Device ‘Aftercooler Boiler Condenser ‘Combustor Compressar Deaerstor Dehumidifier Desupetheater Diffuser Economizer Evaporator Expander Fanvblovwer Feedwater beater Flash evaporator eat engine Heat exchanger ‘Heat pump Heater Humidifier Intercooler Nozzle Mixing chamber Pump (Reactor Regenerator ‘Steam generator Supercharger Superheater Turbine Tuboshargee Theottle ‘Cool a flow after a compressor Bring substance ton vapor state ‘Take q aut 1o bring substance to liquid site Born fuel; ncts lke beat transfer in Bing » substence to higher pressure Remove gases dissolved in liquids [Remove water from ait ‘Add liquid water to superheated vapor steam fo make it saturated vapor Convert KE eneegy to highes P Low-T, low-P heat exchanger Bring a substance to vapor state Similar to a turbine, but may have ag ‘Move a substance, typically aie Heat liquid water with another flow Generate vapor by expansion (throtling) ‘A device that converts part of heat into work ‘Transfer heat ftom one medium to another A device moving 3 @ from Ti t0 Tuy requires a work inp, refrigeratoe Heat a substance Add water to air-water mixture Heat exchanger between compressor stages Create KE; P drops ‘Mezsure flow rate Mix two oF mace Bows Same as compressor, bat handles liquid Allow reaction between two or more substances Usually beat exchanger to recover energy Same a boiler, heat liquid water to superheat vapor A campressar driven by engine sbaft work to drive si into an automotive engine A ieat exchanger that brings 7 up over Tag Create shaft woek from igh P flow A compressor driven by an exhaust fow turbine to charge air into an engine Same as valve Control Bow by restriction; P drops wed wed w=0d win, KE up qin, w out q=0 P= constant P constant P= constant que P ~ constant P=constsnt P=Gq=0 P= constant q=0 P= constant P= constant P= constant P= constant gn0 q-0 q=0 g0,P5C P= constant P= constant P= constant q=0Kay Concerts AND ForMuLas | 72!e™*8) Kinetic energy Potential energy Specific energy Enthalpy ‘Two-phase mass average Specific heat, heat capacity Solids and liquids Ideal gas Energy equation rate form Energy equation integrated Multiple masses, states B= U4 KE+ KE = mu + 3m? + mgZ =i xe =aye KE = mgZ e=ut Vt ez heu+Po w= ut ag = (I= xy + ay hm ly ahg = (1 — a)hy + thy _ (0). {an al (3): a= (i) Tncompressible, so v = constant = u,and v very small C=C,=C, [Tables A.3 and A4 (F.2 and F.3)] mm = Ch ~ Ty) fy ~ hy = ta — 4, + 0(P, — Py) (Often the second term is small.) k= hy+ uf(P ~ Pau); u % uy (Saturated at same 7) h=u+Pv=u4+ RT (only functions of 7) G= Ge B=ctR wae [oarece-1) hy hy= [ours G-7) Left-hand side from Table A.7 or A., middle from Table AG and right-hand side from Table A.6 at a 7, of from Table A.S at 25°C Left-hand side ftom Table F.5 of F.6, right-hand side from Table FA at 77 F E=Q-W (cate= + in— ont) Ey-E,= Qi ~ Wy (change = + in ~ out) (ez 63) = my — my) +5 mV = VI) + mel ~ 2) E= mg, + mgey + meee t***Key Concert AND FORMULAS Transient Process Continuity equation Energy equation Volume flow rate ‘Mass flow rate Plow work rate Flow direction Instantaneous Precess Continuity equation Energy equation ‘Total enthalpy Steady State Continuity equation Energy equation Specific heat transfer Specific work Steady-state single flow energy equation ¥ = Vdd = AV (using average velocity) tn = JpV dd = pd = AViv (using average values) Wooy = PV ~ inPo From higher P to lower P unless significant KEE or PE, they, = D7, ~ Dt, ’ Bey, = ov, ~ We. +E tlh = 3, there Igy = + ENE B= Ian + 82 Qev. + Dither = Wer. + D tinshase (in = out) 9= Ocylin (steady state only) w= Weyfit (steady state only) 1 thoes = 0 + liye (in = oUt) tm — m, = Yim — Ym Ey ~ By = 10, - Wa FD mens — YL Midrare By ~ By = malts + EE gz) ~ mle + EVE 8) Fae = I ext sense 3 Oct + Pa)KRY CONCEPTS ~ (41117, 0 can also be rates , 0) AND FORMULAS ‘Heat engine Heat pump Refrigerator Factors that make processes irreversible Camot cycle Proposition I Proposition II ‘Absolute temperature Real heat engine Real heat pump Real refrigerator Heat-transfer rates Key Concerts. ‘AND FORMULAS ©!20sius inequality Entropy Wee = Qu~ O15 Wye = Qu~ Ors Wasr = Qu ~ Ohi Friction, unrestrained expansion (IV = 0), Q over AT, mixing, current through a resistor, combustion, or valve flow (throttle). 1-2 Isothermal heat addition Qin at Ty 2-3 Adiabatic expansion process 7 does down 34 Isothermal heat rejection Q, out at 7, 4-1 Adiabatic compression process T gocs up May Theveribie Same Tr Ti Neaner = Team? — Same Ty, Ty, Te Ty Qu Ww, #0 d ds =F + digas Adige 20Rate equation for entropy Entropy equation Total entropy change Lost work Actual boundary work Gibbs relations Solids, Liquids Change in s ana f= f[el~cme &n-D St +5, 26 m(s, — 1) = 7 = + Saget 2g = 0 Scot = ASom + AS cuz = ASyeq 2 0 Wyse = ST See Wy = SP dV — Woon Tds=dut+ Pdv T ds = dh — v dP v = constant, dv=0 22 qIdeal Gas Standard entropy Change ins Ratio of specific heats Polytropic processes Specific work Identifiable processes Tyo a= aT (Function of 7) h = th—sh-R wet (Using Table A.7 or A.8) \ - = Cp ne -Rin z (For constant C,, C,) H-5=C, int a+ R ne (For constant C,, C,) k=CylCa Pu" = constant, PY" = constant 5-(0)-0)-0F P : feoryees eee ae 1 n=1 P, The work is moving boundary work w= | Pdv P=constant; —_Isobaric T=constant; —_ Isothermal S$ =constant; —_[sentropic uv =constant; —_Isochoric or isometricKey Concepts AND FORMULAS Rate equation for enteopy Steady state single flow Reversible shaft work Reversible heat transfer Bernoulli equetion Polyttopic process work Isentropic efficiencies wee) + EVE rate of change = + in — out + generation Bao Bins Dns, + B84 §, . wnat [tn wo-[vdrelvi—lvis eget, q if Tds = he hy- fv ap (from Gibbs relation) fi t Vi + 9%, ~ eZ =0 (v= constant) ‘The work is shaft work w = -f> P and for ideal gas Thain = rac! Wy, (Turbine work is out) Tescoresr = WeslWeee (Compressor work is in) Tsp = Weel pe (Pump work is in) Tne = ay VIA } V? (Kinetic energy is out)