Technicaltraining.

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F25PassiveSafetySystems

BMWService
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Thefollowingsymbolisusedinthisdocumenttofacilitatebettercomprehensionortodrawattention
toveryimportantinformation:

Containsimportantsafetynotesandinformationthatneedstobeobservedstrictlyinordertoguaran-
teethesmoothoperationofthesystem.

Informationstatusandnational-marketversion

BMWGroupvehiclesmeettherequirementsofthehighestsafetyandqualitystandards.Changesin
requirementsforenvironmentalprotection,customerbenefitsanddesignrendernecessarycontinu-
ousdevelopmentofsystemsandcomponents.Consequently,theremaybediscrepanciesbetween
thecontentsofthisdocumentandthevehiclesavailableinthetrainingcourse.

ThisdocumentbasicallyrelatestotheEuropeanversionoflefthanddrivevehicles.Someoperatingel-
ementsorcomponentsarearrangeddifferentlyinright-handdrivevehiclesthanshowninthegraphics
inthisdocument.Furtherdifferencesmayariseastheresultoftheequipmentspecificationinspecific
marketsorcountries.

Additionalsourcesofinformation

Furtherinformationontheindividualtopicscanbefoundinthefollowing:

Owner'sHandbook
IntegratedServiceTechnicalApplication.

Contact:conceptinfo@bmw.de

2010BMWAG,Munich

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Theinformationcontainedinthisdocumentformsanintegralpartofthetechnicaltrainingprovidedby
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formationsystemsoftheBMWGroupforanychanges/additionstotheTechnicalData.

Statusoftheinformation:July2010
VH-23/InternationalTechnicalTraining
F25PassiveSafetySystems
Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. PassiveSafety............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2. Models............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1. Overview............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

3. Systemoverview............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
3.1. Systemwiringdiagrams..............................................................................................................................................................................3
3.1.1. Busdiagram.................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.1.2. Systemwiringdiagram................................................................................................................................................ 7

4. Functions..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1. FunctionsofCrashSafetyModule .......................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2. Crash-relevantfunctions............................................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2.1. Evaluatingthesensorsignals.......................................................................................................................10
4.2.2. Crashdetection...................................................................................................................................................................10
4.2.3. Triggertimeandtriggersequence...................................................................................................... 11
4.2.4. Triggeringtheignitioncircuitoutputstages......................................................................... 11
4.2.5. Sendingthecrashmessage...........................................................................................................................11
4.2.6. Crashdocumentation................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2.7. Emergencycallfunction....................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3. Systemmonitoringfunctions......................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.3.1. Systemselftest................................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.3.2. Displayofsystemoperability........................................................................................................................ 13
4.3.3. Cyclicmonitoring........................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.3.4. Faultdisplayandfaultstorage.................................................................................................................... 13
4.3.5. Outputoffaults(diagnosis)............................................................................................................................. 14
4.3.6. Acousticandvisualseatbeltwarning.............................................................................................14
4.3.7. Deactivatingtheairbag........................................................................................................................................... 14

5. SystemComponents......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.1. CrashSafetyModule .................................................................................................................................................................................16
5.2. Sensorsandswitches................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
5.2.1. Lateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensor,B-pillar.............................................. 16
5.2.2. Airbagsensor,frontdoor(pressure).................................................................................................. 17
5.2.3. Frontsensor........................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.2.4. SensorsintheICM....................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.2.5. CISmat............................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
5.2.6. Seatbeltbuckleswitch.......................................................................................................................................... 20
5.2.7. Emergencycallbutton............................................................................................................................................ 21
5.3. Actuators......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
F25PassiveSafetySystems
Contents
5.3.1. Driver'sairbag........................................................................................................................................................................22
5.3.2. Frontpassengerairbag.......................................................................................................................................... 22
5.3.3. Kneeairbags............................................................................................................................................................................23
5.3.4. Headairbag ............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
5.3.5. Sideairbag,front.............................................................................................................................................................. 24
5.3.6. Seatbelt ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
5.3.7. Crash-activeheadrests,front....................................................................................................................... 27
5.3.8. Safetybatteryterminal............................................................................................................................................ 29
5.3.9. Airbagindicatorlight.................................................................................................................................................. 30
5.3.10. Seatbeltwarninglight.............................................................................................................................................30
5.3.11. Indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation........................................ 30
F25PassiveSafetySystems
1.Introduction
1.1.PassiveSafety
ThepassivesafetysystemoftheF25isbasedontheobjectivesandcharacteristicsofcurrentBMW
models.

Forthis,extensivemeasuresweretakenonthebodyandontheoccupantssafetyandprotectionsys-
tems.Inadditiontotherestraintsystem,aspecialbodystructurewithadefinedcrashbehaviorisal-
sopartofthepassivesafetysystem.Intheeventofancollision,theforcesintroducedarereducedina
definedmannerandthereforehavelessonanimpactontheoccupants.

