1. The term empiricism refers to what?

Empiricism refers to using direct observation to obtain knowledge.

2. Does everyday observation employ the empirical approach?

Yes , everyday observations is an application of the empirical approach.

3. When researches systematically use the empirical approach to acquire knowledge, we say that
they are engaging in what?
That they are engaging in empirical research

4. What is the name for the subset of a population?

A sample

5. Which type of planning involves constructing or selecting measuring instrument ts?

a. Whom b. How c. When d. Under what circumstances

6. Even the best plans for research often cannot be fully executed for physical reasons. According
to this section of the book, what are some of the other reasons for this?
Because of ethical, legal or financial constraints.

7. The observations that researchers make results in what?

In data

8. Are the data that researches collect always scores?

No, they can be other types o data

9. In recent decades, researchers have increasingly used what term to refer to the indivduals being
studied?

Particpants
Section 2

1. In which type of study are treatments given in order to see how participants respond?
In an experimental study

2. In a experiment, are the responses the independent variable or the dependent variable?
Dependent variable.
3. What is the purpose of an experiment?
To identify cause-and-effect relationships
4. In an experiment, a researcher administered various dosage levels of aspirin to different groupd
of participants in order to determine the effects of the various dosage levels on heart attack
rates is the (circle one)
a. Dependent variable b. Independient variable
5. In an experiment, a researcher used group counseling wirh some participants and used
individual counseling with other participants in order to study the effectiveness of the two types
of counseling on raising the particpants self-esteem. In this study, the two types of counseling
constitute the (circle one)
a. Dependeint variable b. Independeint variable
6. In which type of study do rerearchres try not to change the participants?
Nonexperimental (also known as a descriptive study).
7. What is the definition of a nonexperimental study?
A study in which observations are made to determine tbe status of what exists at a given point
in time without the administering of treatments