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Bank of Commerce vs. Marilyn Nite, G.R. No. 211535, July 22, 2015
CORPO
REQUISITES TO PIERCE THE VEIL OF CORPORATE FICTION 
: Tohold a director or officer personally liable for corporate obligations,two requisites must concur: (1) complainant must allege in thecomplaint that the director or officer assented to patently unlawful actsof the corporation, or that the officer was guilty of gross negligenceor bad faith; and (2) complainant must clearly and convincingly  prove such unlawful acts, negligence or bad faith To hold a director  personally liable for debts of the corporation, and thus pierce the veil of corporate fiction, the bad faith or wrongdoing of the director must be established clearly and convincingly !t is settled that thetransaction between "ancom and "ancap is an ordinary sale
ULTRAVIRES ACTS ARE NOT ALWAYS UNLAWFUL:
 !n addition, weconsider the testimony of #agrimas $uqui, the #egal %fficer in &hargeof the 'overnment ecurities epartment of the "ang*o entral ng +ilipinas from 1- to 1., who e/plained that primary issues of treasury bills are supposed to be issued only to accredited dealers but these accredited ban*s can sell to anyone who need not beaccredited, and such buyers, who may be corporations or individuals,are classified as the secondary mar*et The trial court and the &ourt of  0ppeals found that "ancap sold the treasury bills as a secondary dealer 0s such, "ancaps act of selling securities to "ancom is at most ultra vires and not patently unlawful
FACTS:
Reson!ent "as c#ar$e!, to$et#er "it# one Bra!ley an! %scalam&re,"it# violation of 'ection 1( of Batas )am&ansa Bilan$ 1*+. Nite "asalso c#ar$e!, to$et#er "it# Bra!ley, %scalam&re, an! an$, "it#%stafa. -#e t"o cases "ere trie! ointly. -#e rosecution/s ar$ument "as t#at Nite, as )resi!ent of Bancaitaleveloment Cororation Banca, violate! 'ection 1( of B) Bl$. 1*+"#en Bancasol! )250 million "ort# of treasury &ills to Bank of Commerce Bancom "it#out &ein$ re$istere! as &roker, !ealer, or salesman of securities. -#e rosecution also alle$e! t#at Nite!efrau!e! Bancom &y falsely reten!in$ to ossess an! o"n )250million "ort# of treasury &ills t#at Banca suose!ly sol! to Bancom"#en none of t#e treasury &ills !escri&e! in t#e Confirmation of 'alean! etter of 4n!ertakin$ issue! &y Banca "ere ever !elivere! toBancom. n -rial, t#e court rule! t#at t#e rosecution "as not a&le toesta&lis# t#at Banca acte! as a rimary !ealer t#at nee!e! to &eaccre!ite!. 6ccor!in$ to t#e trial court, Banca acte! as a secon!ary!ealer an! !i! not &uy t#e treasury &ills !irectly from t#e Central Bank.-#e trial court rule! t#at t#e element of !eceit "as non7e8istent an!t#at at t#e time of t#e transaction, Bancom "as a"are t#at Banca"as not in #ysical ossession of t#e treasury &ills su&ect of t#e sale.9ence, Nite "as 6C:4;--%of &ot# c#ar$es ma!e. 9o"ever, s#e"as or!ere! to ay B6N< = CMM%RC% reresentin$ t#e civilo&li$ation of B6NC6);-6. Nite file! a artial motion foreconsi!eration "#ic# "as later $rante!. >#en it "as t#e rosecution/s turn to file a motion for reconsi!eration,it alle$es t#at t#e trial court erre! in a&solvin$ Nite of #er civil lia&ility toBancom. -#e rosecution alle$e! t#at t#e trial court erre! in notiercin$ t#e cororate veil of Banca "#en it "as a!e?uately s#o"nt#at Nite use! t#e comany to eretuate frau! an! to eva!e ane8istin$ o&li$ation. Nevert#eless, t#e sai! motion "as !enie! for lackof merit.n 6eal, it affirme! t#e -C@s ecision. 9ence, Bancom file! aetition for revie" &efore t#is Court.
