The Assembly of the Union

The Executive Council

The Pan-African Parliament

Judicial and Human Rights Institutions

The Commission

The Permanent Representatives Committee

The Specialized Technical Committees

The Peace & Security Council

The Financial Institutions

The Economic, Social & Cultural Council

Legal Organs

The Assembly

The Executive Council

The Permanent Representatives' Committee.

The Court of Justice

Peace and Security Council (PSC).

Pan-African Parliament

ECOSOCC

THE AU COMMISSION

The Commission is the key organ playing a central role in the day-to-day management of
the African Union. Among others, it represents the Union and defends its interests; It
elaborates draft common positions of the Union; It prepares strategic plans and studies
for the consideration of the Executive Council; It elaborates, promotes, coordinates and

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 harmonizes the programmes and policies of the Union with those of the RECs; IT ensures
the mainstreaming of gender in all programmes and activities of the Union.

Members of the Commission

1. Chairperson;
2. Deputy Chairperson;
3. Eight (8) Commissioners.
4. Staff members

The Specialized Technical Committees

The following Specialized Technical Committees are meant to address sectorial issues
and are at Ministerial Level:

The Committee on Rural Economy and Agricultural Matters;

The Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs;
The Committee on Trade, Customs and Immigration Matters;
The Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, Energy, Natural Resources and
Environment;
The Committee on Transport, Communications and Tourism;
The Committee on Health, Labour and Social Affairs; and
The Committee on Education, Culture and Human Resources.

The Financial Institutions

a. The African Central bank

b. The African Monetary Fund
c. The African Investment Bank

What are achievements and challenges facing AU Peace keeping interventions?

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Peacekeeping missions have had mixed results in Africa. Those that took place
nearly a decade ago in West Africa in cooperation with ECOWAS
in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Ivory Coastare widely hailed as successes, whereas
current missions to CAR, DRC, Mali, South Sudan, and Darfur, have not improved
stability. These missions have failed largely because they were deployed in a
context of ongoing war where the belligerents themselves did not want to stop
fighting or preying on civilians, says Williams. He says that these missions have
nonetheless managed to protect many civilians and reduced some of the worst
consequences of civil war.

Peacekeepers have come under fire for failing to intervene at critical moments: The
UNs 2014 internal investigation found that peacekeepers only responded to one in
five cases in which civilians were threatened and that they failed to use force in the
ten deadliest attacks on civilians between 2010 and 2013. A 2014 Human Rights
Watch report claims that UN peacekeepers and Congolese forces failed to prevent an
attack in the DRC that left at least thirty civilians dead. In other cases, peacekeeping
forces have been accused of commiting human rights abuses: AU peacekeepers were
implicated in the disappearances of eleven people in CAR in 2014, and French
peacekeepers are under investigation for sexual assault there.

AU peacekeeping operation successful?

To be effective, peace operations need to be part of a broader toolbox of conflict-

management instruments and a strategy to achieve conflict resolution and
reconciliation, Williams explains. Broader use of diplomatic tools, such as
mediation, negotiations, peace enforcement (which can include Security Council
backed military action), and peace building, defined as strengthening national
capacities for conflict management, might reduce reliance on force by
peacekeepers. Good relations with the host state are also crucial if the mission is to

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be part of a genuine process and effective political settlement. Peacekeepers should
not be expected to end wars if these broader tools are absent or the belligerents
themselves do not want peace,

Experts agree that the most successful peacekeeping missions are tied to an effective
political strategy, have clear goals and expectations, and are well trained and funded.
Over the longer term, peace operations tend to succeed where they have clear
political strategies for bringing old enemies together, says Gowan. Without a
political strategy, even a significant military deployment will lose traction over
time.

Bruce Jones of the Brookings Institution says peacekeepers need more latitude to
operate and more support from wealthy nations.
That for peacekeepers to be effective, they need authorization to conduct offensive
operations and to receive more advanced training and equipment. Countries with
more developed military capabilitiescountries from the OECDneed to come
back into peacekeeping in a way they havent been in recent years

The United Republic of Tanzania

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation

General guidelines and origins of Tanzania's foreign policy

The main vision of Tanzanian foreign policy and international cooperation is to become
an effective promoter of Tanzanias economic and other interests abroad. The main

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mission at this point should be, to conduct an effective diplomacy that will generate
economic activity and facilitate Tanzanias rapid transformation and development.1

3.2. Pan-Africanism

Some of the key elements of Tanzanias foreign policy also include the principles of Pan-
Africanism, which, in the era of imperialism, gave birth to the concepts of Africa for
Africans and one Africa, one destiny. These concepts reject the colonial occupation
and division of Africa and demand that free African countries should unite. Commitment
to the unity of Africa is therefore one of the key pillars of Tanzanias foreign policy.

3.3. Economic diplomacy and solving poverty problem

To reach one of the key goals of its foreign policy, namely the countrys socio-economic
welfare and security interests, which arise directly from the state of its national economy,
Tanzania has adopted the strategy of economic diplomacy2 which is based on promoting
export-oriented trade policies, trade promotion in manufactured goods, technology
transfer, promotion of foreign direct investment and knowledge based economy. For
being successful as much as it can be at its development process and also at solving
problems like poverty, Tanzania has adopted several other documents3, relating to its
economy diplomacy.

3.4. International relations

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The country is relatively stable and peaceful compared to neighboring East African
nations and is currently home to roughly 275,000 displaced people from the nearby Great
Lakes region- Great Lakes Regional conflict4. In 2000, Burundi placed landmines along
its border to stop refugees from leaving the conflict zone and entering Tanzania. In June
2007, the Tanzanian president Kikwete urged refugees to return to their home countries
and told reporters that peace had been returned