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Academic League of Chemical Engineering Students (UP ALCHEMES)


Academic Affairs Committee - Reviews and Tutorials Series, A.Y. 2015-2016
Physics 71 LE 1 (ANSWER KEY)


1. The National Institute of Physics is 850 meters south and 350 meters east of the UP ALCHEMES Tambayan in
Melchor Hall. What is the distance and direction of the NIP from the Tambayan?
A. 920m, 22 degrees South of East
B. 919m, 22.3 degrees South of East
C. 919m, 67.6 degrees South of East
D. 920 m, 68 degrees South of East

Use the distance formula and SOHCAHTOA
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 850 .
+ 350 . = 920 𝑚
𝑦 850
𝜃 = tan89 = tan89 = 68°
𝑥 350
Since the x-component points east and the y-component points south, the direction is 68 °C South of East with
displacement of 920 m.

2. If L = L? (1 + αΔT), where L and L0 are in meters and ΔT is in Kelvins, what is the unit of the constant α?
E. mK-1 G. m2K-1
F. K-1 H. mK-2

L = L? (1 + αΔT)
L
1 + αΔT =
L?
L
αΔT = − 1
L?
1 L
α= −1
ΔT L?
G 9
Since − 1 is unitless and is K-1, then the unit of α is K-1.
GH IJ

3. In the wildly imaginative world of Kevin Wong, one Kevingram is equivalent to 120 kg, two Dy-feet is equivalent
to 125 cm, and a single Wong-nap takes one hour and 30 minutes. Convert one Newton into Kevin Wong units.
A. 1 N = 38.88 Kevingram*Dy-ft/Wong-nap2
B. 1 N = 388 800 Kevingram*Dy-ft/Wong-nap2
C. 1 N = 72 Kevingram*Dy-ft/Wong-nap2
D. 1 N = 194 400 Kevingram*Dy-ft/Wong-nap2

Let
𝐾𝐺 = 𝐾𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
𝐷𝑌 = 𝐷𝑦 ∙ 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
𝑊𝑁 = 𝑊𝑜𝑛𝑔 ∙ 𝑛𝑎𝑝
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚 1 𝐾𝐺 100 𝑐𝑚 2 𝐷𝑌 5400 . 𝐾𝐺 ∙ 𝐷𝑌
1𝑁 = 1 = 388800
𝑠. 120 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑚 125 𝑐𝑚 1 𝑊𝑁 𝑊𝑁


4. In your walking for fitness class, you walk 3.0x10^2 meters east along the Acad Oval, 5.0x10^2 meters south
along Velasquez Street, and then 3.4x10^2 meters, 22 degrees South of East to the Math Building. How far is the
Math Building from your starting point?
A. 920m C. 880m
B. 630m D. 0m

Addition of vectors
𝑣9 = 300,0
𝑣. = 0, −500
𝑣9 = 340 cos 22 , −340 sin 22
𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 615, −627
Use distance formula to compute for the displacement
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 615 . + 627 . = 880 𝑚

5. Which graph represents a particle with an initial velocity that has the same direction as its constant
acceleration?


D. If the sign of the acceleration is opposite of the sign of the velocity, it means that the object is slowing down and
steadily changing direction. Whereas if they are the same, it means that the object is speeding up. The only graph
that shows that the object is speeding up is graph A and D. Graph A shows that the object starts from rest which tell
us that it’s velocity is 0 which has no sign, so D is the answer.

6. An object moving along the x-axis slows down at a constant rate. Which of the following describes the object’s
acceleration vs time graph.
A. It is concave up
B. It is concave down
C. It is a horizontal line
D. It is a diagonal line

If it is slowing down at a constant rate, it means that the v-t graph is a diagonal line moving towards the x-axis. If
the v-t graph is a diagonal line, then the a-t graph is simply a horizontal line.

For numbers 7 to 13
The height of a hot-air balloon varies with time given by the equation y(t) = 5.00m + (2.25m/s . )t . .