ISSUE:
>AN t#e Court of 6eals erre! in not iercin$ t#e cororateveil of Banca even t#ou$# t#e same "as &ein$ use! to eretuatefrau!.
RULING:
>e !eny t#e etition.-#e $eneral rule is t#at a cororation is investe! &y la" "it# aersonality searate an! !istinct from t#at of t#e ersons comosin$ it,or from any ot#er le$al entity t#at it may &e relate! to.
12
 -#e o&li$ationsof a cororation, actin$ t#rou$# its !irectors, officers, an! emloyees,are its o"n sole lia&ilities.
13
 -#erefore, t#e cororation/s !irectors,officers, or emloyees are $enerally not ersonally lia&le for t#eo&li$ations of t#e cororation.
1
c#anro&lesla"-o #ol! a !irector or officer ersonally lia&le for cororate o&li$ations,t"o re?uisites must concur1 comlainant must alle$e in t#ecomlaint t#at t#e !irector or officer assente! to atently unla"ful actsof t#e cororation, or t#at t#e officer "as $uilty of $ross ne$li$ence or &a! fait#D an! 2 comlainant must clearly an! convincin$ly rovesuc# unla"ful acts, ne$li$ence or &a! fait#.
15
 -o #ol! a !irector ersonally lia&le for !e&ts of t#e cororation, an! t#us ierce t#e veil of cororate fiction, t#e &a! fait# or "ron$!oin$ of t#e !irector must &eesta&lis#e! clearly an! convincin$ly.
1E
c#anro&lesla"-#e court consi!ere! t#e testimony of a$rimas Nu?ui, t#e e$alfficer in C#ar$e of t#e Government 'ecurities eartment of t#eBan$ko 'entral n$ )iliinas from 1(( to 1((+, "#o e8laine! t#atrimary issues of treasury &ills are suose! to &e issue! only toaccre!ite! !ealers &ut t#ese accre!ite! &anks can sell to anyone "#onee! not &e accre!ite!, an! suc# &uyers, "#o may &e cororations or in!ivi!uals, are classifie! as t#e secon!ary market. -#e trial court an!t#e Court of 6eals foun! t#at Banca sol! t#e treasury &ills as asecon!ary !ealer.
1*
 6s suc#, Banca/s act of sellin$ securities toBancom is at most ultra vires an! not atently unla"ful.Base! on t#e fore$oin$, "e cannot #ol! Nite ersonally lia&le for Banca/s cororate lia&ility.
WHEREFORE,
 "e
DENY
 t#e etition.
JAMES YU and WILSON YOUNG, petitione!, "! THE NATIONALLA#OR RELATIONS COMMISSION, LA#OR AR#ITER DANIEL C$CUETO, TANDUAY DISTILLERY INC$, FERNANDO DURAN,EDUARDO PALIWAN, RO%UE ESTOCE AND RODRIGO SANTOS,e!pondent!$G$R$ No!$ &&&'&()&&J*ne &+, &-FACTS:
)rivate reson!ents7emloyees =ernan!o uran, %!uar!o)ali"an, Ro?ue %stoce, an! Ro!ri$o 'antos "ere emloyees of reson!ent cororation -an!uay istillery, ;nc, -; "#o "ere amon$t#e 22 emloyees "#o receive! a memoran!um from -; terminatin$t#eir services. for reasons of retrenc#ment, effective 30 !ays fromreceit t#ereof or not later t#an t#e close of &usiness #ours on 6ril 2+,1(++.-#e 22 emloyees file! a -R #o"ever, !ue to t#e 207!ay lifetime of t#e temorary restrainin$ or!er, an! &ecause of t#e on7$oin$ne$otiations for t#e sale of -; t#e retrenc#ment us#e! t#rou$#. utof t#e 22 emloyees "#o "ere retrenc#e!, t#e instant etition involvesonly t#e  in!ivi!ual reson!ents #erein.n June 1, 1(++, or after reson!ents7emloyees #a! cease! as suc#emloyees, a ne" &uyer of -;/s assets, -"in 6ce 9ol!in$s, ;nc. tookover t#e &usiness. -"in 6ce assume! t#e &usiness name -an!uayistillers..n 6u$ust +, 1(++, t#e emloyees file! a motion to imlea! #ereinetitioners James u an! >ilson oun$, !oin$ &usiness un!er t#ename an! style of -an!uay istillers, as arty reson!ents in sai!cases. )etitioners file! an oosition t#ereto, assertin$ t#at t#ey arereresentatives of -an!uay istillers an entity !istinct an! searatefrom -;, t#e revious o"ner, an! t#at t#ere is no emloyer7emloyeerelations#i&et"een -an!uay istillers an! rivate reson!ents.Reson!ents7emloyees file! a rely to t#e oosition statin$ t#atetitioner James u as officer7in7c#ar$e of -an!uay istillers #a!informe! t#e resi!ent of -; la&or union of -an!uay istillers/!ecision to #ire every&o!y "it# a clean slate on a ro&ation &asis.
