Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
COLLEGE OF LAW
\
Renato M. Pambid
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This three-unit course is designed to provide law students with insights into
the basic concepts, principles and elements of criminal law as provided for in Book I
(Articles 1-113) of the Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815), as amended. There will be
discussions on the basic concepts of felonies, penalties and criminal/civil liability
arising from felonies.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
BASIC REFERENCES
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
A. Definitions
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1. Criminal law
Criminal law is that branch or division of law which defines crimes, treats
of their nature, and provides for their punishment.
3. Crime
a. The Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815) and amendments thereto
historical development
b. Special criminal laws
c. Penal provisions in other laws
d. Local ordinances
5. RPC, art. 5, 21
1. Sources
a. Const. (1987), art. II, sec. 5
b. Const. (1987), art. VI, sec. 1
c. Const. (1987), art. II, sec. 1
d. Cases:
(i) People vs. Santiago, 43 Phil. 120 (1922)
(ii) United States vs. Pablo, 35 Phil. 94 (1916)
2. Limitations
Bill of attainder
Const. (1987), art. III, sec. 22
(vii) People vs. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)
1. General
2. Territorial
a. RPC, art. 2
b. Const. (1987), art. I
c. Visiting Forces Agreement, art. V
d. Cases:
(i) United States vs. Bull, 15 Phil. 7 (1910)
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3. Prospective
c. Cases:
(i) Gumabon v. Director of Prisons, 37 SCRA
420 (1971)
(ii) In Re: Kay Villegas Kami, Inc., supra
(iii) People v. Narvaez, 121 SCRA 389, (1983)
(iv) People v. Ringor, 320 SCRA 342 (1999)
(v) People v. Pimentel, 288 SCRA 542 (1998)
(vi) See also People v. Lacson, 382 SCRA 365
(2002), 400 SCRA 267 (2003), and 413
SCRA 20 (2003) for further reference
A. Crimes in general
1. Elements
a. Edgar Teves vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 180363, April 28, 2009
(Separate concurring opinion of Justice Brion)
a. RPC, art. 10
f. Ladonga v. People, 451 SCRA 673 (2005)
B. Felonies
a. Act
i. People v. Gonzales, 183 SCRA 309 (1990)
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b. Omission
(i) RPC, art. 116, 137, 208, 213(2)(b), 223, 234, 275(1)
(ii) Pres. Decree Nos. 953, 1153
(iii) People v. Sylvestre and Atienza, 56 Phil. 353 (1931)
A familiar maxim in criminal law is Nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege
which means There is no crime where there is no law punishing it.
[Potenciano Evangelista v. People, G.R. Nos. 108135-36, 14 August 2000]
The maxim Nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege has its roots in history. It
is in accordance with both centuries of civil law and common law tradition.
Moreover, it is an indispensable corollary to a regime of liberty enshrined in our
Constitution. It is of the essence then that while anti-social acts should be
penalized, there must be a clear definition of the punishable offense as well as
the penalty that may be imposed - a penalty, to repeat, that can be fixed by the
legislative body, and the legislative body alone. So constitutionalism mandates,
with its stress on jurisdictio rather than guvernaculum. The judiciary as the
dispenser of justice through law must be aware of the limitation on its own
power. [Concurring Opinion, Justice Fernando, People v. Cabural, G.R. No.
34105, 4 February 1983]
2. How committed
RPC, art. 3, 365
a. Dolo
(i) Elements
Melchor Maderazo vs. People of the
Philippines, G.R. No. 165065, September 26, 2006
(ii) Presumption of intent
United States v. Apostol, 14 Phil. 92 (1909)
United States v. Catolico, 18 Phil. 504
(1911)
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b. Culpa
(i) Elements
People v. Carmen, 355 SCRA 267 (2001)
Jason Ivler vs. Hon. Maria Rowena Modesto
San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, November 17, 2010
Artemio Villareal vs. People, G.R. No. 151256,
February 1, 2012 (supra)
B. Criminal Liability
1. How incurred
a. Wrongful act done be different from what was
intended
(i) RPC, art. 14(1), 13(3), 48, 49, 14(3)
(ii) United States v. Brobst, 14 Phil. 310 (1909)
(iii) People v. Mananquil, 132 SCRA 196 (1984)
(iv) People v. Iligan, 191 SCRA 643 (1990)
(v) People v. Sabalones, 294 SCRA 751 (1998)
(vi) People v. Guillen, 85 Phil. 307 (1950)
(vii) People v. Albuquerque, 59 Phil. 150 (1933)
(viii) Bataclan v. Medina, 102 Phil. 181 (1957)
b. Impossible crimes
(i) RPC, art. 4(2), 59
(ii) People v. Balmores, 85 Phil. 493 (1950)
(iii) Intod v. Court of Appeals, 215 SCRA 52 (1992)
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2. Stages of commission
a. Definitions
(i) RPC, art. 6 and 7
(ii) United States v. Eduave, 36 Phil. 209
(1917)
(iii) People v. Enriquez, 281 SCRA 103 (1997)
(iv) People v. Listerio, 335 SCRA 40 (2000)
b. Specific felonies
(i) Rape
People v. Erinia, 50 Phil. 998 (1927)
People v. Hernandez, 49 Phil. 980 (1925)
People v. Orita, 184 SCRA 105 (1990)
People v. Campuhan, 329 SCRA 270 (2000)
(ii) Theft
United States v. Adiao, 38 Phil. 754 (1918)
People v. Dino, 45 O.G. 3446
Aristotel Valenzuela v. People, G.R. No.