7. What is the balloon’s height at t = 2.00s?
A. 9.50m C. 13.0m
B. 7.25m D. 14.0m

y(t) = 5.00m + (2.25m/s . )(2s). = 14m

8. What is the shape of its acceleration vs. time graph?
A. A line with a slope of 1
B. A horizontal line above the x-axis.
C. A line with a slope of -1
D. A horizontal line below the x-axis

As observed from the equation, it can be inferred that it is the same as the equation for one-dimensional motion
9
y = ye + ve t + at . where ve = 0. So we can say that acceleration is constant and positive; therefore the a-t graph
.
is a horizontal line above the x-axis

9. What is its instantaneous velocity at t = 2.00s?
A. 4.50 m/s C. 14.0 m/s
B. 9.00 m/s D. 8.00 m/s

9
Comparing the equation with y = ye + ve t + at . shows that the acceleration is 4.50 m/s2. Using the equation v −
.
v? = at with ve = 0 and t = 2 yields v = 9.00m/s2

10. What is the shape of the height vs time graph?
A. A line with a constant positive slope
B. A line with a constant negative slope
C. A parabola opening upward
D. A horizontal line above the x-axis

Since the acceleration is constant, the velocity-time graph would be a line with a slope equal to the acceleration
(which is positive). The position-time graph would therefore be a parabola opening upwards.

11. What is the balloon’s acceleration at t = 2.00s?
A. 5.00 m/s2 C. 4.50 m/s2
B. 2.25 m/s2 D. 7.25 m/s2

9
Comparing the equation with y = y? + v? t + at . shows that the acceleration is a constant 4.50 m/s2.
.

12. What is the shape of its velocity vs. time graph?
A. A horizontal line
B. A parabola opening upwards
C. A diagonal line with positive slope
D. A diagonal line with negative slope

Since the object is under a constant positive acceleration, the v-t graph should be a straight line with a positive
slope.

13. What is his average velocity from t = 0 to t = 2.00s?
A. 9.00 m/s C. 5.00 m/s
B. 2.25 m/s D. 4.50 m/s

Average velocity is defined as the change in displacement over the change in time. The displacement at 0 s and 2.00
s are 5.00 m and 9.50 m respectively; therefore, Δy = 4.50m. Dividing this by 2.00 s yields v = 2.25m/s.

14. Flash and Zoom are having a death match. At t = 0 after a brawl, Flash tries to escape with a constant speed of
Mach 2 (664 m/s). Meanwhile, Zoom, knocked out temporarily, starts from rest also at t = 0 with an acceleration of
50.0 m/s2. At what time will Zoom catch up to the Flash?
A. 13.3 s C. 26.6 s
B. 53.1 s D. 23.3 s

Set up the equations of motion for the two.
9
For Flash: xh = xeh + veh t + at .
.
Since xeh = 0 and he runs at constant speed, xh = veh t
9
For Zoom: xi = xei + vei t + at .
.
9
Since xeh = 0and he started from rest, xi = at . .
.
The two were in the same position at the beginning of the chase (x = 0). We have to find the time where they meet
again. This will happen when xh = xi .
1
(664m/s)t = (50.0m/s . )t .
2
(2)(664m/s)
= t = 26.6s
(50.0m/s . )

15. Sonic the Hedgehog, starting from rest, rolled down a slope with a constant acceleration of 7.0 m/s2. What is his
final speed upon reaching the bottom of the slope 300 m from the starting point?
A. 85.8 m/s C. 45.8 m/s
B. 600. m/s D. 64.8 m/s

Use the formula v . = ve . + 2a(x − xe ) in order to get the final velocity. Since Sonic the Hedgehog started from rest,
we set ve = 0.
v = 2(7.0 m/s . )(300m) = 64.8m/s

For numbers 16 to 17
It is said that a fall from a height of at least 45.0 m is 95% fatal. A student who failed his first Physics 71
long exam steps off the ceiling of NIP and falls from rest at this height into an uncovered manhole. Ignore the
effects of air resistance.