On Ma. /0, &', t1e La2o a2ite endeed a de3i!ion de34ain5t1e eten316ent i44e5a4 and odein5 t1e e!pondent Tand*a.Di!ti44e., In3$, to ein!tate t1e 3o6p4ainant! to t1ei 7o6e po!ition 8t1 2a398a5e! *p to t1e ti6e o7 31an5e o7 o8ne!1ip, i7 one 1a! ta9en p4a3e$ And T1at in t1e e"ent o7 31an5e in6ana5e6ent it ;Tand*a. Di!ti44e., In3$,< i! 1ee2. odeed to pa.t1e 3o6p4ainant! t1ei e!pe3ti"e !epaation 2ene7it! 3o6p*tedat t1e ate o7 one ;&< 6ont1 7o e"e. .ea o7 !e"i3e$ T1i! i!8it1o*t pe=*di3e to t1e 4ette o7 M$ Ja6e! Y* a! o77i3e)in)31a5eo7 Tand*a. Di!ti44e! dated J*ne &>, &'' to t1e Pe!ident o7 t1eTand*a. Di!ti44e., In3$, La2o Union$
-#ereuon, rivate reson!ents7emloyees on 'etem&er 1E, 1((1file! a motion for e8ecution rayin$ t#at NRC t#rou$# t#e la&or ar&iter, FiHssue t#e necessary "rit for t#e e8ecution of t#e entire!ecision !ate! May 2, 1(+(, inclu!in$ t#e actual reinstatement of t#ecomlainants to t#eir former osition "it#out loss of seniority an!
 
&enefits a$ainst -an!uay istillery, ;nc., an!Aor -an!uay istillers,James u an! >ilson oun$.F -#is "as oose! &y t#e etitioners ont#e $roun! t#at
?t1e Motion 7o E@e3*tion i! 8it1o*t an. 2a!i! in!o 7a a! it pa.! 7o t1e i!!*an3e o7 a 8it o7 e@e3*tion a5ain!te!pondent Tand*a. Di!ti44e!, 81i31 i! an entit. !epaate anddi!tin3t 7o6 e!pondent Tand*a. Di!ti44e., In3$, and e!pondent!Ja6e! Y* and Wi4!on Yo*n5$?
;''4% >#et#er or not t#e reson!ent NRC committe! $rave a&useof !iscretion in #ol!in$ etitioners u an! oun$ lia&le un!er t#e!ecision !ate! May 2, 1(+(.9% es.
Petitioners, for a nu!er of reasons "#i$# "e s#a%% &is$uss !e%o", a' not !e #e%& ans"era!%e an& %ia!%e un&er t#efina% (u&)ent of La!or Ar!iter Cauton*+ar$e%ona
1.