Therestraintsystemsensurethattheriskofinjuryisfurtherreduced.

The4thgenerationAdvancedCrashSafetyModule(ACSM4)isusedasthecentralairbagcontrol
unitinthepassivesafetysystemfortheF25.Asisthecasewiththe3rdgenerationACSM,thecen-
tralsensorsystemisoutsidethecontrolunit,andisnotwithinaseparatecentralsensoreither.Instead,
theACSMevaluatessensordatafromtheICM.

ThefrontvehicleoftheF25wasoptimizedforpedestrianprotection.Thesoftdeformationpathsun-
derthehoodensurecompliancewithalllegalrequirementsforpedestrianprotection.Anactivehood
notrequiredwiththeF25.

F25Passivesafetysystem

1
F25PassiveSafetySystems
2.Models
2.1.Overview
Inthe4thgeneration,aCrashSafetyModuleisinstalledasthepassivesafetysystemintheF25.The
followingtableprovidesanoverviewoftheversionsinstalledfordifferentmodels:

Series Model Usedasof Version

E60 5-SeriesSedan 09/2005 ACSM1
E61 5-SeriesTouring 09/2005 ACSM1
E63 6-SeriesCoup 09/2005 ACSM1
E64 6-SeriesConvertible 09/2005 ACSM1
E83 X5SAV 11/2003 MRS4RD
E85 Z4Roadster 01/2006 ACSM1
E86 Z4Coup 05/2006 ACSM1
E88 1-SeriesConvertible 04/2008 ACSM2
E70 X5SAV 11/2006 ACSM2
E71 X6SAC 04/2008 ACSM2
E93 3-SeriesConvertible 03/2007 ACSM2
F01 7-SeriesSedan 11/2008 ACSM3
F02 7-SeriesSedanlong 11/2008 ACSM3
version
F07 5-SeriesGranTuris- 10/2009 ACSM3
mo
F10 5-SeriesSedan 03/2010 ACSM3
F25 X3SAV 11/2010 ACSM4

2
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
3.1.Systemwiringdiagrams
ThefollowingbusoverviewshowsthevehiclecircuitstructureoftheF25andincorporationofthe
modulesonthePT-CAN.

3
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
3.1.1.Busdiagram

F25Busoverview

4
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
Index Explanation
1 Wakeablecontrolunits
2 Controlunitswithwake-upauthorization
3 Start-upnodecontrolunitsforstartingupandsynchronizingtheFlexRaybus
system
ACSM AdvancedCrashSafetyModule
AMPT TopHiFiamplifier
CAS CarAccessSystem
CID Centralinformationdisplay
COMBOX Combox(Comboxmultimedia,Comboxmultimediawithtelematics)
CON Controller
DCAN Diagnosis-on-ControllerAreaNetwork
DME DigitalMotorElectronics
DSC DynamicStabilityControl
DVDC DVDchanger
EDC ElectronicDamperControl
EGS Electronictransmissioncontrol
EKPS Electronicfuelpumpcontrol
EMF Electromechanicalparkingbrake
EPS Electronicpowersteering(electromechanicalpowersteering)
Ethernet Cable-baseddatanetworktechnologyforlocaldatanetworks
FLA High-beamassistant
FlexRay Fast,presetandfault-tolerantbussystemforuseinautomotivesector
FRM Footwellmodule
FZD Rooffunctioncenter
GWS Gearselectorswitch
HEADUNIT Headunit(carinformationcomputerorcarinformationcomputerbasicII)
HKL Automaticoperationoftailgate
HUD HeadUpDisplay
ICM IntegratedChassisManagement
IHKA AutomaticintegratedheatingandA/Ccontrolunit
JBE Junctionboxelectronics
K-CAN. Bodycontrollerareanetwork
KCAN2 Bodycontrollerareanetwork2
KOMBI Instrumentpanel
MOST MediaOrientedSystemTransport

5
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
Index Explanation
OBD On-boarddiagnosis(diagnosticsocket)
PDC ParkDistanceControl
PTCAN Powertraincontrollerareanetwork
PTCAN2 Powertraincontrollerareanetwork2
RAD Radio
SMFA Driver'sseatmodule
TPMS TirePressureMonitoringSystem
TRSVC Controlunitforcamerasystems
VDM Verticaldynamicsmanagement
VTG Transferbox
ZGM Centralgatewaymodule

6
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
3.1.2.Systemwiringdiagram