16. What is his speed right before touching the ground?
A. 21.0 m/s C. 441 m/s
B. 29.7 m/s D. 882 m/s

Use the equation v . = ve . − 2g(y − ye ) with the convention that the downward direction is negative. Set ve =
0 and y = −45m.
v = −2(9.81 m/s . )(−45.0m) = 30 m/s

17. How long will it take him before he reaches the ground?
A. 9.2 s C. 2.1 s
B. 3.0 s D. 4.6 s

Use the equationv = ve − gt. Setting ve = 0 yields v = −gt; therefore, v = −3.0m/s and the speed is 3.0 m/s.

18. In simple harmonic motion, the frequency is given by

1 k
f=
2π m
where π is a dimensionless constant. If the unit for m is in kg and the unit for f is in s 89 , what should be the unit of
k for the equation to be dimensionally consistent?
A. N/m2 C. N · m
B. N/m D. N/(m · s)

1 k
f=
2π m
1 k
f. =
4π. m
k = 4π. mf .
[k] = kg ⋅ s 8.
Recall: N = kg ⋅ m ⋅ s 8.
Therefore, [k] = N/m

19. Consider the image below. Which ball reaches the ground first? Assume they are all launched with horizontal
velocity only.


A. V1 C. V3
B. V2 D. They all fall at the same time

The horizontal components of their initial velocities are different, but the vertical components are all the same
(zero); therefore, they will land at equal times.

20. A toy car rolls off a cliff with a speed of 5.00 m/s. The cliff is 100. meters high. What is the speed of the toy car
right before it hits the ground?
A. 44.3 m/s C. 49.3 m/s
B. 44.6 m/s D. (-44.3 i + 5.00 j) m/s

The horizontal component remains at a constant 5.00 m/s. The vertical component can be derived from v . = v?. −
2gy where v? = 0 and y = −100. m. The final velocity will be v = −44.3 m/s (negative because of signs). Since the
problem asks for the speed and not the velocity, the magnitude of the velocity has to be calculated. This is equal to
(5.00 m/s). + (−44.3 m/s). = 44.6 m/s

For numbers 21 to 24
Legolas the grey-elf fires an arrow with an initial speed of 100. m/s at an angle of 30.0o.

21. What is the arrow’s maximum range?
A. 121 m C. 883 m
B. 127 m D. 1.53×103 m

stH uvw(.x)
Use the formula for range: R =
y
9??t uvw(.(z?))
R= = 883m
{.|9

22. What is the arrow’s maximum height?
A. 121 m C. 883 m
B. 127 m D. 1.53×103 m

stH uvwt (x)
Use the formula for max height: H~•€ =
.y
stH uvwt (x) 9??t uvwt (z?)
H~•€ = = = 127m
.y .({.|9)

23. In how many seconds will the arrow land?
A. 10.2 s C. 8.83 s
B. 17.7s D. 2.44 s

.sH uvw(x)
Use the formula for time of flight: T =
y
2V? sin(θ) 2(100)sin(30)
T= = = 10.2s
g 9.81

24. After practicing his test shot, Legolas’ keen eyes then spies an orc at a cliff 200. meters high and 300. meters
away. If the initial speed of his arrow is still 100. m/s, at what angle from the ground should he fire?
A. 8.56° C. 43.4°
B. 38.9° D. 81.4°

x = v? tcosθ
1
y = v? tsinθ − gt .
2

x
v? t =
cosθ
x
t=
v? cosθ
gx .
y = xtanθ − .
2v? cos . θ
θ = 43.4°


25. Luthien Tinuviel is riding the Flying Fiesta in Enchanted Kingdom. If she is spinning at a speed of 8.00 m/s and
around a wide circle of radius 50.0 meters, what is her centripetal acceleration?
A. 3.20×10-3 m/s2 C. 1.28 m/s2
B. 0.16 m/s D. 9.89 m/s2

„t
Use the formula: aƒ =

(|~/u)t
aƒ = = 1.3m/s .
†?~

26. Turin Turambar is whirling a stone attached to a string in his hand to throw it at Glaurung, Father of Dragons.
Turin’s unnatural strength allows him to spin the stone at a rate of 10. revolutions per second in a radius of 30. cm.
What is the speed(in m/s) of the stone when it leaves his hand?
A. 1.9×103 m/s C. 2.8 m/s
B. 19 m/s D. 0.19 m/s

Since the velocity is constant, it is equal to the distance divided by time. Solve for the distance travelled by the
stone in one revolutione (circumference of the circle) then divide it by the time (0.1 s per revolution) to get the
tangential velocity.
s = 2πr
2πr
v=
t
v = 19m/s

For numbers 27-28
Consider a box is sliding down a rough hill.

