Water - Hammer - Calculation - of Gravitational - Adduction

16 2.
2 1
20 1.9 2.8 2
25 2.3 3.5 3
32 1.8 2.9 4.4 4
40 1.8 2.3 3.7 5.5 5
50 1.8 2.0 2.9 4.6 6.9 6
63 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.6 5.8 8.6 7
75 1.9 2.3 2.9 4.3 6.8 10.3 8
90 2.2 2.8 3.5 5.1 8.2 12.3 9
110 2.7 3.4 4.2 6.3 10.0 15.1 10
125 3.1 3.9 4.8 7.1 11.4 17.1 11
140 3.5 4.3 5.4 8.0 12.7 19.2 12
160 4.0 4.9 6.2 9.1 14.6 21.9 13
180 4.4 5.5 6.9 10.2 16.4 24.6 14
200 4.9 6.2 7.7 11.4 18.2 27.4 15
225 5.5 6.9 8.6 12.8 20.5 30.8 16
250 6.2 7.7 9.6 14.2 22.7 34.2 17
280 6.9 8.6 10.7 15.9 25.4 38.3 18
315 7.7 9.7 12.1 17.9 28.6 43.1 19
355 8.7 10.9 13.6 20.1 32.2 48.5 20
400 9.8 12.3 15.3 22.7 36.3 54.7 21
450 11.0 13.8 17.2 25.5 40.9 61.5 22
500 12.3 15.3 19.1 28.4 45.4 68.3 23
560 13.7 17.2 21.4 31.7 50.8 24
630 15.4 19.3 24.1 35.7 57.2 25
710 17.4 21.8 27.2 40.2 64.5 26
800 19.6 24.5 30.6 45.3 27
900 22.0 27.6 34.4 51.0 28
1000 24.5 30.6 38.2 56.7 29
1100 26.9 33.7 42.0 62.4 30
1200 29.4 36.7 45.9 68.0 31
1400 34.4 42.9 53.5 32
1600 39.2 49.0 61.2 33
Dn [mm] 2 1/2 3.2 4 6 10 16
Presiones nominales PN [bar]
HDPE PE80 DIN 8074 / ISO 4427
Espesor [mm]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
2
3 Pipe Thickness [mm], according ASME B36.10M

4
5 ASME B36.10M SCHEDULE / IDENTIFICATION
6 Size d ext 5 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 STD XS XXS 6.35
7 1/ 2 21.3 1.65 2.11 - 2.41 2.77 - 3.73 - 0 - 4.78 2.77 3.73 7.47 -
8 3/ 4 26.7 1.65 2.11 - 2.41 2.87 - 3.91 - 0 - 5.56 2.87 3.91 7.82 -
9 1 33.4 1.65 2.77 - 2.9 3.38 - 4.55 - 0 - 6.35 3.38 4.55 9.09 -
10 1 1/ 4 42.2 1.65 2.77 2.97 3.56 4.85 6.35 3.56 4.85 9.7 -
11 1 1/ 2 48.3 1.65 2.77 - 3.18 3.68 - 5.08 - 0 - 7.14 3.68 5.08 10.15 -
12 2 60.3 1.65 2.77 - 3.18 3.91 - 5.54 - 0 - 8.74 3.91 5.54 11.07 -
13 2 1/ 2 73 2.11 3.05 4.78 5.16 7.01 9.53 5.16 7.01 14.02 -
14 3 88.9 2.11 3.05 - 4.78 5.49 - 7.62 - 0 - 11.13 5.49 7.62 15.24 -
15 3 1/ 2 101.6 2.11 3.05 4.78 5.74 8.08 5.74 8.08 -
16 4 114.3 2.11 3.05 - 4.78 6.02 - 8.56 - 11.13 - 13.49 6.02 8.56 17.12 -
17 5 141.3 2.77 3.4 - - 6.55 - 9.53 - 12.7 - 15.88 6.55 9.53 19.05 -
18 6 168.3 2.77 3.4 - - 7.11 - 10.97 - 14.27 - 18.26 7.11 10.97 21.95 -
19 8 219.1 2.77 3.76 6.35 7.04 8.18 10.31 12.7 15.09 18.26 20.62 23.01 8.18 12.7 22.23 -
20 10 273 3.4 4.19 6.35 7.8 9.27 12.7 15.09 18.26 21.44 25.4 28.58 9.27 12.7 25.4 -
21 12 323.8 3.96 4.57 6.35 8.38 10.31 14.27 17.48 21.44 25.4 28.58 33.32 9.53 12.7 25.4 -
22 14 355.6 3.96 6.35 7.92 9.53 11.13 15.09 19.05 23.83 27.79 31.75 35.71 9.53 12.7 - -
23 16 406.4 4.19 6.35 7.92 9.53 12.7 16.66 21.44 26.19 30.96 36.53 40.49 9.53 12.7 - -
24 18 457 4.19 6.35 7.92 11.13 14.27 19.05 23.83 29.36 34.93 39.67 45.24 9.53 12.7 - -
25 20 508 4.78 6.35 9.53 12.7 15.09 20.62 26.19 32.54 38.1 44.45 50.01 9.53 12.7 - -
26 22 559 4.78 6.35 9.53 12.7 - 22.23 28.58 34.93 41.28 47.63 53.98 9.53 12.7 - -
27 24 610 5.54 6.35 9.53 14.27 17.48 24.61 30.96 38.89 46.02 52.37 59.54 9.53 12.7 - -
28 26 660 - 7.92 12.7 15.88 - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
29 28 711 - 7.92 12.7 - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
30 30 762 6.35 7.92 12.7 15.88 - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
31 32 813 - 7.92 12.7 15.88 17.48 - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
32 34 864 - 7.92 12.7 15.88 17.48 - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
33 36 914 - 7.92 12.7 15.88 19.05 - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
34 38 965 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
35 40 1016 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
36 42 1067 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
37 44 1118 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
38 46 1168 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
39 48 1219.2 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
Water hammer
Data Input
Table 1.Data Input and Help Variables for Joukovsky Pressure Calculation
Table 2. Joukovsky Pressure and Critical Time
Table 3. Piezometric head, Static and Dynamic Pressures
Tables 4 and 5 for Maximum and Minimum Pressures for "Quick Closing" and "Slow Clos
Tables 6 and 7 Pressure envelopes: Table 6 for Quick closing time and Table 7 for Slow clo
Graphics
Rev. cjc. 28.06.2013
ure Calculation
Quick Closing" and "Slow Closing"
ng time and Table 7 for Slow closing time