F25Systemwiringdiagram

7
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
Index Explanation
1 Centralgatewaymodule
2 Frontsensor,leftenginesupport
3 Instrumentpanel
4 CarAccessSystem
5 CrashSafetyModule
6 Frontsensor,rightenginesupport
7 Terminal30B
8 Airbagsensor,frontdoor,left(pressure)
9 Driver'sairbag,two-stage
10 Clockspring
11 Kneeairbag,driver
12 Indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation
13 Frontpassengerairbag,two-stage
14 Airbagsensor,frontdoor,right(pressure)
15 Headairbag,left
16 Accelerationsensor,B-pillaronleft
17 Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter,driver
18 Seatbeltbucklecontact,driver
19 Seat-positionsensor,driver
20 Sideairbag,driver'sside
21 Crash-activeheadrest,driver
22 IntegratedChassisManagement
23 Seatbeltbucklecontact,frontpassenger
24 Seatoccupancymat,CISmat
25 Crash-activeheadrest,frontpassenger
26 Sideairbag,frontpassenger
27 Headairbag,right
28 Accelerationsensor,B-pillaronright
29 Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter,frontpassenger
30 COMBOX
31 Safetybatteryterminal

8
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
4.1.FunctionsofCrashSafetyModule
ThefunctionoftheCrashSafetyModuleistopermanentlyevaluateallsensorsignalsinordertoiden-
tifyacrashsituation.Asaresultofthesensorsignalsandtheirevaluation,theCrashSafetyModule
identifiesthedirectionofthecrashandtheseverityoftheimpact.

Inaddition,informationontheseatoccupancyofthefrontpassengerseatandwhetherornotthe
driver'sand/orfrontpassenger'sseatbeltisfastenedisusedasinput.Fromthisinformation,mea-
suresaretakentoselectivelyactivatethenecessaryrestraintsystems.

TheCrashSafetyModulemonitorsthesystemitselfandindicateswhenitisreadyforoperationby
switchingofftheairbagindicatorlight.

Ifanerroroccursduringoperationthisisstoredinafaultmemoryandcanbereadoutfordiagnosis
purposes.

Ifacrashsituationisdetected,acrashmessageissenttotheothercomponentsinthedatabusnet-
workasnotification.Therelevantcontrolunitsrespondtothissignalbyexecutingtheirownactivities
accordingtotheseverityofthecrash.

Theactivitiesinclude:

Openingthecentrallockingsystem
Activationofhazardwarningflasher
Switchingontheinteriorlight
Deactivatingthefuelpump
Automaticemergencycall.

AnadditionalfunctionoftheCrashSafetyModuleistheacousticseatbeltwarningthatremindsthe
driverandfrontpassengerusingvisualandacousticsignalsthefastentheirseatbelts.

ThefunctionsoftheCrashSafetyModulearegenerallydividedintothefollowingareas:

Crash-relevantfunctions
Systemmonitoringfunctions
Additionalconveniencefunctions.

4.2.Crash-relevantfunctions
TheCrashSafetyModulemustfulfilthefollowingcrash-relevantfunctions:

Evaluatingthesensorsignals
Crashdetection
Specifyingthetriggertimeandtriggersequence
Triggeringtheignitioncircuitoutputstages

9
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
Sendingthecrashmessagetoallbususers
Crashdocumentation
Emergencycallfunction.

4.2.1.Evaluatingthesensorsignals
Thesensorsservetoidentifyandverifyfront-end,side-onandrear-endcrashes.

ThesensorsaredirectlyconnectedtotheCrashSafetyModulewheretheirsignalsareevaluatedand
processed.

4.2.2.Crashdetection
TheUSversionofthevehiclesisalsoequippedwiththefollowingsensors:

oneairbagsensortomonitorthepressureineachofthefrontdoors(blue).
onefrontsensoroneachoftheenginesupports(red).
onerollratesensorintheICM
oneverticalaccelerationsensorintheICM

Thefrontsensorsontheenginesupportsassistwiththeidentificationofafront-endcrashandthe
correspondingseverity.

Theairbagsensorsinthecardoors(blue)assistwiththeidentificationofaside-oncrash.

F25SensorsinUSversionofvehicles

10
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
4.2.3.Triggertimeandtriggersequence
TheCrashSafetyModuleusesthevaluestransmittedbythesensorstodeterminethedirectionand
severityofthecrash.

Inthecaseofafront-endcrash,correspondinghighaccelerationvaluesfromthelongitudinalaccelera-
tionsensorsintheB-pillarandICMrespectivelymustbedetectedforexample.Analgorithmusesthe
accelerationstocalculatetheseverityanddirectionofthecrash.Thisinformationisusedtoassistcal-
culationofthetriggertimesandsequenceinwhichtherestraintsystemsareactivated.

Apossibleimminentrolloverisalsodetectedandtheappropriateprotectionsystemsareenergized.

4.2.4.Triggeringtheignitioncircuitoutputstages
TheCrashSafetyModuleissuppliedbytheCarAccessSystem4CAS4withterminal30b.TheCrash
SafetyModuleisinofflinemodewithterminal30B.Thismeansthatitisactiveonthedatabusandcan
performalldiagnosticfunctions.Triggeringoftheignitioncircuitsisblockedandisonlyenabledasof
terminal15oncethesystemself-testiscomplete.TheCrashSafetyModuleisalsoreadyforignition,
evenwiththelogicalterminalRafterengineoff.