160188, 21 June 2007
(iii) Robbery
People v. Lamahang, 61 Phil. 703 (1935)
People v. Salvilla, 184 SCRA 671 (1990)
(iv) Murder
People v. Borinaga, 55 Phil. 433 (1930)
People v. Sy, 94 Phil. 885 (1954)
People v. Trinidad, 169 SCRA 51 (1989)
People v. Ravelo, 202 SCRA 655 (1991)
(v) Homicide
People v. Kalalo, 59 Phil. 715 (1934)
4. Multiple offenders
a. Recidivism, RPC, art. 14(9)
b. Habituality (Reiteracion), RPC, art. 14(10)
c. Quasi-Recidivism, RPC, art. 160
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1. Self-defense
People v. Boholst-Caballero, 61 SCRA 180 (1974)
People v. Alconga, 78 Phil. 366 (1947)
United States v. Mack, 8 Phil. 701 (1907)
People v. Sumicad, 56 Phil. 643 (1932)
People v. Genosa, 419 SCRA 537 (2004)
Republic Act No. 9262, sec. 3 & 26
2. Defense of honor
People v. Luague, 62 Phil. 504 (1935)
People v. De la Cruz, 61 Phil. 344 (1935)
People v. Jaurigue, 76 Phil. 174 (1946)
3. Defense of property
People v. Apolinar, 38 OG 2870
United States v. Bumanglag, 14 Phil. 644 (1909)
People v. Narvaez, 121 SCRA 389 (1983)
4. Defense of relative
United States v. Esmedia, 17 Phil. 260 (1910)
6. Fulfillment of duty
People v. Delima, 46 Phil. 738 (1922)
People v. Belbes, 334 SCRA 161 (2000)
1. Insanity
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2. Somnabulism
People v. Taneo, 58 Phil. 255 (1933)
3. Minority
Republic Act No. 9344, as amended
RPC, art. 80
Pres. Decree No. 603, as amended
Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law (A.M. No. 02-
1-18-SC)
People v. Doquena, 68 Phil. 580 (1939)
People v. Navarro, 51 OG 4062
Jose v. People, 448 SCRA 116 (2005)
People v. Jacinto, G.R. No. 182239, 16 March 2011
People v. Arpon, G.R. No. 183563, 14 December 2011
4. Accident
People v. Bindoy, 56 Phil. 15 (1931)
U.S. v. Tanedo, 15 Phil. 196 (1910)
Pomoy v. People, 439 SCRA 439 (2004)
6. Insuperable cause
U.S. v. Vicentillo, 19 Phil. 118 (1911)
People v. Bandian, 63 Phil. 530 (1936)
2. Sufficient provocation
People v. Leonor, 305 SCRA 285
3. Passion or obfuscation
United States v. Hicks, 14 Phil. 217 (1909)
United States v. De la Cruz, 22 Phil. 429 (1912)
4. Illness
People v. Javier, 311 SCRA 576 (1999)
5. Analogous circumstances
Canta v. People, 353 SCRA 250 (2001)
2. Dwelling
People v. Daniel, 86 SCRA 511 (1978)
3. Nighttime/Disguise
People v. Bermas, 309 SCRA 741 (1999)
4. Evident premeditation
United States v. Manalinde, 14 Phil. 77 (1909)
5. Treachery
People v. Sangalang, 58 SCRA 737 (1974)
6. Ignominy
People v. Torrefiel, 45 OG 803
People v. Alfanta, 320 SCRA 357 (1999)
1. Intoxication
People v. Camano, 115 SCRA 688 (1982)
2. Absolutory causes
RPC, art. 6(3), 7, 16, 20, 247, 280, 332, 344
2. Accomplices
a. RPC, art. 18
b. People v. Nierra, 96 Phil. 1 (1980)
People v. Doble, 114 SCRA 131 (1982)
People v. Doctolero, 193 SCRA 632 (1991)
3. Accessories
a. RPC, art. 19 and 20
b. People v. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19 (1978)
Vino v. People, 178 SCRA 626 (1989)
c. Pres. Decree Nos. 1612 and 1829
V. PENALTIES
RPC, art. 21-88
A. General Principles
1. Constitutional limitations
Const., art. III, sec. 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
20, 21, & 22
a. No ex post facto law and bill of attainder
b. Due process
c. No cruel and inhuman punishment
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2. Prospectivity
RPC, art. 1, 21, 22, Civil Code, art. 4
B. Purposes
1. Death penalty
a. Const., art. III, sec. 19(1)
b. Republic Act No. 9346
c. Republic Act No. 7659
d. People v. Echegaray, 267 SCRA 682
F. Application
6. Three-fold rule
RPC, art. 70
1. Probation
a. Pres. Decree No. 968, as amended
b. Francisco v. Court of Appeals, 243 SCRA 384
(1995)
c. Yusi v. Morales, 121 SCRA 854 (1983)
d. Cal v. Court of Appeals, 251 SCRA 523 (1995)
e. Llamado v. Court of Appeals, 174 SCRA 566 (1989)
f. Baclayon v. Mutia, 129 SCRA 148, 154 (1984)
g. Bala v. Martinez, 181 SCRA 459 (1990)
h. Salgado v. Court of Appeals, 189 SCRA 304 (1990)
A. Total Extinction
RPC, art. 89
3. Amnesty
Const., art. VII, sec. 19
People v. Patriarca, G.R. No. 135547, 29 September
2000
People v. Casido, G.R. No. 116512, 7 March 1997
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, 82 Phil. 642 (1949)
4. Absolute pardon
Const., art. VII, sec. 19
Flora v. Oximana, G.R. No. 19745, 31 January 1964
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, supra
Pelobello v. Palatino, G.R. No. 48100, 20 June 1941
RPC, art. 23, 344
B. Partial Extinction
RPC, art. 94
1. Conditional pardon
RPC, art. 95
In re. Antonio Infante, G.R. No. 4164, 12 December
1952