Water Hammer Calculation of a Gravitational Adduction
Data Input
Water flow rate Q= 360 m/h
Water density r= 1000 kg/m
Acceleration of gravity g= 9.8 m/s
Bulk modulus of water K= 2.07E+09 Pa
Pipe material Carbon steel
0
Steel elasticity modulus Et = 2.06E+11 Pa
Material cte. H-W eq. C= 100
Heigth above sea level H= 4,768 m.a.s.l.
Maximum water level in tank Z0_max = 4,778 m.a.s.l.
Minimum water level in tank Z0_min = 4,768 m.a.s.l.
Singular losses percentage of frictional losses
% Loss= 3 %
Table 1.Data Input and Help Variables for Joukovsky Pressure Calculation
Eq. 1 Eq. 2 Eq. 3
Node Section L Z dn sch de Thickness d
m m.a.s.l. in - mm mm mm
0 4768
1 (0 - 1) 257 4747 12 20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2 (1 - 2) 257 4726 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35 #VALUE!
3 (2 - 3) 257 4709 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35 #VALUE!
4 (3 - 4) 257 4693 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35 #VALUE!
5 (4 - 5) 257 4683 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35 #VALUE!
6 (5 - 6) 257 4662 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35 #VALUE!
7 (6 - 7) 257 4647 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35 #VALUE!
8 (7 - 8) 257 4634 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35 #VALUE!
9 (8 - 9) 257 4629 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35 #VALUE!
10 (9 -10) 257 4625 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35 #VALUE!
2566.0
Lt =S Li
Table 2. Joukovsky Pressure and Critical Time
a) Help variable "S" c) Equivalent velocity

S = ( Q * (S Li/Ai ) / (S Li/vi ) )^0.5 veq= (Q * ( S Li/vi ) / (S Li/Ai ))^0.5
Q= 0.1 m/s Q= 0.1 m/s
S Li/Ai = #VALUE! S Li/vi = #VALUE!
S Li/vi = #VALUE! S Li/Ai = #VALUE!
S= #VALUE! veq= #VALUE! m/s
b) Equivalent length d) Equivalent celerity

