Paper I, Response Sheet No.

INDIAN SOCIEY FOR TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

DIPLOMA IN TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
PAPER I

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
RESPONSE SHEET NO. 2

MAX MARKS 10

Name : Jaideep Vasant SOLANKI

Batch No.: 67

Registration No.: 21864

Questions *

1. Define Learning. Compare and Contrast conditioned and instrumental

learning. Give an example of how a particular behaviour is learned and
modified in Organisation?

2. Define attitude. How attitude is formed in an Organization? How

attitude could be changed in an Organisation?

3. What is meant by Group? The balance theory of Theodore Newcomb is a

comprehensive theory of group formation Explain.

4. Define Communication. What are barriers of Communication?

* Questions in BOLD are the ones attempted while the ones STRIKED OUT are
omitted.

Page 1 of 5
Jaideep Vasant Solanki, ISTD Batch 67, Regn. No. 21864
 Paper I, Response Sheet No. 2

QUESTION No. 2
Define attitude. How attitude is formed in an Organization? How attitude
could be changed in an Organization?
ANSWER

Attitude:
Attitude can be defined as the way in which an individual would think, perceive,
act to certain situations, people, or responses based on ones own feelings (state
of mind), behavior (way of responding based on character formed basis past
experiences) & beliefs.

FEELINGS

BEHAVIOR ATTITUDE
BELIEFS
Attitudes serve as one way to organize our relationship with our world. We use
attitudes to make judgments about people, helps in predicting the responses in an
organization, culture, job or situations.
Attitude has 3 basic components: emotional, informational, and behavioral.

The emotional component involves the persons feelings, or affect-
positive, neutral, or negative- about an object.

The informational component consists of the beliefs and information
the individual has about the object.

The behavioral component consists of a persons tendencies to behave
in a particular way toward an object.

Attitude formation process:
Following are the important factors that contribute towards Attitude formation,

Psychological factors Every person is different. How he believes, his ideas,
perceptions, etc play a vital role in forming his attitude.

Family factors Family plays a vital factor in instilling basic values,
confidence, way of reaction to situations very early part of growing up. Habits,
discipline inculcated in at early age stay forever in life.

Social Factors Society helps forming basic nature of a person. E.g. An
Indian child brought up in US is more INDEPENDENT from a very early age than
his Indian counterpart. At the same time the child brought up in India is more
likely to be emotional towards family members than the one in US.

Page 2 of 5
Jaideep Vasant Solanki, ISTD Batch 67, Regn. No. 21864
 Paper I, Response Sheet No. 2

Organisational Factors Job, grooming, utilize resources, colleagues or

superiors response, interactions at workplace, company policies & experience.

Economic Factors Status in society, earning potential and monetary issues.

Experiences Prejudices, experiences, social contacts, upbringing, learning,
remain throughout life. Some influences waxes and wanes towards adulthood.

Changing Attitude in an Organisation:
Attitudes are NURTURED over a period of time depending on influences an
individual is subjected to. Thus by observing the inputs to experiences, behavior &
beliefs Desired Attitude can be CULTIVATE in an individual.
Changing an attitude starts with self-awareness and usually includes changing a
belief and hence a behavior. Therefore, a change in belief & behavior can change
an attitude. Applied to the workplace, this means if you can get employees to
behave a certain way, their attitude will change towards that issue.
By two ways attitude can be changed:

Education Learning helps develop your attitude. It is easier to have the
right attitude if you have the right knowledge.

Experiences Experiences shape our attitudes. You can provide employees
with the opportunity to think differently. E.g. Sales and Production never
interact, but a meet at the each others work place can make wonders.
Theoretical and experiential learning may be used as basis of training to offer the
best opportunities for people to develop proactive attitudes. Change requires
self-awareness and motivation. Some of us are resistant to change, or dont
know where to begin. By helping people identify their strengths and weaknesses
by use of psychometric questionnaires to create self-awareness and then an action
plan can be created for improvement areas.
An organization need to take following actions to bring in positive attitude

Fair and equal treatment and opportunities for all employees

Achievements recognised and rewarded

Open management style & Regular feedback

Open and honest communication

Clear goals & Regular training
A supportive workplace culture creates pro-active attitudes. To further develop
employees attitudes, provide them with the opportunity to assess their feelings,
beliefs and behaviors.

(578 words. Pls excuse for the 78 extra words. Thanks)

Page 3 of 5
Jaideep Vasant Solanki, ISTD Batch 67, Regn. No. 21864
 Paper I, Response Sheet No. 2

QUESTION No. 4

Define Communication. What are barriers of Communication?

ANSWER

Communication:
The process of passing any information from one person to the other with the aid
of some medium is termed as communication. It is a process by which individuals
share, cooperate, collaborate & it helps us to take an action based on the
understanding gathered. The process essentially has 2 parts, SENDER initiates
the information transfer & RECEIVER receives the information & tries to decode
or understand.
Humans communicate in various ways, communications is not always verbal, even
eyes, tone, gestures communicate. 3 basic types are,

Verbal Communication: Speeches, Dialogues, presentations etc.

Non-Verbal communication: Facial expressions, gestures, hand and hair
movements, body postures all constitute non verbal communication

Visual Communication: Here the recipient receives information from
signboards, displays, hoardings, banners, maps etc.

Barriers to Communication:
Whenever there is a difference or distortion between the information being sent
out from the sender & the information being received by the receiver we have a
barrier to communication. Any obstacle which comes in between an effective
communication is called communication barrier. Following are the important
communication barriers encountered,

Noise - Noise plays an important barrier to effective communication. E.g.
Workers at construction sites, rigs & shop floors use combination of visual &
verbal communication due to high noise levels.

Unorganized Thought - Unorganized and haphazard thoughts makes a
Dangerous Communication and a very important barrier to communication. E.g.
A senior tells the Team This Saturday is a holiday. We shall submit the Project
Saturday, so meet you then, and pls reach there at 8am. Well 9 will be OK, but
then lets make it 8.30. This is a thorough confusion.

Wrong interpretations - Imagine an employee signaling with his two hands a
image of T, an office boy can interpret it as request for tea and a colleague
would understand it as a time out break.
Page 4 of 5
Jaideep Vasant Solanki, ISTD Batch 67, Regn. No. 21864
 Paper I, Response Sheet No. 2

Not Understanding the receiver A team of young MBAs being sited

marketing strategies of early 50s, this is a gross mistake.

Ignoring the content - Content has to be clear, crisp & above all interesting.
Dont just speak; take some time to find out what you are speaking.

Avoiding the Listener Feedback is essential to improve communication,
hence encourage feedback to improve the QUALITY of communication process.

Recipients Mood Understanding recipients FRAME of mind is equally
important from communication point of view. Imagine breaking news of
promotion when a person has lost his loved one.

Low pitch and tone - Content might be accurate, crisp and even related, but
if not heard then is as good as not communicated. Correct pause after each
sentence, punctuation marks, vocal variety for emphasis on points is very
essential. Be loud and clear but dont shout.

Impatient Listener - The listener also has to be patient enough to absorb the
complete information and then respond accordingly.

Different cultural level - There is always a difference in thought process of
Individuals. E.g. Geographical, regional, vernacular, cadre etc have a impact on
the communication, in both ways.

(495 words)

Page 5 of 5
Jaideep Vasant Solanki, ISTD Batch 67, Regn. No. 21864