An e@a6ination o7 t1e a7oe*oted di!po!iti"e potion o7 t1ede3i!ion !1o8! t1at t1e !a6e doe! not in an. 6anne o24i5ateTand*a. Di!ti44e!, o e"en petitione! Y* and Yo*n5 7o t1at6atte, to ein!tate e!pondent!$ On4. TDI 8a! 1e4d 4ia24e toein!tate e!pondent! *p to t1e ti6e o7 31an5e o7 o8ne!1ip, and7o !epaation 2ene7it!$
9o"ever, a&or 6r&iter Cueto "ent &eyon! "#at "as !isose! &y t#e!ecision an! issue! an or!er !ate! Novem&er 1*, 1((2 "#ic#re?uire!F. . . -an!uay istillers, ;nc., >ilson oun$ an! James u toimme!iately reinstate comlainants =ernan!o uran, Ro!ri$o 'antos,Ro?ue %stoce an! %!uar!o ali"an to #eir resective ositions.F -#eor!er of e8ecution !ate! Novem&er 1*, 1((2 in effect amen!e! t#e!ecision !ate! May 2, 1(+( for t#e former or!ers etitioners an!-an!uay istillers to reinstate rivate reson!ents emloyees "#ereast#e !ecision !ate! May 2, 1(+(, as "e #ave !iscusse! a&ove, !oesnot so !ecree, -#is cannot &e !one. ;t is &eyon! t#e o"er an!cometence of a&or 6r&iter Cueto to amen! a final !ecision, -#e "ritof e8ecution must not $o &eyon! t#e scoe of t#e u!$ment.2.
Neit1e 6a. 2e !aid t1at petitione! and Tand*a. Di!ti44e! aeone and t1e !a6e a! TDI, a! !ee6! to 2e t1e i6pe!!ion o7 e!pondent! 81en t1e. i6p4eaded petitione! a! pat.e!pondent! in t1ei 3o6p4iant 7o *n7ai 4a2o pa3ti3e, i44e5a4 4a.o77, and !epaation 2ene7it!$
'uc# a stance is not suorte! &y t#e facts. -#e name of t#e comanyfor "#om t#e etitioners are "orkin$ is -"in 6ce 9ol!in$s Cororation, 6s state! &y t#e 'olicitor General, -"in 6ce is art of t#e 6llie! BankGrou alt#ou$# it con!ucts t#e rum &usiness un!er t#e name of -an!uay istillers. -#e use of a similar soun!in$ or almost i!enticalname is an o&vious !evice to caitaliIe on t#e $oo!"ill "#ic# -an!uayRum #as &uilt over t#e years. -"in 6ce or -an!uay istillers, on one#an!, an! -an!uay istillery ;nc. -;, on t#e ot#er, are !istinct an!searate cororations. -#ere is not#in$ to su$$est t#at t#e o"ners of -;, #ave any common relations#i as to i!entify it "it# 6llie! BankGrou "#ic# runs -an!uay istillers.;t is &asic t#at a cororation is investe! &y la" "it# a ersonalitysearate an! !istinct from t#ose of t#e ersons comosin$ it as "ell asfrom t#at of any ot#er le$al entity to "#ic# it may &e relate! )alay, ;nc.et al. vs. Clave, et al., 12 'CR6 E1 1(+3H.-#e $enuine nature of t#e sale to -"in 6ce is evi!ence! &y t#e factt#at -"in 6ce "as only a su&se?uent intereste! &uyer. 6t t#e time"#en termination notices "ere sent to its emloyees, -; "asne$otiatin$ "it# t#e =irst )acific Metro Cororation for t#e sale of itsassets. nly after =irst )acific $ave u its efforts to ac?uire t#e assets!i! -"in 6ce or -an!uay istillers come into t#e icture. Reson!ents7emloyees #ave not resente! any roof as to communality of o"ners#i an! mana$ement to suort t#eir contention t#at t#e t"ocomanies are one firm or closely relate!. -#e !octrine of iercin$ t#eveil of cororate entity alies "#en t#e cororate fiction is use! to!efeat u&lic convenience, ustify "ron$, rotect frau!, or !efen! crimeor "#ere a cororation is t#e mere alter e$o or &usiness con!uit of aerson ;n!o#il -e8tile Mill >orkers 4nion vs. Calica, 205 'CR6 E(*,*03 1((2H. -o !isre$ar! t#e searate uri!ical ersonality of acororation, t#e "ron$7!oin$ must &e clearly an! convincin$lyesta&lis#e!. ;t cannot &e resume! el Rosario vs. NRC, 1+* 'CR6***, *+0( 1((0H. 6not#er factor to consi!er is t#at
