17. Define active and passive elements with examples.

Active element: Active elements are the elements which supply power or energy
to the network.
Ex. Voltage source, current source
Passive element: Passive elements are the elements which either store energy or
dissipate energy in the form of heat.
Ex. Capacitor and inductor=store the energy
Resistor=dissipate the energy

22. Write the limitations of ohm’s law.

(i)It is not applicable to non-linear devices such as diodes, zener diodes and
voltage regulators.
(ii)It is not applicable for non metallic conductors. Ex. silicon carbide
(iii)It is not applicable for arc lamps, electronic valves and electrolytes.
26. Distinguish between apparent power and true power.

27. State maximum power transfer theorem.

ELECTRICAL MACHINES

PART – A (2 MARKS)
3. Name the two different theories with which principle of 1-phase induction motors
are explained.
The two different theories are
· Double revolving field theory
· Cross field theory
5. Name any four types of 1-phase induction motors.
Based on the method of starting arrangement provided, the 1-phase Induction
motors are classified as follows
(i) Split-phase motor
(ii) Capacitor start motor
(iii) Capacitor start and run motor
(iv) Shaded pole motor
(v) Repulsion start Induction run motor

6. Why are centrifugal switches provided with Induction motors?

Centrifugal switches are provided on many 1-phase Induction motors to
disconnect the starting / auxiliary winding from the supply when the motor
reaches about 70% of its synchronous speed.
17. What is slip of an induction motor?
The slip speed expressed as the ratio of synchronous speed is defined as slip.
Percentage slip S=Ns-N/Ns*100
18. why transformers are rated in KVA?
19. why transformer tests are necessary? What are the transformer tests available in
nature?
1. Explain the principle of operation of a DC generator and derive the emf equation.

8. Define Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductor

Semiconductor in an extremely pure form is called intrinsic
semiconductor. Its valence shell must be tetravalent in nature.

25. Which device is called as unipolar device? Why? What are advantages of FET?
i. Since the operation of FET depends upon the flow of majority
carriers (either the electrons or holes) only, the FET is said to be
unipolar device.
i. It is a voltage control, constant current driven device that is the
variation in input voltage controls the output current.
ii. The input impedance is very high so it allows a high degree of
isolation between the input and the output circuit.
iii. The carriers are not crossing the junction hence the noise is highly
reduced.
iv. It has a negative temperature co-efficient of resistance. This can
avoid thermal runaway.

35. Difference between FET and BJT

FET BJT
1. It is a unipolar device. 1. It is a biopolar device
2. It is a voltage controlled device 2. It is a current driven device
3. Its input resistance is very high. 3. Its input resistance is very low.
4. It is less noisy. 4. It is comparatively more noisy.
5. No thermal runaway 5. There is thermal runaway
6. High switching speed 6. Lower switching speed.
4. What is a Zener diode? Explain the operation of Zener diode and draw its
characteristics.
5. Explain the operation of halfwave rectifier with neat sketch. (16)
PART – A (2 MARKS)
5. Which gates are called as the universal gates? Why it is called so?
The NAND and NOR gates are called as the universal gates. These gates are used to
perform any type of logic application.

8.Mention the classification of saturated bipolar logic families.

The bipolar logic family is classified as follows:
RTL- Resistor Transistor Logic
DTL- Diode Transistor logic
I2L- Integrated Injection Logic
TTL- Transistor Transistor Logic
ECL- Emitter Coupled Logic

9. Mention the important characteristics of digital IC’s?

Fan out
Power dissipation
Propagation Delay
Noise Margin
Fan In
Operating temperature
Power supply requirements
36. What do you mean by comparator
A comparator is a special combinational circuit designed primarily to compare the
relative magnitude of two binary numbers.

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

4 ..What is modulation?
Modulation is the process of changing some parameter of a high frequency carrier signal
accordance with the instantaneous variations of the message l.signa
5. What is meant by modulation? Explain different types of modulation
techniques with neat diagrams.
6.what are the advantages of FM over
* The amplitude of the frequency modulated wavePM in is independent of the depth of
modulation.
* In AM, when the modulation index increases, the total transmission power increased.
is Inr" " M
' ,
the total transmitted power is always same but the bandwidth
IS increased with the increased
modulation index.
* By increasing frequency deviation, the noise can further be reducedF Min,whereasAM doesnot
have this feature
.
*As there is a guard band betweenPM stations, there is less adjacent channelinterference inFM
then in AM.

15. What is microwave?

Electromagnetic waves in the frequency range of 1 GHz to 30 GHz are referred to as
microwaves’.

16. What is satellite communication system?

A satellite communication is a RF repeater station which has made broadband loin
distance communication feasible and ensures a high quality service.
9. What are the advantages of optical fibre systems?