Leq= S Li/Ai / S aeq= Lt / SLi/ai
S Li/Ai = #VALUE! Lt = 2566.0 m
S= #VALUE! S Li/ai = #VALUE!
Leq= #VALUE! m aeq= #VALUE! m/s
Table 3. Piezometric head, Static and Dynamic Pressures
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Node Section Q (m3/h) Length Accum. Ground Pipe nominal diameter

length elevation and schedule
L Lacc Z dn sch
(m) (m) (m) in -
0 0.0 4700.0 4768.0
1 (0 - 1) 360 256.6 4956.6 4747.0 12 20
2 (1 - 2) 360 256.6 5213.2 4726.0 12 20
3 (2 - 3) 360 256.6 5469.8 4709.0 12 20
4 (3 - 4) 360 256.6 5726.4 4693.0 12 20
5 (4 - 5) 360 256.6 5983.0 4683.0 12 20
6 (5 - 6) 360 256.6 6239.6 4662.0 12 20
7 (6 - 7) 360 256.6 6496.2 4647.0 12 20
8 (7 - 8) 360 256.6 6752.8 4634.0 12 20
9 (8 - 9) 360 256.6 7009.4 4629.0 12 20
10 (9 - 10) 360 256.6 7266.0 4625.0 12 20
Tables 4 and 5 for Maximum and Minimum Pressures for "Quick Closing" an
Table 4. Quick Closing (Joukovsky)
t Pdyn h Pmx Pmn
Eq. 11 Pdyn + h Pdyn - h
(s) (mca) (kpa) mca mca kpa (g) mca kpa (g)
### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! -261
Pdyn_10 = hQC = Pmax_QC Note 1
(Table 3.b) (Table 2.e)
Note 1. The physically possible minimum value of this pressure is - 1 atm (g). At sea
level the minimum would be a gauge pressure of - 10.33 mca.
Any value less than the water vapor saturation pressure will produce a
"Vapor volume" in the pipe. The saturation pressure is 1.23 kPa
Maximum allowed pressure for de selected carbon steel pipe
Pipe maximum allowed pressure

dn = 12 in
sch = 20
de = #VALUE! mm
s= #VALUE! mm
Pmax = sallow* E /(de/(2*s)-Y)
t <= 38 C
sallow = 138 MPa
E= 1
Y= 0.4
Pmax = #VALUE! Mpa
Pmax = #VALUE! bar
Pmax = #VALUE! kPa
Ref. See "www.piping-tools.net"
Pipe_maximum_alowable_pressures_for_A53_A106_and_API_5L.xlsm
Pipe_Wall_Thickness_Calculation_according_ASME_B31_3.xlsm
Tables 6 and 7 Pressure envelopes: Table 6 for Quick closing time and Table 7
Pressure envelopes
Table 6 Table 7
Quick Closing Time Slow Closing Time
5
Accum. Min. Max. Min. Max.

length press. Press. press. Press.
Lacc Pmin Pmax Pmin Pmax
(m) (mca) (mca) (mca) (mca)
4700.0 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
4956.6 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Pmin_10 = Pmax_10 = Pmin_10 = Pmax_10 =
Suden and slow closing of valve
10
Calculation
Eq. 3 Eq. 4 Eq. 5
di Q A v Li*Ai Li*vi ai Li/ai
m m/s m m/s m m/s m/s s
#VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
S Li/Ai = S Li/vi = S Li/ai =
e) Pressure increment f) Critical time

(S Li/Ai ))^0.5 (calculated with Joukovsky elasticity) tc = 2 * Lt /aeq
theory Lt = 2566.0
h= ( aeq * Dveq ) / g aeq= #VALUE!
aeq= #VALUE! m/s tc = #VALUE!
veq= #VALUE! m/s
h= #VALUE! m
h= #VALUE! bar
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Eq. 3 Eq. 6 Eq. 7 Eq. 3 Eq.8 Eq. 9 Eq. 10
Interior diameter Unit Pressure Velocity Piezometric Static Dynamic
p. loss loss head pressure pressure
di Jf DP v CP Pest Pdyn
mm m m/m (m) (m/s) (m) (mca) (mca)
0.00 4778 10.00 10.00
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 31.00 #VALUE!
CP10 = CPdyn_10 =
(a) Value required in Graphics J64 Maximum
dynamic
pressure
Pdin = CP - Z
Value required in Tables 4 and 5
ick Closing" and "Slow Closing"

Table 5. Slow Closing (Michaud)
t Pdyn (Note 1) h Pmax Pmin
Eq. 12 Pdyn_10 + h Pdyn_10
(s) (mca) kpa (g) mca (mca) kpa (g) (mca)
Pdyn_10 = hSC =
8 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(Table 3.b)
Note = Since the critical time tc = #VALUE! [s], a conservative time, a value
above this value has to be selected.
Let t= 20 s
If the selected detention time is t= 20 s

the transient maximum and minimum pressures are
Pmax = #VALUE! mca
Pmin = #VALUE! mca
Note
These pressures will dampen much earlier than indicated in the table,
since it does not consider energy losses. Thus, the table gives
conservative values.
time and Table 7 for Slow closing time.

