VISCOSITY

GARDCO/DIN 4MM VISCOSITY CUPS

The Gardco/DIN 4mm Standard and Mini Dip Viscosity Cups are produced with
an easily removable orifice of the Gardco Snap In, Snap Out type. Cup and
orifice production tolerance permits replacement of the orifice without loss of
acceptable tolerance. In accordance with Deutsche Normen DIN 53211, Gardco
offers only the 4mm DIN cup and provides the ISO viscosity cups series for use
on materials outside the range accommodated by this cup.

ADVANTAGES
The Gardco/DIN 4mm viscosity cups conform to the flow characteristics specified
by Deutsche Normen DIN 53211.
Conversion formulas and tables relating efflux time in seconds, to the nearest tenth of a
second, to viscosity in centistokes are furnished with each Gardco/DIN viscosity cup.
Calibration of the Gardco/DIN cups are traceable to the National Institute of Stadards
and Technology.
The Gardco/DIN viscosity cup is machined from solid bar stock aluminum with
removable stainless steel orifice.

DIN 4MM STANDARD CUP ONLY:

Exterior cup dimensions are chosen to fit existing
support stands for the Standard Ford and ISO
viscosity cup series.
Gardco/DIN cups are not matched by any other
such cups with respect to the above advantages
or in highest quality of workmanship or in
continuing quality control procedures.
The Gardco/DIN viscosity cup was designed
by and is manufactured and calibrated by the
Paul N. Gardner Company, Inc.

STANDARD DIN CUP MINI DIN DIP CUP

MINI DIN DIP CUP CONSTRUCTION DETAIL

The physical dimensions of the new Gardco/Mini DIN Dip viscosity cup
have been chosen to provide just one half of the efflux time in seconds
of the Gardco Standard DIN cup of the same number and orifice. The
inverted cone shaped bottom of the cup terminating in the removable
stainless steel orifice is retained to insure a sharp end point and best
possible comparable accuracy.

1.380
For the first time a dip cup has been developed primarily for field use
which is a direct counterpart of the cup used in the laboratory. Gardco is
pleased to have made this contribution and to introduce the Gardco/Mini
DIN Dip cup along with the new Gardco Standard DIN Cup Series.

The Gardco Mini Dip Cup has all of the advantages listed for the Standard
Cup Series except it does not have a drip ring at the top of the cup and
a handle is attached for support. The Mini Dip cup capacity is one-half
that of the Standard cup.
DIN DIP CUP
BODY DRAWING

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VISCOSITY
STANDARD CUP CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
The body of the cup is machined from solid bar stock aluminum. Note from the
cross section drawing of the cup the relatively deep well surrounding the top of
the cup which serves to catch any overflow.
Note also the conical opening for the orifice which permits
gentle tapping in or tapping out of the orifice.

The stainless steel orifice design provides for extension

between the opening in the body and the lowermost
extension of the cup. This design insures protection
for the orifice and prevents interference with the efflux STANDARD DIN 4MM CUP IN
stream by uneven or contaminated surfaces surround- BRACKET STAND WITH GLASS
COVER PLATE, BUBBLE LEVEL
ing the orifice. AND RECEIVING BEAKER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

Insure that the cup is clean and that there is no residual dried material in or around
the orifice.
Insure that the test material is at specified measuring temperature.
Place the cup in a suitable leveled holder and place a receiving container under the cup.
Place a finger against the orifice and fill the cup with the test material until the meniscus,
where it joins the sidewall of the cup, disappears. If there are bubbles in the sample, allow
time for them to rise to the surface. If the cup is overfilled, remove the excess by sliding
the cover plate across the top of the cup. With the plate in this position the finger may
be removed. Remove the finger from the orifice or pull the scraper plate from the top of
the cup and simultaneously start a timer.
Hold a thermometer in the efflux stream in order to accurately determine the tempera
ture of the test material.
Stop the timer at the first observed break in the efflux stream between one and two
inches below the orifice.
Record the cup used, the designation and temperature of the test material and the
number of seconds of efflux time. (Example: Gardco/DIN 4mm, (test material),
25.1C, 41.2 Seconds.)
If the efflux time is immediately converted to Standard Gardco/DIN Cup time by multi-
plying by 2, it should be so noted.
Promptly clean the cup unless it will be used immediately for a rerun of the same
material.
TEMPERATURE
Most materials change viscosity as a function of temperature. Those normally measured by viscosity
cups change in the range of 3% to 8% per degree Celsius change in temperature. Usually, the higher
the viscosity the greater the change. For acceptable accuracy, it is necessary to measure temperature
at the same time that viscosity cup readings are taken. When many determinations are to be made
on similar products in the same viscosity range, it may be helpful to produce a graph for converting
measured temperature and viscosity cup Efflux time seconds to seconds at a specified temperature,
normally 25 Celsius.
There are three variables to consider: Viscosity, efflux time seconds and temperature. All three can be
shown on a graph with a family of curves as shown in the following example. Viscosity level is indicated
by the diagonal lines, increasing from the lower left to the upper right. Such a graph can be prepared for
a given material by taking readings with the Gardco/DIN cup over a limited temperature range, as shown
in the example. Within this limited range the plots of the obtained data will normally result in a straight

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 VISCOSITY
line such as the heavy diagonal line. Draw parallel lines to the line of experimental data, as shown,
representing different viscosity levels. Enter on the graph the material represented and the Gardco/DIN
4mm designation.