Theignitioncapacitorsarerechargedviaaswitchingcontroller.Theseignitioncapacitorsmakethefir-
ingenergyavailableintheeventofacrash.Ifthevoltagesupplyisinterruptedduringacrash,theigni-
tioncapacitorsservebrieflyasanenergyreserve.

Theignitioncircuitoutputstagesconsistofahigh-sideandalow-sidepowerswitch.Thehigh-side
powerswitchcontrolstheignitionvoltage,whilethelow-sidepowerswitchswitchestoground.The
ignitioncircuitoutputstagesarecontrolledbyamicro-controller.

Thehigh-sideandlow-sidepowerswitchesalsoservethepurposeofcheckingtheignitioncircuits
duringthesystemself-test.

4.2.5.Sendingthecrashmessage
Intheeventofacollisioninvolvingactivationoftherestraintsystems,theCrashSafetyModulesends
acrashmessagetothebususersinthebus-systemnetwork.Intandemwiththis,theComboxis
promptedtosendanemergencycallviaadirectsingle-wireconnection.

Asaresult,therespectivecontrolunitsperformthefollowingfunctionsdependingonthecrashseveri-
ty:

Function Controlunit
Switchoffelectricfuelpump DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)or
viaelectronicfuelpumpcontrol(EKPS)
Releasecentrallockingsystem JunctionboxelectronicsJBE
Switchonhazardwarningflashers FootwellmoduleFRM
Switchoninteriorlights FootwellmoduleFRM
Transmitemergencycall(onlywithairbagde- Combox
ployment)

11
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
4.2.6.Crashdocumentation
Intheeventofacollisionwhereoneormoreactuatorsareactivated,acrashentryisstoredinanon-
erasablememory.Afterthreecrashentries,anon-erasablefaultentryisstoredinthefaultmemory
withtheinstructiontoreplacetheCrashSafetyModule.

Thethreecrashentriescouldalsobestoredduringthecourseofanaccident.Eachcrashentryisas-
signedasystemtime.Thecontrolunitremainscapableoffiringevenafterthreecrashentries.The
crashentriescannotbeerasedandservethepurposeofsubsequentdevicediagnosis.Amaximumof
threecrashentriescanbestored.Thecontrolunitmustthenbereplaced.

4.2.7.Emergencycallfunction
TheemergencycallfunctionismadepossiblewiththeBMWAssistinfrastructure.Anotherprerequi-
siteforbeingabletomakeanemergencycallistheavailabilityofatelephonenetwork.

InadditiontotheemergencycallfunctionincludedintheComboxmultimediawithtelematics,thecus-
tomeralsohasaccesstoarangeofotherconveniencefunctions.

Amanualandautomaticemergencycallfunctionisincludedasstandard.Thecustomeralsohasthe
optionofactivatingabreakdowncall.IfthevehicleisequippedwithaCombox,atelematicsantenna,
anemergencyantenna,ahands-freesystemandaGPSantennafordeterminingthelocationarealso
installed.

Manualemergencycall

Driverswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedintheaccidentcanusethemanualemergencycalltorequestas-
sistance.

TheemergencycallbuttonislocatedintherooffunctioncenterandisconnectedtotheComboxdi-
rectly.

Voicecontactwiththerelevantserviceproviderisestablishedbypressingtheemergencycallbutton.
ThevoicecontactisindicatedbyaflashingLEDintheswitch.

Automaticemergencycall

TheCrashSafetyModulesendsamessagetotheComboxintheeventofanaccidentwithcorre-
spondingcrashseverity.TheComboxsendsanemergencycall,andalsothelocationofthevehicleif
available.

Attemptsaremadeatthesametimetoestablishavoicecontactwiththeoccupantsofthevehiclein
ordertoobtainmoredetailedinformationabouttheaccident(e.g.numberofinjuredpersons).Addi-
tionalrescueoperationsareinitiatedaccordingly.

Extendedautomaticemergencycall

Inaddition,theemergencycall(AdvancedAutomaticCrashNotification)functionfeaturesinvehicles
withBMWAssist.

12
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
TheriskofinjuryisdeterminedusingthedifferentsensordataobtainedbytheAdvancedAutomatic
CrashNotificationsystemandtransmittedtotherescuecoordinationcenter.

Theemergencycallcontainsadditionalspecificinformationonthecircumstancesoftheaccident.
Thismeansthatmorepreciseinformationregardingtheaccidentandriskofinjuryisthereforeavail-
ableatthecallcenterandcanbeforwardedtotherescuecoordinationcenter.Theemergencycoordi-
nationcentercantheninitiatetheappropriatemeasures.