Pressure [mwc]
Pressure envelopes
300.00
250.00
200.00
Pmin
150.00 QC
Pmax
QC
100.00
Pmin SC
Pmax SC
50.00
0.00
-50.00 Accumulated length [m]

4700.0 5200.0 5700.0 6200.0 6700.0 7200.0 7700.0
.2013
Equations
Eq. 1
Pipe outside diameter
de = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dext_dn
Eq. 2
Pipe thickness
closing of valve s= Pipe_Imp_CS_Thickness_dn_sch
Eq. 3
Pipe inside diameter
di = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dint_dn_sch
Eq. 4
Flow velocity
v= Q/A
Eq.6 Eq. 7
Jf DP Eq. 5
m/m m Celerity
a = ( ( K / r ) / ( 1 + (K/Et ) * (d/s ) ) )^0.5
#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! Eq. 6
#VALUE! #VALUE! Unit friction loss (Hazem-Williams)
#VALUE! #VALUE! Jf = A * Q^m / (C^m * D^n)
#VALUE! #VALUE! Hazem-Williams equation constants
#VALUE! #VALUE! m= 1.852
#VALUE! #VALUE! n= 4.869
#VALUE! #VALUE! A= 10.665
#VALUE! #VALUE! C= 100 (Data)
#VALUE! #VALUE!
Eq. 7
Total pressure loss
DP = DPf + DPs
DPf = J*L
DPs = DPf * %Loss
DPs = J * L * %Loss
DP = J * L * (1 + %Loss/100)
m Eq. 8
m/s Piezometric head
s CPi = CPi-1 -DPi m
Eq. 9
Static pressure
Pest Z0_max - Z
Z0_max : Max. water level in tank
Z: Ground elevation
Eq. 10
Dynamic preessure
Pdyn = CP - Z
Eq. 11
Joukovsky
Pressure change due to a sudden
change.
Valid for t <= tc
hQC = aeq * Dveq / g
aeq = #VALUE! m/s
Dveq = #VALUE! m/s
hQC = #VALUE! m
Eq. 12
Michaud
hSC = 2 * Leq * Dveq / (g * t)
Leq = #VALUE! m
Dveq = #VALUE! m/s
t= 8 s
hSC = 86.0 m
(b)
m
Tables 4 and 5
Local atmospheric pressure

p= 101,325* (1 -2,25577E-5 * H)^5,25588
H= 4,768 m.a.s.l.
p= 55.716 kPa
The Engineering Toolbox
Pmin http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-altitude-pressure-d_462.html
Pdyn_10 - h
kpa (g) Water vapor pressure [3]
#VALUE! Psat = Exp(ca / tK + cb + cc * tK + cd * tK ^ 2 + ce * tK ^ 3 + cf * Ln(tK))

#VALUE! t= 10 C
#VALUE! tk = 283.2 K
#VALUE! ca = -5800.2
#VALUE! cb = -5.5
#VALUE! cc = -0.05
#VALUE! cd = 4.2E-05
ce = -1.4E-08
cf = 6.5
Psat = 1.228 kPa
Psat = 1228 Pa
ve time, a value
Data for the graphics
Pressure Envelopes
Piezometric elevations for transient states.

InTable 8, columns 1 to 4 are input data. Columns 5 to 9 are calculated piezometric elevation
straight lines defined by the first and last rows. The first row is the elevation of the maximum
The last row is based in the piezometric head of the lowest point of the pipe (CP
other cells of the row are the piezometric heads for the "Quick Closing" case and for the sele
selected time. In this case, the selected time is t = 20
Eq. 1 Reference Elevation

Pipe lowest elevation "Z10"
Z10 = 4,625 m.a.s.l.
Zref = Z - Z10 m.a.s..l.
Eq .2 Static Pressure
Pstat = Z0_max - Z m
Maximum water level in tank 660-TK-1007
Z0_max = 4,778 m.a.s.l
Eq. 3 Static Pressure

Pstat_i Pstat_i-1 + ( Zref_i-1 - Zref_i)
Case DP section constant
DPcte = #VALUE! m
Table 8. Piezometric elevations for transient states
1 2 3 4 5 6
Table 8. Piezometric Elevations for Transient States

