Studii literatura carotenoizi:
Sample
Carrot (Daucus carota): roots
wine and table grapes
cultivated in organic and
conventional agriculture:
- Five wine grape varieties (Aromat
de Iai, Traminer roz, Riesling
Italian, Feteasc regal, Muscat
Ottonel - whites);
- four table grape varieties
(Timpuriu de Cluj and Chasselas
dor - whites, Napoca and Muscat
Hamburg blue-black);
- tested in 2010, Cluj county,
Romania
- harvested 15 days before
technological maturity
- The skins were manually
separated from pulp, weighed and
frozen at 20C until analyzed.
Method of extraction
- Total carotenoids: extraction from 20
g fresh grape skin using a mixture of
methanol/ethyl acetate/petroleum
ether (1:1:1, v/v/v).
Polyphenols extraction: 10 g of grape
skin, with 10 ml of acidified
methanol (85:15 v/v, MeOH:HCl).
Analyses References
The carotenoids: Bunea et al.,
- HPLC-PDA, Chemistry Central
- reversed phase Hibar 2504 Lichrosorb Journal 2012, 6:66.
C18 column (250 4.6 mm), 5 m;
- A dual gradient mobile phase was used and
made of acetonitrile: solvent A: water (9:1,
v/v), with 0.25% triethylamine; solvent B:
ethyl acetate with 0.25% triethylamine
(N(CH2CH3)3).
- The flow rate = 1 ml/min.
- 450 nm;
The main carotenoids identified: lutein and
-carotene
Total polyphenols: Folin-Cioclteu method, 90
min in the dark, absorbance at 750 nm.
The antioxidant activity:
1. DPPH - scavenging activity assay: the
absorbance was measured at 515 nm, for 60
min, (g TE/g sample).
2. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity
(ORAC): The reaction was initiated by adding
25 l 2,2-azobis-2-amidinopropane (AAPH)
and the fluorescence was measured kinetically
at excitation wavelength 485 nm and emission
wavelength 535 nm (g TE/g sample).
1. Claudiu-Ioan Bunea, Nastasia Pop, Anca Cristina Babe, Cristian Matea, Francisc V Dulf, and Andrea Bunea, Carotenoids, total polyphenols and
antioxidant activity of grapes (Vitis vinifera) cultivated in organic and conventional systems, Chemistry Central Journal 2012, 6:66
2.