TDI a! a 3opoation o it! !1ae!o7 !to39 8ee not p*31a!ed 2. T8in A3e$
-#e &uyer limite! itself tourc#asin$ most of t#e assets, e?uiment, an! mac#inery of -;.-#us, -"in 6ce or -an!uay istillers !i! not take over t#e cororateersonality of -; alt#ou$# t#ey manufacture t#e same ro!uct at t#esame lant "it# t#e same e?uiment an! mac#inery. &viously, t#etra!e name F-an!uayF "ent "it# t#e sale &ecause t#e ne" firm !oes&usiness as -an!uay istillers an! its main ro!uct of rum is sol! as-an!uay Rum. -#ere is no s#o"in$, #o"ever, t#at -; itself "asa&sor&e! &y -"in 6ce or t#at it cease! to e8ist as a searatecororation, ;n oint of fact -; is no" #erein a arty reson!entreresente! &y its o"n counsel.7 t#e fiction of searate an! !istinct cororate entities cannot, in t#einstant case, &e !isre$ar!e! an! &rus#e! asi!e, t#ere &ein$ not t#eleast in!ication t#at t#e secon! cororation is a !ummy or serves as aclient of t#e first cororate entity.3
$ No 3o*4d t1e ode and 8it to ein!tate 2e an31oed on t1e"a5*e and !ee6in54. *n3a44ed 7o a4tenati"e di!po!ition in t1e#a3e4ona de3i!ion t1at
F. . . -#is is "it#out reu!ice to t#e letter of Mr. James u as officer7in7c#ar$e of -an!uay istillers !ate! June 1E, 1(++ to t#e )resi!ent of t#e -an!uay istillery, ;nc. la&or 4nion.F-#e letter of James u !oes not mention any reinstatement. ;t assurest#e resi!ent of t#e la&or union t#at -an!uay istillers stoo! firm on its!ecision to #ire emloyees "it# a clean slate on a ro&ationary &asis.-#e fact t#at t#e emloyees of t#e former emloyer -; "oul! &e#ire! on a ro&ationary &asis s#o"s t#at t#ere "as no emloyer7emloyee relations#i &et"een in!ivi!ual reson!ents an! -"in 6ce
 0nyone who oins the buyer corporation comes in as an outsider whois newly hired and who starts on a probationary basis until he proveshe deserves to be on a permanent status 3is application can bereected in the e/ercise of the hiring authoritys discretion
. .
Anot1e 7a3to81i31 6i4itate! a5ain!t t1e 34ai6 7o ein!tate6ent o7 t1e indi"id*a4 e!pondent! i! t1ei 1a"in5e3ei"ed !epaation pa. a! pat o7 a 3o6po6i!e a5ee6ent int1e 3o*!e o7 t1ei 4iti5ation 8it1 TDI$ PAMATIANCEASE BS CAFACTS
=orrest Cease an! five 5 ot#er 6merican citiIens forme!
Tiaon5Mi44in5 and P4antation Co6pan.
. %ventually, t#e s#ares of t#e ot#er ori$inal incororators "ere &ou$#t out &y
Cea!e
 "it# #is c#il!ren. -#ecomany@s c#arter lase! in June 1(5+.
Foe!t Cea!e died inA*5*!t &-
. -#ere "as no mention "#et#er t#ere "ere stes toli?ui!ate t#e comany. 'ome of #is c#il!ren "ante! an actual !ivision"#ile ot#ers "ante! a reincororation.
T8o o7 1i! 31i4den, #en=a6inand F4oen3e
, initiate! 'ecial )rocee!in$ No. 3+(3 "it# C=; -aya&as
a!9in5 t1at t1e Tiaon5 Mi44in5 and P4antation Copoation 2ede34aed identi3a4 to Foe!t Cea!e and t1at it! popetie! 2edi"ided a6on5 1i! 31i4den a! inte!tate 1ei!