Use the prepared graph by plotting on it

measured temperature and Efflux time
seconds. At A in the example, these
values are 26.0C and 39.5 seconds.
Read parallel to the diagonal lines to the
intersection with the heavy vertical line
which is 25.0C, the target temperature.
Then, reading horizontally to the left, it is
found that the correct efflux time seconds
at 25C, is 41.5 seconds. Similarly, at "B"
in the example, it is found that a reading
taken at 23.5C, when corrected to 25C
changes from 40.5 to 37.5 seconds.
Compensating for temperature measured near to but not as specified must be with caution. Even within
the limited range of 2.0C the variation of viscosity with temperature may not be linear and any thinning
materials used to adjust viscosity may also change the rate of this variation.

CARE OF CUP
Gardco/DIN viscosity cups are precision instruments. They are ruggedly constructed and, with reason-
able care, will give many years of satisfactory service, requiring only thorough cleaning following each
use. Particular care should be used in cleaning the orifice to avoid leaving deposits or scratches on
internal surfaces.
Never strike the orifice directly when removing it from the cup. Place the dowel rod furnished with the cup
against the orifice and strike the dowel with a heavy object such as a paper weight. Prior to inserting an
orifice into the cup, insure that the exterior of the orifice and the receiving cone of the cup are clean.
It is good practice to retain a standard oil that can be used to periodically insure that the cup retains its
initial calibration. Such oils are available from Gardco. Refer to the Specification Table for the oil recom-
mended for use with the DIN 4mm cup.

Cleaning Viscosity Cups After Use

Guide for removing the G-series calibrating oil from Gardco viscosity cups.
Any remaining material in the cup must be removed by flushing with a suitable solvent. Light naphtha,
heptane, octane, highly aromatic solvents, and or any other petroleum-derived hydrocarbon solvent
can be used. Varsol is a commercial solvent that works very well for this purpose.
Completely dry the viscosity cup with a lint free cloth. Use a highly volatile solvent for a second clean-
ing as since any remaining hydrocarbon solvents from the first process will evaporate quickly after the
sample has been flushed from the cup. Hypersolve, MEK and Alcohol can be used in aluminum cups
and Hypersolve and Alcohol for the stainless steel cups. Acetone is commonly used as the second
solvent because of its high volatility and its ability to dissolve traces of petroleum solvents and water.
In the third process a low velocity stream of clean air will be sufficient to evaporate remaining traces of
any volatile solvent. Be aware, avoid rapid evaporation of these solvents as this can cool the surface
to such an extent that humid air may be brought below the dew point, causing a film of water to form
on the cup.
Varsol is a registered trademark of the Exxon Company

STANDARD G SERIES OILS MEET ISO 9002

Gardco produced viscosity cups are calibrated with standard G Series oils. Centistoke viscosity of these
oils is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology. These standard oils, prepared
expressly by the Cannon Instrument Company for the Paul N. Gardner Company, are produced in ac-
cordance with ISO /IEC 17025:2005.

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VISCOSITY
CAUTION
Silicone fluids should not be used to calibrate viscosity cups. These materials change the interface
between the cup surface and the test material and therefore change the cup calibration. The following is
taken from ASTM D 445: Viscometers used for silicone fluids should be reserved for the exclusive use of
such fluids. Solvent washings from these viscometers should not be used for cleaning other viscometers.

TEMPERATURE (RELATING TO OILS)

Shown in the graph is the viscosity cup number and the standard G Series oil used for its calibration.
Normally, cup calibration is at 25.0 Celsius, shown on the graph by bold lines intersecting with the
curve in the circle. Temperature/Efflux Time Seconds Graphs for all cups in the series are included with
each cup sold by the Paul N. Gardner Company.
Viscosity of most liquids, including the standard oils, are dependent on temperature. Efflux time in
seconds for the indicated cup-oil combination from twenty (20) to twenty-seven (27) degrees Celsius
is shown in the graph. The cup may be checked with the indicated G oil with reasonable accuracy
within these limits. For best accuracy, the standard oil label viscosity with temperature at 25.0 Celsius
should be used. Conversion from centistoke viscosity to efflux time in seconds is by the formula or table
furnished with the cup.
This information, furnished as an additional customer service, is included with each viscosity cup sold
by the Paul N. Gardner Company.
EFFLUX TIME (SEC.)