4.3.Systemmonitoringfunctions
TheCrashSafetyModulehasthefollowingsystemmonitoringfunctions:

Systemself-test(pre-drivecheck)
Displayofsystemoperability
Cyclicmonitoring
Faultdisplayandfaultstorage
Outputoffaults(diagnosis)
Acousticandvisualseatbeltwarning
Deactivationofthefrontpassengerairbagandsideairbag

4.3.1.Systemselftest
TheCrashSafetyModuleperformsasystemselftestfromterminal15.Theairbagindicatorlightisen-
ergizedforroughlyfivesecondsduringthesystemselftest.

Oncethesystemselftestiscompleteandnofaultshavebeenidentified,theairbagindicatorlight
goesoutandthesystemisreadytooperate.

4.3.2.Displayofsystemoperability
TheairbagindicatorlightintheinstrumentpanelgoesouttoindicatethattheCrashSafetyModuleis
readyforoperation.

4.3.3.Cyclicmonitoring
Oncethesystemself-testhasbeensuccessfullyconcludedandthesystemisreadyforoperation,
acyclicmonitoringprocedureisperformedforfaultmonitoringpurposes.Cyclicmonitoringserves
thepurposeofinternaldiagnosisofthecontrolunitandtheoverallairbagsystem.Cyclicalmonitoring
takesplacecontinuouslyfromterminal15.ThisalsocontinueswhenlogicalterminalRisreachedafter
theengineisswitchedoff.

4.3.4.Faultdisplayandfaultstorage
TheCrashSafetyModulehasanon-volatilefaultmemory.Theairbagindicatorlightlightsuptoindi-
cateafaultentry.

13
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
Events,suchastheactivationofanairbagorbelttensioner,arealsostoredinthefaultmemory.

Ifthefaultmemorycontainstheentrythattherestraintsystemhasbeenactivated,thisonlymeansthe
ignitedrestraintsystemisnotavailableforfurtheractivationandnotthatitmalfunctionedduringthe
crash.

4.3.5.Outputoffaults(diagnosis)
ThefaultmemorycanbereadoutviathediagnosticinterfacewiththeassistanceoftheIntegrated
ServiceTechnicalApplicationISTAintheBMWdiagnosissystem.Afterrectifyingthefaultsorafterre-
newingactivatedcomponents,thefaultmemorycanbeclearedwiththediagnosiscommand"Clear
faultmemory".

4.3.6.Acousticandvisualseatbeltwarning
AnacousticandvisualseatbeltwarningisastandardfeatureofallvehiclesequippedwiththeCrash
SafetyModule.TheCrashSafetyModulerecordswhetherornotthedriverorfrontpassengerhave
fastenedtheirseatbelts.Iftheyhavenot,anacousticandvisualwarningisoutputtoremindthemto
fastentheirseatbelts.Bothseatbeltbuckleswitchesaremonitoredseparately.

4.3.7.Deactivatingtheairbag
Provisionismadeinthevehiclefortheairbagtobedeactivatedautomaticallyinordertosatisfythe
regulationsoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationNHTSA.Theairbagisdeactivated
whenthechildseatslistedintheregulationareused.

TheOccupantClassification3mat(OC3mat)hasbeenreplacedwiththeCapacitiveInteriorSensing
mat(CISmat)onallnewBMWmodels.

TheCISmatusestwoelements:asensorwirethatrunsparalleltotheseatheatingintheseatcush-
ionandanevaluationunit.TheCISmatmeasuresthecapacityandohmicresistancebetweenthesen-
sorwire(anode)andthevehicleground(cathode)atafrequencyof120kHz.TheCISmatdetermines
fromthechangeincapacityandresistancewhetherthefrontpassengerseatisoccupiedbyanadult
orachildinachildseat.

14
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions

MeasuringprocedureofCISmatusingF07asexample

Thedeactivationofthefrontpassengerairbagandsideairbagonthefrontpassengersideissignalled
bytheindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation.

Theindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationintherooffunctioncenterlightsupifachild
restraintsystemthathasbeentestedinaccordancewiththeNHTSAregulationsandisholdingasmall
childisdetectedonthefrontpassengerseat,orifthefrontpassengerseatisunoccupied.

Thedisplaybrightnessiscontrolledbyautomaticregulationofthedisplayillumination.

15
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
5.1.CrashSafetyModule
TheCrashSafetyModuleisaccommodatedinahousingwiththreesockets.

Twosocketsservetoconnectthewiringharness.Anadditionalsocketisprovidedfortheinterior
wiringharness.

F25CrashSafetyModule

TheCrashSafetyModuleislocatedbehindtheglovebox.

TheCrashSafetyModulenolongercontainsanysensors.ThesensorsarelocatedintheICMonthe
transmissiontunnel.