27. What forces are acting on the box?
A. gravitational force, friction
B. normal force, friction
C. graviational force, normal force
D. gravitational force, normal force, friction

The box is exerting a force on the rough hill which is its weight (gravitational force). The hill is exerting a normal
force on the box. The friction is exerting a force opposite the direction of the movement.

28. Draw its free-body diagram.



29. Master Yoda is using the Force to levitate Luke’s 1000. kg spaceship 5.00 meters above the ground at a constant
speed of 1.00 m/s. What is the net force acting on the spaceship?
A. 9.81 kN C. 1.00 kN
B. 5.00 kN D. 0 kN

Given the equation F = ma, but since the spaceship is not accelerating, the net force is zero.

30. Toph earthbends a giant boulder of mass 200 kg toward a troop of Fire Nation soldiers. If the boulder is gaining
speed at a constant acceleration of 3 m/s2, what is the magnitude of the force that Toph exerts on it?
A. 2.05 kN C. 600. N
B. 1.96 kN D. 0 N

Use the equation: F = ma
~
F = 200kg ∗ 3 = 600N
ut

For numbers 31 to 33
Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee, in the mountains of Ered Lithui encounters a descending slope at an
angle of 60o from the ground. The top of the slope is 200 meters above the ground.

31. Sam (mass 90.0 kg) tries to go down the slope with the help of his elven rope (which can be assumed to be
massless and inextensible with its prodigious properties). If he is going down at constant rate of 5 m/s, what is the
tension in the rope?
A. 441 N C. 1.02 kN
B. 765 N D. 1.77 kN

The speed is constant, therefore the acceleration and net force is zero

F€ = FJ − FŠ sinθ
0 = FJ − FŠ sinθ
FJ = mgsinθ
FJ = 765N

32. Frodo (mass 100. kg), trying to reach the bottom of the slope faster than Sam, starts his descent from rest but
constantly picking up speed as he goes down. If he is also using the same kind of rope as Sam’s, and the tension in
the rope is a constant 600. N, what will be his final speed when he reaches the bottom of the slope?
A. 2.49 m/s C. 25.2 m/s
B. 15.4 m/s D. 34.0 m/s

Since Frodo is accelerating, the sum of the net forces is not zero. Since he accelerates in the same direction as the
incline, it is the x-components of the forces that do not add up to zero
F€ = FJ − FŠ sinθ
ma = FJ − FŠ sinθ
FJ − mgsinθ
a=
m
a =-2.4870 m/s 2


The negative sign is due to the orientation of the coordinates. Since the coordinates are oriented such that positive
x is upward, the negative acceleration means that Frodo is sliding downward.

The height of the slope is 200 m. Using the trigonometric functions, the length of the slope is equal to (200
m)/sin(60) = 230.0401 m. Due to the orientation of the coordinates, the displacement is -230.0401 m.

Using the equation v . − v?. = 2as yields v=-34.0 m/s; therefore, the final speed is 34.0 m/s.

33. Gimli the dwarf, after drinking several bottles of booze, fell asleep. In order to move him to his bed, he has to be
dragged across the floor. The coefficient of friction between Gimli and the floor is 0.400. If he has to be dragged
with a constant force of 588 N, what is Gimli’s mass?
A. 24.0 kg C. 235 kg
B. 150. kg D. 1.47×103 kg

The x-component forces are the force of the push and friction. The forces should be at least equal to start motion.