TEMPERATURE IN DEGREES CELSIUS

CERTIFICATION
Any particular Gardco Standard DIN Cup or Gardco/Mini DIN Dip cup - orifice combination will be certified,
as an extra cost service, to within 0.1 seconds and 0.1 degrees Centigrade on a standard oil selected
for the combination midrange. Both the viscosity of the oil and the temperature measuring devices are
traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology. This certification complies to the requirements
of ANSI/NCSL Z5401 or MIL-STD-45662A as applicable. Such certification is voided by the replacement
of the cup orifice.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
The POISE is the fundamental unit of viscosity. It is a unit of measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow
where gravity is not a factor. 100 CENTIPOISE = 1 POISE. However, gravity is the driving force causing
liquid in a viscosity cup to flow through the orifice. A high density material will flow from the cup in a
shorter time than a low density material of the same viscosity. The STOKE is defined as the POISE divided
by density (or weight per gallon multiplied by 0.120). 100 CENTISTOKES = 1 STOKE. The CENTISTOKE
is the unit of reference in all viscosity cup measurements.

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 VISCOSITY
The graph relates viscosity in CENTISTOKES to EFFLUX time in SECONDS for the Gardco/DIN 4mm viscosity
cup. The graph may be used for determining the rough relationship between these factors, but usually
reference will be made to the table furnished with each cup that provides values to the nearest tenth of a
second. If it is necessary to determine the relationship beyond the range of the table, the mathematical
formulas shown in the graph may be used.

T = Efflux Time in Seconds

V = Viscosity
C = Temperature
VISCOSITY ( CENTISTOKES )

GARDCO MINI DIN DIP 4mm CUP

The top formula shown on the 4mm DIN DIP Cup graph is used when efflux time in SECONDS is known.
As an example, assume 28.9 SECONDS in the 4mm DIN Dip cup. Multiply 28.9 by 9.14 and the result
is 264.15. Divide 226 by 28.9, which is 7.82, and subtract this value from 264.15. The result is
256.33 CENTISTOKE for 28.9 SECONDS efflux time from this cup.
The lower formula shown on the DIN DIP Cup graph is used when the CENTISTOKE value is known. As
an example, assume 317.0 CENTISTOKES in the 4mm DIN Dip cup. Square 317 which is 100,489
and add 8263 for a total of 108,752. Take the square root of this value, which is 329.8 and add 317
for a total of 646.8. Divide 646.8 by 18.28 and the result is 35.4 SECONDS, efflux time for 317.0
CENTISTOKE viscosity material from this cup.

EFFLUX

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VISCOSITY
The lower formula shown in the graph is used when Efflux time SECONDS is known. As an example,
assume 45.0 SECONDS as the cup Efflux time. Multiply 45.0 by 4.57 and the result is 205.7. Divide
452 by 45.0, which is 10.0 and subtract this value from 205.7. The result is 195.7, the CENTISTOKE
value of 45.0 seconds Efflux time from this cup.
The top formula in the graph is used when the CENTISTOKE value is known. As an example, assume a
viscosity of 250 CENTISTOKES. Square 250 which is 62500 and add 8263 for a total of 70763. Take
the square root of this value, which is 266 and add 250 for a total of 516. Divide 516 by 9.14 and the
result is 56.5 SECONDS, the Efflux time of a 250 CENTISTOKE material
from the Gardco/DIN 4mm Cup.
Flow characteristics of all Gardco produced viscosity cups are accu-
rately defined by mathematical formula relating their Efflux time to the
viscosity of standard oils which are traceable to the National Institute
of Standards and Technology. The formula for the Gardco/DIN 4mm
cup is shown in the conversion graph. For convenience, the formula
has been solved for each tenth second within the normal cup range.
The resulting table is furnished with each cup and is shown here in
reduced form.
As an example for the use of the table, assume a cup Efflux time of 66.7
SECONDS. Read down the left column to the 66 SECOND line and then
to the right on this line to the 0.7 column. The value at the intersection
is 298.0 CENTISTOKES. The table may be read in reverse to find Efflux
time SECONDS from a known CENTISTOKE value.