Data (from sheet "Hammer") Piezometric elevat
Distances (m) Pipe Quick Closing
Section Partial Acum. Elevation Max Min
m m m.a.s.l. m.a.s.l. m.a.s.l.
Z0_max (Maximum level
0 0.0 4700 4768 4778 4778
1 256.6 4957 4747 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2 256.6 5213 4726 #VALUE! #VALUE!
3 256.6 5470 4709 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4 256.6 5726 4693 #VALUE! #VALUE!
5 256.6 5983 4683 #VALUE! #VALUE!
6 256.6 6240 4662 #VALUE! #VALUE!
7 256.6 6496 4647 #VALUE! #VALUE!
8 256.6 6753 4634 #VALUE! #VALUE!
9 256.6 7009 4629 #VALUE! #VALUE!
10 256.6 7266 4625 #VALUE! #VALUE!
CPmax_QC = CPmin_QC =
CP10 +hQC CP10 +hQC
Pressure envelopes
Pressures envelopes (as piezometric elevati

4810
Slow Closing Maximum
Fast Closing Maximum

4760
4710
Height
above
sea
level
[m.a.s.l.]
4660
Fast Closing Minimum
4610
Slow Closing Minimum
4560
4700 5200 5700 6200
Accumulated distance [m]
Steady state pressures
Steady State Pressures
Table 5 is developed to show in a graphic the steady state pressures. The elevation zero has been t
elevation of the pipe lowest pint.
Table 9. Steady State Pressures
Accumulated Reference Static Dynamic Maximum
length elevation pressure pressure static pressure
Lacc Zref Pstat Pdyn Z0_max - Zref
Eq. 1 Eq. 2 Eq. 4 Eq. 5
N m (m) m m m
0 4,700 143 10 #VALUE! 153
1 4,957 122 31 #VALUE! 153
2 5,213 101 52 #VALUE! 153
3 5,470 84 69 #VALUE! 153
4 5,726 68 85 #VALUE! 153
5 5,983 58 95 #VALUE! 153
6 6,240 37 116 #VALUE! 153
7 6,496 22 131 #VALUE! 153
8 6,753 9 144 #VALUE! 153
9 7,009 4 149 #VALUE! 153
10 7,266 0 153 #VALUE! 153
Static and Dynamic pressures and reference ground elevation "Zref" as function of Accumulated distance in Steady State Condition
Maximum water level in tank 660-TK-

180 1007
160 Static Pressure
140 "Pstat"
120
Dynamic
Zref Pressure
H [m]100 "PPstat "
dyn
80
Pdyn
60 Z0ma
40 xReference
Elevation"Zrerf"
20
0
4,700 5,200 5,700 6,200 6,700 7,200 7,700
Accumulated distance [m]
Rev. cjc. 28.06.2013
ated piezometric elevations. These 5 columns are

levation of the maximum level in the tank (Z0_max).
the pipe (CP 10), for the Steady State case. The
ng" case and for the selected "Slow Closing"
s
Eq. 4
Pdin = CP - Z m
Pdin = Pest - SDP
Pdin = Pest - DPcte * N
Eq. 5 Maximum static pressure

Z0_max - Zref = -4625.0 m
From Table 3a. Quick Closing (for t <= tc = 4.4 s)

hQC = #VALUE! m
From Table 3b Slow Closing, for t = 20 s

hSC_t_20s = #VALUE! m
7 8 9
s for Transient States

Piezometric elevations
Steady State Slow Closing
Max Min
m.a.s.l. m.a.s.l. m.a.s.l
Z0_max (Maximum level in tank)
4778 4778 4778
4776 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
CP10 = CPmax_SC = CPmin_SC =
Sheet Hammer CP10 +hSC_t_20s CP10 - hSC_t_20s
Rev. cjc. 28.06.2013
piezometric elevations)
ng Maximum
Steady State (Normal)
Pipe Elevation
ng Minimum
6200 6700 7200

mulated distance [m]
The elevation zero has been taken as the
essures
Static Pipe
pressure elevation
Pstat_i Z
Eq. 3
m (m)
10 4768
31 4747
52 4726
69 4709
85 4693
95 4683
116 4662
131 4647
144 4634
149 4629
153 4625
istance in Steady State Condition

Water hammer
1.- Input data Water speed of sound
Operating pressure and flowrate

pop =
Q=
13.8
635.9
bar
m3/h
c=

c: speed of sound (m/s)
K

Pipe data K: water bulk modulus (Pa)