F€ = F − Fh
0 = F − µŒ mg
F
m=
µŒ g
m = 150.kg

34. A box of mass 100. kg is resting on a ramp with coefficient of static friction of 0.400. What is the maximum
angle of inclination of the ramp so that the box will not slide off?
A. 68.2° C. 23.6°
B. 66.4° D. 21.8°

The forces acting on the block are that of gravity, normal force, and friction.
mgsinθ = µmgcosθ
tanθ = µu
θ = tan89 µu
θ = 21.8°

35. Block A with mass mA, resting on a table top, is connected by a horizontal cord passing over a light, frictionless
pulley to a hanging block B of mass mB. The coefficient of kinetic friction between block A and the tabletop is µk.
What is the expression for the magnitude of acceleration of the blocks after they are released from rest?
~• y8Ž• ~• y
A. a=
~•
~• y8Ž• ~• y
B. a=
~•
𝐦𝐁 𝐠8𝛍𝐤 𝐦𝐀 𝐠
C. 𝐚=
𝐦𝐀 ˜𝐦𝐁
~• y˜Ž• ~• y
D. a=
~• ˜~•

The forces acting on the x-axis of block A are:


F€™ = FJ − Fh
m ™ a = FJ − µŒ m ™ g
FJ = µŒ m ™ g + m ™ a

The forces acting on the y-axis of block B are:


Fš› = FJ − Fœ›
m › a = FJ − m › g
FJ = m › g + m › a

Equating FT:
µŒ m ™ g + m ™ a = m › g + m › a
(m™ + m› )a = m› g − µŒ m™ g
m › g − µŒ m ™ g
a=
m™ + m›

36. The Garuda Eagle, moving at a speed of 50 m/s, is running on a curved road. If the coefficient of friction
between the wheels and the road is 0.6, and the mass of the car is 1000 kg, what is the maximum radius of
curvature its path can make without slipping?
A. 0.425 m C. 425 m
B. 8.49 m D. no maximum radius

The force causing the circular motion is the force of friction.

mv .
= µu mg
r
v.
r=
µu g
r = 425 m

37. In a ferris wheel rotating at two revolutions per minute, with a radius of 50.0 m, what is the apparent weight of
a person with mass 50.0 kg at the top of the ferris wheel?
A. 110. N C. 491 N
B. 381 N D. 600. N

The apparent weight is equal in magnitude as the normal force. An object at the top of a ferris wheel is acted on by
two downward forces: gravity and centripetal force. The force of gravity is simply − . The centripetal force can
~„t
be calculated using F = .

Since the velocity is constant, it is equal to the distance divided by time. Solve for the distance travelled by the
ferris wheel in two revolutions then divide it by the time (1 minute) to get the tangential velocity.
s = 2(2πr)
4πr
v=
t
~„t
Substituting this into F = :

m 16π. r .
F= ⋅
r t.
.
16π mr
F=
t.

From the free body diagram,


0 = F• − Fœ − F
F• = Fœ + F
16π. mr
F• = mg +
t.
F• = 600.N


38. A stone with mass 0.200kg is being whirled in a horizontal circle on the end of a string with length 1.00m. If the
speed of the stone is 3.0 m/s, what is the angle that the string makes with the horizontal?
A. 23.4° C. 42.5°
B. 39.9° D. 66.6°

Based on the free body diagram, it is the x component of tension that causes the circular motion.
mv .
F€ = FJ cosθ =
r
Fš = FJ sinθ − mg = 0

The value of r in the first equation is not equal to the length of the string because the string is at an angle. Let l be
the length of the string.
r = lcosθ

Isolate FT in both equations and solve for θ.


mv .
F€ = FJ cosθ =
r
mv .
FJ =
lcos . θ

Fš = FJ sinθ − mg = 0
mg
FJ =
sinθ
mv . mg
.
=
lcos θ sinθ
θ = 39.9°

39. A bolang kristal is resting on top of a table. Which of the following is an action-reaction pair?
A. the weight of the ball and the normal force on the ball
B. the weight of the ball and the weight of the table
C. the weight of the ball and the force of the ball on the earth
D. the force of the table on the ball and the normal force on the ball

By definition, an action-reaction pair consists of two forces equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. All of the
choices are acting on the same direction except for A.

40. An object with constant speed v is moving in a circular path with radius R. If the radius of the path is doubled,
what should be its speed to maintain the same acceleration?
A. 2v C. v
B. 4v D. 𝟐𝒗
𝑣.
𝑎=
𝑟
If the radius doubles, v2 has to double therefore v has to be multiplied by a factor of 2

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