GENERAL INFORMATION
The Gardco/DIN viscosity cups are in close agreement with the internal dimensions specified in DIN
53211 but with the following improvements: The mass of metal has been reduced to a minimum
adjacent to the orifice for smallest possible temperature influence when cup and test material are not at
the same temperature.
The stainless steel orifice is of the readily removable type permitting replacement without significant loss
of accuracy. The design of the cup and orifice eliminate hard to clean recesses. For greatest possible
user convenience, the outside dimensions of the cup have been chosen for accommodations by support
stands commonly in use with either the series of Gardco Standard Ford viscosity cups or the series of
Gardco / ISO viscosity cups.
In addition to physical improvements, the Gardco/DIN cups are furnished with conversion formulas and
a copyrighted table which relates the nearest tenth of a second of efflux time to viscosity in centistokes.
The table is particularly useful in determining efflux time in seconds when viscosity in centistokes is
known.
As an additional service, the Gardco/DIN cups may be ordered with a Certificate of Calibration which con-
tains calibration data with the use of oils traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
and a calculated correction factor, if any, that may be used with the cup. Such viscosity cup certification
procedures and conditions comply with the specifications of ANSI/NCSL Z540-1 or MIL-STD-45662A
as applicable.
The Gardco/DIN viscosity cups are produced to very close mechanical tolerance in elaborate jigs and
fixtures. Such production procedures and equipment not only insure that each cup is correctly produced
but also that all cups are identical. The body of the cup is machined from solid bar stock aluminum and
the orifice from stainless steel.

CUP-ORIFICE SPECIFICATIONS
Orifice Diameter (Nominal)........................................................ 4mm
Efflux Time Seconds Range.................................................15 to 120
Centistoke Range ..........................................................38 to 545
Midrange Sensitivity (Centistokes per Second)................................4.7
Standard Calibrating Oil............................................................G100
Viscosity of Standard (Nominal Cs. - Use label value)....................233

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 VISCOSITY
ORIFICE INTERCHANGE
Not applicable to certified cups
Production tolerance on the Gardco Standard DIN cup and the Gardco/Mini DIN Dip cup and the orifice is
sufficiently close to permit interchange of orifices between cups. For convenience and for best possible
results, however, it is recommended that such interchanges be held to a minimum.
The orifice for the cup is machined from stainless steel with the exact conical exterior to match the
opening in the base of the cup.

VISCOSITY STANDARD RECOMMENDED FOR CALIBRATION

OF GARDCO/DIN VISCOSITY CUP
Catalog No. Calibration
Liquid
Description
VI-3820 G-100

A Material Safety Data Sheet is furnished with each bottle of "G" Series Standard Oil.

MINI DIN DIP CUP

VI-7024 Gardco/Mini DIN Dip Cup with 4mm Orifice......................................$275.00
VI-7024C Certified Gardco/Mini DIN Dip Cup, 4mm Orifice..................................440.00
VI-7014 4mm Replacement Orifice.................................................................112.00
ASTM Mercury In Glass Thermometers
TH-02232 Celsius Thermometer, 19 to 27C........................................................43.00
TH-02233 Fahrenheit Thermometer, 66 to 80F....................................................43.00
TH-02272 Celsius Thermometer, 23.6 to 26.4C................................................161.00
TH-02273 Fahrenheit Thermometer,74.5 to 79.5F.............................................161.00
DIN STANDARD CUP
VI-7004 4mm Standard Gardco/DIN Cup with Conversion Table....................... $300.00
VI-7004C Certified Standard Gardco/DIN Cup with Conversion Table..................... 465.00
VI-7014 4mm Gardco/DIN Cup Orifice (only)................................................... 112.00
Thermometers
TH-0482 Thermometer, Glass, Blue Spirit Filled, 20 to 30C................................ 52.00
TH-16100860 Thermometer, Stainless 8" Stem, 25 to 125F...................................... 33.63
TH-16100875 Thermometer, Stainless 8" Stem, 0 to 50C.......................................... 33.63
ACCESSORIES for Standard DIN Cup
VI-3338 Tripod Support Stand......................................................................... 209.00
VI-3030 Bracket Type Support Stand................................................................ 199.00
SS-80125 Receiving Beaker, #14, Stainless Steel, 125 ml..................................... 52.00
SS-80250 Receiving Beaker, #14, Stainless Steel, 250 ml..................................... 41.00
VI-3035 Glass Cover Plate with Circular Level.................................................... 28.00
ACCESSORIES for Both Cups
VI-3820 G-100 Certified Viscosity Standard (Pint).............................................. 87.00
TM-AX705 Ultimate Stopwatch, 1/100 Second....................................................... 32.00
TM-AX705/C Certified Ultimate Stopwatch, 1/100 Second, Traceable to N.I.S.T............. 54.00

PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE

The information contained herein, or that supplied by us or on our behalf in any other manner is based on data obtained by our own
research and is considered accurate. However, NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED REGARDING THE ACCURACY OF THESE
DATA, THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE THEREOF, OR THAT ANY SUCH USE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY PATENT. This
information is furnished upon the condition that the person receiving it shall make his own tests to determine the suitability thereof for
his particular purpose.

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