5.2.Sensorsandswitches
Thefollowingsensorsandswitchesareinstalled:

LateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensorsinICM
RollratesensorintheICM
VerticalaccelerationsensorinICM
LateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensorsontheB-pillars
Oneairbagsensorineachofthefrontdoors(pressure)
Onefrontsensoroneachoftheenginesupports
CISmat
Seatbeltbuckleswitch
Emergencycallbutton

5.2.1.Lateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensor,B-pillar
ThelateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensorsintheB-pillarsassistwiththeidentificationoffront-
endcrashes,side-oncrashesandrear-endcrashes.

TheB-pillarairbagsensorconsistsofalongitudinalaccelerationsensorandalateralaccelerationsen-
sor.TheaccelerationsensorsmeasureboththeaccelerationandthedecelerationintheXandYdirec-
tions.TheresultantfromtheXandYsignalsisthedefinitivefactorinidentifyingthedirectionofthe

16
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
crash.TheairbagsensorsintheB-pillarassistwiththeidentificationoffront-end,side-onandrear-
endcrashes.TheB-pillarairbagsensorsontheleftandrightareofidenticaldesignandareallocated
bywayofmechanicalcodingduringinstallation.

F10Lateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensor,B-pillar

5.2.2.Airbagsensor,frontdoor(pressure)
Thepurposeoftheairbagsensorsinthefrontdoorsistoassistwithidentifyingside-oncrashes.Inad-
ditiontothehighlateralaccelerationvaluesthatarepresent,thepressureinthedoorcavityalsoin-
creasesintheeventofaside-oncrash.

Theairbagsensorsinthefrontdoorsservetoverifytheplausibilityoftheaccelerationsignalsfromthe
B-pillarairbagsensorsandtheICMwhenasidecrashisdetected.Theairbagsensorsaresituatedin
theinnerdoorpanelofthefrontdoorsandmeasuretheincreaseinpressureintheeventofasidecol-
lision.Intheeventofasidecollisionwiththedoor,theouterdoorpanelispressedinward,thusreduc-
ingthedoorinteriorandincreasingthepressure.Thispressurechangeismeasuredbytheairbagsen-
sors.Theairbagsensoralsoincludeselectronics,inadditiontothepressuresensor,thatdigitizethe
pressurereadingsandtransmitthemcyclicallytotheCrashSafetyModule.Thedataistransferredin
thesamewayastheB-pillarairbagsensors.ThepressurereadingsareevaluatedintheCrashSafety
Module.

17
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents

F25Airbagsensor,frontdoor(pressure)

5.2.3.Frontsensor
Twofrontsensorsareinstalledinthefrontareaoftheenginesupport.Themeasuredvaluesarefor-
wardedtotheCrashSafetyModulewheretheyareevaluated.

Thesensorsinthefrontareaofthesidememberontheleftandrightassistwithidentificationofa
front-endcrash.

Theydeliveradditionalinformationtothecrashsafetymoduleonthecharacteristicsandseverityof
thecollision.Eachsensorconsistsofanaccelerationsensorforrecordingthedeceleration,signalpro-
cessingtechnologyandanASICfordatatransfer.Themeasuredvaluesaresentintheformofadata
telegramtothecrashsafetymoduleandareusedcalculatethecrashseverity.

18
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents

F25Frontsensor,enginesupport

5.2.4.SensorsintheICM
TheICMcontrolunitislocatedcentrallyonthetransmissiontunnel.Inadditiontothedrivingdynamics
controlsensors,theICMintheF25alsoincorporateslongitudinalandlateralaccelerationsensorsfor
crashdetection.ThesensorsintheICMofF25replacethecentralsensorthatwasusedwiththeAC-
SM3.

TheICMisconnectedtotheACSMdirectlyviafourlinesforthepurposeoftransmittinglongitudinal
andlateralaccelerationsensordataalongwithsensordataoftherollratesensorandtheverticalac-
celerationsensors.

ThesensordataoftheICMassiststheACSMwithside-onorfront-endcrashidentificationandroll-
overdetection.

F25ICM

19
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
5.2.5.CISmat
Thecapacitiveinteriorsensingmat(CISmat)isfittedinthefrontpassengerseatinsteadoftheseat
occupancymat.TheCISmatcandetectwhetherthefrontpassengerseatisoccupiedbyanadultora
childinachildseat.Theindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationlightsuptosignaldeac-
tivationofthefrontpassengerfrontandsideairbags.

5.2.6.Seatbeltbuckleswitch
Theseatbeltbuckleswitchesarelocatedintheseatbeltbucklesofthedriverandfrontpassenger
seat.

Theseatbeltbuckleswitchdetectswhethertheseatbeltbuckletongueisintheseatbeltbuckle.The
CrashSafetyModulesuppliespowertothesensorsandperformstheevaluation.

Fromterminal15,theseatbeltbuckleswitchispermanentlymonitoredandusedforthevisualand
acousticseatbeltwarningandalsotodeterminewhichrestraintsystemsaretriggered.