. efen!ants oose!t#e same &ut t#e C=; rule! in favor of t#e laintiffs. efen!ants file! anotice of aeal from t#e C=;@s !ecision &ut t#e same "as !ismisse!for &ein$ remature. -#e case "as elevate! to t#e 'C "#ic#reman!e! it to t#e Court of 6eals. -#e C6 !ismisse! t#e etition.
ISSUE
 >#et#er or not t#e Court of 6eals erre! in affirmin$ t#elo"er court@s !ecision t#at t#e su&ect roerties o"ne! &y t#ecororation are also roerties of t#e estate of =orrest Cease
HELD
N. -#e trial court in!ee! foun! stron$ suort, one t#at is&ase! on a "ell7entrenc#e! rincile of la" "#ic# is t#e t#eory of Fmer$er of =orrest . Cease an! -#e -iaon$ Millin$ as oneersonalityF, or t#at Ft#e comany is only t#e &usiness con!uit an!alter e$o of t#e !ecease! =orrest . Cease an! t#e re$istere!roerties of -iaon$ Millin$ are actually roerties of =orrest . Ceasean! s#oul! &e !ivi!e! e?ually, s#are an! s#are alike amon$ #is si8c#il!ren, ... F, t#e trial court atly alie! t#e familiar e8cetion to t#e$eneral rule &y !isre$ar!in$ t#e le$al fiction of !istinct an! searatecororate ersonality an! re$ar!in$ t#e cororation an! t#e in!ivi!ualmem&er one an! t#e same. ;n s#re!!in$ t#e fictitious cororate veil,t#e trial u!$e narrate! t#e un!isute! factual remise, t#us >#ile t#e recor!s s#o"e! t#at ori$inally its incororators "ere aliens,frien!s or t#ir!7arties in relation to anot#er, in t#e course of itse8istence, it !eveloe! into a close family cororation. -#e Boar! of irectors an! stock#ol!ers &elon$ to one family t#e #ea! of "#ic#=orrest . Cease al"ays retaine! t#e maority stocks an! #ence t#econtrol an! mana$ement of its affairs. ;t must &e note! t#at as #isc#il!ren increase or &ecome of a$e, #e continue! !istri&utin$ #iss#ares amon$ t#em a!!in$ =lorence, -eresa an! Marion until at t#etime of #is !eat# only 1(0 "ere left to #is name. efinitely, only t#emem&ers of #is family &enefite! from t#e Cororation.
 
-#e cororation /never/ #a! any account "it# any &ankin$ institution or if any account "as carrie! in a &ank on its &e#alf, it "as in t#e name of Mr. =orrest . Cease. -#ere is trut# in laintiff/s alle$ation t#at t#ecororation is only a &usiness con!uit of #is fat#er an! an e8tension of #is ersonality, t#ey are one an! t#e same t#in$. -#us, t#e assets of t#e cororation are also t#e estate of =orrest . Cease, t#e fat#er of t#e arties #erein "#o are all le$itimate c#il!ren of full &loo!.  6 ric# store of urisru!ence #as esta&lis#e! t#e rule kno"n as t#e!octrine of !isre$ar!in$ or iercin$ t#e veil of cororate fiction. G%N%R6 R4% a cororation is veste! &y la" "it# a ersonalitysearate an! !istinct from t#e ersons comosin$ it as "ell as anyot#er le$al entity to "#ic# it may &e relate!. By virtue of t#is attri&ute, acororation may not, $enerally, &e ma!e to ans"er for acts or lia&ilitiesof its stock#ol!ers or t#ose of t#e le$al entities to "#ic# it may &econnecte!, an! vice versa. -#is searate an! !istinct ersonality is,#o"ever, merely a fiction create! &y la" for convenience an! toromote t#e en!s of ustice %KC%)-;N''uc# rule may not &e use! or invoke! for en!ssu&versive of t#e olicy an! urose &e#in! its creation or "#ic# coul!not #ave &een inten!e! &y la" to "#ic# it o"es its &ein$. -#is isarticularly true "#ere t#e fiction is use! to !efeat u&lic convenience, ustify "ron$, rotect frau!, !efen! crime, confuse le$itimate le$al or  u!icial issues, eretrate !ecetion or ot#er"ise circumvent t#e la" -#is is like"ise true "#ere t#e cororate entity is &ein$ use! as analter e$o, a!unct, or &usiness