompany the balitaw
was a three-string coconut-shell guitar; later, a harp was adopted as the
instrument of choice because more chords could be played on it. When
performed today in modern rendition, a five-string guitar is used.The
balitaw is a debate or dialogue song in which a young woman and a young
man compete to see who is better at improvising romantic verses.
Banggi- Ilonggo folksong
Pastores- Christmas songs
Kanta- ballad songs,lullaby songs, courtship songs
Composo- Ilonggo narrative song
Instrumental Music:
Rondalla-ensemble of stringed instruments
Tultogan- Tultugan is an indigenous Ilonggo bamboo drum used centuries
ago by the natives of Panay to communicate with each other. The drum
was used by the natives to send messages of distress to the community by
making fast beats.In Maasin, Iloilo, a Tultogan Festival is held every 4th
week of December. The fiesta traces the Maasianon cultural heritage and
pays tribute to the bamboo as a musical instrument.
Band
Harp- is a stringed musical instrument which has a number of individual
strings running at an angle to its soundboard, which are plucked with the
fingers.
kudyapi a two-stringed lute
korlong, a kind of zither made of a single node of bamboo with strings cut
from the skin of the bamboo itself
Tolali or lantuy - a nose flute
Subing- a Jews harp
Bodyong - a conch shell or section of bamboo played against the lips like a
bugle,
Kalatong-tambourine
gadang or gimbal- war drum
Tibongbong- a node of bamboo pounded on the floor as a rhythm
instrument.
Agong- gong
Linganay-little jingle bells
Compositions:
Composo (Ilonggo)
Tayuyon (Panay Bukidnon)
Social Functions
Work songs, Drinking songs, Lullaby, Love songs, Music for Worship,
Music for Dance
Vocal music balitao(visayan)/Banggi(Ilonggo) (sung debate)
Pastores (Christmas) Kanta (Ballad, lullaby, courtship) ,Composo
(ilonggo narrative song)
Instrumental music rondalla, tultogan, Binanog
Composition- Bird Dance Binanog (Panay Bukidnon)
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ART
The elements of art are the "building blocks" of art. This is the
vocabulary we use to describe works of art.
The Elements of Art
Line- is a mark with greater length than width. Lines can be horizontal,
vertical, or diagonal; straight or curved; thick or thin.
Shape is a closed line. Shapes can be geometric, like squares and circles;
or organic, like free-form or natural shapes. Shapes are flat and can
express length and width.
Forms- are three-dimensional shapes expressing length, width, and
depth. Balls, cylinders, boxes, and pyramids are forms.
Space- is the area between and around objects. The space around
objects is often called negative space; negative space has shape. Space
can also refer to the feeling of depth. Real space is three-dimensional; in
visual art, when we create the feeling or illusion of depth, we call it
space.
Color- is light reflected off of objects. Color has three main
characteristics: hue (the name of the color, such as red, green, blue,
etc.), value (how light or dark it is), and intensity (how bright or dull it
isTexture- is the surface quality that can be seen and felt. Textures can
be rough or smooth, soft or hard. Textures do not always feel the way
they look; for example, a drawing of a porcupine may look prickly, but if
you touch the drawing, the paper is still smooth.
Principles of Art
The Principles of Art is what we use to organize the Elements of Art, or
the tools to make art.
1.B A L A N C E -The way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of
stability in a work.
Symmetrical Balance The parts of an image are organized so that one side
mirrors the other. Leonardo DaVinci Asymmetrical Balance When one side
of a composition does not reflect the design of the other. James Whistler
2.RHYTHM and MOVEMENT A regular repetition of elements to produce
the look and feel of movement.
3.EMPHASIS The focal point of an image, or when one area or thing stand
out the most
4.UNITY When all the elements and principles work together to create a
pleasing image. Johannes Vermeer
5.V A R I E T Y The use of differences and change to increase the visual
interest of the work. Marc Chagall
6.P R O P O R T I O N The comparative relationship of one part to another
with respect to size, quantity, or degree;
7.HARMONY. The principle of design that combines elements in a work of
art to emphasize the similarities of separate but related parts.
hue.
Folk Arts from MIMAROPA
Mindoro-known for their baskets and bags with using designs such as
animals, people and nature
Marinduque- known for their Moriones Festival, ceramics and pottery
Romblon-known for their marble products. Romblon is the Marble
Country of the Philippines
Palawan-known for fabric weaving, making artifacts and souvenirs with
ethnic designs, manunggul jar
Folk Arts from Visayas
Panay Island (Iloilo, Antique, Aklan, Capiz, Guimaras)
The name Panay Island was given by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. Panay
means there is food in Spanish.
Iloilo is known for its patadyong, a wrap-around piece of cloth worn
by women, kapis shell
Aklan is known basketry weaving, trays and mats, kapis shell
Negros Island- is called Buglas, after the type of grass similar to sugar
cane.
Bacolod is known for Maskara Festival, pinya weaving
Valencia is known for sinamay weaving
Cebu City is known by nicknames such as Queen City of the South,
City of Fashion and Designs, ASEAN
City of Culture/ASEAN cultural City.It is the furniture capital of the
Philippines.
Samar and Leyte known for their Kasadyaan Festival.
Samar is also known for its hand woven banig made from tikog
grass.
Bohol is known for Chocolate Hills and the animal called tarsier.
Siquijor is know for its beaches and diving spots.
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PE
ARNIS
also called "kali" or "escrima," is a form of martial arts that formed in the
Philippines, although the specific date of origin is unknown. Arnis involves
the use of force and bladed-edge weapons, including daggers, swords, source of energy. If it is not converted into glucose right away, it is stored
rattans and kampilans, along with spears and other combat weapons. Its in the liver and muscles as glycogen. When you need more energy,
founder is Remy Amador Presas. glycogen is converted back to glucose.
Fiber-helps move waste through the digestive system. It is found in tough
Fundamental Skills in Arnis: parts of vegetable, fruits and whole grains.
1. Handa Sodium- replaces lost salt in the body due to perspiration. It is found in
2. Pugay vegetables, cereals,meat, dried fruits.
3. Handa sa Paglaban/Fighting Stance Calcium- needed for strong bones.
4. Forward Stance
5. Backward Stance Food Pyramid Guide