F25Seatbeltbuckleswitch

20
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
5.2.7.Emergencycallbutton
Theemergencycallbuttonislocatedintherooffunctioncenter.

F25Rooffunctioncenterwithemergencycallbutton

5.3.Actuators
ThefollowingactuatorsareinstalledintheF25:

Two-stagedriver'sairbag
Two-stagefrontpassengerairbag
Kneeairbagonleft
Headairbagonleftandright
Sideairbagonfrontleftandright
Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter
Crash-activeheadrestsonfrontleftandright
Safetybatteryterminal.

Inaddition,thefollowingindicatorlightsinformthevehicleoccupantsabouttheconditionofthesafety
systems:

Airbagindicatorlight
Seatbeltwarninglight
Indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation

Thefollowinggraphicshowstheairbagsintheactivatedstate.Dependingonthetypeofcrash,only
specificairbagsareactivated.

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F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents

F25Airbags

5.3.1.Driver'sairbag
Thepurposeofthedriver'sairbagistoreducetheriskofinjurytothedriverincombinationwiththe
seatbeltintheeventofafront-endcollision.Thedriver'sairbagislocatedinthesteeringwheelimpact
plate.

Atwo-stagegeneratorisinstalledwhichcanbeusedtoactivatethestageswithatimedifference,de-
pendingontheseverityofthecrashthathasbeendetected.

5.3.2.Frontpassengerairbag
Thepurposeofthefrontpassengerairbagistoreducetheriskofaccidenttothefrontpassenger
intheeventofafront-endcollision.Thefrontpassengerairbagislocatedinthedashboard.When
thefrontpassengerairbagexpands,thedashboardtearsopenatdefinedpoints.Thefrontpassen-
gerairbagopenstowardsthewindscreen,emergesintheupwardsdirectionandissupportedonthe
windscreenanddashboard.

Atwo-stagegeneratorisinstalledinwhichcanbeusedtoactivatethestageswithatimedifference,
dependingontheseverityofthecrashthathasbeendetected.

22
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents

F25Frontpassengerairbag

Index Explanation
1 Cover
2 Firststageignitionsquib
3 Housing,airbag
4 Gasgenerator
5 Secondstageignitionsquib

5.3.3.Kneeairbags
Kneeairbagsareusedforthefrontdriverandpassenger.

23
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents

F25Kneeairbag

5.3.4.Headairbag
HeadairbagsareinstalledintheF25toprotecttheoccupant'shead.

TheheadairbagextendsfromtheA-pillartotheC-pillarandcoverstheentireareaofthesidewin-
dows.Itexpandsbetweentheoccupantsandsidestructure.

Systemfeatures:

Extendedcoveredareaacrossallfrontandrearsidewindows
Protectionofoccupantsfromglasssplinters
Coveredareafordifferent-sizedoccupantsoptimized.

5.3.5.Sideairbag,front
Aswithallcurrentmodels,thesideairbagatthefrontignitesoutofthefrontseatbackrest.

Thesideairbagsandgasgeneratorsareaccommodatedinaplastichousing,theairbagmodule.This
isinstalledinthefrontseatbackrestandisdisguisedbytherearpanel.

Ifactivated,thesideairbagemergesoutwardsbetweenthebackrestframeandbackrestrearpanel
andspreadsbetweenthesidestructureandoccupant.

Itisimportanttoensurethatnoadditionalseatcoversarefittedastheywouldgreatlyimpairthefunc-
tionofthesideairbag,orevenimmobilizeitaltogether.

24
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents

F25Seatwithsideairbag

Index Explanation
1 Sideairbag

5.3.6.Seatbelt
Thefamiliarthree-pointseatbeltsareusedastheseatbeltsystemsintheF25.

F25Seatbelt

25
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
Index Explanation
1 Seatbeltbuckletensioner(notforUS)
2 Sideairbag
3 Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter(USversion)

Automaticreelwithlinearforcelimiter

Intheeventofafront-endorrear-endcrashorrollover,theautomaticreelblockstheextensionofthe
seatbeltinordertorestraintheoccupants.Thebeltforcelimiterlimitstheloadexertedbythebelton
theoccupantsduringtheaccidentandtheairbagsprovidetheremainingrestrainingeffect.Intermsof
theireffecttherefore,theairbagsandseatbeltsarepreciselyharmonizedwithoneanother.Theload
ontheoccupantsisreducedbymeansofreducedbeltforcesandextensivesupportbytheairbag.

Withthelinearsystem,thebeltforceislimitedbythetwistingmotionofatorsionbarspringintheseat
beltinertiareel.

Whenthebeltforcelimiterresponds,theairbagalsoabsorbstheremainingforcesnottakenupbythe
seatbelt.Forthisreason,theairbagandseatbeltarepreciselymatchedtooneanother.