con!uit for t#e sole &enefit of t#estock#ol!ers or of anot#er cororate. ;n any of t#ese cases, t#e notionof cororate entity "ill &e ierce! or !isre$ar!e!, an! t#e cororation"ill &e treate! merely as an association of ersons or, "#ere t#ere aret"o cororations, t#ey "ill &e mer$e! as one, t#e one &ein$ merelyre$ar!e! as art or t#e instrumentality of t#e ot#er.  6n in!u&ita&le !e!uction from t#e fin!in$s of t#e trial court cannot &utlea! to t#e conclusion t#at t#e &usiness of t#e cororation is lar$ely, if not "#olly, t#e ersonal venture of =orrest . Cease. -#ere is not evena s#a!o" of a s#o"in$ t#at #is c#il!ren "ere su&scri&ers or urc#asers of t#e stocks t#ey o"n. -#eir articiation as nominals#are#ol!ers emanate! solely from =orrest . Cease/s $ratuitous !oleout of #is o"n s#ares to t#e &enefit of #is c#il!ren an! ultimately #isfamily. ;f t#e Court sustaine! t#e t#eory of etitioners t#at t#e trial court acte!in e8cess of uris!iction or a&use of !iscretion amountin$ to lack of  uris!iction in !eci!in$ t#e civil case as a case for artition, -iaon$Millin$ an! )lantation Comany "oul! #ave &een a&le to e8ten! itscororate e8istence &eyon! t#e erio! of its c#arter "#ic# lase! inJune, 1(5+ un!er t#e $uise an! cover of =. , Cease )lantationComany, ;nc. as -rustee "#ic# "oul! &e a$ainst t#e la", an! as-rustee s#all #ave &een a&le to use t#e assets an! roerties for t#e&enefit of t#e etitioners, to t#e $reat reu!ice an! !efrau!ation. of rivate reson!ents. 9ence, it &ecomes necessary an! imerative toierce t#at cororate veil. -#e u!$ment aeale! from is 6==;RM%.
DELPHER TRADES CORPORATION BS$ IAC
elfin )ac#eco an! sister )ela$ia "ere t#e o"ners of a arcel of lan!in )olo no" LalenIuela. 'u&se?uently, t#ey lease! to ConstructionComonents ;nternational ;nc. t#e roerty an! rovi!in$ for a ri$#t of first refusal s#oul! it !eci!e to sell t#e sai! roerty.Construction Comonents ;nternational, ;nc. assi$ne! its ri$#ts an!o&li$ations un!er t#e contract of lease in favor of 9y!ro )ies)#iliines, ;nc. "it# t#e si$ne! conformity an! consent of elfin an!)ela$ia. ;n 1(*E, a !ee! of e8c#an$e "as e8ecute! &et"een lessorselfin an! )ela$ia )ac#eco an! !efen!ant el#er -ra!esCororation "#ere&y t#e )ac#ecos conveye! to t#e latter t#e lease!roerty to$et#er "it# anot#er arcel of lan! also locate!.n t#e $roun! t#at it "as not $iven t#e first otion to &uy t#e lease!roerty ursuant to t#e lease a$reement, reson!ent 9y!ro )ies)#iliines file! an amen!e! comlaint for reconveyance of t#e lotun!er t#e con!itions similar to t#ose of el#er. -#e court rule! infavor of 9y!ro !eclarin$ t#e e8istence of its referential ri$#t to ac?uiret#e su&ect roerty. ;6C affirme!. )etitioner el#er conten! t#at t#ere "as actually no transfer of o"ners#i, t#e )ac#ecos #avin$ remaine! in control of t#e roerty.-#ey alle$e! t#at etitioner el#er is a family cororation , or$aniIe!&y t#e c#il!ren of )ela$ia, "#o o"ne! t#e arcel of lan! lease! torivate reson!ent 9y!ro to eretuate t#eir control over t#e roertyt#rou$# t#e cororation an! to avoi! ta8es. ;t also alle$e! t#at toaccomlis# t#is, t#e lease! roerty "as transferre! to etitioner el#er &y virtue of a !ee! of e8c#an$e, an! in e8c#an$e for t#eroerties t#ey ac?uire! maority s#ares of etitioner el#ecororation. ;n s#ort, etitioners conten! t#at t#e )ac#ecos !i! not sellt#e lease! roerty since t#ey e8c#an$e! t#e lan! for s#ares in t#eir o"n cororation. )rivate reson!ent, #o"ever, conten! t#at etitioner el#er -ra!es is a cororation searate an! !istinct from t#e)ac#ecos.