Striking Techniques in Arnis:

ST 1: Left side of the head attack

ST 2: Right side of the head attack Malnutrition-lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat,
ST 3: Left side of the body/trunk attack not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that
ST 4: Right side of the body/trunk attack one does eat.
ST 5: Thrust to the solar plexus (stomach) attack
ST 6: Left chest stab Reasons why adolescents in the Philippines are undernourished:
ST 7: Right chest stab
ST 8: Left lower leg strike Poor eating practices/habits Poor food choices and intakes often
ST 9: Right lower leg strike
influenced by peers and the media Becoming conscious of the kinds and
ST 10: Left eye poke
ST 11: Right eye poke amounts of food they eat (i.e. females tend to eat less because of fear of
ST 12: Crown attack becoming fat) School canteens and cafeterias serving less nutritious foods
(i.e. chips, carbonated beverages and artificial fruit juices) Not fond of
Blocking Techniques drinking milk,which is a good source of nutrients Low intake of iron and
vitamin C-rich foods resulting in iron deficiency
1.Inward
2.Outward
Here are some reminders for eating right:
3.Rising
4. Downward inward
Always consider the Food Guide Pyramid Decide on the serving you
5.Downward outward
need Follow good eating habits Make healthy food choices Be careful
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******** The Philippine Food Fortification Act of 2000 seeks to address the
HEALTH micronutrient deficiencies in the country. Republic Act 8976 mandates the
fortification of rice, flour, refined sugar, and cooking oil. It urges
Nutritional Needs of Adolescents manufacturers of processed food to fortify their products under the
Sangkap Pinoy program. Fortification of staple foods is one of the most
Calories-or kilocalories are units of heat that measure the energy used by
cost-effective ways of addressing malnutrition. It will supplement the
the body and the energy that food supply to the body.
insufficient diet of the common people. Rice has been fortified with iron,
Nutrients- substances in found in food that your body needs to grow,
repair itself and supply you with energy. zinc, and beta-carotene varieties.
Iron- important for proper functioning of cells and resistance to infections.
It can be found in meat. Serious problems of malnutrition:
Protein- is needed for growth and body development. It can be found in
meat, fish, poultry,eggs, milk, cheese, soybean. Slow growth and development Poor school performance Sluggishness
Carbohydrate- energy-giving food such as bread, cereal, rice, pasta. It is and fatigue Poor nutrition in adulthood Delay in the onset of secondary
converted by the body to glucose, a simple sugar that is the bodys main sex characteristics

Micronutrient Deficienciesare diseases caused by deficiency of

vitamins or minerals in the diet.

The most common micronutrient deficiencies are

-Vitamin A deficiency- causes night blindness and, and later on,

permanent blindness (xerophthalmia). The child suffering from VAD
does not reach optimum physical growth and is prone to infections,
that contributes to the high rates of sickness and death among young
children. Vitamin A-rich foods, such as animal products, and orange
and yellow fruits and vegetables, dark green leafy vegetables, and
palm oil can prevent Vitamin A deficiency.

- Iron deficiency anaemia- Anemia is a condition in which the red

blood cell count or hemoglobin is less than normal.
It results in retarded physical growth, low resistance to infections and
slow development of learning abilities. In adults it causes fatigue and
reduced work capacity and may cause reproductive impairment. Foods
such as dark green leafy vegetables, legumes and red meat are rich in iron,
as are iron-fortified food products.

-Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) results from lack of iodine in the diet. can
lead to enlargement of the thyroid or goiter, hypothyroidism and to
mental retardation in infants and children whose mothers lacked iodine
when they were pregnant. Iodine rich foods are Breads Iodized table
salt Cheese Saltwater fish Cows milk Seaweed Eggs Shellfish Frozen yogurt
Soy milk Ice cream Soy sauce . IDD is the most common cause of
preventable mental retardation. In severe cases it can lead to deaf-
mutism, cretinism and other serious disorders, as well as reproductive
impairment, which results in miscarriage, stillbirth and birth defects.

Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa-is an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed

starvation leading to excessive weight loss. It is an extreme fear of
becoming stout and a distorted view of their body size and shape.

Bulimia- is a disorder in which the clearing of digestive tract follows cycles

of overeating. People with this disorder are too concerned with weight.
They will eat large quantity of food in a short period of time. After eating,
they will take laxatives to rid the body of the food to avoid gaining weight.
They may induce vomiting, abuse laxatives or diuretics, and go on dieting,
or do excessive exercises.

Binge eating disorder-Those with a binge eating problem eat large

amounts of food on a regular basis. They eat quickly or most often do
something while eating, like playing computer games, watching TV,
reading books, doing homework, and others. They dont stop eating even
if they are already full. This results in being overweight or even obese
because of so many calories they have taken, which is more than what the
body can use.