F25Automaticreelwithforcelimitation

26
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
Index Explanation
A Torsionbarspringunstressed
B Torsionbarspringtwisted

Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter

Anautomatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiterforthedriverandfrontpassengerisbuilt
intotheF25.Inadditiontoforcelimitationeffectedbyatorsionbarspring,theseatbeltstrapisretract-
edwiththeassistanceofagasgeneratorinordertoreducebeltslackpriortoforwardsdisplacement
oftheoccupant.

Byharmonizingtheindividualpassivesafetycomponents,theseatbeltwithtensioner,forcelimiter
andairbag,thekineticenergyactingontheoccupantsisdissipatedmoreevenlyforthedurationofthe
crash.Thusloweroccupantstressvaluesareachieved.Byusingtheautomatictensionerwithlinear
mechanicalforcelimiterthiseliminatestheneedforanadditionalseatbeltbuckletensioner.

TheautomatictensionerswithlinearmechanicalforcelimiterusedintheF25havebeendeveloped
basedonthesystemusedintheE70.

5.3.7.Crash-activeheadrests,front
TwoversionsareavailablefortheF25,dependingonwhichseatisinstalled.Bothareaheadrestraint
withapyrotechnicactuatorthatoptimizesthedistanceandheightinrelationtotheheadifarear-end
collisionofsufficientforceoccurs.Thisreducestheloadonthecervicalvertebraeintheeventofa
rear-endcollision.Theheadrestraintisactivatedearly,evenpriortobackwardsdisplacementofthe
occupant'shead.

Toprovidethebestpossibledegreeofcomfort,thefrontsectionofthemanuallyadjustableheadre-
straintcanbepulledforwardsorpushedbackwardsbyapproximately30mm.Thesettingismadein
twostages.Thisallowsforthreedifferentpositionsfortheheadrestraintdepthadjustment.

27
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents

F25Crash-activeheadrests

Index Explanation
A Drivingposition
B Supportactivated
C Crashposition
1 Support,upperpart
2 Tensionspring
3 Support,lowersectionwithpyrotechnics

28
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
Thecrash-activeheadrestreducestheloadinthecervicalvertebraeintheeventofarear-endcollision.
Forthevehicleoccupantstherefore,correctadjustmentoftheheadrestraintandthedistanceofthe
headfromtheheadrestraintisofcrucialimportance.

Intheeventofarear-endcollision,thecrash-activeheadrestreducesthedistancebetweenthehead
andtheheadrestraintbeforetheoccupantsaredisplacedbackwards.Thisreducesthedangerofin-
jurytothecervicalvertebrae,evenifaminoraccidentoccurs.

Ifthecrash-activeheadrestshavebeentriggered,thepyrotechnicactuatorsmustbereplacedinthe
workshop.Inthiscasepleasealwaysrefertotherepairinstructions.

Seatorheadrestraintcoversand/oraccessoriesthatcouldimpairtheprotectiveeffectmustnotbe
mountedontheheadrestraints.

5.3.8.Safetybatteryterminal
ThesafetybatteryterminalistriggeredatdifferentthresholdswhentheCrashSafetyModuledetects
afront-end,side-onorrear-endcrashofsufficientseverity.Theconnectionlinebetweenthebattery
andstartermotor/alternatorandpositivebatteryconnectionpointisthenseveredbymeansofpy-
rotechnics.Thesafetybatteryterminalislocateddirectlyatthepositiveterminalofthebattery.

Eventhoughthesafetybatteryterminalhasbeenexplosivelysevered,avoltagesupplytoallsafe-
ty-relevantconsumerssuchashazardwarningflashers,interiorlightandtelephoneisstillensured.

F25Safetybatteryterminal

29
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
5.3.9.Airbagindicatorlight
TheairbagindicatorlightislocatedontheinstrumentpanelTheairbagindicatorlightlightsupthen
goesoutduringthepre-drivechecktosignalreadinessoftheCrashSafetyModuleandpassivesafe-
tysystems.TheairbagindicatorlightiscontrolledviaamessageonthePT-CANfromtheCrashSafe-
tyModuletotheinstrumentpanel.Theinstrumentpanelreceivesamessagecyclically.Ifthemessage
remainsoff,theairbagindicatorlightisactivated.

F25Airbagindicatorlight(exampleshowshighversionofinstrumentpanel)

5.3.10.Seatbeltwarninglight
Avisualandaudiblewarningisissuediftheseatbeltisnotfastenedorisunbuckledwhenthevehicle
isinmotion.

F25Seatbeltwarninglight(exampleshowshighversionofinstrumentpanel)

5.3.11.Indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation
TheindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationintheF25isintherooffunctioncenter.The
indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationisactivatediftheCISmatdetectsasmallchildin
achildseatorifthefrontpassengerseatisnotoccupied.

30
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
Thebrightnessoftheindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationiscontrolledviatheauto-
maticbrightnesscontrolofthedisplayillumination.

F25Rooffunctioncenterwithindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation

31
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