I!!*e:
>#et#er or not t#e Fee! of %8c#an$eF of t#e roertiese8ecute! &y t#e )ac#ecos on t#e one #an! an! t#e el#er -ra!esCororation on t#e ot#er "as meant to &e a contract of sale "#ic#, ineffect, reu!ice! t#e rivate reson!ent/s ri$#t of first refusal over t#elease! roerty inclu!e! in t#e !ee! of e8c#an$e
R*4in5:
-#e Court rule! in favor of t#e etitioner. -#e Fee! of %8c#an$eF of roerty &et"een t#e )ac#ecos an! el#er -ra!es Cororationcannot &e consi!ere! a contract of sale. -#ere "as no transfer of actual o"ners#i interests &y t#e )ac#ecos to a t#ir! arty. -#e)ac#eco family merely c#an$e! t#eir o"ners#i from one form toanot#er. -#e o"ners#iremaine! in t#e same #an!s. 9ence, t#erivate reson!ent #as no &asis for its claim of a li$#t of first refusalun!er t#e lease contract.By t#eir o"ners#iof a caital e?ual to 55 of t#e s#ares, t#e)ac#ecos #ave t#e control of t#e etitioner cororation. ;n effect, t#eetitioner cororation is a &usiness con!uit of t#e )ac#ecos. >#at t#eyreally !i! "as to invest t#eir roerties an! c#an$e t#e nature of t#eir o"ners#i from unincororate! to incororate! form &y or$aniIin$el#er -ra!es Cororation to take control of t#eir roerties an! att#e same time save on in#eritance ta8es-#e e8ecution of t#e !ee! of e8c#an$e on t#e roerties for no ar value s#ares, t#e )ac#ecos "ere a&le to rovi!e for a ta8 freee8c#an$e of roerty, suc# t#at t#ey "ere a&le to e8ecute t#e !ee! of e8c#an$e free from income ta8 an! ac?uire a cororation. 'ec. 35 of t#e N;RC rovi!es t#at No $ain or loss s#all also &e reco$niIe! if aerson e8c#an$es #is roerty for stock in a cororation of "#ic# as aresult of suc# e8c#an$e sai! erson alone or to$et#er "it# ot#ers note8cee!in$ four ersons $ains control of sai! cororation.F-#e Court &elieves t#at t#ere is not#in$ "rin$ a&out t#e estatelannin$O sc#eme resorte! to &y t#e )ac#ecos.
T1e 4e5a4 i51t o7 ata@pa.e to de3ea!e t1e a6o*nt o7 81at ot1e8i!e 3o*4d 2e 1i!ta@e! o a4to5et1e a"oid t1e6, 2. 6ean! 81i31 t1e 4a8 pe6it!,3annot 2e do*2ted$OPPEL PHILIPPINES, INC$ BS ALFREDO YATCO ;COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REBENUE<GR L0>+>, >> P1i4 0+, O3to2e &(, &0+FACTS:
<oel ;n!ustrial Car an! %?uiment comany <;C%, a forei$ncomany not !oin$ &usiness in t#e )#iliines, o"ne! ((5 s#ares outof t#e 1000 s#ares t#at comrise t#e caital stock of <);, a !omesticcororation license! as commercial &roker in t#e )#iliines. -#eremainin$ 5 s#ares "ere o"ne! &y eac# of t#e officers of <);. <;C% isin t#e &usiness of sellin$ rail"ay materials, mac#ineries an! sulies. Buyers in t#e )#iliines, "#en intereste!, aske! for rice ?uotations
 
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