Material: Carbon Steel r: water density (kg/m)
dn = 12 in c (K / r )^0.5
sch = 40 - K= 2.1E+09 Pa
L= 1524.0 m r= 1000 kg/m
Steel pipe elasticity module c= 1438.2 m/s
Et = 2,059,397 bar
s 3.- Celerity
Bulk modulus and density of water
K= 20,684 bar
r= 1,000 kg/m c
a=
2.- Auxiliary variables
Pipe dimensions
( 1+
K d

Et s
a : celerity (wave velocity) (m/s)
)
di = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dint_dn_sch c: speed of sound (m/s)
di = #VALUE! mm d: inside pipe diameter (mm)
s= Pipe_Imp_CS_Thickness_dn_sch s: minimum wall thickness (mm)
s= #VALUE! mm K: water bulk modulus (bar)
a= c / (1 + (K/Et) * (d/s) )^(0.5)
Pipe section area c= 1438.2 m/s
A= (pi()/4)*d^2 K= 2.1E+09 Pa
d= #VALUE! m Et = 2.1E+11 Pa
A= #VALUE! m2 d= #VALUE! mm
s= #VALUE! mm
Fluid velocity a= #VALUE! m/s
v= Q/A
Q= 0.1766 m3/s
A= #VALUE! m2
v= #VALUE! m/s
Bulk modulus of water Steel elasticity modulus

K= 2.1E+09 Pa Et = 2.10E+06 kp/cm
K= 20,684 bar Et = 2.06E+11 Pa
Et = 2.1E+06 bar
Rev. cjc. 28.06.2013
4.- Velocity change
Initial velocity
vi = #VALUE! m/s
Final velocity
vf = 0.00 m/s
Velocity change
Dv = vf - vi m/s
Dv = #VALUE! m/s
5.- Pressure increment due to water

hammer produced by a sudden shutoff.
The pressure increment can be

calculated with Joukovsky elasticity
theory
h= (- a * Dv ) / g
a= #VALUE! m/s
Dv = #VALUE! m/s
h= 718 m
h= 70.4 bar
6.- Total pressure developed
ptot = pop + h
pop = 13.8 bar
h= 70.4 bar
ptot = 84.2 bar
g= 9.80665 m/s
[1]
Instantaneous closing
Slow closing with t >
g with t > tc
[1] Universidad de Buenos Aires
http://escuelas.fi.uba.ar/iis/GOLPE%20DE%20ARIETE.pdf

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16 2.

3 Pipe Thickness [mm], according ASME B36.10M

Table 2. Joukovsky Pressure and Critical Time

Table 3. Piezometric head, Static and Dynamic Pressures

Quick Closing" and "Slow Closing"

ng time and Table 7 for Slow closing time

Table 2. Joukovsky Pressure and Critical Time

a) Help variable "S" c) Equivalent velocity

b) Equivalent length d) Equivalent celerity

Table 3. Piezometric head, Static and Dynamic Pressures

Node Section Q (m3/h) Length Accum. Ground Pipe nominal diameter

Maximum allowed pressure for de selected carbon steel pipe

Pipe maximum allowed pressure

Accum. Min. Max. Min. Max.

#VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

e) Pressure increment f) Critical time

ick Closing" and "Slow Closing"

If the selected detention time is t= 20 s

time and Table 7 for Slow closing time.

-50.00 Accumulated length [m]

Local atmospheric pressure

#VALUE! Psat = Exp(ca / tK + cb + cc * tK + cd * tK ^ 2 + ce * tK ^ 3 + cf * Ln(tK))

Piezometric elevations for transient states.

Eq. 1 Reference Elevation

Eq. 3 Static Pressure

Table 8. Piezometric Elevations for Transient States

Pressures envelopes (as piezometric elevati

Slow Closing Maximum

Fast Closing Maximum

Fast Closing Minimum

Maximum water level in tank 660-TK-

ated piezometric elevations. These 5 columns are

Eq. 5 Maximum static pressure

From Table 3a. Quick Closing (for t <= tc = 4.4 s)

From Table 3b Slow Closing, for t = 20 s

s for Transient States

Steady State (Normal)

6200 6700 7200

istance in Steady State Condition

1.- Input data Water speed of sound

Operating pressure and flowrate

Pipe data K: water bulk modulus (Pa)

2.- Auxiliary variables

Bulk modulus of water Steel elasticity modulus

4.- Velocity change

5.- Pressure increment due to water

The pressure increment can be

6.- Total pressure developed

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